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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="از شما دعوت می‌شود که یک حساب ایجاد کنید و وارد شوید؛ هرچند که این کار اختیاری است." class=""><span>ایجاد حساب</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="توصیه می‌شود که به سامانه وارد شوید، گرچه اجباری نیست [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ورود</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="گزینه‌های بیشتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ابزارهای شخصی" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ابزارهای شخصی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="منوی کاربری" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fa.wikipedia.org&uselang=fa"><span>کمک مالی</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="از شما دعوت می‌شود که یک حساب ایجاد کنید و وارد شوید؛ هرچند که این کار اختیاری است."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ایجاد حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="توصیه می‌شود که به سامانه وارد شوید، گرچه اجباری نیست [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ورود</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحه‌هایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" aria-label="دربارهٔ ویرایش‌کردن بیشتر بدانید"><span>بیشتر بدانید</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86" title="فهرست ویرایش‌ها انجام شده از این نشانی آی‌پی [y]" accesskey="y"><span>مشارکت‌ها</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%86" title="بحث پیرامون ویرایش‌های این نشانی آی‌پی [n]" accesskey="n"><span>بحث</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فهرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فهرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">نهفتن</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">بخش آغازین</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-منابع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#منابع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>منابع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منابع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فهرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">گشایش باز</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="به مقاله‌ای به یک زبان دیگر بروید. به ۳۵ زبان در دسترس است." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۳۵ زبان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="لعبة مفتوحة (افتتاحية)–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لعبة مفتوحة (افتتاحية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otvorena_partija" title="Otvorena partija–بوسنیایی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Otvorena partija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obertura_oberta" title="Obertura oberta–کاتالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Obertura oberta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otev%C5%99en%C3%A9_zah%C3%A1jen%C3%AD" title="Otevřené zahájení–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Otevřené zahájení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offene_Spiele" title="Offene Spiele–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Offene Spiele" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Ανοικτή παρτίδα–یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανοικτή παρτίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Open Game" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malfermita_malfermo" title="Malfermita malfermo–اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malfermita malfermo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apertura_abierta" title="Apertura abierta–اسپانیایی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apertura abierta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="اسپانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasiera_ireki" title="Hasiera ireki–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hasiera ireki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avopelit" title="Avopelit–فنلاندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avopelit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنلاندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9but_ouvert" title="Début ouvert–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Début ouvert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97" title="משחק פתוח–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחק פתוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%ADlt_megnyit%C3%A1s" title="Nyílt megnyitás–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyílt megnyitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%81_%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A6%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բաց սկզբնախաղեր–ارمنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաց սկզբնախաղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارمنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permainan_terbuka" title="Permainan terbuka–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permainan terbuka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opi%C3%B0_tafl" title="Opið tafl–ایسلندی" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Opið tafl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ایسلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apertura_di_gioco_aperto" title="Apertura di gioco aperto–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apertura di gioco aperto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ашық дебюттер–قزاقی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ашық дебюттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppent_Spill_(Schach)" title="Oppent Spill (Schach)–لوگزامبورگی" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oppent Spill (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوگزامبورگی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atvira_partija" title="Atvira partija–لیتوانیایی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atvira partija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkl%C4%81t%C4%81s_atkl%C4%81tnes" title="Atklātās atklātnes–لتونیایی" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atklātās atklātnes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لتونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spel" title="Open spel–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Open spel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abertura_aberta" title="Abertura aberta–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abertura aberta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Открытые дебюты–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Открытые дебюты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otvoren%C3%A1_hra" title="Otvorená hra–اسلواکی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Otvorená hra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="اسلواکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ahovska_odprta_otvoritev" title="Šahovska odprta otvoritev–اسلوونیایی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šahovska odprta otvoritev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="اسلوونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Отворене игре (шах)–صربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Отворене игре (шах)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="صربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ppna_spel" title="Öppna spel–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Öppna spel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="திறந்த ஆட்டம்–تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திறந்த ஆட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C4%B1k_Oyun" title="Açık Oyun–ترکی استانبولی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Açık Oyun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی استانبولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Відкриті дебюти–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відкриті дебюти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_cu%E1%BB%99c_m%E1%BB%9F_(c%E1%BB%9D_vua)" title="Khai cuộc mở (cờ vua)–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai cuộc mở (cờ vua)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%80%A7%E5%BC%80%E5%B1%80" title="开放性开局–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="开放性开局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%8D%E5%B1%80" title="開放對局–کانتونی" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="開放對局" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانتونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753060#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ویرایش پیوندهای بین‌زبانی" class="wbc-editpage">ویرایش پیوندها</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضاهای نام"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="دیدن صفحهٔ محتویات [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مقاله</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB:%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" rel="discussion" title="گفتگو پیرامون محتوای صفحه [t]" accesskey="t"><span>بحث</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر گونهٔ زبان" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit" title="ویرایش کد مبدأ این صفحه [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ویرایش</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=history" title="نسخه‌های پیشین این صفحه [h]" accesskey="h"><span>نمایش تاریخچه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ابزارهای صفحه"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ابزارها" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ابزارها</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ابزارها</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">نهفتن</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="گزینه‌های بیشتر" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمل‌ها </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2"><span>خواندن</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit" title="ویرایش کد مبدأ این صفحه [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ویرایش</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=history"><span>نمایش تاریخچه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمومی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="فهرست همهٔ صفحه‌هایی که به این صفحه پیوند می‌دهند [j]" accesskey="j"><span>پیوندها به این صفحه</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" rel="nofollow" title="تغییرات اخیر صفحه‌هایی که این صفحه به آن‌ها پیوند دارد [k]" accesskey="k"><span>تغییرات مرتبط</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ویکی‌پدیا:بارگذاری" title="بارگذاری تصاویر و پرونده‌های دیگر [u]" accesskey="u"><span>بارگذاری پرونده</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87" title="فهرستی از همهٔ صفحه‌های ویژه [q]" accesskey="q"><span>صفحه‌های ویژه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&oldid=24369425" title="پیوند پایدار به این نسخه از این صفحه"><span>پیوند پایدار</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=info" title="اطلاعات بیشتر دربارهٔ این صفحه"><span>اطلاعات صفحه</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF&page=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&id=24369425&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="اطلاعات در خصوص چگونگی یادکرد این صفحه"><span>یادکرد این صفحه</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2"><span>دریافت نشانی کوتاه‌شده</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2"><span>بارگیری کد QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> نسخه‌برداری </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:DownloadAsPdf&page=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>بارگیری به‌صورت PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2&printable=yes" title="نسخهٔ قابل چاپ این صفحه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>نسخهٔ قابل چاپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> در پروژه‌های دیگر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753060" title="پیوند به آیتم متصل‌شدۀ مخزن داده‌ها [g]" accesskey="g"><span>آیتم ویکی‌داده</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ابزارهای صفحه"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ظاهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ظاهر</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">نهفتن</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="fa" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"> <caption>Open Game </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><div style="direction: ltr;"><div class="thumb" style="clear:none;text-align:center;max-width:254px"><div style="line-height:130%"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:white;font-size:88%;border:1px #b0b0b0 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board" style="position:relative"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Chess_rdt45.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="a8 black rook"><img alt="a8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Chess_ndt45.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="b8 black knight"><img alt="b8 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div><div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Chess_blt45.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="f1 white bishop"><img alt="f1 white bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/26px-Chess_blt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/39px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/52px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Chess_nlt45.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="g1 white knight"><img alt="g1 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Chess_rlt45.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="h1 white rook"><img alt="h1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vartical-align:inherit;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption" style="direction:rtl"> </div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>حرکت‌ها </th> <td>1.e4 e5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC" title="دانشنامه گشایش‌های شطرنج">دانشنامه گشایش‌ها</a> </th> <td>C20–C99 </td></tr> <tr> <th>از گشایش </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=King%27s_Pawn_Game&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King's Pawn Game (صفحه وجود ندارد)">King's Pawn Game</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>هم‌معنی(ها) </th> <td>Double King's Pawn Opening <br />Double King's Pawn Game </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/explorer?node=21721&move=2&moves=e4.e5">Chessgames.com opening explorer</a> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>گشایش باز</b> به دسته‌ای از گشایش <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC" title="شطرنج">شطرنج</a> گفته می‌شود که سفید بازی را با حرکت <i>e4</i> آغاز کرده و سیاه با حرکت <i>e5</i> به آن پاسخ می‌دهد.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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