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sizing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: quantitative sizing"> <meta name="keywords" content="quantitative sizing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="quantitative sizing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3746</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: quantitative sizing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3746</span> Quantitative Characterization of Single Orifice Hydraulic Flat Spray Nozzle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Khoo">Y. C. Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20T.%20Lai"> W. T. Lai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The single orifice hydraulic flat spray nozzle was evaluated with two global imaging techniques to characterize various aspects of the resulting spray. The two techniques were high resolution flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A CCD camera with 29 million pixels was used to capture shadowgraph images to realize ligament formation and collapse as well as droplet interaction. Quantitative analysis was performed to give the sizing information of the droplets and ligaments. This camera was then applied with a PIV system to evaluate the overall velocity field of the spray, from nozzle exit to droplet discharge. PIV images were further post-processed to determine the inclusion angle of the spray. The results from those investigations provided significant quantitative understanding of the spray structure. Based on the quantitative results, detailed understanding of the spray behavior was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray" title="spray">spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20visualization" title=" flow visualization"> flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIV" title=" PIV"> PIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadowgraph" title=" shadowgraph"> shadowgraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20sizing" title=" quantitative sizing"> quantitative sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20field" title=" velocity field"> velocity field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11794/quantitative-characterization-of-single-orifice-hydraulic-flat-spray-nozzle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3745</span> Developing Structured Sizing Systems for Manufacturing Ready-Made Garments of Indian Females Using Decision Tree-Based Data Mining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Kausher">Hina Kausher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangita%20Srivastava"> Sangita Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, there is a lack of standard, systematic sizing approach for producing readymade garments. Garments manufacturing companies use their own created size tables by modifying international sizing charts of ready-made garments. The purpose of this study is to tabulate the anthropometric data which covers the variety of figure proportions in both height and girth. 3,000 data has been collected by an anthropometric survey undertaken over females between the ages of 16 to 80 years from some states of India to produce the sizing system suitable for clothing manufacture and retailing. This data is used for the statistical analysis of body measurements, the formulation of sizing systems and body measurements tables. Factor analysis technique is used to filter the control body dimensions from a large number of variables. Decision tree-based data mining is used to cluster the data. The standard and structured sizing system can facilitate pattern grading and garment production. Moreover, it can exceed buying ratios and upgrade size allocations to retail segments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometric%20data" title="anthropometric data">anthropometric data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title=" decision tree"> decision tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garments%20manufacturing" title=" garments manufacturing"> garments manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20systems" title=" sizing systems"> sizing systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ready-made%20garments" title=" ready-made garments"> ready-made garments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108349/developing-structured-sizing-systems-for-manufacturing-ready-made-garments-of-indian-females-using-decision-tree-based-data-mining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3744</span> Sizing of Hybrid Source Battery/Supercapacitor for Automotive Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laid%20Degaa">Laid Degaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Bendjedia"> Bachir Bendjedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassim%20Rizoug"> Nassim Rizoug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Saidane"> Abdelkader Saidane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy storage system is a key aspect for the development of clean cars. The work proposed here deals with the modeling of hybrid storage sources composed of a combination of lithium-ion battery and supercapacitors. Simulation results show the performance of the active model for a hybrid source and confirm the feasibility of our approach. In this context, sizing of the electrical energy supply is carried out. The aim of this sizing is to propose an 'optimal' solution that improves the performance of electric vehicles in term of weight, cost and aging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title=" electric vehicles"> electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20storage" title=" hybrid storage"> hybrid storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitor" title=" supercapacitor"> supercapacitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81313/sizing-of-hybrid-source-batterysupercapacitor-for-automotive-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">794</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3743</span> Multiple-Channel Coulter Counter for Cell Sizing and Enumeration </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Chen">Yu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Jin%20Kim"> Seong-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaehoon%20Chung"> Jaehoon Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High throughput cells counting and sizing are often required for biomedical applications. Here we report design, fabrication and validating of a micro-machined Coulter counter device with multiple-channel to realize such application for low cost. Multiple vertical through-holes were fabricated on a silicon chip, combined with the PDMS micro-fluidics channel that serves as the sensing channel. In order to avoid the crosstalk introduced by the electrical connection, instead of measuring the current passing through, the potential of each channel is monitored, thus the high throughput is possible. A peak of the output potential can be captured when the cell/particle is passing through the microhole. The device was validated by counting and sizing the polystyrene beads with diameter of 6 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm. With the sampling frequency to be set at 100 kHz, up to 5000 counts/sec for each channel can be realized. The counting and enumeration of MCF7 cancer cells are also demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coulter%20counter" title="Coulter counter">Coulter counter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20enumeration" title=" cell enumeration"> cell enumeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20through-put" title=" high through-put"> high through-put</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20sizing" title=" cell sizing"> cell sizing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12788/multiple-channel-coulter-counter-for-cell-sizing-and-enumeration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">612</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3742</span> Multi Objective Simultaneous Assembly Line Balancing and Buffer Sizing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saif%20Ullah">Saif Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan%20Zailin"> Guan Zailin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Xianhao"> Xu Xianhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20Zongdong"> He Zongdong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Baoxi"> Wang Baoxi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assembly line balancing problem is aimed to divide the tasks among the stations in assembly lines and optimize some objectives. In assembly lines the workload on stations is different from each other due to different tasks times and the difference in workloads between stations can cause blockage or starvation in some stations in assembly lines. Buffers are used to store the semi-finished parts between the stations and can help to smooth the assembly production. The assembly line balancing and buffer sizing problem can affect the throughput of the assembly lines. Assembly line balancing and buffer sizing problems have been studied separately in literature and due to their collective contribution in throughput rate of assembly lines, balancing and buffer sizing problem are desired to study simultaneously and therefore they are considered concurrently in current research. Current research is aimed to maximize throughput, minimize total size of buffers in assembly line and minimize workload variations in assembly line simultaneously. A multi objective optimization objective is designed which can give better Pareto solutions from the Pareto front and a simple example problem is solved for assembly line balancing and buffer sizing simultaneously. Current research is significant for assembly line balancing research and it can be significant to introduce optimization approaches which can optimize current multi objective problem in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembly%20line%20balancing" title="assembly line balancing">assembly line balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20sizing" title=" buffer sizing"> buffer sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20solutions" title=" Pareto solutions "> Pareto solutions </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14084/multi-objective-simultaneous-assembly-line-balancing-and-buffer-sizing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3741</span> Prime Mover Sizing for Base-Loaded Combined Heating and Power Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djalal%20Boualili">Djalal Boualili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article considers the problem of sizing prime movers for combined heating and power (CHP) systems operating at full load to satisfy a fraction of a facility's electric load, i.e. a base load. Prime mover sizing is examined using three criteria: operational cost, carbon dioxide emissions (CDE), and primary energy consumption (PEC). The sizing process leads to consider ratios of conversion factors applied to imported electricity to conversion factors applied to fuel consumed. These ratios are labelled RCost, R CDE, R PEC depending on whether the conversion factors are associated with operational cost, CDE, or PEC, respectively. Analytical results show that in order to achieve savings in operational cost, CDE, or PEC, the ratios must be larger than a unique constant R Min that only depends on the CHP components efficiencies. Savings in operational cost, CDE, or PEC due to CHP operation are explicitly formulated using simple equations. This facilitates the process of comparing the tradeoffs of optimizing the savings of one criterion over the other two – a task that has traditionally been accomplished through computer simulations. A hospital building, located in Chlef, Algeria, was used as an example to apply the methodology presented in this article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing" title="sizing">sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20and%20power" title=" heating and power"> heating and power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratios" title=" ratios"> ratios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide%20emissions" title=" carbon dioxide emissions"> carbon dioxide emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14685/prime-mover-sizing-for-base-loaded-combined-heating-and-power-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3740</span> A Comparison Study: Infant and Children’s Clothing Size Charts in South Korea and UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye-Won%20Lim">Hye-Won Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Cassidy"> Tom Cassidy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracy%20Cassidy"> Tracy Cassidy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infant and children’s body shapes are changing constantly while they are growing up into adults and are also distinctive physically between countries. For this reason, optimum size charts which can represent body sizes and shapes of infants and children are required. In this study, investigations of current size charts in South Korea and UK (n=50 each) were conducted for understanding and figuring out the sizing perspectives of the clothing manufacturers. The size charts of the two countries were collected randomly from online shopping websites and those size charts’ average measurements were compared with both national sizing surveys (SizeKorea and Shape GB). The size charts were also classified by age, gender, clothing type, fitting, and other factors. In addition, the key measurement body parts of size charts of each country were determined and those will be suggested for new size charts and sizing system development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infant%20clothing" title="infant clothing">infant clothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%E2%80%99s%20clothing" title=" children’s clothing"> children’s clothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20shapes" title=" body shapes"> body shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20charts" title=" size charts"> size charts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43386/a-comparison-study-infant-and-childrens-clothing-size-charts-in-south-korea-and-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3739</span> Modulation of the Interphase in a Glass Epoxy System: Influence of the Sizing Chemistry on Adhesion and Interfacial Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Assengone%20Otogo%20Be">S. Assengone Otogo Be</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fahs"> A. Fahs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Belec"> L. Belec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Nguyen%20Tien"> T. A. Nguyen Tien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Louarn"> G. Louarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J-F.%20Chailan"> J-F. Chailan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glass fiber-reinforced composite materials have gradually developed in all sectors ranging from consumer products to aerospace applications. However, the weak point is most often the fiber/matrix interface, which can reduce the durability of the composite material. To solve this problem, it is essential to control the interphase and improve our understanding of the adhesion mechanism at the fibre/matrix interface. The interphase properties depend on the nature of the sizing applied on the surface of the glass fibers during their manufacture in order to protect them, facilitate their handling, and ensure fibre/matrix adhesion. The sizing composition, and in particular the nature of the coupling agent and the film-former affects the mechanical properties and the durability of composites. The aim of our study is, therefore, to develop and study composite materials with simplified sizing systems in order to understand how the main constituents modify the mechanical properties and the durability of composites from the nanometric to the macroscopic scale. Two model systems were elaborated: an epoxy matrix reinforced with simplified-sized glass fibres and an epoxy coating applied on glass substrates treated with the same sizings as fibres. For the sizing composition, two configurations were chosen. The first configuration possesses a chemical reactivity to link the glass and the matrix, and the second sizing contains non-reactive agents. The chemistry of the sized glass substrates and fibers was analyzed by FT-IR and XPS spectroscopies. The surface morphology was characterized by SEM and AFM microscopies. The observation of the surface samples reveals the presence of sizings which morphology depends on their chemistry. The evaluation of adhesion of coated substrates and composite materials show good interfacial properties for the reactive configuration. However, the non-reactive configuration exhibits an adhesive rupture at the interface of glass/epoxy for both systems. The interfaces and interphases between the matrix and the substrates are characterized at different scales. Correlations are made between the initial properties of the sizings and the mechanical performances of the model composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesion" title="adhesion">adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface" title=" interface"> interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interphase" title=" interphase"> interphase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20composite" title=" materials composite"> materials composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simplified%20sizing%20systems" title=" simplified sizing systems"> simplified sizing systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135193/modulation-of-the-interphase-in-a-glass-epoxy-system-influence-of-the-sizing-chemistry-on-adhesion-and-interfacial-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3738</span> Elitist Self-Adaptive Step-Size Search in Optimum Sizing of Steel Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O%C4%9Fuzhan%20Hasan%C3%A7ebi">Oğuzhan Hasançebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Kazemzadeh%20Azad"> Saeid Kazemzadeh Azad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <div>This paper covers application of an elitist selfadaptive</div> <div>step-size search (ESASS) to optimum design of steel</div> <div>skeletal structures. In the ESASS two approaches are considered for</div> <div>improving the convergence accuracy as well as the computational</div> <div>efficiency of the original technique namely the so called selfadaptive</div> <div>step-size search (SASS). Firstly, an additional randomness</div> <div>is incorporated into the sampling step of the technique to preserve</div> <div>exploration capability of the algorithm during the optimization.</div> <div>Moreover, an adaptive sampling scheme is introduced to improve the</div> <div>quality of final solutions. Secondly, computational efficiency of the</div> <div>technique is accelerated via avoiding unnecessary analyses during the</div> <div>optimization process using an upper bound strategy. The numerical</div> <div>results demonstrate the usefulness of the ESASS in the sizing</div> <div>optimization problems of steel truss and frame structures.</div> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design%20optimization" title="structural design optimization">structural design optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20sizing" title=" optimal sizing"> optimal sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaheuristics" title=" metaheuristics"> metaheuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-adaptive%20step-size%20search" title=" self-adaptive step-size search"> self-adaptive step-size search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20trusses" title=" steel trusses"> steel trusses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frames" title=" steel frames"> steel frames</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8724/elitist-self-adaptive-step-size-search-in-optimum-sizing-of-steel-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3737</span> Influence of Aluminium on Grain Refinement in As-Rolled Vanadium-Microalloyed Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Mark%20Banks">Kevin Mark Banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dannis%20Rorisang%20Nkarapa%20Maubane"> Dannis Rorisang Nkarapa Maubane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carel%20Coetzee"> Carel Coetzee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of aluminium content, reheating temperature, and sizing (final) strain on the as-rolled microstructure was systematically investigated in vanadium-microalloyed and C-Mn plate steels. Reheating, followed by hot rolling and air cooling simulations were performed on steels containing a range of aluminium and nitrogen contents. Natural air cooling profiles, corresponding to 6 and 20mm thick plates, were applied. The austenite and ferrite/pearlite microstructures were examined using light optical microscopy. Precipitate species and volume fraction were determined on selected specimens. No influence of aluminium content was found below 0.08% on the as-rolled grain size in all steels studied. A low Al-V-steel produced the coarsest initial austenite grain size due to AlN dissolution at low temperatures leading to abnormal grain growth. An Al-free V-N steel had the finest initial microstructure. Although the as-rolled grain size for 20mm plate was similar in all steels tested, the grain distribution was relatively mixed. The final grain size in 6mm plate was similar for most compositions; the exception was an as-cast V low N steel, where the size of the second phase was inversely proportional to the sizing strain. This was attributed to both segregation and a low VN volume fraction available for effective pinning of austenite grain boundaries during cooling. Increasing the sizing strain refined the microstructure significantly in all steels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title="aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size" title=" grain size"> grain size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reheating" title=" reheating"> reheating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20strain" title=" sizing strain"> sizing strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109135/influence-of-aluminium-on-grain-refinement-in-as-rolled-vanadium-microalloyed-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3736</span> Combustion Chamber Sizing for Energy Recovery from Furnace Process Gas: Waste to Energy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balram%20Panjwani">Balram Panjwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Wittgens"> Bernd Wittgens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Erik%20Olsen"> Jan Erik Olsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stein%20Tore%20Johansen"> Stein Tore Johansen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Norwegian ferroalloy industry is a world leader in sustainable production of ferrosilicon, silicon and manganese alloys with the lowest global specific energy consumption. One of the byproducts during the metal reduction process is energy rich off-gas and usually this energy is not harnessed. A novel concept for sustainable energy recovery from ferroalloy off-gas is discussed. The concept is founded on the idea of introducing a combustion chamber in the off-gas section in which energy rich off-gas mainly consisting of CO will be combusted. This will provide an additional degree of freedom for optimizing energy recovery. A well-controlled and high off-gas temperature will assure a significant increase in energy recovery and reduction of emissions to the atmosphere. Design and operation of the combustion chamber depend on many parameters, including the total power capacity of the combustion chamber, sufficient residence time for combusting the complex Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), NOx, as well as converting other potential pollutants. The design criteria for the combustion chamber have been identified and discussed and sizing of the combustion chamber has been carried out considering these design criteria. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been utilized extensively for sizing the combustion chamber. The results from our CFD simulations of the flow in the combustion chamber and exploring different off-gas fuel composition are presented. In brief, the paper covers all aspect which impacts the sizing of the combustion chamber, including insulation thickness, choice of insulating material, heat transfer through extended surfaces, multi-staging and secondary air injection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20chamber" title=" combustion chamber"> combustion chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20furnace" title=" arc furnace"> arc furnace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20recovery" title=" energy recovery"> energy recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33818/combustion-chamber-sizing-for-energy-recovery-from-furnace-process-gas-waste-to-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3735</span> Optimal Placement and Sizing of Energy Storage System in Distribution Network with Photovoltaic Based Distributed Generation Using Improved Firefly Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Ai%20Wong">Ling Ai Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Shareef"> Hussain Shareef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azah%20Mohamed"> Azah Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Asrul%20Ibrahim"> Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The installation of photovoltaic based distributed generation (PVDG) in active distribution system can lead to voltage fluctuation due to the intermittent and unpredictable PVDG output power. This paper presented a method in mitigating the voltage rise by optimally locating and sizing the battery energy storage system (BESS) in PVDG integrated distribution network. The improved firefly algorithm is used to perform optimal placement and sizing. Three objective functions are presented considering the voltage deviation and BESS off-time with state of charge as the constraint. The performance of the proposed method is compared with another optimization method such as the original firefly algorithm and gravitational search algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed optimum BESS location and size improve the voltage stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BESS" title="BESS">BESS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firefly%20algorithm" title=" firefly algorithm"> firefly algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDG" title=" PVDG"> PVDG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20fluctuation" title=" voltage fluctuation"> voltage fluctuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68642/optimal-placement-and-sizing-of-energy-storage-system-in-distribution-network-with-photovoltaic-based-distributed-generation-using-improved-firefly-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3734</span> Hybrid Renewable Energy System Development Towards Autonomous Operation: The Deployment Potential in Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afroditi%20Zamanidou">Afroditi Zamanidou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dionysios%20Giannakopoulos"> Dionysios Giannakopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20Manolitsis"> Konstantinos Manolitsis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A notable amount of electrical energy demand in many countries worldwide is used to cover public energy demand for road, square and other public spaces’ lighting. Renewable energy can contribute in a significant way to the electrical energy demand coverage for public lighting. This paper focuses on the sizing and design of a hybrid energy system (HES) exploiting the solar-wind energy potential to meet the electrical energy needs of lighting roads, squares and other public spaces. Moreover, the proposed HES provides coverage of the electrical energy demand for a Wi-Fi hotspot and a charging hotspot for the end-users. Alongside the sizing of the energy production system of the proposed HES, in order to ensure a reliable supply without interruptions, a storage system is added and sized. Multiple scenarios of energy consumption are assumed and applied in order to optimize the sizing of the energy production system and the energy storage system. A database with meteorological prediction data for 51 areas in Greece is developed in order to assess the possible deployment of the proposed HES. Since there are detailed meteorological prediction data for all 51 areas under investigation, the use of these data is evaluated, comparing them to real meteorological data. The meteorological prediction data are exploited to form three hourly production profiles for each area for every month of the year; minimum, average and maximum energy production. The energy production profiles are combined with the energy consumption scenarios and the sizing results of the energy production system and the energy storage system are extracted and presented for every area. Finally, the economic performance of the proposed HES in terms of Levelized cost of energy is estimated by calculating and assessing construction, operation and maintenance costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20production%20system%20sizing" title="energy production system sizing">energy production system sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greece%E2%80%99s%20deployment%20potential" title=" Greece’s deployment potential"> Greece’s deployment potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorological%20prediction%20data" title=" meteorological prediction data"> meteorological prediction data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind-solar%20hybrid%20energy%20system" title=" wind-solar hybrid energy system"> wind-solar hybrid energy system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levelized%20cost%20of%20energy" title=" levelized cost of energy"> levelized cost of energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143514/hybrid-renewable-energy-system-development-towards-autonomous-operation-the-deployment-potential-in-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3733</span> Hydrodynamic Study and Sizing of a Distillation Column by HYSYS Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derrouazin%20Mohammed%20Redhouane">Derrouazin Mohammed Redhouane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souakri%20Mohammed%20Lotfi"> Souakri Mohammed Lotfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henini%20Ghania"> Henini Ghania</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work consists, first of all, of mastering one of the powerful process simulation tools currently used in the industrial processes, which is the HYSYS sizing software, and second, of simulating a petroleum distillation column. This study is divided into two parts; where the first one consists of a dimensioning of the column with a fast approximating method using state equations, iterative calculations, and then a precise simulation method with the HYSYS software. The second part of this study is a hydrodynamic study in order to verify by obtained results the proper functioning of the plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20process%20engineering" title="industry process engineering">industry process engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20distillation" title=" water distillation"> water distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HYSYS%20simulation%20tool" title=" HYSYS simulation tool"> HYSYS simulation tool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154967/hydrodynamic-study-and-sizing-of-a-distillation-column-by-hysys-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3732</span> A Ground Structure Method to Minimize the Total Installed Cost of Steel Frame Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filippo%20Ranalli">Filippo Ranalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forest%20Flager"> Forest Flager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Fischer"> Martin Fischer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a ground structure method to optimize the topology and discrete member sizing of steel frame structures in order to minimize total installed cost, including material, fabrication and erection components. The proposed method improves upon existing cost-based ground structure methods by incorporating constructability considerations well as satisfying both strength and serviceability constraints. The architecture for the method is a bi-level Multidisciplinary Feasible (MDF) architecture in which the discrete member sizing optimization is nested within the topology optimization process. For each structural topology generated, the sizing optimization process seek to find a set of discrete member sizes that result in the lowest total installed cost while satisfying strength (member utilization) and serviceability (node deflection and story drift) criteria. To accurately assess cost, the connection details for the structure are generated automatically using accurate site-specific cost information obtained directly from fabricators and erectors. Member continuity rules are also applied to each node in the structure to improve constructability. The proposed optimization method is benchmarked against conventional weight-based ground structure optimization methods resulting in an average cost savings of up to 30% with comparable computational efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-based%20structural%20optimization" title="cost-based structural optimization">cost-based structural optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-based%20topology%20and%20sizing" title=" cost-based topology and sizing"> cost-based topology and sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame%20ground%20structure%20optimization" title=" steel frame ground structure optimization"> steel frame ground structure optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20optimization%20of%20steel%20structures" title=" multidisciplinary optimization of steel structures"> multidisciplinary optimization of steel structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73293/a-ground-structure-method-to-minimize-the-total-installed-cost-of-steel-frame-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3731</span> Enhanced Method of Conceptual Sizing of Aircraft Electro-Thermal De-Icing System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shinkafi">Ahmed Shinkafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Lawson"> Craig Lawson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a great advancement towards the All-Electric Aircraft (AEA) technology. The AEA concept assumes that all aircraft systems will be integrated into one electrical power source in the future. The principle of the electro-thermal system is to transfer the energy required for anti/de-icing to the protected areas in electrical form. However, powering a large aircraft anti-icing system electrically could be quite excessive in cost and system weight. Hence, maximising the anti/de-icing efficiency of the electro-thermal system in order to minimise its power demand has become crucial to electro-thermal de-icing system sizing. In this work, an enhanced methodology has been developed for conceptual sizing of aircraft electro-thermal de-icing System. The work factored those critical terms overlooked in previous studies which were critical to de-icing energy consumption. A case study of a typical large aircraft wing de-icing was used to test and validate the model. The model was used to optimise the system performance by a trade-off between the de-icing peak power and system energy consumption. The optimum melting surface temperatures and energy flux predicted enabled the reduction in the power required for de-icing. The weight penalty associated with electro-thermal anti-icing/de-icing method could be eliminated using this method without under estimating the de-icing power requirement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title="aircraft">aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-icing%20system" title=" de-icing system"> de-icing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-thermal" title=" electro-thermal"> electro-thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-flight%20icing" title=" in-flight icing"> in-flight icing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9616/enhanced-method-of-conceptual-sizing-of-aircraft-electro-thermal-de-icing-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3730</span> Stochastic Fleet Sizing and Routing in Drone Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Karimi">Amin Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lele%20Zhang"> Lele Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Fackrell"> Mark Fackrell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural-to-urban population migrations are a global phenomenon, with projections indicating that by 2050, 68% of the world's population will inhabit densely populated urban centers. Concurrently, the popularity of e-commerce shopping has surged, evidenced by a 51% increase in total e-commerce sales from 2017 to 2021. Consequently, distribution and logistics systems, integral to effective supply chain management, confront escalating hurdles in efficiently delivering and distributing products within bustling urban environments. Additionally, events like environmental challenges and the COVID-19 pandemic have indicated that decision-makers are facing numerous sources of uncertainty. Therefore, to design an efficient and reliable logistics system, uncertainty must be considered. In this study, it examine fleet sizing and routing while considering uncertainty in demand rate. Fleet sizing is typically a strategic-level decision, while routing is an operational-level one. In this study, a carrier must make two types of decisions: strategic-level decisions regarding the number and types of drones to be purchased, and operational-level decisions regarding planning routes based on available fleet and realized demand. If the available fleets are insufficient to serve some customers, the carrier must outsource that delivery at a relatively high cost, calculated per order. With this hierarchy of decisions, it can model the problem using two-stage stochastic programming. The first-stage decisions involve planning the number and type of drones to be purchased, while the second-stage decisions involve planning routes. To solve this model, it employ logic-based benders decomposition, which decomposes the problem into a master problem and a set of sub-problems. The master problem becomes a mixed integer programming model to find the best fleet sizing decisions, and the sub-problems become capacitated vehicle routing problems considering battery status. Additionally, it assume a heterogeneous fleet based on load and battery capacity, and it consider that battery health deteriorates over time as it plan for multiple periods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone-delivery" title="drone-delivery">drone-delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20demand" title=" stochastic demand"> stochastic demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VRP" title=" VRP"> VRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fleet%20sizing" title=" fleet sizing"> fleet sizing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182292/stochastic-fleet-sizing-and-routing-in-drone-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3729</span> Optimal Simultaneous Sizing and Siting of DGs and Smart Meters Considering Voltage Profile Improvement in Active Distribution Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Sattarpour">T. Sattarpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Nazarpour"> D. Nazarpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the effect of simultaneous placement of DGs and smart meters (SMs), on voltage profile improvement in active distribution networks (ADNs). A substantial center of attention has recently been on responsive loads initiated in power system problem studies such as distributed generations (DGs). Existence of responsive loads in active distribution networks (ADNs) would have undeniable effect on sizing and siting of DGs. For this reason, an optimal framework is proposed for sizing and siting of DGs and SMs in ADNs. SMs are taken into consideration for the sake of successful implementing of demand response programs (DRPs) such as direct load control (DLC) with end-side consumers. Looking for voltage profile improvement, the optimization procedure is solved by genetic algorithm (GA) and tested on IEEE 33-bus distribution test system. Different scenarios with variations in the number of DG units, individual or simultaneous placing of DGs and SMs, and adaptive power factor (APF) mode for DGs to support reactive power have been established. The obtained results confirm the significant effect of DRPs and APF mode in determining the optimal size and site of DGs to be connected in ADN resulting to the improvement of voltage profile as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20distribution%20network%20%28ADN%29" title="active distribution network (ADN)">active distribution network (ADN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generations%20%28DGs%29" title=" distributed generations (DGs)"> distributed generations (DGs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20meters%20%28SMs%29" title=" smart meters (SMs)"> smart meters (SMs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20response%20programs%20%28DRPs%29" title=" demand response programs (DRPs)"> demand response programs (DRPs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20power%20factor%20%28APF%29" title=" adaptive power factor (APF)"> adaptive power factor (APF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12261/optimal-simultaneous-sizing-and-siting-of-dgs-and-smart-meters-considering-voltage-profile-improvement-in-active-distribution-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3728</span> Optimal Capacitors Placement and Sizing Improvement Based on Voltage Reduction for Energy Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zilaila%20Zakaria">Zilaila Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhd%20Azri%20Abdul%20Razak"> Muhd Azri Abdul Razak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Murtadha%20Othman"> Muhammad Murtadha Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ainor%20Yahya"> Mohd Ainor Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Musirin"> Ismail Musirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mat%20Nasir%20Kari"> Mat Nasir Kari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Fazli%20Osman"> Mohd Fazli Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Zaini%20Hassan"> Mohd Zaini Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baihaki%20Azraee"> Baihaki Azraee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy efficiency can be realized by minimizing the power loss with a sufficient amount of energy used in an electrical distribution system. In this report, a detailed analysis of the energy efficiency of an electric distribution system was carried out with an implementation of the optimal capacitor placement and sizing (OCPS). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) will be used to determine optimal location and sizing for the capacitors whereas energy consumption and power losses minimization will improve the energy efficiency. In addition, a certain number of busbars or locations are identified in advance before the PSO is performed to solve OCPS. In this case study, three techniques are performed for the pre-selection of busbar or locations which are the power-loss-index (PLI). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed to provide a new population with improved sizing and location of capacitors. The total cost of power losses, energy consumption and capacitor installation are the components considered in the objective and fitness functions of the proposed optimization technique. Voltage magnitude limit, total harmonic distortion (THD) limit, power factor limit and capacitor size limit are the parameters considered as the constraints for the proposed of optimization technique. In this research, the proposed methodologies implemented in the MATLAB® software will transfer the information, execute the three-phase unbalanced load flow solution and retrieve then collect the results or data from the three-phase unbalanced electrical distribution systems modeled in the SIMULINK® software. Effectiveness of the proposed methods used to improve the energy efficiency has been verified through several case studies and the results are obtained from the test systems of IEEE 13-bus unbalanced electrical distribution system and also the practical electrical distribution system model of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (SSAAS) government building in Shah Alam, Selangor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title="particle swarm optimization">particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-determine%20of%20capacitor%20locations" title=" pre-determine of capacitor locations"> pre-determine of capacitor locations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20capacitors%20placement%20and%20sizing" title=" optimal capacitors placement and sizing"> optimal capacitors placement and sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20electrical%20distribution%20system" title=" unbalanced electrical distribution system"> unbalanced electrical distribution system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46202/optimal-capacitors-placement-and-sizing-improvement-based-on-voltage-reduction-for-energy-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3727</span> Design and Stability Analysis of Fixed Wing – VTOL UAV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Eldenali">Omar Eldenali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Bufares"> Ahmed M. Bufares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are primarily two types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs), namely, multirotor and fixed wing. Each type has its own advantages. This study introduces a design of a fixed wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV. The design is classified as ready-to-fly (RTF) fixed wing UAV. This means that the UAV is capable of not only taking off, landing, or hovering like a multirotor aircraft but also cruising like a fixed wing UAV. In this study, the conceptual design of 15 kg takeoff weight twin-tail boom configuration FW-VTOL plane is carried out, the initial sizing of the plane is conducted, and both the horizontal and vertical tail configurations are estimated. Moreover, the power required for each stage of flight is determined. Finally, the stability analysis of the plane based on this design is performed, the results shows that this design based on the suggested flight mission is stable and can be utilized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FW-VTOL" title="FW-VTOL">FW-VTOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20sizing" title=" initial sizing"> initial sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constrain%20analysis" title=" constrain analysis"> constrain analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173709/design-and-stability-analysis-of-fixed-wing-vtol-uav" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3726</span> Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators for Profit Maximization Using Firefly Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engy%20Adel%20Mohamed">Engy Adel Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Gamal-Eldin%20Hegazy"> Yasser Gamal-Eldin Hegazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a firefly based algorithm for optimal sizing and allocation of distributed generators for profit maximization. Distributed generators in the proposed algorithm are of photovoltaic and combined heat and power technologies. Combined heat and power distributed generators are modeled as voltage controlled nodes while photovoltaic distributed generators are modeled as constant power nodes. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB environment and tested the unbalanced IEEE 37-node feeder. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in optimal selection of distributed generators size and site in order to maximize the total system profit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generators" title="distributed generators">distributed generators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firefly%20algorithm" title=" firefly algorithm"> firefly algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE%2037-node%20feeder" title=" IEEE 37-node feeder"> IEEE 37-node feeder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit%20maximization" title=" profit maximization"> profit maximization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6198/optimal-sizing-and-placement-of-distributed-generators-for-profit-maximization-using-firefly-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3725</span> A Review of Quantitative Psychology in Our Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Tandon">Shubham Tandon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Goel"> Rajni Goel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prime objective of our review paper is to study the quantitative psychology impact on our daily life. Quantitative techniques have been studied with the aim of discovering solutions in an advanced way. To get the unbiased and correct results, statistics and other useful mathematical aspects have been reviewed. So, many psychologists use quantitative techniques while working in the area of psychology with the aim of discovering solutions in an advanced way. This ensures their accurate outcomes as those will make use of precise criteria in knowing the minds and conditions of any person. Also, proper experimentation and observational tools are taken care of to avoid some possibilities of invalid data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20psychology" title="quantitative psychology">quantitative psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychologists" title=" psychologists"> psychologists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics" title=" statistics"> statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person" title=" person"> person</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=results" title=" results"> results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minds" title=" minds"> minds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155333/a-review-of-quantitative-psychology-in-our-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3724</span> Packaging in the Design Synthesis of Novel Aircraft Configuration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Okonkwo">Paul Okonkwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Smith"> Howard Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study to estimate the size of the cabin and major aircraft components as well as detect and avoid interference between internally placed components and the external surface, during the conceptual design synthesis and optimisation to explore the design space of a BWB, was conducted. Sizing of components follows the Bradley cabin sizing and rubber engine scaling procedures to size the cabin and engine respectively. The interference detection and avoidance algorithm relies on the ability of the Class Shape Transform parameterisation technique to generate polynomial functions of the surfaces of a BWB aircraft configuration from the sizes of the cabin and internal objects using few variables. Interference detection is essential in packaging of non-conventional configuration like the BWB because of the non-uniform airfoil-shaped sections and resultant varying internal space. The unique configuration increases the need for a methodology to prevent objects from being placed in locations that do not sufficiently enclose them within the geometry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging" title="packaging">packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BWB" title=" BWB"> BWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameterisation" title=" parameterisation"> parameterisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20conceptual%20design" title=" aircraft conceptual design"> aircraft conceptual design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33498/packaging-in-the-design-synthesis-of-novel-aircraft-configuration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3723</span> Methodology of Choosing Technology and Sizing of the Hybrid Energy Storage Based on Cost-benefit Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Rafa%C5%82">Krzysztof Rafał</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weronika%20Radziszewska"> Weronika Radziszewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubert%20Biedka"> Hubert Biedka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oskar%20Grabowski"> Oskar Grabowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Mik"> Krzysztof Mik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a method to choose energy storage technologies and their parameters for the economic operation of a microgrid. A grid-connected system with local loads and PV generation is assumed, where an energy storage system (ESS) is attached to minimize energy cost by providing energy balancing and arbitrage functionalities. The ESS operates in a hybrid configuration and consists of two unique technologies operated in a coordinated way. Based on given energy profiles and economical data a model calculates financial flow for ESS investment, including energy cost and ESS depreciation resulting from degradation. The optimization strategy proposes a hybrid set of two technologies with their respective power and energy ratings to minimize overall system cost in a given timeframe. Results are validated through microgrid simulations using real-life input profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title="energy storage">energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20energy%20storage" title=" hybrid energy storage"> hybrid energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-benefit%20analysis" title=" cost-benefit analysis"> cost-benefit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrid" title=" microgrid"> microgrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20sizing" title=" battery sizing"> battery sizing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141372/methodology-of-choosing-technology-and-sizing-of-the-hybrid-energy-storage-based-on-cost-benefit-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3722</span> Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Microgrid for Power Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferinar%20Moaidi">Ferinar Moaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Moaidi"> Mahdi Moaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental issues and the ever-increasing in demand of electrical energy make it necessary to have distributed generation (DG) resources in the power system. In this research, in order to realize the goals of reducing losses and improving the voltage profile in a microgrid, the allocation and sizing of DGs have been used. The proposed Genetic Algorithm (GA) is described from the array of artificial intelligence methods for solving the problem. The algorithm is implemented on the IEEE 33 buses network. This study is presented in two scenarios, primarily to illustrate the effect of location and determination of DGs has been done to reduce losses and improve the voltage profile. On the other hand, decisions made with the one-level assumptions of load are not universally accepted for all levels of load. Therefore, in this study, load modelling is performed and the results are presented for multi-levels load state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrid" title=" microgrid"> microgrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20modelling" title=" load modelling"> load modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20reduction" title=" loss reduction"> loss reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20improvement" title=" voltage improvement"> voltage improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102530/optimal-placement-and-sizing-of-distributed-generation-in-microgrid-for-power-loss-reduction-and-voltage-profile-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3721</span> A Teaching Learning Based Optimization for Optimal Design of a Hybrid Energy System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Rouhani">Ahmad Rouhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Jabbari"> Masood Jabbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Honarmand"> Sima Honarmand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a method to optimal design of a hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel cell generation system for a typical domestic load that is not located near the electricity grid. In this configuration the combination of a battery, an electrolyser, and a hydrogen storage tank are used as the energy storage system. The aim of this design is minimization of overall cost of generation scheme over 20 years of operation. The Matlab/Simulink is applied for choosing the appropriate structure and the optimization of system sizing. A teaching learning based optimization is used to optimize the cost function. An overall power management strategy is designed for the proposed system to manage power flows among the different energy sources and the storage unit in the system. The results have been analyzed in terms of technics and economics. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid system would be a feasible solution for stand-alone applications at remote locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20energy%20system" title="hybrid energy system">hybrid energy system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20sizing" title=" optimum sizing"> optimum sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20management" title=" power management"> power management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLBO" title=" TLBO"> TLBO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35285/a-teaching-learning-based-optimization-for-optimal-design-of-a-hybrid-energy-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3720</span> Using a Quantitative Reasoning Framework to Help Students Understand Arc Measure Relationships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Glassmeyer">David Glassmeyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantitative reasoning is necessary to robustly understand mathematical concepts ranging from elementary to university levels. Quantitative reasoning involves identifying and representing quantities and the relationships between these quantities. Without reasoning quantitatively, students often resort to memorizing formulas and procedures, which have negative impacts when they encounter mathematical topics in the future. This study investigated how high school students’ quantitative reasoning could be fostered within a unit on arc measure and angle relationships. Arc measure, or the measure of a central angle that cuts off a portion of a circle’s circumference, is often confused with arclength. In this study, the researcher redesigned an activity to clearly distinguish arc measure and arc length by using a quantitative reasoning framework. Data were collected from high school students to determine if this approach impacted their understanding of these concepts. Initial data indicates the approach was successful in supporting students’ quantitative reasoning of these topics. Implications for the work are that teachers themselves may also benefit from considering mathematical definitions from a quantitative reasoning framework and can use this activity in their own classrooms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20length" title="arc length">arc length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20measure" title=" arc measure"> arc measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20reasoning" title=" quantitative reasoning"> quantitative reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20content%20knowledge" title=" student content knowledge"> student content knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79132/using-a-quantitative-reasoning-framework-to-help-students-understand-arc-measure-relationships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3719</span> Effect of Different Types of Nano/Micro Fillers on the Interfacial Shear Properties of Polyamide 6 with De-Sized Carbon Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Gabr">Mohamed H. Gabr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoshi%20Uzawa"> Kiyoshi Uzawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aims to investigate the effect of fillers with different geometries and sizes on the interfacial shear properties of PA6 composites with de-sized carbon fiber. The fillers which have been investigated are namely; nano-layer silicates (nanoclay), sub-micro aluminum titanium (ALTi) particles, and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), epoxide group which defined as a sizing agent, has been removed. Sizing removal can reduce the acid parameter of carbon fibers surface promoting bonding strength at the fiber/matrix interface which is a desirable property for the carbon fiber composites. Microdroplet test showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) has been enhanced with the addition of 10wt% ALTi by about 23% comparing with neat PA6. However, with including other types of fillers into PA6, the results did not show enhancement of IFSS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-micro%20particles" title="sub-micro particles">sub-micro particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-composites" title=" nano-composites"> nano-composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20shear%20strength" title=" interfacial shear strength"> interfacial shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyamide%206" title=" polyamide 6"> polyamide 6</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55436/effect-of-different-types-of-nanomicro-fillers-on-the-interfacial-shear-properties-of-polyamide-6-with-de-sized-carbon-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3718</span> Enhancement of Interface Properties of Thermoplastic Composite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyhan%20Ozbask">Reyhan Ozbask</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emek%20Moroydor%20Derin"> Emek Moroydor Derin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Dogu"> Mustafa Dogu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are a limited number of global companies in the world that manufacture and commercially offer thermoplastic composite prepregs in accordance with aerospace requirements. High-performance thermoplastic materials supplied for aerospace structural applications are PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PPS (polyphenylsulfite), PEI (polyetherimide), and PEKK (polyetherketoneketone). Among these, PEEK is the raw material used in the first applications and has started to become widespread. However, the use of these thermoplastic raw materials in composite production is very difficult due to their high processing temperatures and impregnation difficulties. This study, it is aimed to develop carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic PEEK composites that comply with the requirements of the aviation industry that are superior mechanical properties as well as being lightweight. Therefore, it is aimed to obtain high-performance thermoplastic composite materials with improved interface properties by using the sizing method (suspension development through chemical synthesis and functionalization), to optimize the production process. The use of boron nitride nanotube as a bonding agent by modifying its surface constitutes the original aspect of the study as it has not been used in composite production with high-performance thermoplastic materials yet. For this purpose, laboratory-scale studies on the application of thermoplastic compatible sizing will be carried out in order to increase the fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. The method respectively consists of the selection of appropriate sizing type, laboratory-scale carbon fiber (CF) / poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer interface enhancement studies, manufacturing of laboratory-scale BNNT coated CF/PEEK woven prepreg composites and their tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20composite" title="carbon fiber reinforced composite">carbon fiber reinforced composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20enhancement" title=" interface enhancement"> interface enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boron%20nitride%20nanotube" title=" boron nitride nanotube"> boron nitride nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20composite" title=" thermoplastic composite"> thermoplastic composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141518/enhancement-of-interface-properties-of-thermoplastic-composite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3717</span> Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System: System Overview and Sizing Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najiya%20Omar">Najiya Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Aly"> Hamed Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Little"> Timothy Little</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimal size of a photovoltaic (PV) array is considered a critical factor in designing an efficient PV system due to the dependence of the PV cell performance on temperature. A high temperature can lead to voltage losses of solar panels, whereas a low temperature can cause voltage overproduction. There are two possible scenarios of the inverter’s operation in which they are associated with the erroneous calculations of the number of PV panels: 1) If the number of the panels is scant and the temperature is high, the minimum voltage required to operate the inverter will not be reached. As a result, the inverter will shut down. 2) Comparably, if the number of panels is excessive and the temperature is low, the produced voltage will be more than the maximum limit of the inverter which can cause the inverter to get disconnected or even damaged. This article aims to assess theoretical and practical methodologies to calculate size and determine the topology of a PV array. The results are validated by applying an experimental evaluation for a 100 kW Grid-connected PV system for a location in Halifax, Nova Scotia and achieving a satisfactory system performance compared to the previous work done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20PV%20panels" title="sizing PV panels">sizing PV panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20and%20practical%20methodologies" title=" theoretical and practical methodologies"> theoretical and practical methodologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology%20of%20PV%20array" title=" topology of PV array"> topology of PV array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected%20PV" title=" grid-connected PV"> grid-connected PV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130722/grid-connected-photovoltaic-system-system-overview-and-sizing-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20sizing&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20sizing&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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