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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sejarah_awal_(1958-69)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_awal_(1958-69)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sejarah awal (1958-69)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_awal_(1958-69)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DARPA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 47 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="داربا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داربا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%A8ncia_d%27Investigacions_de_Projectes_Avan%C3%A7ats_de_Defensa" title="Agència d'Investigacions de Projectes Avançats de Defensa – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Agència d'Investigacions de Projectes Avançats de Defensa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_Proyectos_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n_Avanzados_de_Defensa" title="Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzados de Defensa – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzados de Defensa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="دارپا – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دارپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E5%B1%80" title="国防高等研究計画局 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国防高等研究計画局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="თავდაცვის მოწინავე კვლევითი პროექტების სააგენტო – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თავდაცვის მოწინავე კვლევითი პროექტების სააგენტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%9C%84%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%B1%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D%EA%B5%AD" title="방위고등연구계획국 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방위고등연구계획국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB" title="ဒါပါ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒါပါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Управление перспективных исследовательских проектов Министерства обороны США – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управление перспективных исследовательских проектов Министерства обороны США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencija_za_napredne_obrambne_analize_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Agencija za napredne obrambne analize Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Agencija za napredne obrambne analize Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="ดาร์ปา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาร์ปา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Агентство передових оборонних дослідницьких проєктів США – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Агентство передових оборонних дослідницьких проєктів США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="ڈارپا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈارپا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_quan_Ch%E1%BB%89_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o_c%C3%A1c_D%E1%BB%B1_%C3%A1n_Nghi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%A9u_Qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng_Ti%C3%AAn_ti%E1%BA%BFn" title="Cơ quan Chỉ đạo các Dự án Nghiên cứu Quốc phòng Tiên tiến – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ quan Chỉ đạo các Dự án Nghiên cứu Quốc phòng Tiên tiến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E7%BD%B2" title="國防高等研究計劃署 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國防高等研究計劃署" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E5%B1%80" title="國防高級研究計劃局 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國防高級研究計劃局" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Informasi lembaga</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dibentuk</th><td class="infobox-data">7 Februari 1958<span class="noprint">; 67 tahun lalu</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1958-02-07</span>)</span> (sebagai ARPA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kantor pusat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pegawai</th><td class="infobox-data">220 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anggaran tahunan</th><td class="infobox-data">$3,427 milyar (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pejabat eksekutif</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Dr. Steven Walker, Direktur<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_DARPA_Bio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_DARPA_Bio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Dr. Peter Highnam, Wakil Direktur</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lembaga induk</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Departemen_Pertahanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat">Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Situs web</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil">DARPA.mil</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DARPA_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DARPA_headquarters.jpg/250px-DARPA_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DARPA_headquarters.jpg/330px-DARPA_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DARPA_headquarters.jpg/500px-DARPA_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Bekas markas besar DARPA di lingkungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Square,_Arlington,_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Square, Arlington, Virginia (halaman belum tersedia)">Virginia Square</a> di Arlington. Badan tersebut saat ini berlokasi di gedung baru di 675 North Randolph St.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Agensi" title="Agensi">agensi</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Pertahanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat">Departemen Pertahanan A.S.</a> yang bertanggung jawab atas pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologi</a> baru untuk digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Militer" title="Militer">militer</a>. </p><p>Awalnya dikenal sebagai Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), agensi tersebut dibentuk pada bulan Februari 1958 oleh Presiden <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> sebagai tanggapan atas peluncuran <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> pada tahun 1957. Dengan bekerja sama dengan mitra akademis, industri, dan pemerintah, DARPA merumuskan dan melaksanakan proyek-proyek penelitian dan pengembangan untuk memperluas batas-batas teknologi dan sains, sering kali melampaui persyaratan <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Amerika_Serikat" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat">militer AS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Commission20083_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commission20083-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Commission20083_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commission20083-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proyek yang didanai DARPA telah menyediakan teknologi signifikan yang mempengaruhi banyak bidang non-militer, seperti jaringan komputer dan basis internet modern, dan antarmuka pengguna grafis di bidang teknologi informasi. </p><p>DARPA bersifat independen dari program penelitian dan pengembangan militer lainnya dan melapor langsung kepada manajemen Departemen Pertahanan senior. DARPA memiliki sekitar 220 karyawan, dan sekitar 100 di antaranya merupakan staf manajemen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nama organisasi berubah beberapa kali dari nama pendiri ARPA: DARPA (Maret 1972), ARPA (Februari 1993), dan DARPA (Maret 1996). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_awal_(1958-69)"><span id="Sejarah_awal_.281958-69.29"></span>Sejarah awal (1958-69)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah awal (1958-69)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah awal (1958-69)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pembentukan Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) diotorisasi oleh Presiden <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> pada tahun 1958 dengan tujuan untuk membentuk dan melaksanakan proyek-proyek penelitian dan pengembangan untuk memperluas batas-batas kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan dan mampu meraih pencapaian jauh melampaui persyaratan dari militer.<sup id="cite_ref-Commission20083_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commission20083-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dua undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan hal ini adalah Otorisasi Konstruksi Militer Tambahan (Angkatan Udara)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Hukum Publik 85-325) dan Instruksi Departemen Pertahanan 5105.15 pada bulan Februari 1958. Penciptaan ARPA secara langsung dikaitkan dengan peluncuran <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik</a> dan kesadaran AS bahwa <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> telah mengembangkan kapasitas untuk secara cepat mengeksploitasi teknologi militer. Pendanaan awal ARPA adalah $ 520 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards20_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direktur pertama ARPA, Roy Johnson, meninggalkan pekerjaan manajemen dengan gaji $ 160.000 di General Electric untuk pekerjaan bergaji $ 18.000 di ARPA.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards21_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards21-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert York (halaman belum tersedia)">Herbert York</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_Nasional_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore">Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore</a> dipekerjakan sebagai asisten ilmiahnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards21a_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards21a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson dan York sama-sama tertarik pada proyek luar angkasa, tetapi ketika <a href="/wiki/Badan_Penerbangan_dan_Antariksa_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat">NASA</a> kemudian didirikan pada tahun 1958, semua proyek luar angkasa dan sebagian besar dana ARPA ditransfer ke sana. Johnson mengundurkan diri dan ARPA kemudian melakukan penelitian dasar yang "berisiko tinggi", "beruntung besar", "memandang jauh ke depan", sebuah postur yang dianut oleh para ilmuwan dan universitas riset Amerika Serikat dengan antusias.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards21,22_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards21,22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direktur kedua ARPA adalah Brigadir Jenderal Austin W. Betts, yang mengundurkan diri pada awal 1961. Ia digantikan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Ruina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Ruina (halaman belum tersedia)">Jack Ruina</a> yang berdinas sampai tahun 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards23,24_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards23,24-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruina, ilmuwan pertama yang mengelola ARPA, berhasil meningkatkan anggarannya menjadi $ 250 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards23_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards23-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruina yang mempekerjakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=JCR_Licklider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JCR Licklider (halaman belum tersedia)">JCR Licklider</a> sebagai administrator pertama dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantor_Teknik_Pemrosesan_Informasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantor Teknik Pemrosesan Informasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kantor Teknik Pemrosesan Informasi</a>, yang memainkan peran penting dalam penciptaan <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, sebuah basis untuk Internet di masa depan.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards27-39_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards27-39-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selain itu, komunitas politik dan pertahanan mengakui perlunya organisasi Departemen Pertahanan tingkat tinggi untuk merumuskan dan melaksanakan proyek-proyek litbang yang akan memperluas batas teknologi di luar persyaratan langsung dan spesifik dari Layanan Militer dan laboratorium mereka. Dalam mengejar misi ini, DARPA telah mengembangkan dan mentransfer program teknologi yang mencakup berbagai disiplin ilmu yang menangani spektrum penuh dari kebutuhan keamanan nasional. </p><p>Dari tahun 1958 hingga 1965, penekanan ARPA berpusat pada isu-isu nasional utama, termasuk ruang, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertahanan_rudal_balistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertahanan rudal balistik (halaman belum tersedia)">pertahanan rudal balistik</a>, dan deteksi <a href="/wiki/Uji_coba_nuklir" title="Uji coba nuklir">uji nuklir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wizards23a_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards23a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selama tahun 1960, semua program ruang angkasa sipilnya dipindahkan ke <a href="/wiki/Badan_Penerbangan_dan_Antariksa_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat">Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional</a> (NASA) dan program ruang angkasa militer ke cabang militer masing-masing. </p><p>Ini memungkinkan ARPA untuk memusatkan upayanya pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_Defender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek Defender (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek Defender</a> (pertahanan terhadap rudal balistik), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_Vela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek Vela (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek Vela</a> (deteksi uji nuklir), dan program-program <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_AGILE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek AGILE (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek AGILE</a> (litbang <a href="/wiki/Penumpasan_pemberontakan" title="Penumpasan pemberontakan">kontra-pemberontakan</a>), dan untuk mulai bekerja pada pemrosesan komputer, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_perilaku" title="Ilmu perilaku">ilmu perilaku</a>, dan ilmu material. Program DEFENDER dan AGILE membentuk dasar dari litbang sensor, <a href="/wiki/Pengawasan" title="Pengawasan">pengawasan</a>, dan energi terarah DARPA, khususnya dalam studi <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, penginderaan <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a>, dan deteksi <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar</a><a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">-x</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar gamma</a>. </p><p>ARPA pada titik ini (1959) memainkan peran awal dalam program <a href="/wiki/Transit_(satelit)" title="Transit (satelit)">Transit</a> (juga disebut NavSat), pendahulu dari <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pemosisi_Global" title="Sistem Pemosisi Global">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Maju ke tahun 1959 ketika upaya bersama antara DARPA dan Laboratorium Fisika Terapan Johns Hopkins mulai menyempurnakan penemuan para penjelajah sebelumnya. TRANSIT, disponsori oleh Angkatan Laut dan dikembangkan di bawah kepemimpinan Dr. Richard Kirschner di Johns Hopkins, adalah sistem penentuan posisi berbasis satelit pertama."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gap_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gap-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARPA-E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARPA-E (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Proyek Penelitian Lanjutan – Energi</a> (ARPA-E)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HSARPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSARPA (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Proyek Penelitian Lanjutan Keamanan Dalam Negeri</a> (HSARPA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktivitas_Proyek_Riset_Intelijen_Lanjutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktivitas Proyek Riset Intelijen Lanjutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Aktivitas Proyek Penelitian Intelijen Lanjutan</a> (IARPA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komando_Pengembangan_Tempur_Korps_Marinir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komando Pengembangan Tempur Korps Marinir (halaman belum tersedia)">Komando Pengembangan Tempur Korps Marinir</a> (MCCDC)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratorium_Perang_Korps_Marinir_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratorium Perang Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laboratorium Perang Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat</a> (MCWL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantor_Penelitian_Angkatan_Laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantor Penelitian Angkatan Laut (halaman belum tersedia)">Kantor Penelitian Angkatan Laut</a> (ONR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">Laboratorium Penelitian Angkatan Laut</a> (NRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Laboratorium Penelitian Angkatan Udara</a> (AFRL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Senjata_Nuklir_Angkatan_Udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Senjata Nuklir Angkatan Udara (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Senjata Nuklir Angkatan Udara</a> (NWC)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komando_Penelitian,_Pengembangan_dan_Teknik_Angkatan_Darat_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komando Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Teknik Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Komando Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Rekayasa Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat</a> (RDECOM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratorium_Penelitian_Angkatan_Darat_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratorium Penelitian Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laboratorium Penelitian Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat</a> (ARL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Penelitian,_Pengembangan_dan_Rekayasa_Persenjataan_Angkatan_Darat_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Rekayasa Persenjataan Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Rekayasa Persenjataan Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat</a> (ARDEC)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Penelitian_dan_Pengembangan_Insinyur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Insinyur (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Insinyur</a> (ERDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_Nasional_Los_Alamos" title="Laboratorium Nasional Los Alamos">Laboratorium Nasional Los Alamos</a> (LANL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_Nasional_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore">Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore</a> (LLNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley</a> (LBNL atau LBL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratorium_Nasional_Barat_Laut_Pasifik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratorium Nasional Barat Laut Pasifik (halaman belum tersedia)">Laboratorium Nasional Barat Laut Pasifik</a> (PNNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Laboratorium Nasional Sandia</a> (SNL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stasiun_Senjata_Udara_Angkatan_Laut_China_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stasiun Senjata Udara Angkatan Laut China Lake (halaman belum tersedia)">Stasiun Senjata Udara Angkatan Laut China Lake</a> (NAWS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/about-darpa">"About Us"</a>. <i>Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</i>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Advanced+Research+Projects+Agency&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft.chron=n.d.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-darpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113025428/http://www.darpa.mil/about-us/budget">"Budget"</a>. <i>Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</i>. n.d. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/budget">versi asli</a> tanggal April 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Advanced+Research+Projects+Agency&rft.atitle=Budget&rft.chron=n.d.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2Fabout-us%2Fbudget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker_DARPA_Bio-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walker_DARPA_Bio_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223015735/http://www.darpa.mil/staff/dr-steven-h-walker">"Dr. Steven H. Walker"</a>. <i>Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</i>. n.d. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/staff/dr-steven-h-walker">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Advanced+Research+Projects+Agency&rft.atitle=Dr.+Steven+H.+Walker&rft.chron=n.d.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2Fstaff%2Fdr-steven-h-walker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commission20083-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commission20083_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commission20083_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commission20083_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwight D. Eisenhower and Science & Technology, (2008). Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027163454/http://eisenhowermemorial.org/onepage/IKE%20%26%20Science.Oct08.EN.FINAL%20%28v2%29.pdf">Source</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/about-darpa">"About DARPA"</a>. <i>www.darpa.mil</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2018-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.darpa.mil&rft.atitle=About+DARPA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-darpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Subcommittee On Military Construction, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Fiscal_year_1958_supplemental_military_c.html?id=N-IPAAAAIAAJ"><i>Fiscal Year 1958 Supplemental Military Construction Authorization (Air Force): Hearings, Eighty-fifth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 9739</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiscal+Year+1958+Supplemental+Military+Construction+Authorization+%28Air+Force%29%3A+Hearings%2C+Eighty-fifth+Congress%2C+Second+Session%2C+on+H.R.+9739&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Subcommittee+On+Military+Construction&rft.aufirst=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Committee+on+Armed+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FFiscal_year_1958_supplemental_military_c.html%3Fid%3DN-IPAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards20-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards20_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"$ 520 million appropriation and a $ 2 billion budget plan." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (p. 20). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards21-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards21_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Roy Johnson, ARPA’s first director, was, like his boss, a businessman. At age fifty-two, he had been personally recruited by McElroy, who convinced him to leave a $160,000 job with General Electric and take an $18,000 job in Washington." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (p. 21). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards21a-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards21a_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Herbert York, whom Killian had been keen on, was given the job and moved to ARPA from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (p. 21). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards21,22-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards21,22_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The staff of ARPA saw an opportunity to redefine the agency as a group that would take on the really advanced "far-out" research....The scientific community, predictably, rallied to the call for a reinvention of ARPA as a "high-risk high-gain" research sponsor— the kind of R& D shop they had dreamed of all along" Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (pp. 21,22). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards23,24-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards23,24_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In early 1961 ARPA’s second director, Brigadier General Austin W. Betts, resigned" Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (pp. 23,24) Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards23-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards23_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ruina raised ARPA’s annual budget to $ 250 million." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (p. 23). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards27-39-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards27-39_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"J. C. R. Licklider." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet</i> (pp. 27–39). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards23a-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards23a_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">projects in ballistic missile defense and nuclear test detection, couched in terms of basic research, were the top priorities." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). <i>Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet</i> (p. 23). Simon & Schuster. Kindle edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Helen E. Worth; Mame Warren (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226045330/http://space50.jhuapl.edu/pdfs/book.pdf"><i>Transit to Tomorrow. Fifty Years of Space Research at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space50.jhuapl.edu/pdfs/book.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2020-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transit+to+Tomorrow.+Fifty+Years+of+Space+Research+at+The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Applied+Physics+Laboratory&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Helen+E.+Worth&rft.au=Mame+Warren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace50.jhuapl.edu%2Fpdfs%2Fbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Catherine Alexandrow (Apr 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629003311/http://www.darpa.mil/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2565">"The Story of GPS"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2565">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-06-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+GPS&rft.date=2008-04&rft.au=Catherine+Alexandrow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2FWorkArea%2FDownloadAsset.aspx%3Fid%3D2565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gap-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gap_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110506103713/http://www.darpa.mil/About/History/First_50_Years.aspx"><i>DARPA: 50 Years of Bridging the Gap</i></a>. Apr 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/about/history/first_50_years.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-05-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DARPA%3A+50+Years+of+Bridging+the+Gap&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Ffirst_50_years.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Belfiore, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/departmentofmads00belf"><i>The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA Is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs</i></a>. Harper. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780061577932" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780061577932">9780061577932</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/310399265">310399265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Department+of+Mad+Scientists%3A+How+DARPA+Is+Remaking+Our+World%2C+from+the+Internet+to+Artificial+Limbs&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310399265&rft.isbn=9780061577932&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdepartmentofmads00belf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Saletan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Saletan (halaman belum tersedia)">William Saletan</a> writes of Belfiore's book that "His tone is reverential and at times breathless, but he captures the agency’s essential virtues: boldness, creativity, agility, practicality and speed." (<cite class="citation news">Saletan, William (December 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/books/review/Saletan-t.html">"The Body Electric"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Body+Electric&rft.date=2009-12-24&rft.aulast=Saletan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F27%2Fbooks%2Freview%2FSaletan-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>)</li> <li>Castell, Manuel, <i>The Network Society: A Cross-cultural Perspective</i>, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK, 2004.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Jacobsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie Jacobsen (halaman belum tersedia)">Jacobsen, Annie</a>, <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pentagonsbrainun0000jaco"><i>The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top-Secret Military Research Agency</i></a>. Little, Brown and Company. 2015. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0316371769" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0316371769">0316371769</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/900012161">900012161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pentagon%27s+Brain%3A+An+Uncensored+History+of+DARPA%2C+America%27s+Top-Secret+Military+Research+Agency&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F900012161&rft.isbn=0316371769&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpentagonsbrainun0000jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news">Sedgwick, John (August 1991). "The Men from DARPA". <i>Playboy Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playboy+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Men+from+DARPA&rft.date=1991-08&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharon_Weinberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharon Weinberger (halaman belum tersedia)">Weinberger, Sharon</a>, <i>The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency that Changed the World</i>, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780385351799" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780385351799</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27104152">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #333;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"><span style="">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/">DARPA Home Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/our-research">Ongoing Research Programs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Science_and_Technology/DARPA/">Declassified DARPA documents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130712233031/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Science_and_Technology/DARPA/">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-07-12 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., OSD & Joint Staff FOIA Service</li> <li>Klabukov, I., Alekhin, M., Nekhina, A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=2439081">Review of DARPA FY 2015 Research Programs</a>. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2439081</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/SETA_Support_DARPA_FY2010_FY2015_Data_Base/4759186">DARPA SETA Support FY2010 / FY2015 Database</a>. figshare.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DARPA&oldid=22876125">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DARPA&oldid=22876125</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:DARPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:DARPA (halaman belum tersedia)">DARPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Proyek_penelitian" title="Kategori:Proyek penelitian">Proyek penelitian</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pranala_kategori_Commons_ada_di_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata">Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_yang_menggunakan_pranala_magis_ISBN" title="Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN">Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 6 Februari 2023, pukul 10.17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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