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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_der_Demokratien_und_der_Unterschiede" title="Europa der Demokratien und der Unterschiede – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europa der Demokratien und der Unterschiede" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_por_la_Europa_de_las_Democracias_y_de_las_Diferencias" title="Grupo por la Europa de las Democracias y de las Diferencias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grupo por la Europa de las Democracias y de las Diferencias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADropo_de_Demokratio_kaj_Diferencoj" title="Eŭropo de Demokratio kaj Diferencoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭropo de Demokratio kaj Diferencoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_pour_l%27Europe_des_d%C3%A9mocraties_et_des_diff%C3%A9rences" title="Groupe pour l'Europe des démocraties et des différences – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe pour l'Europe des démocraties et des différences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_delle_Democrazie_e_delle_Diversit%C3%A0" title="Europa delle Democrazie e delle Diversità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Europa delle Democrazie e delle Diversità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokr%C3%A1ci%C3%A1k_%C3%A9s_Sokf%C3%A9les%C3%A9gek_Eur%C3%B3p%C3%A1ja" title="Demokráciák és Sokféleségek Európája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Demokráciák és Sokféleségek Európája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_van_Democratie%C3%ABn_in_Diversiteit" title="Europa van Democratieën in Diversiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Europa van Democratieën in Diversiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former Eurosceptic political group of the European Parliament (1999–2004)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#efefef">Europe of Democracies and Diversities</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#efefef"><b><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Group_for_a_Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/Logo_of_the_Group_for_a_Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities.png/190px-Logo_of_the_Group_for_a_Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/Logo_of_the_Group_for_a_Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities.png/285px-Logo_of_the_Group_for_a_Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c5/Logo_of_the_Group_for_a_Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data fn org">Europe of Democracies and Diversities</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English abbr.</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">EDD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">French abbr.</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">EDD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formal name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Europe of Democracies and Diversities Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ideology</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independent_Democrats_in_Europe" title="Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe">Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">From</th><td class="infobox-data">20 July 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999-07-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">To</th><td class="infobox-data">20 July 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2004-07-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independents_for_a_Europe_of_Nations" title="Independents for a Europe of Nations">Group of Independents for a Europe of Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independence/Democracy" title="Independence/Democracy">Independence/Democracy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chaired by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jens-Peter_Bonde" title="Jens-Peter Bonde">Jens-Peter Bonde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 (20 July 1999)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.eu.int/edd/">europarl.eu.int/edd</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Europe of Democracies and Diversities</b> (EDD) was an <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Eurosceptic</a><sup id="cite_ref-PhinnemoreMcGowan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhinnemoreMcGowan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thorlakson2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorlakson2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">political group</a> with seats in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> between 1999 and 2004. Following the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004 European elections</a>, the group reformed as <a href="/wiki/Independence/Democracy" title="Independence/Democracy">Independence/Democracy</a> (IND/DEM).<sup id="cite_ref-PhinnemoreMcGowan_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhinnemoreMcGowan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members">Members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th colspan="3">Name </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th>Membership </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">MEPs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <th style="background:#0049A1"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunting,_Fishing,_Nature,_Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition">Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition</a> </td> <td>CPNT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>1999–2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0049A1; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <th style="background:#AAF0D1"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/June_Movement" title="June Movement">June Movement</a> </td> <td>JB </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>1999–2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #AAF0D1; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <th style="background:#00a7eb"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Union – Reformed Political Party">Christian Union – Reformed Political Party</a> </td> <td>CU–SGP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>1999–2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00a7eb; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <th style="background:#6D3177"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> </td> <td>UKIP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>1999–2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6D3177; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <th style="background:#d4337a"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_against_the_EU" title="People's Movement against the EU">People's Movement against the EU</a> </td> <td>FmEU </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>1999–2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d4337a; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <th style="background:#003399"> </th> <td>Combats Souverainistes </td> <td>CS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>2001–2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #003399; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <th style="background:#2DA0D2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/League_of_Polish_Families" title="League of Polish Families">League of Polish Families</a> </td> <td>LPR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> </td> <td>May–July 2004 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 626</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #2DA0D2; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PhinnemoreMcGowan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PhinnemoreMcGowan_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PhinnemoreMcGowan_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_PhinnemoreLee_McGowan2013" class="citation book cs1">David Phinnemore; Lee McGowan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m9EB7e8pgywC&pg=PA276"><i>A Dictionary of the European Union</i></a>. Routledge. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-08127-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-08127-0"><bdi>978-1-135-08127-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+European+Union&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-08127-0&rft.au=David+Phinnemore&rft.au=Lee+McGowan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm9EB7e8pgywC%26pg%3DPA276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+of+Democracies+and+Diversities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorlakson2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thorlakson2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLori_Thorlakson2013" class="citation book cs1">Lori Thorlakson (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mTndAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT72">"Federalism and the European party system"</a>. In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). <i>Towards a Federal Europe</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-99818-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-99818-1"><bdi>978-1-317-99818-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Federalism+and+the+European+party+system&rft.btitle=Towards+a+Federal+Europe&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-317-99818-1&rft.au=Lori+Thorlakson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmTndAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+of+Democracies+and+Diversities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/groups/accounts_en.htm">European Parliament Annual Accounts of Political Groups</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe-politique.eu/groupe-independance-democratie.htm">Europe Politique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/term4/view.do?language=EN&id=1275">European Parliament profile of Jens-Peter Bonde</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517163147/http://www.kas.de/wf/de/71.4504/">Entry on Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Parliament_groups" title="Template:European Parliament groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Parliament_groups" title="Template talk:European Parliament groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Parliament_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Parliament groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party</a> (188)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a> (136)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a> (86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a> (78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> (77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> (53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL</a> (46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_Group" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations Group">Europe of Sovereign Nations</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> (30)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Previous_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Previous groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalists / far-right</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodroite" title="Eurodroite">Eurodroite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Right_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="European Right (1984–1989)">European Right (1984–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Right_(1989%E2%80%931994)" title="European Right (1989–1994)">European Right (1989–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity,_Tradition,_Sovereignty" title="Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty">Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom (2015–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy (2019–2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National conservatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Union" title="European Democratic Union">European Democratic Union (1965–1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Progressive_Democrats" title="European Progressive Democrats">European Progressive Democrats (1973–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Democratic Alliance">European Democratic Alliance (1984–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe" title="Union for Europe">Union for Europe (1995–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Union for Europe of the Nations">Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian democrats / conservatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group#History" title="European People's Party Group">Christian Democrats (1953–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group#History" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party (1979–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives" title="European Conservatives">European Conservatives (1973–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democrats" title="European Democrats">European Democrats (1979–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Europa" title="Forza Europa">Forza Europa (1994–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group#History" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party–European Democrats (1999–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberals / centrists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">Liberals and Allies (1953–1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">Liberals and Democrats (1976–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group (1985–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Radical_Alliance" title="European Radical Alliance">European Radical Alliance (1994–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (1994–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2004–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social democrats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats#History" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Socialists (1953–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats#History" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Party of European Socialists (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communists / far-left</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_and_Allies_Group" title="Communist and Allies Group">Communists and Allies (1973–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left_(1989%E2%80%931993)" title="European United Left (1989–1993)">European United Left (1989–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Unity_(European_Parliament)" title="Left Unity (European Parliament)">Left Unity (1989–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left_(1994%E2%80%931995)" title="European United Left (1994–1995)">European United Left (1994–1995)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greens / regionalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Group_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="Rainbow Group (1984–1989)">Rainbow Group (1984–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Group_(1989%E2%80%931994)" title="Rainbow Group (1989–1994)">Rainbow Group (1989–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Group_in_the_European_Parliament" title="The Green Group in the European Parliament">Greens (1989–1999)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurosceptics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations" title="Europe of Nations">Europe of Nations (1994–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independents_for_a_Europe_of_Nations" title="Independents for a Europe of Nations">Independents for a Europe of Nations (1996–1999)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Europe of Democracies and Diversities (1999–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence/Democracy" title="Independence/Democracy">Independence/Democracy (2004–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (2014–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heterogeneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1979%E2%80%931984)" title="Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)">Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1987)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical Group of Independents (1987) (page does not exist)">Technical Group of Independents (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1999%E2%80%932001)" title="Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)">Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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