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Global Volcanism Program | Upolu
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The most extensive activity during the Pleistocene took place along a 20-km segment along the central axis of the island. Following a lengthy period of erosion, the latest lava flows, at least three of which were estimated to be as young as a few hundred to a few thousand years old, were erupted from vents near the crest of the island at its center and western side (Stearns, 1944). One of the youngest flows reached the north-central coast along a roughly 1.5-km-wide front east of Vailele Bay, and another traveled down the Lefaga River channel and reached the SW coast at Lefaga Bay. Apolima Island off the western tip of Upolu is a Holocene tuff cone too young to be fringed by a coral reef, and other reef-free areas along the coastline may be formed by Holocene lava flows. 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class="volcano-image-container"> <img class="volcano-image" src="/gallery/photos/GVP-11916.jpg" alt="Photo of this volcano"><br /> </div> <div class="volcano-links-container"> <a href="/ge/volcano_placemark.cfm?vn=244030"> <div class="volcano-links-icon"><img src="/includes/images/favicon.ico" alt="Google Earth icon"></div> <div class="volcano-links-text"> Google Earth Placemark with Features</div> </a> <a href="gvp_votw.cfm?vn=244030" target="_blank"> <div class="volcano-links-icon"><img src="/includes/images/Rokey_Candy_Doc-icon32.png" alt="Citation icon"></div> <div class="volcano-links-text"> Cite Volcano Profile</div> </a> </div> <div class="volcano-info-table"> <ul> <li class="shaded"><a href='\volcanolist_countries.cfm?country=Samoa'>Samoa</a></li> <li class="shaded"><a href='\volcanolist_regions.cfm?RegionGroup=Southern Pacific Volcanic Regions'>Samoan Hotspot Volcano Group</a></li> <li class="shaded">Shield | Shield</li> <li class="shaded">Unknown - Evidence Credible</li> </ul> <ul> <li class="title">Country</li> <li class="title">Volcanic Region</li> <li class="title">Landform | Volc Type</li> <li class="title">Last Known Eruption</li> </ul> </div> <div class="volcano-subinfo-table"> <ul> <li class="clear">13.935°S</li> <li class="clear">171.72°W</li> <li class="clear"><hr/></li> <li class="clear">1,100 m<br/>3,609 ft</li> <li class="clear"><hr/></li> <li class="clear">244030</li> </ul> <ul> <li class="title">Latitude</li> <li class="title">Longitude</li> <li class="title"><hr/></li> <li class="title">Summit<br/>Elevation</li> <li class="title"><hr/></li> <li class="title">Volcano<br/>Number</li> </ul> </div> <div id="bingmap" class="volcano-map-container"></div> <br> <div class="tabbed-box"> <ul class="taba"> <li class="widefive"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030">Latest Activity Reports</a></li> <li class="widefive"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Weekly">Weekly Reports</a></li> <li class="widefive"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Bulletin">Bulletin Reports</a></li> <li class="widefive"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Subfeatures">Synonyms & Subfeatures</a></li> <li class="widefive"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=GeneralInfo">General Information</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Eruptions">Eruptive History</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Deformation">Deformation History</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Emissions">Emission History</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Photos">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Maps">Map Holdings</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=Samples">Sample Collection</a></li> <li class="wideseven"><a href="volcano.cfm?vn=244030&vtab=External">External Sites</a></li> </ul> <div class="tabbed-content"> <p>The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Upolu.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <p>The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Upolu.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <p>The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Upolu.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <p>This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.</p> <table class="DivTable" title="Synonyms and Subfeatures table for this volcano" role="presentation"> <tr> <td colspan="5"><br /><h5>Cones</h5></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Wide20pct"><strong>Feature Name</strong></td> <td class="Wide20pct"><strong>Feature Type</strong></td> <td class="Wide20pct"><strong>Elevation</strong></td> <td class="Wide20pct"><strong>Latitude</strong></td> <td class="Wide20pct"><strong>Longitude</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td> Afolau </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 52' 1.00" S</td> <td>172° 0' 29.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Apolima </td> <td>Tuff cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 49' 30.00" S</td> <td>172° 9' 25.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Fanuatapu </td> <td>Tuff ring</td> <td></td> <td>14° 1' 1.00" S</td> <td>171° 23' 6.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Fiamoe </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 55' 23.00" S</td> <td>171° 47' 31.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Fito </td> <td>Pyroclastic cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 56' 6.00" S</td> <td>171° 43' 1.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Fogalepulu </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 58' 55.00" S</td> <td>171° 33' 0.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Laloanea </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 55' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 50' 13.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lano-o-Lepa </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>14° 0' 11.00" S</td> <td>171° 30' 4.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lano-o-Moa </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>14° 1' 41.00" S</td> <td>171° 26' 53.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lanuata'ata </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 54' 47.00" S</td> <td>171° 50' 38.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lanuto'o, Lake </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 54' 47.00" S</td> <td>171° 49' 26.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lauti </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 53' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 59' 10.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lua-o-Fafine </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>14° 2' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 27' 7.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lua-o-Tane </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>14° 2' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 26' 53.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Maliota </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 53' 17.00" S</td> <td>171° 54' 25.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Mauga Ali'i </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 58' 19.00" S</td> <td>171° 34' 8.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Mauga-o-Savai'i </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>14° 0' 7.00" S</td> <td>171° 31' 0.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Monono Island </td> <td>Lava cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 51' 0.00" S</td> <td>172° 7' 0.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Namu'a </td> <td>Tuff ring</td> <td></td> <td>14° 1' 23.00" S</td> <td>171° 24' 0.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Nu'ulua </td> <td>Tuff ring</td> <td></td> <td>14° 4' 23.00" S</td> <td>171° 23' 42.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Nu'utele <br /> Vini </td> <td>Tuff ring</td> <td></td> <td>14° 3' 47.00" S</td> <td>171° 24' 29.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Pue, Le </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 56' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 44' 42.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Seuga </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 59' 53.00" S</td> <td>171° 31' 55.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Siga'ele </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 54' 18.00" S</td> <td>171° 52' 5.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Taito'elau </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 54' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 53' 53.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Tiatala </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>14° 0' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 30' 25.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Upolu, Tafua </td> <td>Pyroclastic cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 52' 37.00" S</td> <td>171° 57' 43.00" W</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Viatoa </td> <td>Cone</td> <td></td> <td>13° 55' 0.00" S</td> <td>171° 46' 0.00" W</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <table class="DivTable" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="DivTable35"> <table class="DivTable" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr><td colspan="2"><h5>Basic Data</h5></td></tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Volcano Number</strong><br /><br /> <strong>Last Known Eruption</strong><br /><br /> <strong>Elevation</strong><br /><br /> <strong>Latitude</strong><br /> <strong>Longitude</strong> </td> <td> 244030<br /><br /> Unknown - Evidence Credible<br /><br /> 1,100 m / 3,609 ft<br /><br /> 13.935°S<br /> 171.72°W </td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><h5>Morphology</h5></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><strong>Volcano Landform</strong><br />Shield</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><strong>Volcano Types</strong><br />Shield<br />Pyroclastic cone(s)</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><h5>Rock Types</h5></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><strong>Major</strong><br />Basalt / Picro-Basalt</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><strong>Minor</strong><br />Andesite / Basaltic Andesite<br />Trachyandesite / Basaltic Trachyandesite<br />Trachyte / Trachydacite</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><h5>Tectonic Setting</h5></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">Subduction zone<br />Oceanic crust (< 15 km)</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><h5>Population</h5></td></tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Within 5 km</strong><br /> <strong>Within 10 km</strong><br /> <strong>Within 30 km</strong><br /> <strong>Within 100 km</strong> </td> <td> 680<br /> 13,753<br /> 144,419<br /> 198,677 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <td> <table class="DivTable" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr><td><h5>Geological Summary</h5></td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>The massive, basaltic shield volcano forming 75-km-long Upolu Island in Samoa is elongated in an E-W direction and was constructed during two periods of extensive eruptions during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The most extensive activity during the Pleistocene took place along a 20-km segment along the central axis of the island. Following a lengthy period of erosion, the latest lava flows, at least three of which were estimated to be as young as a few hundred to a few thousand years old, were erupted from vents near the crest of the island at its center and western side (Stearns, 1944). One of the youngest flows reached the north-central coast along a roughly 1.5-km-wide front east of Vailele Bay, and another traveled down the Lefaga River channel and reached the SW coast at Lefaga Bay. Apolima Island off the western tip of Upolu is a Holocene tuff cone too young to be fringed by a coral reef, and other reef-free areas along the coastline may be formed by Holocene lava flows. </p> </td> </tr> <tr><td><h5>References</h5></td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.</p> <p>IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. <em>IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior</em>. </p> <p>Kear D, Wood B L, 1959. The geology and hydrology of western Samoa. <em>New Zeal Geol Surv Bull</em>, 63: 1-92. </p> <p>Nemeth K, Cronin S J, Lolo F, Leavasa M, Solomona D S, Nelson F, 2007. Volcanic evolution, oral traditions of volcanism of Western Samoa (SW Pacific) and their volcanic hazard implications. <em>Geol Soc New Zeal, New Zeal Geophys Soc Joint Annual Conf, Prog Abs</em>, p 113. </p> <p>Stearns H T, 1944. Geology of the Samoan Islands. <em>Geol Soc Amer Bull</em>, 55: 1279-1332. </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>Eruptive History</h5> <br /> <p>The Global Volcanism Program is not aware of any Holocene eruptions from Upolu. If this volcano has had large eruptions (VEI >= 4) prior to 12,000 years ago, information might be found on the <a href="https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/searchVOGRIPA.cfc?method=detail&id=993" target="_blank">Upolu page</a> in the LaMEVE (Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions) database, a part of the <a href="https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/">Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA)</a>.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>Deformation History</h5> <br /> <p>There is no Deformation History data available for Upolu.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>Emission History</h5> <br /> <p>There is no Emissions History data available for Upolu.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>Photo Gallery</h5> <br /> <span class="linkButton-Thumb2"> <a href="/gallery/ShowImage.cfm?photo=GVP-10462" target="_blank"><img src="/gallery/thumbs/GVP-10462.jpg">The massive, basaltic shield volcano forming 75-km-long Upolu Island in Samoa is seen in this Space Shuttle view (with north to the upper left). The youngest lava flows, erupted after a lengthy period of erosion, originated from vents near the crest of the island and may be only a few hundred to a few thousand years old. Apolima Island, the small circular island west of reef-bounded Manono Island off the western tip of Upolu (lower right), is a Holocene tuff cone too young to be fringed by a coral reef.<br /><br /> NASA Space Shuttle image STS111-715-29, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).</a> </span> <span class="linkButton-Thumb2"> <a href="/gallery/ShowImage.cfm?photo=GVP-11916" target="_blank"><img src="/gallery/thumbs/GVP-11916.jpg">The forested scoria cone of Tafua Upolu rises near the western tip of 75-km-long Upolu Island in Samoa. The shield volcano is elongated in an E-W direction and was constructed during two periods of extensive eruptions during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Following a lengthy period of erosion, the latest lava flows, at least three of which were estimated to be as young as a few hundred to a few thousand years old, were erupted from vents near the crest of the island at its center and western side.<br /><br /> Photo by Karoly Nemeth (Massey University).</a> </span> <span class="linkButton-Thumb2"> <a href="/gallery/ShowImage.cfm?photo=GVP-12404" target="_blank"><img src="/gallery/thumbs/GVP-12404.jpg">Upolo Island in Samoa is shown in this 8 august 2018 Sentinel-2 satellite image (N is at the top; this image is approximately 70 km across). Younger monogenetic cones and craters that produced lava flows are aligned along the WNW-ESE central ridge, with some lava flows having reached the coast.<br /><br /> Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.</a> </span> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>GVP Map Holdings</h5> <br /> <p><strong>Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.</strong></p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>Smithsonian Sample Collections Database</h5> <br /> <p>There are no samples for Upolu in the Smithsonian's NMNH <a href="https://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/ms/" target="_blank">Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection</a>.</p> </div> <div class="tabbed-content"> <h5>External Sites</h5> <table class="DivTable" role="presentation"> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/browser/?zoom=12&lat=-13.9350&lng=-171.7200" target="_blank">Copernicus Browser</a></strong> </td> <td> The <a href="https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/browser/" target="_blank">Copernicus Browser</a> replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="http://www.mirovaweb.it/?action=volcanoDetails&volcano_id=244030" target="_blank">MIROVA</a></strong> </td> <td> Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (<a href="https://www.mirovaweb.it/" target="_blank">MIROVA</a>) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over <a href="https://www.mirovaweb.it/?action=volcanoes" target="_blank">target volcanoes</a>, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/" target="_blank">MODVOLC Thermal Alerts</a></strong> </td> <td> Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://www.wovodat.org/" target="_blank">WOVOdat</a></strong> <br> <a href="https://www.wovodat.org/precursor/index_unrest_devel_v6.php?vnum=244030" target="_blank">Single Volcano View</a> <br> <a href="https://www.wovodat.org/eruption/index.php#vnum=244030" target="_blank">Temporal Evolution of Unrest</a> <br> <a href="https://www.wovodat.org/precursor/index_unrest_devel_v5.php?vnum=244030" target="_blank">Side by Side Volcanoes</a> </td> <td> WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the <a href="https://wovo.iavceivolcano.org/" target="_blank">World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO)</a> and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore. <br><br><strong><a href="https://wovodat.org/gvmid/index.php?type=single&vd_num=244030" target="_blank">GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure</a></strong> The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://volcanichazardmaps.org/advanced-search/?volcano=244030" target="_blank">Volcanic Hazard Maps</a></strong> </td> <td> The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a <a href="https://volcanichazardmaps.org/" target="_blank">Volcanic Hazard Maps</a> database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. <em>This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.</em> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://ds.iris.edu/gmap/#network=*&latitude=-13.9350&longitude=-171.7200&maxradius=.18&matchtimeseries=true&includeoverlaps=false&level=&format=text&drawingmode=radial&planet=earth" target="_blank">IRIS seismic stations/networks</a></strong> </td> <td> <a href="https://www.iris.edu/hq/" target="_blank">Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS)</a> Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Upolu. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/data-access-methods/dai2/app/dai2.html#boundingRadius=-13.9350,-171.7200,20.0;scope=Station;sampleRate=normal" target="_blank">UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations</a></strong> </td> <td> Geodetic Data Services map from <a href="https://www.unavco.org/" target="_blank">UNAVCO</a> showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Upolu. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="http://decade.iedadata.org/d/244030" target="_blank">DECADE Data</a></strong> </td> <td> The <a href="http://decade.iedadata.org/" target="_blank">DECADE portal</a>, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The <a href="https://deepcarboncycle.org/home-decade/" target="_blank">Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE)</a> initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO<sub>2</sub> to the atmosphere, but installing CO<sub>2</sub> monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/searchVOGRIPA.cfc?method=detail&id=993" target="_blank">Large Eruptions of Upolu</a></strong> </td> <td> Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the <a href="https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/controller.cfc?method=lameve" target="_blank">Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE)</a> database of the <a href="https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/" target="_blank">Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA)</a>. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"> <strong><a href="https://www.earthchem.org/" target="_blank">EarthChem</a></strong> </td> <td> EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility <a href="http://www.iedadata.org/" target="_blank">Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA)</a>. IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="icons"> <a class="normaltip" title="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/GlobalVolcanism"><img src="/includes/images/icon2.png" alt="Facebook Icon" width="32" height="32" /></a> <a class="normaltip" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/SmithsonianGVP"><img src="/includes/images/icon_twitter.png" alt="Twitter Icon" width="32" height="32" /></a> </div> <div class="extra-wrap"> <a href="https://volcano.si.edu/">Global Volcanism Program</a> · <a href="https://mineralsciences.si.edu/">Department of Mineral Sciences</a> · <a href="https://naturalhistory.si.edu/">National Museum of Natural History</a><br /> <a href="https://www.si.edu/">Smithsonian Institution</a> <a href="https://www.si.edu/termsofuse/" title="Link to Copyright Notice and Terms of Use">© 2013 & Terms of Use</a> | <a href="https://www.si.edu/privacy/" title="Link to Privacy Notice">Privacy Policy</a> · <script type="text/javascript">document.write(gvpcontact);</script> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/includes/js/webtrends.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var _tag=new WebTrends(); _tag.dcsGetId(); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ _tag.dcsCustom=function(){ // Add custom parameters here. //_tag.DCSext.param_name=param_value; } _tag.dcsCollect(); //]]> </script> <noscript> <div><img alt="DCSIMG" id="DCSIMG" width="1" height="1" src="//logs1.smithsonian.museum/dcsech3ejadzpxjbxjkk5jb6g_4x8p/njs.gif?dcsuri=/nojavascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=9.4.0&dcssip=volcano.si.edu"/></div> </noscript> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FY6FEMEJEW" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-FY6FEMEJEW'); </script> </body> </html>