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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ru" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Колониза́ция</b> (от <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Латинский язык">лат.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">colo</span> — обитать, жить, населять) — выделение поселений или основание новых поселений на чужой территории либо заселение и освоение своих окраинных земель (<a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Внутренняя колонизация">внутренняя колонизация</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-_23b6ccc8f7dd52c4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-_23b6ccc8f7dd52c4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg/400px-Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg/600px-Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg/800px-Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b30_738-0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3406" data-file-height="2541"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Колониализм">Колониальные владения европейских государств</a>, иллюстрация из энциклопедического словаря Брокгауза и Ефрона, 1890—1907 годы </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Стимул">Стимулами</a> колонизации (колонизационного движения) в мире являлись: <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Перенаселение">перенаселение</a>, <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Религиозное гонение (страница отсутствует)">религиозные</a> и политические гонения и прочее<sup id="cite_ref-автоссылка1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, например, <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Гонения на христиан при Деции">гонения на христиан при Деции</a>, <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Великое гонение">великое гонение</a>, <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Религиозные войны во Франции">религиозные войны во Франции</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ru" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Содержание</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">История</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%A1%D0%BC._%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B5"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">См. также</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Примечания</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Литература</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактировать раздел «История»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>править</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Колонизация тесно связана с понятием <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Миграция населения">миграции</a>, однако не предполагает автоматически утраты колонизаторской общностью контроля над своей прежней территорией. В древности колонизация и основание <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Колония">колоний</a> были широко распространённой практикой среди народов-<a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Колонизатор">колонизаторов</a>, таких как <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Финикияне">финикияне</a>, <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Греки">греки</a> или <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Римляне">римляне</a><sup id="cite_ref-автоссылка1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Начиная с эпохи <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Великие географические открытия">Великих географических открытий,</a> <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Европа">европейская</a> колонизация охватила различные страны и континенты. Со временем владение колониями стало настолько политически и экономически существенным для <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ведущее государство">ведущих государств</a>, что в историографии принято говорить об эпохе <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Колониализм">колониализма</a>.</p> <p>Также употребляется термин <i><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Внутренняя колонизация">внутренняя колонизация</a></i>. Малонаселённые государства часто вызывали для этой цели иностранцев-колонистов, которым даровались при этом разного рода <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Льготы">льготы</a>.</p> <p>Главнейшими стимулами колонизационного движения являются: отсутствие свободной земли в государстве или стране, перенаселение, обусловленное недостаточной интенсивностью производства или же скоплением земельной собственности в руках немногих лиц, политические или религиозные гонения, желание найти более выгодное помещение <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Капитал">капиталам</a> и тому подобное.</p> <p>Одним кардинальных вопросов колонизационной политики является вопрос о рациональном распределении земельной собственности в колонизируемой стране (крае), так как от той или иной конструкции поземельных отношений в значительной степени зависит вся дальнейшая хозяйственная и политическая судьба страны и его народа (народов). Первоначально все государства, основывавшие колонии, придерживались системы раздачи земель первым завоевателям (<a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Конкистадоры">конкистадоры</a>) и правительственным <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Чиновник">чиновникам</a>, создавая, таким образом, поземельную <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Аристократия">аристократию</a>; такого образа действия придерживались <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Испанская колонизация Америки">испанцы</a> и <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Португальская колонизация Америки">португальцы</a>, заводя колонии в Америке; французы, при <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Новая Франция">колонизации Канады</a>, образовали в полном смысле светскую и духовную феодальную систему; так же точно поступали в первые времена своей колонизационной деятельности и англичане. Вредные стороны такой системы заключались в том, что при этом <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Культура">культура</a> новых земель должна совершенно напрасно оставаться в продолжение очень долгого времени крайне экстенсивной, проявлялись все те неудобства и неустройства, с которыми вообще связано сосредоточение в немногих частных руках обширных пространств земли.</p> <p>Альтернативой являлась либо система продажи земель, либо система раздачи их в виде вознаграждения за какие-либо культурно-полезные предприятия, вроде, например, проведения железных дорог, прорытия каналов и тому подобное. Наиболее ярким проявлениям этой политики стало издание в <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="США">США</a> и <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Канада">Канаде</a> законов, известных под названием home-stead law (см. <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Гомстед-акт">Гомстед</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="См._также"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BC._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B6.D0.B5"></span>См. также</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактировать раздел «См. также»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>править</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="columns" style=";column-count:3; column-width: 20em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Неоколониализм">Неоколониализм</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Колонизация Африки">Колонизация Африки</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Колонизация Америки">Колонизация Америки</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Внутренняя колонизация">Внутренняя колонизация</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Экспансия">Экспансия</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ссылка в колонии">Ссылка в колонии</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Примечания"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Примечания</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактировать раздел «Примечания»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>править</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_23b6ccc8f7dd52c4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-_23b6ccc8f7dd52c4_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%91%D0%A0%D0%AD2009">БРЭ, 2009</a>, с. 525.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-автоссылка1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B01_2-0"><sup><i><b>1</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B01_2-1"><sup><i><b>2</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25AD%25D0%25A1%25D0%2591%25D0%2595/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Колонизация">Колонизация</a> // <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a>. — 2-е изд., вновь перераб. и значит. доп. — Т. 1—2. — <abbr title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</abbr>, 1907—1909.</span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141520016">.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:90%;margin:0 0 1em;padding:.4em;max-width:19em;width:19em;line-height:1.5}.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект th,.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект td{padding:.2em 0;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект th+td{padding-left:.4em}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект{clear:right;float:right;width:19em;margin-left:1em}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="metadata plainlinks ts-Родственный_проект noprint ruwikiWikimediaNavigation"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="width:10%;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/36px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></th> <td>В <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Викисловарь">Викисловаре</a> есть статья «<span class="wikidict-ref"><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" class="extiw" title="wikt:колонизация">колонизация</a></b></span>»</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактировать раздел «Литература»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>править</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141305934">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25A1%25D0%2591%25D0%2595/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Колонизация">Колонизация</a></span> // <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — <abbr title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</abbr>, 1890—1907.</span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141305934"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25A1%25D0%2591%25D0%2595/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Колонизация России">Колонизация России</a></span> // <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — <abbr title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</abbr>, 1890—1907.</span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141305934"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25A1%25D0%2591%25D0%2595/%25D0%25A8%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Штрафная колонизация Сибири">Штрафная колонизация Сибири</a></span> // <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — <abbr title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</abbr>, 1890—1907.</span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141305934"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25A1%25D0%2591%25D0%2595/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Украина">Украина</a></span> // <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — <abbr title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</abbr>, 1890—1907.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБРЭ2009"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://old.bigenc.ru/world_history/text/2081900">Колонизация</a> : [<span title="архивировано из первоисточника"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615160730/https://bigenc.ru/world_history/text/2081900">арх.</a> 15 июня 2022</span>] // Киреев — Конго [Электронный ресурс]. — 2009. — С. 525. — (<a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Большая российская энциклопедия">Большая российская энциклопедия</a> : <span class="nowrap">[в 35 т.]</span> / гл. ред. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Осипов, Юрий Сергеевич (математик)">Ю. С. Осипов</a></span> ; 2004—2017, т. 14). — <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9785852703453?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-85270-345-3</a>.</span></li> <li><i>Marcy Rockman</i>, <i>James Steele</i> (2003). The Colonization of Unfamiliar Landscapes. Routledge. <a href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/0415256062?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-25606-2</a>.</li> </ul> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Источник — <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%26oldid%3D138887181">https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Колонизация&oldid=138887181</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ru-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="DimaBot" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1720781478"> <span>Последний раз редактировалась 12 июля 2024 в 10:51</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Языки</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisasie" title="Kolonisasie — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolonisasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="استعمار — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استعمار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Colonización — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Colonización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Каланізацыя — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каланізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Колонизация — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колонизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B6_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="উপনিবেশ স্থাপন — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপনিবেশ স্থাপন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevadenni%25C3%25B1" title="Trevadenniñ — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trevadenniñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizacija" title="Kolonizacija — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kolonizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="کۆلۆنیسازی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆلۆنیسازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizace" title="Kolonizace — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolonizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisation" title="Kolonisation — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolonisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Αποικισμός — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Colonization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Colonización — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisatsioon" title="Kolonisatsioon — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolonisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizazio" title="Kolonizazio — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kolonizazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="مستعمره‌سازی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مستعمره‌سازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisaatio" title="Kolonisaatio — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolonisaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonisation" title="Colonisation — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisaasje" title="Kolonisaasje — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kolonisaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Colonización — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Colonización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2594%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A3" title="औपनिवेशिकरण — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="औपनिवेशिकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizacija" title="Kolonizacija — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolonizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjajahan" title="Penjajahan — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penjajahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniigo" title="Koloniigo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koloniigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="კოლონიზაცია — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლონიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%258B%259D%25EB%25AF%25BC%25EC%25A7%2580%25ED%2599%2594" title="식민지화 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식민지화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisatie" title="Kolonisatie — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kolonisatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizacija" title="Kolonizacija — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolonizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniz%25C4%2581cija" title="Kolonizācija — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kolonizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjanahantany" title="Fanjanahantany — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanjanahantany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjajahan" title="Panjajahan — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Panjajahan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjajahan" title="Penjajahan — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penjajahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2583%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258D" title="च्यःदेय् — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="च्यःदेय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisatie" title="Kolonisatie — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kolonisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonizacion" title="Colonizacion — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colonizacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizacja" title="Kolonizacja — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolonizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloniza%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Colonização — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colonização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonizare" title="Colonizare — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colonizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizacija" title="Kolonizacija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolonizacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colonization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonizimi" title="Kolonizimi — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kolonizimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Колонизација — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колонизација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonisation" title="Kolonisation — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolonisation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Колонізація — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колонізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%25E1%25BB%25B1c_d%25C3%25A2n_h%25C3%25B3a" title="Thực dân hóa — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực dân hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AE%2596%25E6%25B0%2591" title="殖民 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="殖民" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" alt="Википедия" width="120" height="20" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Эта страница в последний раз была отредактирована 12 июля 2024 в 10:51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Если не указано иное, содержание доступно по лицензии <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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