크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는?

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| Ledger</title> <meta name="description" content="한 마디로, 크립토 노드가 있기 때문에 퍼블릭 블록체인이 탈중앙화된 상태를 유지할 수 있습니다. 그런데 크립토 노드가 과연 무엇이며, 어떤 방식으로 작동하는 것일까요?" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-블록체인-기초/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="ko_KR" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는? | Ledger" /> <meta property="og:description" content="한 마디로, 크립토 노드가 있기 때문에 퍼블릭 블록체인이 탈중앙화된 상태를 유지할 수 있습니다. 그런데 크립토 노드가 과연 무엇이며, 어떤 방식으로 작동하는 것일까요?" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-블록체인-기초/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Ledger" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/Ledger/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-04-12T13:55:36+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Thumb_No-title.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ledger" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="7 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one","url":"https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one","name":"크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는? 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</head> <body class="academy-template-default single single-academy postid-292085"> <a href="https://shop.ledger.com/ko/pages/black-friday" class="header-top-banner"> <div class="header-top-banner--container"> <div class="header-top-banner--text" > <p>블랙 프라이데이: Ledger Flex와 일부 Ledger Nano 지갑 및 액세서리를 할인가에 만나보세요.</p> </div> <div class="header-top-banner--button"> <span>지금 쇼핑하기</span> </div> </div> </a> <header class="academy-header" id="header"> <div class="row"> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy" title="Ledger Academy" class="logo"> <img src="https://www.ledger.com/wp-content/themes/ledger-v2/public/images/ledger-academy-logo-long.svg" alt="Ledger Academy"> </a> <nav class="academy-header-navigation" id="academy-header-navigation"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://shop.ledger.com/ko" title=""> Ledger 쇼핑하기 </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://quest.ledger.com/" title=""> 배우고 수익 창출 <div class="svg-icon"> <svg id="Calque_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 422.6 380.21"><path 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<li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%9B%B9-30%EC%97%90-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%B4-%EC%95%8C%EC%95%84%EC%95%BC-%ED%95%A0-%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%A0-%EA%B2%83" title="Web 3.0란?" >Web 3.0란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80%EC%97%90-%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C-%EC%84%A4%EB%AA%85" title="블록체인 세대에 관한 설명" >블록체인 세대에 관한 설명</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%87%EB%8B%A4%EB%A9%B4-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%9E%80-%EC%A0%95%ED%99%95%ED%9E%88-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%BC%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%94" title="그렇다면 암호화폐란 정확히 무엇일까요?" >그렇다면 암호화폐란 정확히 무엇일까요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%96%BC%EB%A7%88%EB%82%98-%EB%A7%8E%EC%9D%80-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EA%B0%80-%EC%A1%B4%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%9C%EB%8B%A4%EA%B3%A0-%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81%ED%95%98%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98%EC%9A%94" title="얼마나 많은 암호화폐가 존재한다고 생각하시나요?" >얼마나 많은 암호화폐가 존재한다고 생각하시나요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="블록체인이란 무엇인가?" >블록체인이란 무엇인가?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >B) 암호화폐를 보호하는 방법</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8-%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%BC-%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="암호화폐 지갑이란?" >암호화폐 지갑이란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8-%ED%82%A4%EB%8A%94-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="개인 키는 무엇인가요?" >개인 키는 무엇인가요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EB%B9%84%EB%B0%80-%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%AC-%EB%AC%B8%EA%B5%AC%EB%8A%94-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%BC%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%94" title="시드 문구(비밀 복구 문구)란?" >시드 문구(비밀 복구 문구)란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EC%9C%84%ED%98%91-%EC%9A%94%EC%86%8C-%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4%EC%A7%91" title="암호화폐 위협: 암호화폐가 도난당하는 방법" >암호화폐 위협: 암호화폐가 도난당하는 방법</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >C) Ledger란 무엇인가요?</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5-%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84%ED%95%9C-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91%EC%9D%B8-ledger%EC%97%90-%EC%98%A4%EC%8B%A0-%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%84-%ED%99%98%EC%98%81%ED%95%A9%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4" title="Ledger가 무엇인가요? Ledger 생태계에 대한 설명" >Ledger가 무엇인가요? Ledger 생태계에 대한 설명</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-nano%EB%8A%94-%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%A5%BC-%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%EC%9A%94" title="Ledger Nano는 어떻게 암호화폐를 보호하나요?" >Ledger Nano는 어떻게 암호화폐를 보호하나요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-live-%EC%95%B1-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EB%A7%A4%EB%A7%A4-%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%82%B9-%EB%B0%8F-%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91" title="Ledger Live 앱: 암호화폐 매매, 스테이킹 및 스왑" >Ledger Live 앱: 암호화폐 매매, 스테이킹 및 스왑</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >D) Web3 보안 필수 사항</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/web3-%EC%8A%A4%EC%BA%A0%EC%97%90-%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C-%EC%84%A4%EB%AA%85" title="Web3 스캠에 관한 설명" >Web3 스캠에 관한 설명</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%9E%90%EC%B2%B4-%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%BC-%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="자체 조사하기: 암호화폐 프로젝트를 조사하는 방법" >자체 조사하기: 암호화폐 프로젝트를 조사하는 방법</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%A5%BC-ledger-nano%EB%A1%9C-%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="암호화폐를 Ledger Nano로 마이그레이션하는 방법" >암호화폐를 Ledger Nano로 마이그레이션하는 방법</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >F) 블록체인 기초</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" title="크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는?" class="color-grey-800">크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >G) 지갑 관련 지식(레벨업)</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80" title="하드웨어 지갑이란?" >하드웨어 지갑이란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/g-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91-%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8-%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%EC%97%85/what-is-a-software-wallet" title="소프트웨어 지갑이란?" >소프트웨어 지갑이란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/g-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91-%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8-%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%EC%97%85/choose-the-best-crypto-wallet-for-you" title="암호화폐 지갑을 선택하는 방법" >암호화폐 지갑을 선택하는 방법</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/g-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91-%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8-%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%EC%97%85/what-is-a-cold-wallet" title="콜드 월렛은 무엇인가요?" >콜드 월렛은 무엇인가요?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >H) 암호화폐 매매와 스왑을 통해 자산을 키워보세요</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/h-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EB%A7%A4%EB%A7%A4%EC%99%80-%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91%EC%9D%84-%ED%86%B5%ED%95%B4-%EC%9E%90%EC%82%B0%EC%9D%84-%ED%82%A4%EC%9B%8C%EB%B3%B4%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%94/earn-crypto-with-ledger-live-staking-made-easy" title="Ledger Live를 통해 암호자산 늘리기: 스테이킹이 쉬워집니다" >Ledger Live를 통해 암호자산 늘리기: 스테이킹이 쉬워집니다</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%A5%BC-%EA%B5%90%ED%99%98%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5-%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84%ED%95%9C-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="Ledger Live를 통해 암호화폐를 안전하게 하는 방법" >Ledger Live를 통해 암호화폐를 안전하게 하는 방법</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-children"> <a >주제 <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/ledgersolutions-ko" title="Ledger 솔루션" >Ledger 솔루션</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/nfts" title="NFT" >NFT</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/defi-ko" title="디파이(DeFi)" >디파이(DeFi)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/security" title="보안" >보안</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/blockchain" title="블록체인" >블록체인</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/scams-ko" title="스캠" >스캠</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/crypto" title="암호화폐" >암호화폐</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/tutorials" title="튜토리얼" >튜토리얼</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-children"> <a >시리즈 <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/ledger-how-tos-ko" title="Ledger 사용법" >Ledger 사용법</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/on-the-ledger" title="On The Ledger" >On The Ledger</a> </li> <li> <a 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768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Orange-1-1536x648.jpg 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Orange-1-490x207.jpg 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Orange-1.jpg 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-table cover-text"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">주요 시사점:</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left"> — 퍼블릭 블록체인은 인터넷과 같은 탈중앙화된 서버가 아닌, 노드라고 불리는 컴퓨터 네트워크를 기반으로 하는 탈중앙화된 인프라를 사용합니다.<br><br>— 크립토 노드는 블록체인 네트워크에 대한 최신 기록을 유지 관리하고 지속적으로 새로운 트랜잭션을 확인 및 승인하며, 모든 사람이 네트워크에서 정한 규칙을 따르도록 만듭니다. <br><br>— 새로운 블록을 생성하고 제안하는 채굴자 노드와 검증자 노드 등 여러 사용 사례를 가진 다양한 유형의 노드가 있습니다.<br><br>— 이 글에서는 크립토 노드가 무엇이며, 어떻게 작동하고, 블록체인 트랜잭션에는 어떤 함의가 있는지 자세히 설명합니다.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p><em>크립토 노드: 크립토 노드는 잘 알려져 있지 않은 블록체인의 핵심 요소로, 탈중앙화된 네트워크가 가능한 이유이기도 합니다. </em>그 임무는 간단합니다. 중앙화된 기관 없이 트랜잭션을 제안, 승인 및 처리하는 방법을 제공하는 역할을 합니다. </p> <p>노드가 없으면 DAO나 심지어 디지털 자산의 P2P 전송과 같은 모든 종류의 탈중앙화된 목적으로 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko?post_type=academy&p=154091" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">블록체인</a>을 사용할 수 없습니다. 기본적으로 노드는 트랜잭션이 매번 정확하고 효과적으로 처리되는지 확인합니다. 블록체인은 불변적이거나, 아니면 적어도 블록체인 트랜잭션을 변경하거나 변조하는 것이 극도로 어렵기 때문에 처음부터 올바르게 활용하는 것이 중요합니다. 실제로 네트워크의 보안 또한, 노드에 달려 있습니다!</p> <p>그러나 수천 대의 컴퓨터가 무언가에 동의하도록 만드는 것은 절대 쉬운 일이 아닙니다. 모든 트랜잭션이 올바른지 확인하고 모르는 사람의 네트워크를 신뢰하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니기 때문에 각 블록체인이 크립토 노드에 접근하는 방식은 약간씩 다를 수 있습니다. 각 네트워크마다 네트워크에서의 활동이나 트랜잭션 승인 방법에 대해 서로 다른 인센티브(및 처벌)를 제공합니다. 이는 노드 작동 방식, 네트워크에 있는 노드 수, 심지어 다른 노드 유형에도 영향을 미칩니다. </p> <p>따라서 이 글에서는 크립토 노드에 대해 자세히 알아보고 크립토 노드가 수행하는 작업, 다양한 유형, 채굴자와 노드 간의 차이점 등을 설명합니다.</p> <p> 먼저 기초 사항부터 시작해 보겠습니다. 실제로 크립토 노드가 정확히 무엇일까요?</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드란?</h2> <p>크립토 노드는 블록체인 네트워크의 일부로써, 그와 상호 작용할 수 있는 단일 컴퓨터입니다. 대부분의 블록체인에서 각 노드는 분산 원장이라고도 알려진 블록체인의 모든 정보를 저장하는 별도의 단일 컴퓨터입니다. 모든 노드에는 동일한 정보의 복사본이 있어 서로를 검증할 수 있습니다. </p> <p>이를 통해 노드는 새로운 트랜잭션을 인증 및 기록하고 중앙 기관의 도움 없이 네트워크에 이를 브로드캐스트할 수 있습니다. </p> <p>크립토 노드가 많을수록 전체 시스템을 속이는 것이 보다 어려워집니다. 블록체인을 조작하려면 보통 악의적인 행위자가 노드의 51% 이상을 제어해야 하기 때문입니다. 제어해야 하는 노드 수가 너무 많기 때문에 인기 있는 네트워크에서는 사실상 불가능한 일입니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드의 용도는?</h2> <p>첫째, 크립토 노드는 블록체인이 작동하는 데 필요한 데이터를 저장합니다. 여기에는 전체 분산 원장과 모든 트랜잭션이 포함될 수 있습니다. 크립토 노드의 또 다른 중요한 역할은 서로간의 통신입니다. 이는 노드의 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/consensus-protocols-how-are-blockchains-secure" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">합의</a> 상태를 유지하는 데 필수적입니다. 즉, 모든 노드가 동일한 체인 복사본을 갖도록 하는 것입니다. 이는 기본적으로 노드가 동기화하는 데 사용하는 방법으로, 이를 통해 블록체인이 모든 사람에게 동일하게 유지될 수 있습니다.</p> <p>그 외에도 일부 크립토 노드는 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/how-does-a-blockchain-transaction-work" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">블록체인 트랜잭션</a>을 인증하고 틀에 맞지 않는 트랜잭션을 거부하는 등의 다른 작업도 수행합니다. 또한 네트워크에 참여하려는 새 노드에 블록체인 사본을 제공할 수도 있습니다. </p> <p>기본적으로 이러한 역량이 함께 작동하여 크립토 노드가 중앙화된 기관 없이 트랜잭션을 확인하고 기록할 수 있도록 합니다. 퍼블릭 블록체인은 전통적인 금융처럼 운영되지 않고, 집단의 힘, 즉 노드를 운영하는 전 세계 사람들의 힘에 의존합니다.</p> <p></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드 vs 채굴자 vs 검증인: 그 차이는 무엇인가요?</h2> <p>종종 ‘노드’와 ‘채굴자’라는 단어는 암호화폐에서 같은 의미로 사용되지만 동일한 개념은 아닙니다. 이제 혼란스러운 점을 명확히 설명해 보겠습니다.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/bitcoin-mining-what-is-it" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">채굴자</a>는 블록체인에 새로운 트랜잭션 블록을 추가할 수 있는 전용 컴퓨터 시스템입니다. 새로운 코인을 채굴하거나 트랜잭션을 검증하려면 이 채굴자는 상당한 양의 에너지가 필요한 복잡한 수학적 연산인 퍼즐을 풀어야 합니다. 이 암호화폐 채굴 메커니즘 덕분에 작업 증명 블록체인이 안전하게 유지될 수 있습니다. 간단히 말해서, <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/bitcoin-mining-what-is-it" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">비트코인 채굴</a>은 시스템을 속이려는 시도를 하기에는 비용이 너무 많이 듭니다.</p> <p>각 채굴자가 노드이기 때문에 일부 사람들에게는 혼란스러울 수 있습니다. 그러나 모든 노드가 채굴자가 되는 것은 아닙니다. 예를 들어, 누구나 단일 코인을 채굴하지 않고도 비트코인 합의가 실행되도록 크립토 노드를 실행할 수 있습니다. 또한 이러한 구별 외에도 다양한 유형의 네트워크에도 차이점이 있습니다.</p> <p>예를 들어, 지분 증명 네트워크에서 노드는 채굴자가 아닌 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/what-is-a-blockchain-validator" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">검증인</a>에 의해 운영됩니다. 그러나 지분 증명 네트워크에서도 트랜잭션을 검증하지 않고도 자체 노드를 설정할 수도 있습니다. 따라서 노드와 검증인은 동의어가 아닙니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드의 유형</h2> <p>노드에는 풀 노드(Full Node)와 라이트 노드(Light Node)라는 두 가지 주요 유형이 있습니다. 이들 각각은 별도의 이유로 존재하며 서로 다른 기능을 가지고 있습니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">fullnode</h3> <p>간단히 말해서, 풀 노드는 네트워크 디지털 원장의 전체 복사본을 저장합니다. 이러한 유형의 크립토 노드는 대부분의 블록체인의 기반을 구축합니다. 체인의 이력을 저장하고 다른 풀 노드와 통신합니다. 또한 이는 체인 사본을 새 노드에 제공하는 역할을 담당하는 노드이기도 합니다. 이 노드는 실제로 네트워크의 중추를 이루고 있기 때문에 대부분의 블록체인에는 이러한 유형의 노드가 있습니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">채굴 노드 </h3> <p>채굴 노드는 트랜잭션을 인증하고 이를 작업 증명 블록체인에 추가하는 역할을 담당합니다. 채굴에는 복잡한 퍼즐을 풀기 위해 많은 연산 능력이 필요합니다. 이 채굴 노드는 또한 작업에 대한 대가로 암호화폐 보상을 받습니다. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">검증인 노드</h3> <p>검증인 노드는 채굴 노드와 유사하지만 대신 지분 증명 네트워크에 있습니다. 또한 트랜잭션을 검증하고 블록을 생성합니다. 그러나 복잡한 계산 문제를 해결할 필요는 없으며 시스템에 락업된 자금의 양에 따라 선택됩니다. 하지만 채굴자와 마찬가지로 블록 생성에 대한 보상도 받습니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">라이트 노드(Light Node)</h3> <p>라이트 노드라고도 불리는 SPV 클라이언트는 약간 다릅니다. 첫째, 이러한 유형의 노드는 중량급 노드처럼 전체 블록체인을 저장하지 않습니다. 대신 ‘블록 헤더’만 다운로드합니다. 너무 기술적이지 않으면 그만큼 많은 저장 용량이 필요하지 않다는 의미입니다. 대신, 이러한 크립토 노드의 유일한 임무는 단순화된 지불 확인(SPV)을 사용하여 블록체인의 트랜잭션을 확인하는 것입니다. 모든 블록체인이 이러한 유형의 노드를 사용하는 것은 아니라는 점에 유의해야 합니다. 이 노드는 주로 블록당 저장 공간이 제한되어 있는 비트코인과 같은 블록체인에서 인기를 얻고 있습니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드의 작동 방식은?</h2> <p>블록체인마다 크립토 노드는 서로 약간씩 다를 수 있지만, 크립토 노드가 작동하는 방식과 수행하는 작업에 대한 일반적인 흐름을 살펴보겠습니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드는 서명된 트랜잭션을 배포합니다.</h3> <p>트랜잭션에 서명하면 세부 정보가 노드 집합으로 전송됩니다. 첫 번째 노드 집합이 이를 다른 노드에 전달하고, 다른 노드는 이를 다음 수준의 노드에 전달합니다. 트랜잭션이 블록에 포함되거나 폐기될 때까지 이 작업을 수행합니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">그런 다음 노드는 멤풀(Mempool)에서 트랜잭션을 확인합니다.</h3> <p>트랜잭션이 배포되면 각 노드에 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/what-is-a-mempool" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">멤풀</a>이 입력됩니다. 처음에는 대기 상태이지만, 이후 단계에서 노드는 트랜잭션을 검증해야 합니다. 대다수의 노드가 트랜잭션이 유효한지 확인하면 보류 상태로 전환됩니다. 이는 트랜잭션이 체인에 추가될 준비가 되었음을 의미합니다. 반대로, 대다수의 노드가 트랜잭션이 유효하지 않다고 판단하면 해당 트랜잭션은 폐기됩니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">노드는 블록에 트랜잭션을 추가하고 이를 네트워크에 브로드캐스트합니다.</h3> <p>트랜잭션이 보류 상태로 전환되면 채굴자 또는 검증인 노드는 해당 블록을 네트워크에 추가할 수 있습니다. 채굴자나 검증자가 블록을 획득하여 체인에 추가하는 시점에서 트랜잭션은 불변이 됩니다. 즉, 트랜잭션을 변경하려면 대다수 노드의 승인이 필요합니다. 더 널리 사용되는 블록체인의 경우, 수천 개의 노드의 승인이 필요할 수 있습니다. 이러한 간단한 메커니즘으로 체인의 보안을 유지합니다. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">노드에는 올바른 행동을 보장하기 위한 인센티브(및 억제 수단)가 있습니다.</h3> <p>이 시점에서 일부 노드는 네트워크에 블록을 추가하는 역할을 담당하며 일반적으로 암호화폐 보상을 받게 된다는 점을 다시 상기해야 합니다.</p> <p>비트코인과 같은 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/작업-증명이란/attachment/what-is-proof-of-work-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">작업 증명 </a>블록체인에서는 복잡한 암호화 퍼즐을 풀기 위해 상당히 높은 연산 능력이 필요합니다. 이는 채굴자에게는 체인에 유효한 블록을 추가할 충분한 동기뿐만 아니라 불명예스러운 행동을 억제하는 수단도 가지고 있음을 의미합니다. 즉, 블록 보상 없이는 에너지 비용을 감당할 수 있는 수익성을 담보할 수 없을 것입니다.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/blockchain/what-is-proof-of-stake" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">지분 증명</a> 블록체인에서는 참여 노드도 블록 보상을 받지만, 이러한 체인은 부적절한 행위를 억제하기 위한 다른 방법을 사용합니다. 검증인은 상당량의 자금을 담보로 락업해야 합니다. 그런 다음 정직하게 행동한다면 더 많은 보상을 받을 수 있습니다. 악의적으로 행동할 경우 지분라고도 불리는 담보가 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/topics/blockchain/what-is-slashing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">삭감</a>됩니다. 이 메커니즘은 지속적인 에너지 비용과 값비싼 장비 없이도 노드가 정상적으로 작동하도록 보장합니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">크립토 노드: 그토록 중요한 이유는?</h2> <p>크립토 노드는 블록체인 시스템의 보안에 필수적입니다. 탈중앙화된 방식으로 작업을 실행하려고 할 때 유일한 옵션은 P2P 시스템이며 이를 효과적으로 관리하는 유일한 방법은 블록체인 네트워크를 이용하는 것입니다. 노드를 사용하면 블록체인이 공정한 방식으로 트랜잭션을 검증할 수 있으며 중앙화된 기관에 수수료를 낼 필요가 없습니다. </p> <p>또한, 운영 노드가 많을수록 악의적인 행위자가 공모하거나 네트워크를 장악하기가 더 어려워집니다. 또한 사용자와 채굴자가 규칙을 준수하도록 보장하며 두 기능 모두 네트워크를 더욱 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/crypto/why-decentralization-matters" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">탈중앙화되고</a> 안전하게 만듭니다.</p> <p>간단히 말해서, 네트워크에서 무엇을 하든 노드를 만나게 됩니다. 그러다 보면, 실제로 크립토 노드 운영을 직접 시작하고 싶어질지도 모르죠! 전체 노드 운영을 선호하든, 직접 채굴자 또는 검증인 노드가 되든, 눈앞에 놓인 다양한 선택지를 확인하세요. Ledger Live를 통해 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-validator-node-has-arrived" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">검증인 노드에 직접 자금을 조달</a>하는 것도 가능합니다. </p> <p>노드는 블록체인 시스템의 기초입니다. 노드가 없었다면 애초에 블록체인 저장소도 없었을 것입니다. 노드는 블록체인 네트워크를 위한 전체 인프라를 제공하므로 노드를 이해하는 것이 매우 중요합니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">아는 것이 힘이다</h2> <p></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/school-of-block/episode-30-bitcoin-el-salvador-what-does-it-all-really-mean" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-219781" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min-1024x576.png 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min-300x169.png 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min-768x432.png 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min-1536x864.png 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min-490x275.png 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/07/30-min.png 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure> <p class="has-text-align-center">자신을 믿고 끊임없이 배우세요. 유익하면서도 재미있는 <strong>School of Block</strong> 에피소드를 확인하세요.</p> </article> <div class="plain-text margin-lg"> <div class="margin-s align-center share-box"> <b>공유</b> <div class="heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing" data-heateor-ss-offset="0" data-heateor-sss-href='https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one'><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Instagram" class="heateor_sss_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/ledger" title="Instagram" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" 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