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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Curb_or_kerb_weight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curb_or_kerb_weight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Curb or kerb weight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curb_or_kerb_weight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dry_weight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dry_weight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dry weight</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dry_weight-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dry weight subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dry_weight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motorcycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Motorcycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gross_weight_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_weight_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gross weight ratings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gross_weight_ratings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gross weight ratings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gross_weight_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gross_vehicle_weight_rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_vehicle_weight_rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gross vehicle weight rating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_vehicle_weight_rating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Labeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gross_trailer_weight_rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_trailer_weight_rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gross trailer weight rating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_trailer_weight_rating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gross_combined_weight_rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_combined_weight_rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Gross combined weight rating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_combined_weight_rating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gross_axle_weight_rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gross_axle_weight_rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Gross axle weight rating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gross_axle_weight_rating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maximum_weight_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maximum_weight_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Maximum weight laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maximum_weight_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curb_weight&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb weight">Curb weight</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Measurement of wheeled motor vehicles</div> <p><b>Vehicle weight</b> is a measurement of wheeled motor vehicles; either an actual measured weight of the vehicle under defined conditions or a gross weight rating for its weight carrying capacity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Curb_or_kerb_weight">Curb or kerb weight</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Curb or kerb weight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Curb weight</b> (American English) or <b>kerb weight</b> (British English) is the total mass of a vehicle with standard equipment and all necessary operating consumables such as <a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">motor oil</a>, transmission oil, <a href="/wiki/Brake_fluid" title="Brake fluid">brake fluid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">coolant</a>, air conditioning refrigerant, and sometimes a full tank of fuel, while not loaded with either passengers or cargo. The <a href="#Gross_vehicle_weight_rating">gross vehicle weight</a> is larger and includes the maximum payload of passengers and cargo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This definition may differ from definitions used by governmental <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_agency" title="Regulatory agency">regulatory agencies</a> or other organizations. For example, many <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> manufacturers include the weight of a 75-kilogram (165 lb) driver and luggage to follow European Directive 95/48/EC.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organizations may also define curb weight with fixed levels of fuel and other variables to equalize the value for the comparison of different vehicles. The EU-directive actually defines Mass in running order, not curb-weight. Mass in running order is without the 75kg driver mentioned above. Definition of mass in running order stated in the directive. </p><p>The United States Environmental Protection Agency regulations define curb weight as follows: Curb weight means the actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in accordance with §86.1832–01; incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a motorcycle, <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_testing_and_measurement#Wet_weight" title="Motorcycle testing and measurement">wet weight</a> is the equivalent term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dry_weight">Dry weight</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dry weight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dry mass" redirects here. For the Catholic devotion, see <a href="/wiki/Missa_Sicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Missa Sicca">Missa Sicca</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dry weight" redirects here. For the mass of a soil sample or an object when dried, see <a href="/wiki/Dry_matter" title="Dry matter">dry matter</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tare_weight" title="Tare weight">Tare weight</a></div> <p>Dry weight is the weight of a vehicle without any consumables, passengers, or cargo. It is significantly less than the weight of a vehicle in a drivable condition and therefore rarely used. Quoting a dry weight can make a car's weight and <a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">power-to-weight</a> figures appear far more favorable than those of rival cars using <a href="/wiki/Curb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb weight">curb weight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-evo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The difference between dry weight and curb weight depends on many variables such as the capacity of the fuel tank. There is no standard for dry weight, so it's open to interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-evo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some vehicle manufacturers have used the term <i>shipping weight</i>, which refers to the vehicle in as-built, no-option condition. This would include engine oil, coolant, brake fluid and at least some small quantity of fuel, as vehicles have traditionally been driven off the assembly line and these fluids were necessary to do so. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorcycles">Motorcycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Motorcycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_testing_and_measurement#Dry_weight" title="Motorcycle testing and measurement">Motorcycle testing and measurement § Dry weight</a></div> <p>The dry weight of a motorcycle excludes some or all of the following: gasoline (or other fuel), engine oil, coolant, brake fluid, or <a href="/wiki/Car_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Car battery">battery</a>. </p><p>There is no standardized way to test the dry weight of a motorcycle. Inconsistencies will almost always be found between a motorcycle manufacturer's published dry weight and motorcycle press and media outlet's published dry weight. This is due to different testing techniques, differences in what is being excluded, and a lack of defining how testing was conducted by the organization doing the testing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gross_weight_ratings">Gross weight ratings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gross weight ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_vehicle_weight_rating"><span class="anchor" id="GVW"></span><span class="anchor" id="GVWR"></span><span class="anchor" id="GCWR"></span><span class="anchor" id="Gross"></span> Gross vehicle weight rating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gross vehicle weight rating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"GVW" redirects here. For the defunct airport, see <a href="/wiki/Grandview_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandview Airport">Grandview Airport</a>.</div> <p>The gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), or gross vehicle mass (GVM), is the maximum operating weight/mass of a vehicle as specified by the manufacturer<sup id="cite_ref-49CFR571.3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49CFR571.3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo but excluding that of any <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)" title="Trailer (vehicle)">trailers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHTSA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHTSA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The weight of a vehicle is influenced by passengers, cargo, even fuel level, so a number of terms are used to express the weight of a vehicle in a designated state. Gross combined weight rating (GCWR) refers to the total mass of a vehicle including all trailers. GVWR and GCWR are used to specify weight limitations and restrictions. Gross trailer weight rating specifies the maximum weight of a trailer and the gross axle weight rating specifies the maximum weight on any particular axle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A car <a href="/wiki/Driver_licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver licence">driver licence</a> is limited to driving vehicles up to a maximum GVM of 4,500 kg (9,921 lb). Beyond this, a different class of licence is required. A vehicle with a GVM up to 4,500 kg is termed a <i>light</i> vehicle, while those over 4,500 kg are termed <i>heavy</i> vehicles. </p><p>Many models of small trucks are manufactured to have a GVM rating of 5,000 to 7,000 kg (11,023 to 15,432 lb) but sold with the option of a GVM of just under 4,500 kg so that they can be driven on a car licence. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many minor roads, including some in rural areas and some in suburban areas, have GVM restrictions such as 5,000 kg or 8,000 kg. These restrictions may be applied for technical reasons such as load limited bridges, or as a method of reducing the number of heavy vehicles on local roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A standard <a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">car driving licence issued by an EU country</a> (i.e. class B) limits the licence-holder to driving vehicles with a "maximum authorised mass" (i.e. GVWR)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 3,500 kg (7,700 lb). This includes holders of <a href="/wiki/UK_driving_licence" class="mw-redirect" title="UK driving licence">UK class B driving licences</a> who passed their driving tests on or after 1 January 1997. </p><p>A UK driving licence holder who passed his or her class B driving test in or before 1996 is limited to driving vehicles with a GVWR of 7,500 kg (16,500 lb) or less, including minibuses not used for hire or reward. </p><p>Anyone looking to drive a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_goods_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy goods vehicle">heavy goods vehicle</a> (i.e. any vehicle other than those used for passenger transport) with a GVWR of over 7,500 kg (16,500 lb) must obtain a class C licence. Anyone looking to drive any vehicle with a GVWR of up to 3,500–7,500 kg (7,700–16,500 lb) must obtain a class C1 licence. Anyone with a class C licence can drive class C1 vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, three important GVWR limitations are 6,000, 8,500, and 26,000 pounds [lb] (2,722, 3,856, and 11,793 kg). Vehicles over 6,000 lb are restricted from some city roadways, although it is not always clear if this restriction is for actual curb weight or GVWR. Commercial vehicles over the 8,500 lb threshold are required to have insurance under the <a href="/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1980" title="Motor Carrier Act of 1980">Motor Carrier Act of 1980</a> and <span><a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations">49 CFR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-387.303">387.303</a></span>. </p><p>Vehicles or combinations with a GVWR over 26,000 lb (11,793 kg) generally require a Commercial Driver License (CDL) or a Non-Commercial Class "A" or "B" license. A CDL is also required for certain vehicles under 26,000 lb GVWR, such as buses and for-hire passenger vehicles of 16 or more passengers, all vehicles transporting placarded hazardous materials or wastes regardless of weight or load class, and any vehicle towing a trailer with a Gross Trailer Weight over 10,000 lb (4,536 kg) where the combined weight ratings of the vehicle and trailer are greater than 26,000 lbs. </p><p>Laws vary from state to state, but typically vehicles over 10,000 lb are required to stop at <a href="/wiki/Weigh_station" title="Weigh station">weigh stations</a>. Sometimes large passenger or non-commercial vehicles such as RVs are exempt from this. Additionally, many states use the GVWR for registration purposes, where over a certain weight such as 8,000 lb, a <a href="/wiki/Mill_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mill rate">mill rate</a> is applied to the GVWR to arrive at a registration fee.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labeling">Labeling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Labeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On vehicles designed for the North American market, the GVWR can be found alongside other vehicle technical specifications on the Vehicle ID Plate that is usually located on the interior of the B-pillar according to U.S. or Canadian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Motor_Vehicle_Safety_Standards" title="Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards">Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards</a> (inside the driver's door, near the door latch).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most U.S. and Australian commercial trucks are required by licensing authorities to have this information printed on the outside of the vehicle, and for it to be clearly visible from a specified distance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_trailer_weight_rating">Gross trailer weight rating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gross trailer weight rating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gross trailer weight rating (GTWR) is the total mass of a road <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)" title="Trailer (vehicle)">trailer</a> that is loaded to capacity, including the weight of the trailer itself, plus fluids and cargo, that a vehicle is rated to tow by the manufacturer. In the United States and Canada, the static tongue load, the weight of the trailer as measured at the trailer coupling, is generally recommended to be 10–15% of the GTWR. </p><p>In the United States and Canada, there are four main weight classes of trailer hitches as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Automotive_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Automotive Engineers">Society of Automotive Engineers</a> (SAE): </p> <ul><li>Class I – rated to 2,000 pounds (907 kg)</li> <li>Class II – rated to 3,500 pounds (1,588 kg)</li> <li>Class III – rated to 5,000 pounds (2,268 kg)</li> <li>Class IV – rated to 10,000 pounds (4,536 kg)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_combined_weight_rating">Gross combined weight rating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gross combined weight rating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gross combined weight rating or gross combination weight rating (GCWR), also referred to as the gross combination mass (GCM), gross train weight (GTW), is the maximum allowable combined mass of a road vehicle, the passengers and cargo in the tow vehicle, plus the mass of the trailer and cargo in the trailer.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rating is set by the vehicle manufacturer. </p><p>The GCWR is a function of the <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> output of the engine, the capacity and ratios of the <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a>, the capacity of the driving axles and <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a>, the capacity of the <a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">radiator</a>, and the ability of the chassis to withstand that torque. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gross_axle_weight_rating">Gross axle weight rating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gross axle weight rating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"GAWR" redirects here. For the Turkish town formerly known as "Gawr", see <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCksekova" title="Yüksekova">Yüksekova</a>. For the virtual YouTuber, see <a href="/wiki/Gawr_Gura" title="Gawr Gura">Gawr Gura</a>.</div> <p>The gross axle weight rating (GAWR) is the maximum distributed weight that may be supported by an <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axle</a> of a road vehicle. Typically, GAWR is followed by either the letters FR or RR, which indicate front or rear axles respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Importance">Importance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Road damage rises steeply with axle weight, and is estimated "as a rule of thumb... for reasonably strong pavement surfaces" to be proportional to the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_power" title="Fourth power">fourth power</a> of the axle weight.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that doubling the axle weight will increase road damage (2x2x2x2)=16 times.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, trucks with a high axle weight are heavily taxed in most countries. </p><p>Examples of GAWR on common axles: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Axle </th> <th>GAWR (Max) </th> <th>Manufacturer </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_30" title="Dana 30">Dana 30</a></td> <td>2,770 lb or 1,260 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_35" title="Dana 35">Dana 35</a></td> <td>2,770 lb or 1,260 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_44" title="Dana 44">Dana 44</a></td> <td>3,500 lb or 1,600 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_50" title="Dana 50">Dana 50</a></td> <td>5,000 lb or 2,300 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_60" title="Dana 60">Dana 60</a></td> <td>6,500 lb or 2,900 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_60#Dana_Super_60_(Dana_S_60)" title="Dana 60">Dana S 60</a></td> <td>7,000 lb or 3,200 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_70" title="Dana 70">Dana 70</a></td> <td>10,000 lb or 4,500 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_80" title="Dana 80">Dana 80</a></td> <td>12,000 lb or 5,400 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_S_110" title="Dana S 110">Dana S 110</a></td> <td>14,700 lb or 6,700 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_S_130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana S 130 (page does not exist)">Dana S 130</a></td> <td>16,000 lb or 7,300 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Holding_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Holding Corporation">Dana Holding Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_9-inch_axle" title="Ford 9-inch axle">Ford 9-inch axle</a></td> <td>3,600 lb or 1,600 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_8.8_axle" title="Ford 8.8 axle">Ford 8.8 axle</a></td> <td>3,800 lb or 1,700 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sterling_10.5_axle" title="Sterling 10.5 axle">Sterling 10.5 axle</a></td> <td>9,750 lb or 4,420 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10.5%22_Corporate_14_Bolt_Differential" class="mw-redirect" title="10.5" Corporate 14 Bolt Differential">10.5" Corporate 14 Bolt Differential</a></td> <td>8,600 lb or 3,900 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10.5%22_Corporate_14_Bolt_Differential#11.5_AAM" class="mw-redirect" title="10.5" Corporate 14 Bolt Differential">11.5 AAM</a></td> <td>10,000 lb or 4,500 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10.5%22_Corporate_14_Bolt_Differential#10.5_AAM" class="mw-redirect" title="10.5" Corporate 14 Bolt Differential">10.5 AAM</a></td> <td>9,000 lb or 4,100 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_9.5-inch_axle" title="Saginaw 9.5-inch axle">Saginaw 9.5-inch axle</a></td> <td>6,000 lb or 2,700 kg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maximum_weight_laws">Maximum weight laws</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Maximum weight laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the EU and U.S. legal maximum load restrictions are placed on weight, independent of the manufacturer's rating. In the EU a tractor can generally have 10 tonnes (22,000 lb) on a single axle, with suspension type and number of tires often allowing slightly higher loads. In the U.S. weight restrictions are generally 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) on a single axle, and 34,000 pounds (15,000 kg) (less than two single axles) on a tandem. The primary factor is distance between axle centerlines, also used to measure <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bridge_Gross_Weight_Formula" title="Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula">bridge formulas</a>. A bridge formula does not reduce axle load allowance, rather gross vehicle weight (GVW), which can affect load distribution and actual axle weights.<sup id="cite_ref-eusize_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eusize-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usdotbridge_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdotbridge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usdotsize_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdotsize-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carsdirect.com/car-safety/curb-weight-vs-gross-vehicle-weight">"Curb Weight vs Gross Vehicle Weight – CarsDirect"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curb+Weight+vs+Gross+Vehicle+Weight+%E2%80%93+CarsDirect&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carsdirect.com%2Fcar-safety%2Fcurb-weight-vs-gross-vehicle-weight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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U.S. Department of Transportation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freight+Management+and+Operations%3A+Size+Regulations&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fops.fhwa.dot.gov%2Ffreight%2Fpublications%2Fsize_regs_final_rpt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_metrics" title="Vehicular metrics">Vehicular metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_size_class" title="Vehicle size class">Vehicle size class</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&oldid=1243435382#Curb_or_kerb_weight">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_weight&oldid=1243435382#Curb_or_kerb_weight</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass" title="Category:Mass">Mass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vehicle_technology" title="Category:Vehicle technology">Vehicle technology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2021">Use dmy dates from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 September 2024, at 12:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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