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<span>Appointment as High Commissioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_as_High_Commissioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samuel_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samuel_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Samuel Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samuel_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literary career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="هربرت صموئيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هربرت صموئيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1._Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1. Viscount Samuel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herbert Samuel, 1. Viscount Samuel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Louis_Samuel" title="Herbert Louis Samuel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herbert Louis Samuel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84" title="هربرت ساموئل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هربرت ساموئل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%83%88%EB%AE%A4%EC%96%BC" title="허버트 새뮤얼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허버트 새뮤얼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C" title="הרברט סמואל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרברט סמואל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="هربرت صموئيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هربرت صموئيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB_(%E5%88%9D%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5)" title="ハーバート・サミュエル (初代サミュエル子爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーバート・サミュエル (初代サミュエル子爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Louis_Samuel" title="Herbert Louis Samuel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herbert Louis Samuel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Сэмюэл, Герберт Луис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сэмюэл, Герберт Луис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Herbert Samuel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1:e_viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1:e viscount Samuel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herbert Samuel, 1:e viscount Samuel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Герберт Семуель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герберт Семуель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerberts_Samo%C4%97lis" title="Gerberts Samoėlis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gerberts Samoėlis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94" title="赫伯特·塞缪尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫伯特·塞缪尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335218#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British politician (1870–1963)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Viscount Samuel</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">GCB</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">OM</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">PC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Samuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Herbert_Samuel.jpg/220px-Herbert_Samuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Herbert_Samuel.jpg/330px-Herbert_Samuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Herbert_Samuel.jpg/440px-Herbert_Samuel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Samuel <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1916</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Liberal Party (UK)">Leader of the Liberal Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 November 1931 – 26 November 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Archibald Sinclair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Archibald Sinclair</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Liberal Party (UK)">Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 May 1929 – 4 November 1931</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Archibald Sinclair</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner for Palestine">High Commissioner for Palestine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 July 1920 – 30 June 1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Plumer,_1st_Viscount_Plumer" title="Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer">Sir Herbert Plumer</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 August 1931 – 1 October 1932</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Clynes" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robert Clynes">John Robert Clynes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Gilmour,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Gilmour, Bt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 January – 7 December 1916</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Sir John Simon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Sir George Cave</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Postmaster General">Postmaster-General</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 May 1915 – 18 January 1916</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Hobhouse,_4th_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles Hobhouse, 4th Baronet">Sir Charles Hobhouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Joseph A. Pease</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 February 1910 – 11 February 1914</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Buxton,_1st_Earl_Buxton" title="Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton">Sydney Buxton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Hobhouse,_4th_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles Hobhouse, 4th Baronet">Sir Charles Hobhouse</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 November 1915 – 11 February 1916</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Edwin Montagu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 June 1909 – 14 February 1910</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_1st_Baron_Fitzmaurice" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond Petty-Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron Fitzmaurice">The Lord Fitzmaurice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Joseph A. Pease</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Local_Government_Board" title="President of the Local Government Board">President of the Local Government Board</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 February 1914 – 25 November 1915</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Burns" title="John Burns">John Burns</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Darwen_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Darwen (UK Parliament constituency)">Darwen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 May 1929 – 25 October 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sanderson" title="Frank Sanderson">Frank Sanderson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Russell_(politician)" title="Stuart Russell (politician)">Stuart Russell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cleveland (UK Parliament constituency)">Cleveland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 November 1902 – 25 November 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alfred_Pease,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Alfred Pease, 2nd Baronet">Alfred Pease</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Park_Goff" title="Park Goff">Park Goff</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Herbert Louis Samuel</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1870-11-06</span>)</span>6 November 1870<br /><a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 1963<span style="display:none">(1963-02-05)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Beatrice Franklin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Samuel,_2nd_Viscount_Samuel" title="Edwin Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel">Edwin</a> <br /> Philip <br /> Godfrey <br /> Nancy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Herbert Louis Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (6 November 1870 – 5 February 1963) was a British <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> politician who was the party leader from 1931 to 1935. </p><p>He was the first nominally-practising <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jew</a> to serve as a Cabinet minister and to become the leader of a major British political party. Samuel had promoted <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">British Cabinet</a>, beginning with his 1915 memorandum entitled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Palestine" title="The Future of Palestine">The Future of Palestine</a></i>. In 1920 he was appointed as the first <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner for Palestine">High Commissioner for Palestine</a>, in charge of the administration of the territory. </p><p>Samuel was the last member of the Liberal Party to hold one of the four <a href="/wiki/Great_Offices_of_State" title="Great Offices of State">Great Offices of State</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> from 1931 to 1932 in the <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1931%E2%80%931935)" title="National Government (1931–1935)">National Government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wasserstein_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wasserstein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the adherents of "New Liberalism",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuel helped to draft and present social reform legislation while he was serving as a Liberal cabinet member.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuel led the party in both the <a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931 general election</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935 general election</a>, during which period the party's number of seats in parliament fell from 59 to 21. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg/220px-1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg/330px-1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg/440px-1893_Herbert_Samuel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>Samuel in 1893</figcaption></figure> <p>Herbert Samuel was born at <i>Claremont</i> No. 11 Belvidere Road, <a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, in 1870. The building now houses part of <a href="/wiki/The_Belvedere_Academy" title="The Belvedere Academy">the Belvedere Academy</a>. Around 1775, his great-grandfather, Menachem Samuel,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had emigrated from Kempen in Posen (now <a href="/wiki/K%C4%99pno" title="Kępno">Kępno</a>), not far from the city of Posen (now <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>), to Britain and his grandfather, Louis Samuel (1794-1859), was born in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. He was the son of Clara (Yates) and Edwin Louis Samuel (1825–1877).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His uncle was born Montagu Samuel,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but became better known as <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Montagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Montagu">Samuel Montagu</a>, founder of the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Montagu_%26_Co." title="Samuel Montagu & Co.">bank</a>. He was also known by a Hebrew name, Eliezer ben Pinchas Shmuel<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. His eldest brother, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Samuel_(politician)" title="Stuart Samuel (politician)">Sir Stuart Samuel</a>, was also a successful Liberal politician; his only sister, Mabel (1862–1938) married the influential art-critic <a href="/wiki/Marion_Spielmann" title="Marion Spielmann">Marion Spielmann</a>, from the Spielmann dynasty of bankers and art-connoisseurs. </p><p>He was educated at <a href="/wiki/University_College_School" title="University College School">University College School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, London and <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a>, but at home he had a <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> upbringing.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1892, while at Oxford he renounced all religious belief, writing to his mother to inform her. Samuel worked through the influence of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> and the book <i>On Compromise</i> by senior Liberal politician <a href="/wiki/John_Morley" title="John Morley">John Morley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He remained a member of the Jewish community, however, to please his wife,<sup id="cite_ref-Wasserstein_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wasserstein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and observed the Sabbath and Jewish food laws at home "for hygienic reasons".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samuel unsuccessfully fought two general elections before being elected a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> at the November <a href="/wiki/1902_Cleveland_by-election" title="1902 Cleveland by-election">1902 Cleveland by-election</a>, as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a> in 1909 by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, first as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> and then as <a href="/wiki/Postmaster_General" title="Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Local_Government_Board" title="President of the Local Government Board">President of the Local Government Board</a> and eventually <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>. </p><p>He put forward the idea of establishing a British <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> over <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> in 1915, and his ideas influenced the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>. As Home Secretary, Samuel faced a shortage of manpower needed to fight in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and he initiated legislation to offer thousands of Russian refugees (many of them young Jews) a choice between conscription into the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> or returning to Russia for military service.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1916, Asquith was replaced as prime minister by <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>. Lloyd George asked Samuel to continue as Home Secretary, but Samuel chose to resign instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He attempted to strike a balance between giving support to the new government while remaining loyal to Asquith. At the end of the war he sought election at the <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">general election of 1918</a> as a Liberal in support of the Coalition government. However, the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">government's endorsement</a> was given to his Unionist opponent, and he was defeated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_rights"><span id="Women.27s_rights"></span>Women's rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Women's rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially he had not been a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> but then changed his position. In 1917, a Speaker's Conference was charged with looking into giving women the vote but did not have, in its terms of reference, consideration to women standing as candidates for <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a>. However, Samuel moved a separate motion on 23 October 1918 to allow women to be eligible as Members of Parliament. The vote was passed by 274 to 25, and the government rushed through a bill to make it law in time for the 1918 election.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_Commissioner_for_Palestine">High Commissioner for Palestine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: High Commissioner for Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One month after Britain's declaration of war on the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in November 1914, Samuel met <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a>, who was to become the President of the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a> and later the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a>. According to Weizmann's memoirs, Samuel was already an avid believer in Zionism and believed that Weizmann's demands were too modest. Samuel did not want to enter into a detailed discussion of his plans but mentioned that "the Jews would have to build railways, harbours, a university, a network of schools, etc", as well as potentially a Temple in "modernised form".<sup id="cite_ref-Weiz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1915, Samuel circulated a memorandum, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Palestine" title="The Future of Palestine">The Future of Palestine</a></i>, to his cabinet colleagues, suggesting that Britain should conquer Palestine in order to protect the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> against foreign powers, and for Palestine to become a home for the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The memorandum stated, "I am assured that the solution of the problem of Palestine which would be much the most welcome to the leaders and supporters of the Zionist movement throughout the world would be the annexation of the country to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>". In March 1915, Samuel replaced the January 1915 draft version with the final version of his memorandum, toned down from the earlier draft, explicitly ruling out any idea of immediately establishing a Jewish state and emphasizing that non-Jews must receive equal treatment under any scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment_as_High_Commissioner">Appointment as High Commissioner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appointment as High Commissioner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg/250px-Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg/375px-Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg/500px-Jerusalem_King_George_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Historic plaque in <a href="/wiki/King_George_Street_(Jerusalem)" title="King George Street (Jerusalem)">King George Street</a>, Jerusalem, marking the opening of the street in 1924 by Herbert Samuel, during his term as High Commissioner</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99_(%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8),_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95_-_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF023883.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99_%28%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%29%2C_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95_-_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF023883.jpeg/220px-thumbnail.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99_%28%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%29%2C_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95_-_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF023883.jpeg/330px-thumbnail.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99_%28%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%29%2C_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95_-_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF023883.jpeg/440px-thumbnail.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Herbert Samuel at wedding of his son <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Samuel">Edwin Samuel</a>, 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg/220px-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg/330px-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg/440px-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF021364.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Herbert Samuel with <a href="/wiki/Edmond_James_de_Rothschild" title="Edmond James de Rothschild">Edmond Rothschild</a>, 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1917, Britain occupied Palestine (then part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) during the course of the First World War. Samuel lost his seat in the <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">election of 1918</a> and became a candidate to represent British interests in the territory. </p><p>He was appointed to the position of <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Commissioner</a> in 1920, before the Council of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> approved a British mandate for Palestine. Nonetheless, the military government withdrew to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> in preparation for the expected British <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">Mandate</a>, which was finally granted two years later by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. He served as High Commissioner until 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuel was the first Jew to govern the historic <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> in 2000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He recognised <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> as one of the three official languages of the territory. He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire</a> (GBE) on 11 June 1920. </p><p>Samuel's appointment to High Commissioner for Palestine was controversial. While the Zionists welcomed the appointment of a <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist Jew</a> to the post, the military government, headed by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Allenby,_1st_Viscount_Allenby" title="Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby">Edmund Allenby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bols" title="Louis Bols">Louis Bols</a>, called Samuel's appointment "highly dangerous".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Technically, Allenby noted, the appointment was illegal, as a civil administration that would compel the inhabitants of an occupied country to express their allegiance to it before a formal peace treaty (with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) was signed violated both <a href="/wiki/Military_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Military law">military law</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_(1899_and_1907)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)">Hague Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bols said the news was received with "consternation, despondency and exasperation" by the Muslims and Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allenby said that the Arabs would see it "as handing country over at once to a permanent Zionist Administration" and predicted massive violence. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a> read the last message to Samuel and asked him to reconsider accepting the post. Samuel took advice from a delegation in London representing the Zionists, who told him that the "alarmist" reports were not justified.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Muslim-Christian_Associations" title="Muslim-Christian Associations">Muslim-Christian Association</a> had sent a telegram to Bols: </p><blockquote><p>Sir Herbert Samuel regarded as a Zionist leader, and his appointment as first step in formation of Zionist national home in the midst of Arab people contrary to their wishes. Inhabitants cannot recognise him, and Muslim-Christian Society cannot accept responsibility for riots or other disturbances of peace.</p></blockquote><p> The wisdom of appointing Samuel was debated in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> a day before he arrived in Palestine. <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a> said that no "disparaging" remarks had been made during the debate but that "very grave doubts have been expressed as to the wisdom of sending a Jewish Administrator to the country at this moment". </p><p>Questions in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> of the period also show much concern about the choice of Samuel: "what action has been taken to placate the Arab population... and thereby put an end to racial tension". Three months after his arrival, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Morning_Post" title="The Morning Post">The Morning Post</a></i> commented: "Sir Herbert Samuel's appointment as High Commissioner was regarded by everyone, except Jews, as a serious mistake." </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg/530px-Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="530" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg/795px-Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg/1060px-Jerusalem_church_leaders_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption>Sir Herbert Samuel, seated centre, with <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Jerusalem church</a> leaders and British officials, 1922.</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman,_T.E._Lawrence,_Sir_Herbert_Samuel,_Amir_Abdullah,_April,_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman%2C_T.E._Lawrence%2C_Sir_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Amir_Abdullah%2C_April%2C_1921.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman%2C_T.E._Lawrence%2C_Sir_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Amir_Abdullah%2C_April%2C_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman%2C_T.E._Lawrence%2C_Sir_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Amir_Abdullah%2C_April%2C_1921.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman%2C_T.E._Lawrence%2C_Sir_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Amir_Abdullah%2C_April%2C_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman%2C_T.E._Lawrence%2C_Sir_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Amir_Abdullah%2C_April%2C_1921.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_On_the_Aerodrome_at_Amman%2C_T.E._Lawrence%2C_Sir_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Amir_Abdullah%2C_April%2C_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2621" data-file-height="3513" /></a><figcaption>Sir Herbert Samuel (centre), with <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg hat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Sheik Majid Pasha el Adwan</a> (at far right) and <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Bell" title="Gertrude Bell">Gertrude Bell</a> (at left) at the aerodrome of <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, April 1921</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF003283.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF003283.jpeg/220px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF003283.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF003283.jpeg/330px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF003283.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C-JNF003283.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Herbert Samuel, 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>As High Commissioner, Samuel attempted to mediate between <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> and Arab interests, acting to slow Jewish immigration and win the confidence of the Arab population. He hoped to gain Arab participation in mandate affairs and to guard their civil and economic rights, but refused them any authority that could be used to stop Jewish immigration and land purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Wasserstein his policy was "subtly designed to reconcile Arabs to the... pro-Zionist policy" of the British.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> custom at the time was that the chief Islamic spiritual leader, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a> of Jerusalem, was to be chosen by the temporal ruler, the Ottoman Sultan in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, from a group of clerics nominated by the indigenous clerics. After the British conquered Palestine, Samuel chose <a href="/wiki/Haj_Amin_al_Husseini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj Amin al Husseini">Haj Amin al Husseini</a>, who later proved a thorn in the side of the British administration in Palestine. At the same time, he enjoyed the respect of the Jewish community, and he was honoured by being called to the <a href="/wiki/Torah_reading" title="Torah reading">Torah</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hurva_synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurva synagogue">Hurva synagogue</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Samuel's administration the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a> was published. It supported Jewish immigration within the economic absorptive capacity of the country to accommodate them and defined the Jewish national homeland as: </p> <blockquote><p>not the imposition of a Jewish nationality upon the inhabitants of Palestine as a whole, but the further development of the existing Jewish community, with the assistance of Jews in other parts of the world, in order that it may become a centre in which the Jewish people as a whole may take, on grounds of religion and race, an interest and a pride.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Samuel won the confidence of all sections of the population by his noted "impartiality".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He struck a particularly strong relationship with <a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Rutenberg" title="Pinhas Rutenberg">Pinhas Rutenberg</a>, granting him exclusive concessions to produce and distribute electricity in Palestine and Trans-Jordan, often strongly backing Rutenberg in his relations with the Colonial Office in London.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Samuel government signed the Ghor-Mudawarra Land Agreement with the Baysan Valley Bedouin tribes, that earmarked for transfer 179,545 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> of state land to the Bedouin.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Samuel's role in Palestine is still debated. According to Wasserstein: </p> <blockquote><p>He is remembered kindly neither by the majority of Zionist historians, who tend to regard him as one of the originators of the process whereby the Balfour Declaration in favour of Zionism was gradually diluted and ultimately betrayed by Great Britain, nor by Arab nationalists who regard him as a personification of the alliance between Zionism and British imperialism and as one of those responsible for the displacement of the Palestinian Arabs from their homeland. In fact, both are mistaken.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samuel_Commission">Samuel Commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Samuel Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Special:EditPage/Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Herbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel%22">"Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Herbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Herbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Herbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Herbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Herbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On his return to Britain in 1925, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> asked Samuel to look into the problems of the mining industry. The <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Commission" title="Samuel Commission">Samuel Commission</a> published its report in March 1926, recommending a reorganisation of the industry but rejecting the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a>. The report also recommended the government subsidy to be withdrawn and the miners' wages reduced. The report was one of the leading factors that led to the <a href="/wiki/UK_General_Strike_1926" class="mw-redirect" title="UK General Strike 1926">1926 General Strike</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_political_career">Later political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann,_Herbert_Samuel,_Lloyd_George,_Ethel_Snowden,_Philip_Snowden.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg/200px-Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg/300px-Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg/400px-Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vera_Weizmann" title="Vera Weizmann">Vera Weizmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a>, Herbert Samuel, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Snowden" title="Ethel Snowden">Ethel Snowden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Snowden">Philip Snowden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Samuel returned to the House of Commons following the <a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929 general election</a>. Two years later, he became deputy leader of the Liberal Party and acted as leader in the summer of 1931 when Lloyd George was ill. Under Samuel, the party served in the first <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Government (UK)">National Government</a> of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> formed in August 1931, with Samuel himself serving as <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>. However the government's willingness to consider the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist tariffs</a> and call a general election to seek a mandate led to the Liberal Party fragmenting into three distinct groups. <a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Sir John Simon</a> had already led a breakaway group of MPs to form the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">Liberal National Party</a>. </p><p>The Liberal leader, Lloyd George, led a small group of <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(UK,_1931)" title="Independent Liberals (UK, 1931)">Independent Liberals</a>, opposing the National Government. That left Samuel effectively as leader of the parliamentary party and in control of party headquarters. The government's moves to introduce tariffs caused further friction for the Liberals, and Samuel withdrew the party from the government in stages, first obtaining the suspension of <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_collective_responsibility" title="Cabinet collective responsibility">cabinet collective responsibility</a> on the matter to allow Liberal members of the government to oppose tariffs. In October 1932, the Liberal ministers resigned their ministerial posts but continued to support the National Government in parliament. Finally, in November 1933, Samuel and the bulk of the Liberal MPs <a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">crossed the floor</a> of the House of Commons and opposed the government outright. He remained leader of the Liberal Party until he again lost his seat in 1935. </p><p>In 1937, he was granted the title <b><a href="/wiki/Viscount_Samuel" title="Viscount Samuel">Viscount Samuel</a></b>; later that year, Samuel, despite his Jewish ancestry, aligned himself with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>'s appeasement policy towards <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, urged that Germany be cleared of its 1914 war guilt and recommended the return of <a href="/wiki/German_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="German colonies">German colonies</a> lost after the war. His biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Bowle" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edward Bowle">John Edward Bowle</a> noted Samuel's recollection of his comments to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Lord Halifax</a> in a conversation shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> in 1938: </p> <blockquote><p>I said that I regarded Hitler as a man with a conscience — a conscience that sometimes led him to do things that were very bad; but he was not a man who would do what he knew to be a crime as Napoleon would have. The danger was that, being a mystic and impetuous, he might easily be swept away at some moment of crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowle1957_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowle1957-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He declined a later offer by Chamberlain to return to government. In 1938, he supported the <i><a href="/wiki/Kindertransport" title="Kindertransport">Kindertransport</a></i> movement for refugee children from Europe with an appeal for homes for them. </p><p>Samuel later became the leader of the Liberal Party in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (1944–1955). During the <a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951 general election</a>, on 15 October 1951, Samuel became the first British politician to deliver a party political broadcast on television.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had previously fronted a broadcast on television at the <a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950 election</a>, but this was merely a recording of a radio speech he had made earlier the same evening rather than a true party political broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliticalCompendiump55_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliticalCompendiump55-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 November 1897 Samuel <a href="/wiki/Cousin_marriage" title="Cousin marriage">married his first cousin</a> Beatrice Miriam (1871–1959), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Abraham_Franklin" title="Ellis Abraham Franklin">Ellis Abraham Franklin</a>, a banker. They had three sons and one daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Herbert_Samuel,_2nd_Viscount_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel">Edwin</a>, served in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Legion" title="Jewish Legion">Jewish Legion</a>. </p><p>Samuel was great-uncle to the scientist <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a>, the co-discoverer of DNA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his later years, he remained concerned over the future of humanity and of science, writing three books: <i>Essays in Physics</i> (1951), <i>In Search of Reality</i> (1957) and a collaborative work, <i>A Threefold Cord: Philosophy, Science, Religion</i> (1961). The three works tended to conflict with the beliefs of the scientific establishment, especially as his collaborator and friend in the last work was <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Dingle" title="Herbert Dingle">Herbert Dingle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg/225px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg/300px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Escutcheon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_Escutcheon.png/200px-Samuel_Escutcheon.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_Escutcheon.png/300px-Samuel_Escutcheon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_Escutcheon.png/400px-Samuel_Escutcheon.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Crest</dt> <dd>In front of a Sun rising Or a Dove wings elevated and addorsed holding in the beak an Olive Branch proper</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Or a Bend between two Caps of Liberty Gules on a Chief Sable a Balance of the first</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On either side a Lion Or the dexter gorged with a Collar Gules and resting the interior hind leg on a Stump of Oak eradicated and sprouting proper the sinister gorged with an Eastern Crown also Gules and resting the interior hind leg on a Stump of Olive eradicated and sprouting also proper</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Turn Not Aside<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Liberalism in the United Kingdom">Liberalism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Jerusalem_Society" title="Pro-Jerusalem Society">Pro-Jerusalem Society</a> - Herbert Samuel was its Honorary President</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFreedland2003" class="citation news cs1">Freedland, Jonathan (31 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/oct/31/conservatives.politicalcolumnists">"Profile: Michael Howard"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Michael+Howard&rft.date=2003-10-31&rft.aulast=Freedland&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2003%2Foct%2F31%2Fconservatives.politicalcolumnists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wasserstein-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wasserstein_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wasserstein_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasserstein2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wasserstein, Bernard (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35928?docPos=1">"Samuel, Herbert Louis"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35928">10.1093/ref:odnb/35928</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samuel%2C+Herbert+Louis&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35928&rft.aulast=Wasserstein&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F35928%3FdocPos%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucherVincent2012" class="citation book cs1">Boucher, David; Vincent, Andrew (2 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xe1GAQAAQBAJ&q=herbert+samuel+new+liberal&pg=PA127"><i>British Idealism: A Guide for the Perplexed</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826496782" title="Special:BookSources/9780826496782"><bdi>9780826496782</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Idealism%3A+A+Guide+for+the+Perplexed&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft.isbn=9780826496782&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXe1GAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dherbert%2Bsamuel%2Bnew%2Bliberal%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayborn2002" class="citation book cs1">Layborn, Keith (11 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgGDAgAAQBAJ&q=herbert+samuel+new+liberalism+probation&pg=PA206"><i>Fifty Key Figures in Twentieth Century British Politics</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134588749" title="Special:BookSources/9781134588749"><bdi>9781134588749</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Key+Figures+in+Twentieth+Century+British+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.isbn=9781134588749&rft.aulast=Layborn&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgGDAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dherbert%2Bsamuel%2Bnew%2Bliberalism%2Bprobation%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine1991" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Naomi (September 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQQUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13"><i>Politics, Religion, and Love: The Story of H.H. Asquith, Venetia Stanley, and Edwin Montagu, Based on the Life and Letters of Edwin Samuel Montagu</i></a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814750575" title="Special:BookSources/9780814750575"><bdi>9780814750575</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics%2C+Religion%2C+and+Love%3A+The+Story+of+H.H.+Asquith%2C+Venetia+Stanley%2C+and+Edwin+Montagu%2C+Based+on+the+Life+and+Letters+of+Edwin+Samuel+Montagu&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1991-09&rft.isbn=9780814750575&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQQUCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasserstein,_Bernard2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wasserstein, Bernard (2004). "Samuel, Herbert Louis, first Viscount Samuel (1870–1963), politician". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35928">10.1093/ref:odnb/35928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samuel%2C+Herbert+Louis%2C+first+Viscount+Samuel+%281870%E2%80%931963%29%2C+politician&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35928&rft.au=Wasserstein%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistory" class="citation web cs1">History, Liberal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liberalhistory.org.uk/history/samuel-herbert-viscount-samuel/">"Herbert Samuel (Viscount Samuel), 1870-1963 · Liberal History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herbert+Samuel+%28Viscount+Samuel%29%2C+1870-1963+%C2%B7+Liberal+History&rft.aulast=History&rft.aufirst=Liberal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliberalhistory.org.uk%2Fhistory%2Fsamuel-herbert-viscount-samuel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_by_Viscount_Samuel_1945_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Memoirs by Viscount Samuel (1945)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wasserstein, Bernard, <i>"Herbert Samuel: A Political Life"</i> 1992, p.9. Cited by Huneidi, Sahar "A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians", 2001, p.80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27492" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27492/page/7089">"No. 27492"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 7 November 1902. p. 7089.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27492&rft.pages=7089&rft.date=1902-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27492%2Fpage%2F7089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Modern British Jewry</i>, Geoffrey Alderman, Oxford University Press p. 237-238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Memoirs</i>, Viscount Samuel (1950) p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiz-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weiz_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeizmann1983" class="citation book cs1">Weizmann, Chaim (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg3laOc4okEC&pg=PA122"><i>The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: August 1898 – July 1931</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. pp. 122–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-279-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-279-5"><bdi>978-0-87855-279-5</bdi></a>. <q>He believed that my demands were too modest, that big things would have to be done in Palestine; he himself would move and would expect Jewry to move immediately the military situation was cleared up…. The Jews would have to bring sacrifices and he was prepared to do so. At this point I ventured to ask in which way the plans of Mr. Samuel were more ambitious than mine. Mr. Samuel preferred not to enter into a discussion of his plans, as he would like to keep them 'liquid', but he suggested that the Jews would have to build railways, harbours, a university, a network of schools, etc… He also thinks that perhaps the Temple may be rebuilt, as a symbol of Jewish unity, of course, in a modernised form.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+and+Papers+of+Chaim+Weizmann%3A+August+1898+%E2%80%93+July+1931&rft.pages=122-124&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-87855-279-5&rft.aulast=Weizmann&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPg3laOc4okEC%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.D. Smith, 2001, <i>Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict</i>, 4th ed., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-20828-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-20828-6">0-312-20828-6</a>, pp. 60, 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneer2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Schneer" title="Jonathan Schneer">Schneer, Jonathan</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YtSCkDqr-ZMC&pg=PA144"><i>The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict</i></a>. A&C Black. pp. 144–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-0970-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-0970-9"><bdi>978-1-4088-0970-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balfour+Declaration%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict&rft.pages=144-&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4088-0970-9&rft.aulast=Schneer&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYtSCkDqr-ZMC%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasserstein1976" class="citation journal cs1">Wasserstein, Bernard (1976). "Herbert Samuel and the Palestine Problem". <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>91</b> (361): 753–775. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCI.CCCLXI.753">10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLXI.753</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/565641">565641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Herbert+Samuel+and+the+Palestine+Problem&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=361&rft.pages=753-775&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCI.CCCLXI.753&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F565641%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wasserstein&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/samuel.html">Jewish Virtual Library</a> Herbert Louis Samuel (1870–1963)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vital, <i>Zionism</i>, p. 83. Also Knox, <i>The Making of a New Eastern Question</i>, p. 153, and Ingrams, <i>Palestine Papers</i>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Laurens, <i>La Question de Palestine</i>, Fayard, Paris 1999 vol.1 p.523</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingrams, <i>Palestine Papers</i>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel, Memoirs, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.D. Smith, 2001, <i>Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict</i>, 4th ed., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-20828-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-20828-6">0-312-20828-6</a>, pp. 110–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Wasserstein, 1978, <i>British in Palestine</i>, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorovitz2000" class="citation book cs1">Horovitz, Ahron (2000). <i>Jerusalem, Footsteps Through Time</i>. <a href="/wiki/Feldheim_Publishers" title="Feldheim Publishers">Feldheim</a>. pp. 171–174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1583303987" title="Special:BookSources/1583303987"><bdi>1583303987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%2C+Footsteps+Through+Time&rft.pages=171-174&rft.pub=Feldheim&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1583303987&rft.aulast=Horovitz&rft.aufirst=Ahron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725185715/http://cojs.org/cojswiki/Palestine_Correspondence_with_the_Palestine_Arab_Delegation_and_the_Zionist_Organization_%28Cmd._1700%29_%28White_Paper_of_1922%29_%E2%80%93_June_1%2C_1922.">"The Palestine White Paper of 1922 (Cmd. 1700) Palestinian Correspondence with Zionists"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cojs.org/cojswiki/Palestine_Correspondence_with_the_Palestine_Arab_Delegation_and_the_Zionist_Organization_%28Cmd._1700%29_%28White_Paper_of_1922%29_%E2%80%93_June_1%2C_1922.">the original</a> on 25 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Palestine+White+Paper+of+1922+%28Cmd.+1700%29+Palestinian+Correspondence+with+Zionists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcojs.org%2Fcojswiki%2FPalestine_Correspondence_with_the_Palestine_Arab_Delegation_and_the_Zionist_Organization_%2528Cmd._1700%2529_%2528White_Paper_of_1922%2529_%25E2%2580%2593_June_1%252C_1922.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, Vol. 32, (1922) p. 1131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamir2013" class="citation book cs1">Shamir, Ronen (2013). <i>Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine</i>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8706-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8706-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-8706-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Flow%3A+The+Electrification+of+Palestine&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-8706-2&rft.aulast=Shamir&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeth_J._FrantzmanRuth_Kark2011" class="citation web cs1">Seth J. Frantzman; Ruth Kark (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.huji.ac.il/.upload/RuthPub/136.pdf">"Bedouin Settlement in Late Ottoman and British Mandatory Palestine: Influence on the Cultural and Environmental Landscape, 1870–1948"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bedouin+Settlement+in+Late+Ottoman+and+British+Mandatory+Palestine%3A+Influence+on+the+Cultural+and+Environmental+Landscape%2C+1870%E2%80%931948&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Seth+J.+Frantzman&rft.au=Ruth+Kark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.huji.ac.il%2F.upload%2FRuthPub%2F136.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Wasserstein1976" class="citation journal cs1">Bernard Wasserstein (1976). "Herbert Samuel and the Palestine Problem". <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>91</b>: 753–775. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fxci.ccclxi.753">10.1093/ehr/xci.ccclxi.753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Herbert+Samuel+and+the+Palestine+Problem&rft.volume=91&rft.pages=753-775&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2Fxci.ccclxi.753&rft.au=Bernard+Wasserstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowle1957-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowle1957_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowle1957" class="citation book cs1">Bowle, John (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CZwgAAAAMAAJ"><i>Viscount Samuel, a Biography</i></a>. Gollancz. p. 309.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viscount+Samuel%2C+a+Biography&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Gollancz&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Bowle&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCZwgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wasserstein, Bernard, "Herbert Samuel: A Political Life" 1992, p.396</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliticalCompendiump55-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PoliticalCompendiump55_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2022" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Jeff (2022). <i>The Political Compendium</i>. Newcastle upon Tyne: Zymurgy Publishing. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903506-49-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903506-49-3"><bdi>978-1-903506-49-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Compendium&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Zymurgy+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-903506-49-3&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Wasserstein, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35928">Samuel, Herbert Louis, first Viscount Samuel (1870–1963)</a>’, <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2011</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel1937" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Viscount Herbert (1937). <i>Belief and Action: An Everyday Philosophy</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belief+and+Action%3A+An+Everyday+Philosophy&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Viscount+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel1945" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Viscount Herbert (1945). <i>Memoirs</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Viscount+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel1930" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Horace Barnett (1930). <i>Unholy Memories of the Holy Land</i>. L. and Virginia Woolf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unholy+Memories+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=L.+and+Virginia+Woolf&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Horace+Barnett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Edward_Bowle1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Bowle" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edward Bowle">John Edward Bowle</a> (1957). <i>Viscount Samuel: A Biography</i>. Victor Gollancz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viscount+Samuel%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Victor+Gollancz&rft.date=1957&rft.au=John+Edward+Bowle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Trevor Wilson (ed.), <i>The Political Diaries of C.P.Scott 1911–1928</i>, Collins: St James Place, London, 1970.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="pp.753–75" class="citation journal cs1">Wasserstein, Bernard (October 1976). "Herbert Samuel and the Palestinian Problem". <i>English Historical Review</i>. <b>91</b> (361).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Herbert+Samuel+and+the+Palestinian+Problem&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=361&rft.date=1976-10&rft.aulast=Wasserstein&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasserstein1992" class="citation book cs1">Wasserstein, Bernard (1992). <i>Herbert Samuel: A Political Life</i>. Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herbert+Samuel%3A+A+Political+Life&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Wasserstein&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegev2000" class="citation book cs1">Segev, Tom (2000). <i>One Palestine, complete: Jews and Arabs under the British mandate</i>. London: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-64859-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-64859-0"><bdi>0-316-64859-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Palestine%2C+complete%3A+Jews+and+Arabs+under+the+British+mandate&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-316-64859-0&rft.aulast=Segev&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuneidi2001" class="citation book cs1">Huneidi, Sahar (2001). <i>A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Broken+Trust%2C+Herbert+Samuel%2C+Zionism+and+the+Palestinians&rft.place=London&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Huneidi&rft.aufirst=Sahar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+Samuel%2C+1st+Viscount+Samuel" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-herbert-samuel">contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Samuel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/yourcountry/collections/churchillexhibition/churchill-death/herbert-samuel/">Herbert Samuel & Churchill - UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/1968-theatre-censorship/1909-censorship-committee/">Herbert Samuel & 1909 Theatre Censorship Committee - UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/36648">Works by Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28+%22Herbert+Louis+Samuel%22+%29">Works by or about Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/PIdocs.asp?P=P25269">National Register of Archives: Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924080051/http://www.portcullis.parliament.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=3&dsqSearch=(RefNo='SAM')">Papers of Herbert Samuel</a> at the UK Parliamentary Archives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp05729">National Portrait Gallery: Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spartacus-educational.com/PRsamuel.htm">Spartacus Educational: Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060930234101/http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/item_single.php?item_id=16&item=biography">Biography of Samuel at the website of the Liberal Democrat History Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov.il/exhibition/mizpah-album/">Album MIZPAH</a>: Publication of an album which was given to Herbert Samuel by members of the American Colony in 1925. Israel State Archives site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/024921">Newspaper clippings about Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_SAM">Parliamentary Archives, Papers of Herbert Louis Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel, 1870-1963</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov.il/en/exhibition/herbert-samuel-and-the-british-mandate-for-palestine-the-formative-years/">Herbert Samuel and the British Mandate for Palestine: The Formative Years</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Israel_State_Archives" title="Israel State Archives">Israel State Archives</a> website</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alfred_Pease,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Alfred Pease, 2nd Baronet">Alfred Pease</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cleveland (UK Parliament constituency)">Cleveland</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1902_Cleveland_by-election" title="1902 Cleveland by-election">1902</a>–<a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Park_Goff,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Park Goff, 1st Baronet">Sir Park Goff, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Frank_Sanderson,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Frank Sanderson, 1st Baronet">Sir Frank Sanderson, Bt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Darwen_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Darwen (UK Parliament constituency)">Darwen</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a>–<a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Russell_(politician)" title="Stuart Russell (politician)">Stuart Russell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_1st_Baron_Cochrane_of_Cults" title="Thomas Cochrane, 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults">Thomas Cochrane</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department">Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department</a> </b><br />1905–1909 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Masterman" title="Charles Masterman">Charles Masterman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Petty-FitzMaurice,_1st_Baron_FitzMaurice" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond Petty-FitzMaurice, 1st Baron FitzMaurice">The Lord FitzMaurice</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </b><br />1909–1910 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Jack Pease</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Buxton,_1st_Earl_Buxton" title="Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton">Sydney Buxton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> </b><br />1910–1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hobhouse" title="Charles Hobhouse">Charles Hobhouse</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Burns" title="John Burns">John Burns</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Local_Government_Board" title="President of the Local Government Board">President of the Local Government Board</a> </b><br />1914–1915 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hobhouse" title="Charles Hobhouse">Charles Hobhouse</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> </b><br />1915–1916 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Jack Pease</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </b><br />1915–1916 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Samuel_Montagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Samuel Montagu">Edwin Samuel Montagu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Sir John Simon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> </b><br />January–December 1916 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Sir George Cave</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">J. R. Clynes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> </b><br />1931–1932 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Gilmour,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Gilmour, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bols" title="Louis Bols">Sir Louis Bols</a><br /><small>As Chief Administrator of Palestine</small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioners_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioners of Palestine">High Commissioner of Palestine</a> </b><br />1920–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Plumer,_1st_Viscount_Plumer" title="Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer">The Lord Plumer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">?</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Deputy Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1929–1931 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Sir Archibald Sinclair, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Leader of the Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1931–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Sir Archibald Sinclair, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">The Marquess of Crewe</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Party_leaders#Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Party leaders">Leader of the Liberals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> </b><br />1944–1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rea,_2nd_Baron_Rea" title="Philip Rea, 2nd Baron Rea">The Lord Rea</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">Peerage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Samuel" title="Viscount Samuel">Viscount Samuel</a> </b><br />1937–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Herbert_Samuel,_2nd_Viscount_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham,_2nd_Earl_of_Chichester" title="Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Philip_Yorke" title="Charles Philip Yorke">Yorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer" title="George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ryder_(politician,_born_1766)" title="Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Sidmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sturges_Bourne" title="William Sturges Bourne">Sturges Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">Duncannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Phipps,_1st_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="Constantine Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby">Normanby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Graham,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._S._Sotheron-Estcourt" title="T. H. S. Sotheron-Estcourt">Sotheron-Estcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathorne_Gathorne-Hardy,_1st_Earl_of_Cranbrook" title="Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Cross,_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Cross,_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Matthews,_1st_Viscount_Llandaff" title="Henry Matthews, 1st Viscount Llandaff">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_White_Ridley,_1st_Viscount_Ridley" title="Matthew White Ridley, 1st Viscount Ridley">Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_Akers-Douglas,_1st_Viscount_Chilston" title="Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston">Akers-Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gladstone,_1st_Viscount_Gladstone" title="Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shortt" title="Edward Shortt">Shortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeman,_1st_Viscount_Bridgeman" title="William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman">Bridgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joynson-Hicks,_1st_Viscount_Brentford" title="William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford">Joynson-Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Gilmour,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet">Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Somervell,_Baron_Somervell_of_Harrow" title="Donald Somervell, Baron Somervell of Harrow">Somervell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe,_1st_Earl_of_Kilmuir" title="David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir">Maxwell-Fyfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwilym_Lloyd_George" title="Gwilym Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Cumnor" title="Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Soskice" title="Frank Soskice">Soskice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlyn_Rees" title="Merlyn Rees">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Waddington" title="David Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">K. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">C. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Cooper</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_Crown_%26_Garter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/100px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/150px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/200px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK)"><abbr 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Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">The Earl of Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">The Earl of Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">The Marquess of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">The Marquess of Crewe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (1859–1916)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">The Viscount Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Marquess of Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Sir William Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Overall Leader</a> (1916–1988)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Sir Donald Maclean</a> <small><i>(Acting Leader)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sir Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso" title="Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso">Sir Archibald Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Davies" title="Clement Davies">Clement Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Grimond" title="Jo Grimond">Jo Grimond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thorpe" title="Jeremy Thorpe">Jeremy Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Template:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Template talk:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1834–1836 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li>1836–1838 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lemon" title="Charles Lemon">Sir Charles Lemon, Bt</a></li> <li>1838–1840 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1840–1842 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">Viscount Sandon</a></li> <li>1842–1843 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li>1843–1845 <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_7th_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury">Lord Ashley</a></li> <li>1845–1847 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">The Lord Monteagle of Brandon</a></li> <li>1847–1849 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1849–1851 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></li> <li>1851–1853 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jones-Loyd,_1st_Baron_Overstone" title="Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone">The Lord Overstone</a></li> <li>1853–1855 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1855–1857 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></li> <li>1857–1859 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></li> <li>1859–1861 <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></li> <li>1861–1863 <a href="/wiki/John_Pakington,_1st_Baron_Hampton" title="John Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton">Sir John Pakington, Bt</a></li> <li>1863–1865 <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Sykes" title="William Henry Sykes">William Henry Sykes</a></li> <li>1865–1867 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Monckton_Milnes,_1st_Baron_Houghton" title="Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton">The Lord Houghton</a></li> <li>1867–1869 <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li>1869–1871 <a href="/wiki/William_Newmarch" title="William Newmarch">William Newmarch</a></li> <li>1871–1873 <a href="/wiki/William_Farr" title="William Farr">William Farr</a></li> <li>1873–1875 <a href="/wiki/William_Guy" title="William Guy">William Guy</a></li> <li>1875–1877 <a href="/wiki/James_Heywood_(philanthropist)" title="James Heywood (philanthropist)">James Heywood</a></li> <li>1877–1879 <a href="/wiki/George_Shaw-Lefevre,_1st_Baron_Eversley" class="mw-redirect" title="George Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Baron Eversley">George Shaw-Lefevre</a></li> <li>1879–1880 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brassey,_1st_Earl_Brassey" title="Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey">Thomas Brassey</a></li> <li>1880–1882 <a href="/wiki/James_Caird_(1816-1892)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Caird (1816-1892)">James Caird</a></li> <li>1882–1884 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Giffen" title="Robert Giffen">Robert Giffen</a></li> <li>1884–1886 <a href="/wiki/Rawson_W._Rawson" title="Rawson W. Rawson">Rawson W. Rawson</a></li> <li>1886–1888 <a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">George Goschen</a></li> <li>1888–1890 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_Balfour" title="Thomas Graham Balfour">Thomas Graham Balfour</a></li> <li>1890–1892 <a href="/wiki/Frederic_J._Mouat" title="Frederic J. Mouat">Frederic J. Mouat</a></li> <li>1892–1894 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(social_reformer)" title="Charles Booth (social reformer)">Charles Booth</a></li> <li>1894–1896 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrer,_1st_Baron_Farrer" title="Thomas Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer">The Lord Farrer</a></li> <li>1896–1897 <a href="/wiki/John_Biddulph_Martin" title="John Biddulph Martin">John Biddulph Martin</a></li> <li>1897 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Edmund_Bateman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Edmund Bateman">Alfred Edmund Bateman</a></li> <li>1897–1899 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Courtney,_1st_Baron_Courtney_of_Penwith" title="Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith">Leonard Courtney</a></li> <li>1899–1900 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fowler,_1st_Viscount_Wolverhampton" title="Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton">Henry Fowler</a></li> <li>1900–1902 <a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">The Lord Avebury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1902–1904 <a href="/wiki/Patrick_George_Craigie" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick George Craigie">Patrick George Craigie</a></li> <li>1904–1905 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Powell,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Powell, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Powell, Bt</a></li> <li>1905–1906 <a href="/wiki/William_Onslow,_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">The Earl of Onslow</a></li> <li>1906–1907 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Martin,_1st_Baronet,_of_Overbury_Court" title="Sir Richard Martin, 1st Baronet, of Overbury Court">Richard Martin</a></li> <li>1907–1909 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Dilke,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet">Sir Charles Dilke, Bt</a></li> <li>1909–1910 <a href="/wiki/Jervoise_Athelstane_Baines" title="Jervoise Athelstane Baines">Jervoise Athelstane Baines</a></li> <li>1910–1912 <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li>1912–1914 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Francis Ysidro Edgeworth</a></li> <li>1914–1915 <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Welby,_1st_Baron_Welby" title="Reginald Welby, 1st Baron Welby">The Lord Welby</a></li> <li>1915–1916 <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li>1916–1918 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mallet" title="Bernard Mallet">Bernard Mallet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Registrar General">Registrar General</a></li> <li>1918–1920 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li>1920–1922 <a href="/wiki/R._Henry_Rew" title="R. Henry Rew">R. Henry Rew</a></li> <li>1922–1924 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Emmott,_1st_Baron_Emmott" title="Alfred Emmott, 1st Baron Emmott">The Lord Emmott</a></li> <li>1924–1926 <a href="/wiki/Udny_Yule" title="Udny Yule">Udny Yule</a></li> <li>1926–1928 <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Vincent,_1st_Viscount_D%27Abernon" title="Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount D'Abernon">The Viscount D'Abernon</a></li> <li>1928–1930 <a href="/wiki/A._William_Flux" class="mw-redirect" title="A. William Flux">A. William Flux</a></li> <li>1930–1932 <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">Sir Josiah Stamp</a></li> <li>1932–1934 <a href="/wiki/James_Meston,_1st_Baron_Meston" title="James Meston, 1st Baron Meston">The Lord Meston</a></li> <li>1934–1936 <a href="/wiki/Major_Greenwood" title="Major Greenwood">Major Greenwood</a></li> <li>1936–1938 <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Young,_1st_Baron_Kennet" title="Hilton Young, 1st Baron Kennet">The Lord Kennet</a></li> <li>1938–1940 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li> <li>1940–1941 <a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Macrosty" title="Henry William Macrosty">Henry William Macrosty</a></li> <li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Hector_Leak" title="Hector Leak">Hector Leak</a></li> <li>1941–1943 <a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">William Beveridge</a></li> <li>1943–1945 <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Charles_Snow" title="Ernest Charles Snow">Ernest Charles Snow</a></li> <li>1945–1947 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">The Lord Woolton</a></li> <li>1947–1949 <a href="/wiki/David_Heron_(statistician)" title="David Heron (statistician)">David Heron</a></li> <li>1949–1950 <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Heyworth,_1st_Baron_Heyworth" title="Geoffrey Heyworth, 1st Baron Heyworth">Sir Geoffrey Heyworth</a></li> <li>1950–1952 <a href="/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" title="Austin Bradford Hill">Austin Bradford Hill</a></li> <li>1952–1954 <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a></li> <li>1954–1955 <a href="/wiki/William_Piercy,_1st_Baron_Piercy" title="William Piercy, 1st Baron Piercy">The Lord Piercy</a></li> <li>1955–1957 <a href="/wiki/Egon_Pearson" title="Egon Pearson">Egon Pearson</a></li> <li>1957–1959 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Campion" title="Harry Campion">Harry Campion</a></li> <li>1959–1960 <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Beaver" title="Hugh Beaver">Hugh Beaver</a></li> <li>1960–1962 <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">Maurice Kendall</a></li> <li>1962–1964 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oscar_Irwin" title="Joseph Oscar Irwin">Joseph Oscar Irwin</a></li> <li>1964–1965 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chambers_(industrialist)" title="Paul Chambers (industrialist)">Sir Paul Chambers</a></li> <li>1965–1966 <a href="/wiki/L._H._C._Tippett" title="L. H. C. Tippett">L. H. C. Tippett</a></li> <li>1966–1967 <a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a></li> <li>1967–1968 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">Frank Yates</a></li> <li>1968–1969 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Arthur Cockfield</a></li> <li>1969–1970 <a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a></li> <li>1970–1971 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Benjamin" title="Bernard Benjamin">Bernard Benjamin</a></li> <li>1971–1972 <a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">George Alfred Barnard</a></li> <li>1972–1973 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li>1973–1974 <a href="/wiki/D._J._Finney" title="D. J. Finney">D. J. Finney</a></li> <li>1974–1975 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a></li> <li>1975–1977 <a href="/wiki/Stella_Cunliffe" title="Stella Cunliffe">Stella Cunliffe</a></li> <li>1977–1978 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wynn" title="Henry Wynn">Henry Wynn</a></li> <li>1978–1980 <a href="/wiki/Claus_Moser,_Baron_Moser" title="Claus Moser, Baron Moser">Sir Claus Moser</a></li> <li>1980–1982 <a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">David Cox</a></li> <li>1982–1984 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a></li> <li>1984–1985 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bodmer" title="Walter Bodmer">Walter Bodmer</a></li> <li>1985–1986 <a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a></li> <li>1986–1987 <a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a></li> <li>1987–1989 <a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a></li> <li>1989–1991 <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Moore" title="Peter G. Moore">Peter G. Moore</a></li> <li>1991–1993 <a href="/wiki/T._M._F._Smith" title="T. M. F. Smith">T. M. F. Smith</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/D._J._Bartholomew" title="D. J. Bartholomew">D. J. Bartholomew</a></li> <li>1995–1997 <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a></li> <li>1997–1999 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nicholas_Curnow" title="Robert Nicholas Curnow">Robert Nicholas Curnow</a></li> <li>1999–2001 <a href="/wiki/Denise_Lievesley" title="Denise Lievesley">Denise Lievesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001–2003 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a></li> <li>2003–2005 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Grieve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Grieve (page does not exist)">Andy Grieve</a></li> <li>2005–2007 <a href="/wiki/Tim_Holt_(statistician)" title="Tim Holt (statistician)">Tim Holt</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/David_Hand_(statistician)" title="David Hand (statistician)">David Hand</a></li> <li>2010–2010 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">Bernard Silverman</a> (resigned Feb 2010; replaced <i>pro tem</i> by David Hand)</li> <li>2011–2012 <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Isham" title="Valerie Isham">Valerie Isham</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/John_Pullinger" title="John Pullinger">John Pullinger</a></li> <li>2014–2016 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diggle" title="Peter Diggle">Peter Diggle</a></li> <li>2017–2018 <a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a></li> <li>2019– <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Ashby" title="Deborah Ashby">Deborah Ashby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Category:Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">List</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335218#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118794329">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79083940">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12366070t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12366070t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35473796">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse2011659663&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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