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href="/en/resources/registrars/registrant-rights/benefits">View current policy</a></p> </div> <p>2011 年 6 月 27 日</p> <h3>2009 年注册商委任协议规定之注册人权利与责任</h3> <p>本文档已翻译为多种语言，仅供参考之用。原始官方版本（英文版）可在以下位置找到： <a href="/en/registrars/registrant-rights-responsibilities-en.htm">http://www.icann.org/en/registrars/registrant-rights-responsibilities-en.htm</a></p> <p>背景：2009 年认证注册商协议 (RAA) 新增的一条规定是要求 ICANN 与注册商协商后开发一个网页，在上面标识出注册人享有的权利和责任。这份文件是在 GNSO 理事会和一般会员咨询委员会联合工作小组的初步建议下，与注册商商议之后发布的。该文件还以"简明语言"列举了注册人根据现行的 2009 年认证注册商协议 (RAA) 所享有的权利和责任。</p> <h3>简介</h3> <p>本文为 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm">注册商委任协议</a> (RAA) 中关于注册人权利与责任的条款摘要，采用"平白语言"书写，用于在注册商网站上发布。虽然本文所含部分条款并非特别针对注册人，但由于其有利于理解注册商和注册人之间的关系，因此也予以纳入。由于注册商委任协议 (RAA) 中包含了 <a href="/">互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN)</a> 合意政策与规范，因此本文亦对该合意政策与规范中关于注册人权利与责任的规定进行了总结。</p> <p>本文中的条款摘要并不能取代注册商委任协议 (RAA) 及上述政策与规范中规定的条款。</p> <h3>导言</h3> <p>已注册名称持有人（也称为"注册人"）必须使用互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 认可的注册商所提供的服务注册域名。注册商必须与互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 签署注册商委任协议 (RAA) 方可成为互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 认可的注册商。注册商委任协议 (RAA) 规定了注册人的各种权利与责任，互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 各单项政策和规范也规定了注册人的其他权利与责任，注册人亦同意遵守。</p> <p>注册商委任协议 (RAA) 及相关政策采用非常具体、常用的法律术语起草。为便于注册人更好地理解其与域名注册相关的权利与责任，本文对这些权利与责任进行了总结。本文所述摘要并不能取代注册商委任协议 (RAA) 中的实际书面条款或相关政策及规范。</p> <h3>注册商委任协议 (RAA) 利益条款</h3> <p>由于注册商委任协议 (RAA) 由互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 和注册商双方签署，因此其他任何人（包括已注册名称持有人）均不得以违反注册商委任协议 (RAA) 为由向上述任何一方提起诉讼。</p> <p>注册商不得声称其可向注册人提供比其他注册商更优先的任何相关顶级域名 (TLD) 访问权。</p> <p>部分注册商义务以已注册名称持有人履行特定责任（尤其是支付注册费用、向注册商提交必要数据点、提交准确数据以及及时更新该等必要数据等责任）为前提。根据特殊条款，注册商还有必须向已注册名称持有人发出通知，包括注册期满通知、已注册名称持有人个人数据使用通知、通过隐私服务或代理注册服务注册之域名的数据托管通知、以及已注册名称恢复的费用发布通知等。</p> <p><strong>注册商向注册运营商提交数据</strong></p> <p>对于各相关顶级域名 (TLD)，注册商均必须在顶级域名 (TLD) 内提交与已注册名称的相关 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3">特定数据</a> 点：</p> <ul> <li>已注册名称的注册名称 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.1">3.2.1.1</a>)；</li> <li>已注册名称的主名称服务器和辅名称服务器的 IP 地址 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.2">3.2.1.2</a>)；</li> <li>这些名称服务器相应的名称 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.3">3.2.1.3</a>)；</li> <li>注册商的身份（注册系统自动生成的除外）(<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.4">3.2.1.4</a>)；</li> <li>注册到期日期（注册系统自动生成的除外）(<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.5">3.2.1.5</a>)；和</li> <li>注册运营商要求提交的其他任何数据 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.6">3.2.1.6</a>)。</li> </ul> <p>已注册名称持有人通常必须向注册商提供名称服务器的相关信息 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.2.1.2">3.2.1.2 – 3</a>)，另有第 3.2.1.6 小节可能规定已注册名称持有人必须提供部分其他数据。如果已注册名称持有人提供了这些数据点的更新数据，则注册商需在五 (5) 天内将这些更新数据提交给注册运营商。</p> <p><strong>Whois 数据</strong></p> <p>注册商需要提供一个交互式网页和端口 43 Whois 服务，以便公众免费查询。注册商委任协议 (RAA) 指定了必须提供以响应查询的特定数据点：</p> <ul> <li>已注册名称 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.1">3.3.1.1</a>)；</li> <li>已注册名称的主名称服务器和辅名称服务器的名称 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.2">3.3.1.2</a>)；</li> <li>注册商的身份（可通过注册商的网站提供）(<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.3">3.3.1.3</a> )；</li> <li>注册的最初创建日期 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.4">3.3.1.4</a>)；</li> <li>注册的到期日期 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.5">3.3.1.5</a>)；</li> <li>已注册名称持有人的姓名和邮政地址 (<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.6">3.3.1.6</a>)；</li> <li>已注册名称的技术联系人的姓名、邮政地址、电子邮件地址、语音电话号码和传真电话号码（如果有）(<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.7">3.3.1.7</a>)；以及</li> <li>已注册名称的行政联系人的姓名、邮政地址、电子邮件地址、语音电话号码和传真电话号码（如果有）(<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.1.8">3.3.1.8</a>)。</li> </ul> <p>这些数据点通常称为 Whois 数据。如下所述，已注册名称持有人需要向注册商提供及时更新的已注册名称 Whois 数据。收到更新数据后，注册商需"立即"更新 Whois 数据。注册商可将公共查询功能的维护工作外包。</p> <p>注册商委任协议 (RAA) 允许注册商向第三方提供 Whois 数据的批量访问权限。通过公共查询功能提供 Whois 数据的批量访问或访问权限时，注册商需对大量查询或注册商委任协议 (RAA) 中所限制使用的 Whois 数据（包括市场营销活动和大量推销活动） <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.3.6">进行限制访问</a>。如果注册商将公共查询功能外包给外部机构，注册商必须要求所有承包商提供端口 43 服务，对访问和使用 Whois 数据实施同等限制。</p> <p><strong>与已注册名称持有人通信</strong></p> <p>注册商 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.4.2">必须保留与已注册名称持有人之间的所有通信记录</a>，以及提供给注册运营商的信息记录。</p> <p><strong>托管已注册名称持有人的数据</strong></p> <p>注册商必须为通过注册商委任注册之所有已注册名称的全部 Whois 数据、以及注册商提交给注册运营商的所有数据 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.4.1">建立一个数据库</a>，并在该数据库内记录各个已注册名称的付费联系人的姓名和邮政地址（如果有）、电子邮件地址、语音电话号码和传真号码。</p> <p>在某些情况下，注册人可限制注册商在 Whois 查询中提供的个人信息数量。要实现此目的，注册人可通过隐私服务（允许注册人隐藏个人识别信息并经常用隐私服务信息替换的服务）注册名称。客户还可通过代理服务注册名称，其中代理服务商为已注册名称持有人，且代理服务商准许客户使用其域名，在这种情况下，大部分或所有必要数据点列出的信息均为代理服务商（即已注册名称持有人）的信息。</p> <p>当已注册名称通过隐私或代理注册服务注册后，会对数据库内的信息造成影响，因此注册商 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.4.1">必须执行以下任一一项操作</a>：注册商必须 (1) 在数据库内记录注册客户提供的姓名和邮政地址、电子邮件地址和语音电话号码（即便已使用隐私或代理注册服务也不例外）；或 (2) 在客户选择使用隐私或代理注册服务时，告知客户其数据未被托管。如果客户的数据未被托管，则仅托管与隐私或代理注册服务相关的联系信息。如果客户数据未被托管，且数据库中仅留有代理或隐私服务信息，一旦注册商或注册机构出现故障，则此后的通知将仅发送给数据库内记录的联系对象。</p> <p><strong>注册商与注册人之间的业务往来</strong></p> <p>注册商委任协议 (RAA) 对注册商的业务（包括其 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7">与已注册名称持有人之间的业务</a>）作出了许多规定。</p> <p>注册商在收到已注册名称持有人有关支付注册费的合理保证之前， <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.4">不得激活</a>任何已注册名称。</p> <p>如果已注册名称持有人未声明同意续签注册（包括注册商在当前注册期满后取消注册），则注册商委任协议 (RAA) 规定了注册商可在 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.5">注册期满</a>后采取的措施。如果已注册名称持有人不同意续签，注册商必须确保在注册期满后 45 天内将已注册名称从注册数据库内删除。</p> <p>注册商取消注册的权利和删除域名的义务并非绝对。注册商委任协议 (RAA) <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.5.1">第 3.7.5.1 小节</a> 列出了可能的"可以减轻处罚的情况"列表，即如果情况属实，则允许注册商在已注册名称持有人未同意的情况下续签域名。这些情况包括已注册名称处于 UDRP 诉讼、法院指令、破产程序或计费争议等的情况。表明注册商在已注册名称持有人未同意的情况下续签注册的，必须保留原因记录。</p> <p>注册商必须向每一位新注册人提供 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.5.4">注册商删除和自动续签政策通知</a>。如果注册商的删除政策在注册协议期内有所变更，则注册商必须尽量通知注册人。删除和自动续签政策的详细信息 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.5.5">必须公布</a>于注册商运营域名注册和续签的所有网站，注册商还应于域名赎回宽限期（域名在注册机构内处于"删除未决"状态的 30 天）内在 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.5.6">对恢复域名收取任何费用的网站上予以公布</a> 。<sup><a href="#foot1" name="text1" id="text1">1</a></sup></p> <p>如果已注册名称在删除时或注册到期时存在 <a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/policy-zh.htm">UDRP 争议</a>，则 UDRP 原告有权续签（如果是删除则为恢复）域名。如果原告续签或恢复了名称，注册商必须将该名称置于"保留"或"锁定"状态<sup><a href="#foot2" name="text2" id="text2">2</a></sup> ，并修改 Whois 信息以显示该名称存在争议。注册商委任协议 (RAA) <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.5.7">第 3.7.5.7 小节</a>还规定了一项权利，即一旦 UDRP 争议未经裁决被终止，或其裁决有利于原域名注册人，则原域名注册人有权恢复或续签该名称。</p> <p><em>《注册商/已注册名称持有人协议》</em></p> <p>注册商必须与所有已注册名称持有人 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.7">签署一份电子或书面注册协议</a>。根据注册商委任协议 (RAA) 的规定，《注册商/已注册名称持有人协议》必须（至少）包括以下条款（见注册商委任协议 (RAA) 第 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.7.1">3.7.7.1 – 12</a> 小节）：</p> <ul> <li>已注册名称持有人必须提供"准确而可靠的详细联系信息"，<em>并</em>在注册期间及时更正和更新这些信息。所需的详细信息见第 3.7.7.1. 小节所述：已注册名称持有人的全名称、邮政地址、电子邮件地址和语音电话号码（可能还要包括传真号码）；若已注册名称持有人为组织、协会或公司，则应提供负责联系事宜的授权人员的姓名；以及第 3.3.1.2、3.3.1.7 和 3.3.1.8 小节中列出的数据元素。</li> <li>如果已注册名称持有人有意提供不准确或不可靠的信息、有意不及时更新信息、或者未能在注册商就详细联系信息的准确性发出询问后十五 (15) 天内作出回应，则视为已注册名称持有人重大违约，可导致注册被取消。</li> <li>凡被列为已注册名称持有人者均须提供完整的联系信息，并且为登记之已注册名称持有人。有时已注册名称持有人可能会注册域名后许可他人使用该域名（如网站设计师为客户注册域名），在这种情况下，如果实际使用域名的人员（在注册商委任协议 (RAA) 中称为"第三方"）尚未签署《注册商/已注册名称持有人协议》，则已注册名称持有人要对第三方不当使用域名的行为负责，即如果存在因第三方使用域名所产生的"可诉诸法律之损害的合理证据"，则已注册名称持有人就应承担责任。在这种情形下，除非已注册名称持有人披露用户的身份和当前联系信息，否则就要"对因不当使用已注册名称所引起的损害负责"。</li> </ul> <ul> <li>注册商必须就其拟如何使用已注册名称持有人提供的数据以及谁将收到该等数据发出通知。注册商还必须就已注册名称持有人访问和更新数据的方式发出通知。此外，注册商必须确定已注册名称持有人必须向其提供的数据点以及可自愿提供的信息。已注册名称持有人必须同意所有这些数据处理条款。</li> <li>如果已注册名称持有人代表任何并未签署《注册商/已注册名称持有人协议》的人员（上文提述的"第三方"）向注册商提供个人数据，则已注册名称持有人必须确认其：(1) 已向相关第三方提供注册商所发出的同一份数据处理通知，以及 (2) 已收到第三方就注册商数据处理条款所作出的同等同意书。</li> <li>注册商可仅按照上文所述的数据处理通知的规定来处理已注册名称持有人的数据。</li> <li>注册商已同意采取合理的预防措施保护已注册名称持有人的数据，使其免遭"丢失、误用、未经授权的访问或披露、篡改或破坏"。</li> <li>已注册名称持有人必须声明："就已注册名称持有人的所知所信，已注册名称的注册或其直接或间接使用方式均不会侵犯任何第三方的合法权利。"即已注册名称持有人必须向注册商声明，域名注册后不会以侵犯他人合法权利的方式使用。注册域名侵犯他人（已注册名称持有人除外）商标权或版权的，即构成该等"侵权"行为。<sup><a href="#foot3" name="text3" id="text3">3</a></sup> </li> <li>如果对已注册名称的使用存在争议，已注册名称持有人必须同意由以下任一或全部地区具有管辖权的法院予以解决：注册商的地址（通常在网站或《注册商/已注册名称持有人协议》中提及的地址），或"已注册名称持有人的住所"。"住所"一词具有特定的法定意义，但通常是指已注册名称持有人在必须提交的个人数据中向注册商提供的地址。就管辖区达成一致指已注册名称持有人同意在上述地区的法院有权裁决此类案件。<sup><a href="#foot4" name="text4" id="text4">4</a></sup> </li> <li>已注册名称持有人必须同意，在第 3.7.7.11 小节所述的情形下，其注册可能会被"暂停、取消或转让"。这些情形包括：互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 采纳的规范或政策要求，或者注册商或注册机构施行的程序要求已注册名称持有人"更正注册商或注册运营商在注册名称或解决已注册名称相关争议时犯下的错误"。例如，互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 采纳的 <a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/policy-zh.htm">统一域名争议解决政策 (UDRP)</a>，该政策规定，参加域名争议听证会的行政专家组有权命令暂停、转让或取消域名注册，而已注册名称持有人必须同意这种可能发生的情况。</li> <li>对于因已注册名称持有人域名注册而引起的或与之有关的任何索赔、损害、债务、费用和开支（包括合理的法律费用和开支），已注册名称持有人应对注册运营商及其董事、高级职员、员工和代理人进行赔偿，保护其免受损害。简言之，即如果已注册名称的注册运营商（或其员工等）因已注册名称持有人的域名注册而受到诉讼，则已注册名称持有人应向注册运营商支付因诉讼辩护以及任何判决或裁决的负债所引起的一切费用和开支。"赔偿"一词不仅限于诉讼案件。</li> </ul> <p><em>联系信息的验证</em></p> <p>适用于注册商的规范和政策有很多种，详见下文所述。某些规范或政策可能会明确规定注册商验证已注册名称持有人首次注册域名时所提供联系信息的责任，以及制定定期对这些联系信息进行重新验证的 <a href="/zh/registrars/wdrp-zh.htm">规定</a>。</p> <p>如果有<em>任何</em>人员向注册商提出已注册名称持有人的联系信息不准确，注册商还必须采取 "<a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.7.8">合理的措施</a>" 验证联系信息。此外，即使无人报告联系信息有误，如果注册商知道联系信息不准确，也应予以更正。</p> <p>注册商还必须自己 <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.16">保存正确的联系信息</a>，包括有效的电子邮件和通讯地址。这些联系信息应在注册商网站上予以公布。</p> <p><em>分销商协议</em></p> <p>注册商委任协议 (RAA) <a href="/zh/registrars/ra-agreement-21may09-zh.htm#3.12">规定了注册商与第三方分销商合作的义务</a>，第三方分销商可以是与注册商合作提供注册商服务的个人或实体。注册商委任协议 (RAA) 要求注册商将特殊条款纳入《注册商/分销商协议》中，这些条款包括：分销商不得声称其获得了互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 的委任、分销商应将要求纳入《注册商/已注册名称持有人协议》中的所有条款纳入所有的分销商注册协议、分销商必须发布注册商必须提供之互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 的全部网站链接、分销商必须确定赞助注册商身份等条款。分销商还必须确保，如果客户正使用分销商的域名注册隐私服务或代理注册服务，则其必须采取以下任何一种措施：(1) 与注册商一同寄存客户的身份和联系信息；(2) 以托管方式寄存身份和联系信息；或 (3) 向客户发出其联系信息尚未托管的通知。</p> <p>注册商委任协议 (RAA) 还要求注册商针对分销商违反任何相关条款的行为采取合规措施和强制措施。</p> <h3>其他政策/规范</h3> <p>按照 <a href="/zh/registrars/rnap-zh.htm">姓名重建准确原则</a> (<a href="/zh/registrars/rnap-zh.htm">http://www.icann.org/zh/registrars/rnap-zh.htm</a>) 的规定，凡注册商（在域名赎回宽限期内）就因提供不实联系数据或无法成功响应注册商问询而被删除的域名进行续费的，则该域名必须置于注册商保留状态，直至注册人提供最新准确的 Whois 信息。</p> <p>除注册商委任协议 (RAA) 要求已注册名称持有人作出尽其所知，域名的注册或使用均不会侵犯他人合法权利的声明外，统一域名争议解决政策（"<a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/policy-zh.htm">UDRP</a>"）也要求作出相同声明，而且须额外声明，域名的注册并非出于非法目的，且其使用不会违反任何适用法律。</p> <p>统一域名争议解决政策 (UDRP) 还要求已注册名称持有人遵循强制性行政处理程序，并按照该政策的规定解决争议。这些强制性行政管理程序（见统一域名争议解决政策 (UDRP) 中所述）是由一位经互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 批准的 <a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/approved-providers-zh.htm">统一域名争议解决政策 (UDRP) 争议解决方案提供商</a> 之前提交的争议解决程序（见 <a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/approved-providers-zh.htm">http://www.icann.org/zh/dndr/udrp/approved-providers-zh.htm</a>），符合 <a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/uniform-rules-zh.htm">统一域名争议解决政策 (UDRP) 行政管理程序统一规则</a> （见 <a href="/zh/dndr/udrp/uniform-rules-zh.htm">http://www.icann.org/zh/dndr/udrp/uniform-rules-zh.htm</a>）。遵循强制性行政管理程序的规定并不意味着已注册名称持有人可以免于因相同或类似行为而向其提起的司法诉讼程序。与注册商委任协议 (RAA) 相关司法规定类似，遵循强制性行政管理程序的规定意味着，已注册名称持有人不得就统一域名争议解决政策 (UDRP) 提供商对根据 UDRP 正当提出之争议的解决能力提出异议。</p> <p>根据 <a href="/zh/transfers/policy-zh.htm">在注册商之间转让注册的政策</a>，已注册名称持有人有权在注册商之间转让域名注册。转让政策针对注册商必须回应转让请求的情况规定了时间限制条款。转让权不属于绝对权，互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 和注册机构政策可对转让权设定限制，包括：限制转让域名的时间（从创建日期或早期转让开始计算）、要求已注册名称持有人提供注册商审核所需的授权和文件。记录注册商仅可在以下情况下拒绝转让：</p> <ul> <li>有证据表明存在欺诈行为</li> <li>UDRP 诉讼</li> <li>有管辖权法院颁发的法院命令</li> <li>有关已注册名称持有人或行政联系人身份的合理争议</li> <li>域名过期未支付前期注册期款项、或域名虽未过期但未支付前期或当期注册期款项（包括信用卡事后付款）。但是，在上述各种情况下，记录注册商必须在拒绝转让前将域名置于"注册商保留"的状态。</li> <li>转让联系人就转让作出明示书面拒绝。（例如，电子邮件、传真、纸质文件或其他程序，转让联系人通过这些事先同意的方式明确主动地表示拒绝）</li> <li>域名早已处于"锁定状态"（但注册商为已注册名称持有人提供可随时访问的合理方式以解除锁定状态的除外）。</li> <li>转让必须在创建日期（以域名注册机构 Whois 记录为准）后 60 天内完成。</li> <li>域名在转让后的 60 天（或规定的更短时期）内不得转让（但将域名转让回原注册商、且受让双方达成一致和/或按争议解决程序作出该等裁定的除外）。</li> </ul> <hr> <p><sup><a href="#text1" name="foot1" id="foot1">1</a></sup> 一般通用顶级域名 (gTLD) 已注册名称的生命周期示意图位于 <a href="/en/registrars/gtld-lifecycle.htm">http://www.icann.org/en/registrars/gtld-lifecycle.htm</a> 。该示意图有助于参考域名到期后状态的详细信息。</p> <p><sup><a href="#text2" name="foot2" id="foot2">2</a></sup> 域名状态有正式的技术名称，来自基于社区的互联网征求意见草案。此处所需的状态由注册商设置，当注册处于其中一种状态时，即无法删除域、也无法更改注册，注册商必须更改状态才能更改注册。</p> <p><sup><a href="#text3" name="foot3" id="foot3">3</a></sup> 另外还有许多种可能 " 侵犯他人合法权利 " 的方式，如果潜在的已注册名称持有人担心域名的注册或使用会侵犯他人权利，则应征求独立建议。</p> <p><sup><a href="#text4" name="foot4" id="foot4">4</a></sup> 可能还有其他管辖区可以裁决与已注册名称的使用有关的争议，但注册商委任协议 (RAA) 并未规定其他任何管辖区。</p> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e785609581fcdde',t:'MTczMjQ0MDE2NC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var 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