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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George Tooker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Tooker-George_W_Bush.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="George Tooker receiving the National Medal of Arts from George W. Bush" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/George_Tooker-George_W_Bush.jpg/220px-George_Tooker-George_W_Bush.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/George_Tooker-George_W_Bush.jpg/330px-George_Tooker-George_W_Bush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/George_Tooker-George_W_Bush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">George Tooker (left) receiving the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> from <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-08-05</span>)</span>August 5, 1920<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 27, 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-03-27)</span> (aged 90)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hartland,_Vermont" title="Hartland, Vermont">Hartland, Vermont</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York" title="Art Students League of New York">Art Students League of New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">Figurative art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elected</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/National_academy_of_design" class="mw-redirect" title="National academy of design">National Academy of Design</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Clair Tooker, Jr.</b> (August 5, 1920 – March 27, 2011) was an American <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative painter</a>. His works are associated with <a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His subjects are depicted naturally as in a photograph, but the images use flat tones, an ambiguous perspective, and alarming juxtapositions to suggest an imagined or dreamed reality. He did not agree with the association of his work with Magic realism or Surrealism, as he said, "I am after painting reality impressed on the mind so hard that it returns as a dream, but I am not after painting dreams as such, or fantasy."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_academy_of_design" class="mw-redirect" title="National academy of design">National Academy of Design</a> and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a>. Tooker was one of nine recipients of the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George Tooker was born on August 5, 1920, in Brooklyn, New York where he spent the first six years of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised by his mother, Angela Montejo Roura, who was of English, German and Spanish-Cuban descent and his father George Clair Tooker who was of English and French descent. His religious upbringing was in the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, the family resided in <a href="/wiki/Bellport,_New_York" title="Bellport, New York">Bellport, New York</a>. He had one sister, Mary Tooker Graham. </p><p>He took art lessons as a child and spent much of his young adult life at the <a href="/wiki/Fogg_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fogg Art Museum">Fogg Art Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a> and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> with an English degree in 1942, after which he enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)</a>, but was discharged for medical reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tooker spent the late 1940s and early 1950s in Brooklyn. He studied at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York" title="Art Students League of New York">Art Students League of New York</a> under <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Marsh_(artist)" title="Reginald Marsh (artist)">Reginald Marsh</a> from 1943 to 1945. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hayes_Miller" title="Kenneth Hayes Miller">Kenneth Hayes Miller</a> influenced Tooker's work by encouraging the emphasis on form rather than expressive emotion to convey a painting's meaning. Tooker regarded <a href="/wiki/Harry_Sternberg" title="Harry Sternberg">Harry Sternberg</a> a good teacher at the League due to his pointed, challenging questions. Upon reading <a href="/wiki/Daniel_V._Thompson" title="Daniel V. Thompson">Daniel V. Thompson</a>'s <i>The Practice of Tempera Painting</i>, Tooker began to paint in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance painting">Renaissance painting</a> method. Tooker appreciated its slow manner of application in particular. </p><p>Tooker acknowledged the need for other art to support his development process. He spent much of his free time reading painting and sculpture books, studying the works of antiquity up to <a href="/wiki/20th-century_art" title="20th-century art">20th-century art</a> in an effort to augment his artistic vision. He was particularly interested in <a href="/wiki/Classical_sculpture" title="Classical sculpture">Classical sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_painting" title="Flemish painting">Flemish painting</a> and sculpture, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance painting</a> and sculpture, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/17th-century_French_art" title="17th-century French art">17th-century French art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neue_Sachlichkeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Neue Sachlichkeit">Neue Sachlichkeit</a> art, and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_art" title="Mexican art">Mexican art</a> of the 1920s and 1930s. Some individuals that influenced Tooker include Italian artists <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a>; American artists <a href="/wiki/Jared_French" title="Jared French">Jared French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Edward Hopper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cadmus" title="Paul Cadmus">Paul Cadmus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Desmond_Sharrer" title="Honoré Desmond Sharrer">Honoré Desmond Sharrer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Koerner" title="Henry Koerner">Henry Koerner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in his career, Tooker's work was often compared with painters such as <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth" title="Andrew Wyeth">Andrew Wyeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Edward Hopper</a>, and his close friends <a href="/wiki/Jared_French" title="Jared French">Jared French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cadmus" title="Paul Cadmus">Paul Cadmus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_career">Artistic career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Artistic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His most well-known paintings carry strong social commentary, and are often characterized as his "public" or "political" pieces. Some of these include: <i>The Subway</i> (1950),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Government Bureau</i> (1955-1956), <i>The Waiting Room</i> (1956-1957),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lunch</i> (1964), <i>Teller</i> (1967), <i>Waiting Room II</i> (1982), <i>Corporate Decision</i> (1983), and <i>Terminal</i> (1986).<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These works are particularly influential, because they draw from universal experiences of modern, urban life. Many portray visually literal depictions of social withdrawal and isolation. Modernity's anonymity, mass-production, and fast pace are cast under an unforgiving, bleak, shadow-less light that conveys a sense of foreboding and isolation. The use of many strong straight lines culminates in oppressively ordered, rectilinear architecture. This precise geometric architecture, constructed to serve the subjects, physically dominates them. Tooker saw modern society as behaving in this same way. Modern life becomes a prison of soulless ritual devoid of individuality in <i>Landscape with Figures</i> (1966). Space is often compressed, as in <i>Ward</i> (1970-1971), with patients' beds lined head-to-foot with very little walking space, such that humanity is confined to strictly organized grids. These images convey a sense of overwhelming silence in the lack of control each individual portrayed has over their depicted situation. The people Tooker depicts are rarely overcome by emotion, never strut, and seldom convey individuality. Rather, they shuffle along in heavy, uniform clothing and seem to act not based on individual will, but based on social conditioning. In <i>Supermarket</i> (1973),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nondescript shoppers are surrounded by brightly packaged consumables as easily replicated as the people themselves. </p><p>While Tooker's "public" imagery is hostile and solemn, his "private" images are often more intimate and positive. Some of these include the ten images of the <i>Windows</i> series (1955-1987),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Doors</i> (1953), <i>Guitar</i> (1957), <i>Toilette</i> (1962), and the <i>Mirror</i> series (1962-1971).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these images juxtapose beauty and ugliness, youth and age, in the analysis of the female body. The space is often compressed by a curtain or close-up wall, so that the viewer is confronted by the symbolic identity of the protagonist. Paper lanterns are also a common motif in Tooker's "private" works, often being shared amongst individuals, beacons of soft, warm light that present a pleasant mood to the entire scene. See <i>Garden Party</i> (1952),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>In the Summer House</i> (1958), and <i>Lanterns</i> (1986). Tooker's style of person is notably recognizable. Often they resemble skeletons and seem frozen in time and space, though certainly not flat. See <i>Divers</i> (1952)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Acrobats</i> (1950-1952). Even as the people depicted in these images are more individualized than those of the "public" pieces, people in a single image are often depicted as variations of the same face, with similar hair colors and physical features that unify and highlight commonalities. </p><p>Even these "private" images held social commentary. <i>Voices I</i> (1963) depicts two men, physically identical, separated by a thin door yet unable to communicate. He was deeply concerned with the apparent failure to understand and communicate within American society. While Tooker's figures' facial expressions are rarely particularly emotional, these images carry heavy emotional tones, through the gestures, symbolism, and lighting. See <i>Door</i> (1969–70), <i>Man in the Box</i> (1967), and <i>Night I</i> (1963). </p><p>He also created religious works. His elaborately painted seven-panel piece <i>The Seven Sacraments</i> is located in his local church in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Vermont" title="Windsor, Vermont">Windsor, Vermont</a>. <i>Supper</i> (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depicts a black man praying over a loaf of bread in front of two white men, easily recognizable as a modern update on the Last Supper. <i>Girl Praying</i> (1977), Orant (1977), <i>Lovers</i> (1982),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Embrace II</i> (1984) are uplifting in their portrayal of genuine spiritual connection. The juxtaposition of emotions in these four images suggest the gravity of spirituality and love for Tooker. </p><p>Tooker's first exhibition was "Fourteen Americans" at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> in 1946. In 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museums_of_San_Francisco" title="Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco">Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco</a> organized a retrospective called "George Tooker: Paintings, 1947-1973." In 1989, the Marsh Gallery at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a> held an exhibition dedicated to Tooker. The <a href="/wiki/Addison_Gallery_of_American_Art" title="Addison Gallery of American Art">Addison Gallery of American Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_Museum_and_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy Museum and School">National Academy Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a> all held exhibitions dedicated to George Tooker. The DC Moore Gallery represents his estate. </p><p>Thomas H. Garver, who wrote a <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a> on the works of George Tooker wrote, "These are powerful pictures that will stay in the public consciousness. Everyone can say, 'Yes, I've been in that faceless situation,' even if it's just standing in line waiting to apply for a driver's license."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His works are particularly impactful because they are so simple and relate to everyday experiences in such a way that the viewer is forced to become more critically aware of their existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_style">Artistic style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Artistic style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1940s and 1950s, Tooker's work was widely appreciated, but fell out of the spotlight when <a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> gained popularity. For several decades, Tooker painted with little recognition, completing one to three paintings each year.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, he was rediscovered and celebrated as one of the most unique and mysterious American painters of the 20th century. </p><p>His artistic theory is evident in the quote: "I don't really think I'm a creator. I feel that I'm a passive vessel, a receptor or translator...The fascinating thing about painting is the discovery."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He methodically mixed his colors by hand, using water, egg yolk, and powdered pigment. Each painting was not only painstakingly executed, but deeply intellectually considered. <a href="/wiki/Tempera" title="Tempera">Tempera</a> is a quick-drying, tedious method of painting that is hard to change after being applied, and this deliberate method suited Tooker's disposition and artistic theory. Tooker spent four to six intensely focused hours each day, six days a week, for roughly four months fine-tuning each piece, slowly and deliberately building up color and dimension.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the themes of his works are simple, the overall impact of each is ambiguous and enigmatic. His works often reveal eerie situations in a mechanical, distancing, and hostile society. These scenes are overlaid with mythical undertones, poetically capturing sensations of dread and unease. The individuals represented are generalized and stripped of detail, with mask-like faces. They often blend sexual and racial features, so they appear more symbols of human beings than actual, unique human individuals. They appear overwhelmed by their environment and clothing, unable to take control of their existence. </p><p>Themes his works focus on include love, death, sex, grief, aging, alienation, and religious faith.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He devoted numerous paintings to a single theme, investigating many possible variations to fully express the complex ideas conveyed.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tooker grew up in an affluent family, and his work reflects both his privilege and his empathy for those with less.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tooker was in a relationship with the artist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cadmus" title="Paul Cadmus">Paul Cadmus</a> from 1944-1949 and was a part of the <a href="/wiki/PaJaMa" title="PaJaMa">PaJaMa</a> artists collective during that time. He is featured, often nude, in many of their images from that period.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1950s Tooker met his long time partner, painter <a href="/wiki/William_R._Christopher" title="William R. Christopher">William R. Christopher</a>, and they lived together in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. They moved into a house they had built in <a href="/wiki/Hartland,_Vermont" title="Hartland, Vermont">Hartland, Vermont</a> in 1960. The couple were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> and participated in one of the <a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a> in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York" title="Art Students League of New York">Art Students League of New York</a> from 1965 to 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent his winters in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, Spain. A few years after Christopher's 1973 death, Tooker converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>. His faith was very important to him, as he was very much involved with his local church. Tooker died at the age of 90 in his Hartland, Vermont, home due to kidney failure.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>to view a gallery of his works: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://avax.news/educative/Artworks_by_George_Tooker.html">http://avax.news/educative/Artworks_by_George_Tooker.html</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://landlordrocknyc.wordpress.com/tag/the-ward/">https://landlordrocknyc.wordpress.com/tag/the-ward/</a></li> <li><i>George Tooker</i>. David Tunkl Gallery, Los Angeles 1980. Text by Merry A. Foresta; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-936680-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-936680-00-8">0-936680-00-8</a></li> <li><i>George Tooker</i>. Thomas Garver 1985 Imago: Creative Director<a href="/wiki/Arnold_Skolnick" title="Arnold Skolnick">Arnold Skolnick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140127003403/http://www.dcmooregallery.com/publications/george-tooker-reality-recurs-as-a-dream-2011">George Tooker, Reality Recurs as a Dream 1920-2011 (exhibition catalogue), DC Moore Gallery, 2012</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140127003940/http://www.dcmooregallery.com/publications/george-tooker-2000">George Tooker, (exhibition catalogue), DC Moore Gallery, 2000</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140127003921/http://www.dcmooregallery.com/publications/george-tooker-1998">George Tooker, (exhibition catalogue), DC Moore Gallery, 1998</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/george-tooker-papers-9251">George Tooker papers, 1932-1973</a>, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution</li> <li>"George Tooker", by Robert Cozzolino, Marshall N. Price and M. Melissa Wolfe. Merrell Publishers Ltd. 2008, London and New York [exhibition catalogue for "George Tooker: A Retrospective", 2008-2009]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFexhibit-E.com" class="citation web cs1">exhibit-E.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcmooregallery.com/artists/george-tooker">"George Tooker - Artists - DC Moore Gallery"</a>. <i>www.dcmooregallery.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Tooker%2C+Painter+Capturing+Modern+Anxieties%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2011-03-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F29%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fgeorge-tooker-painter-capturing-modern-anxieties-dies-at-90.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Tooker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Roberta (5 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/arts/design/pajama-whose-photographs-breathed-eroticism.html">"PaJaMa, Whose Photographs Breathed Eroticism"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=PaJaMa%2C+Whose+Photographs+Breathed+Eroticism&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F11%2F06%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fpajama-whose-photographs-breathed-eroticism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Tooker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028141053/http://www.progressiveliving.org/artists/tooker/george_tooker.htm">Progressive Living resource</a> Comprehensive biography and gallery</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artandsocialissues.cmaohio.org/web-content/pages/race_tooker.html">Columbus Museum of Art</a> Web page on Tooker's 1964 painting <i>Lunch</i> (click on picture for larger image)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monograffi.com/magicrealism.htm">The Essence of Magic Realism - Critical Study of the origins and development of Magic Realism in art.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tendreams.org/tooker.htm">Ten Dreams Galleries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.figureworks.com/20thcentury/tooker.html">Figureworks.com/20th Century work</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090405102307/http://www.figureworks.com/20thcentury/tooker.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at www.figureworks.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcmooregallery.com/artists/george-tooker">George Tooker artist page</a>, DC Moore Gallery</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/george-tooker-capturing-modern-anxieties/">George Tooker, "Capturing Modern Anxieties"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poba.org/poba_artists/george-tooker/">Online Exhibition, <i>George Tooker: Embrace of Peace</i> at <i>POBA Where the Arts Live</i></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/264346">Portrait at MMA</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/123546/george-tooker">portrait at AIC</a>, both by <a href="/wiki/George_Platt_Lynes" title="George Platt Lynes">George Platt Lynes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Close">Chuck Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Manilow" title="Lewis Manilow">Lewis Manilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, cultural programming division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg" title="Claes Oldenburg">Claes Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Knoll_Bassett" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Knoll Bassett">Florence Knoll Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisha_Brown" title="Trisha Brown">Trisha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montebello" title="Philippe de Montebello">Philippe de Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Halprin" title="Lawrence Halprin">Lawrence Halprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">William "Smokey" Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Cleary" title="Beverly Cleary">Beverly Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafe_Esquith" title="Rafe Esquith">Rafe Esquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_Choir" title="Tabernacle Choir">Tabernacle Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hart_(sculptor)" title="Frederick Hart (sculptor)">Frederick Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hecht" title="Anthony Hecht">Anthony Hecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruthven_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ruthven (artist)">John Ruthven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Scully" title="Vincent Scully">Vincent Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auchincloss" title="Louis Auchincloss">Louis Auchincloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_DePreist" title="James DePreist">James DePreist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquito_D%27Rivera" title="Paquito D'Rivera">Paquito D'Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Garment" title="Leonard Garment">Leonard Garment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Ramirez" title="Tina Ramirez">Tina Ramirez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Charisse" title="Cyd Charisse">Cyd Charisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeCarava" title="Roy DeCarava">Roy DeCarava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Interlochen Center for the Arts">Interlochen Center for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Hall_Jazz_Band" title="Preservation Hall Jazz Band">Preservation Hall Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Rabassa" title="Gregory Rabassa">Gregory Rabassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Schreckengost" title="Viktor Schreckengost">Viktor Schreckengost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Lauridsen" title="Morten Lauridsen">Morten Lauridsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Noel" title="Craig Noel">Craig Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Neuberger" title="Roy Neuberger">Roy Neuberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Z._Steinway" title="Henry Z. Steinway">Henry Z. Steinway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Tooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton_Jazz_Festival" title="Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival">Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth" title="Andrew Wyeth">Andrew Wyeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Moroles" title="Jesús Moroles">Jesús Moroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisk_Jubilee_Singers" title="Fisk Jubilee Singers">Fisk Jubilee Singers</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lim%C3%B3n" title="José Limón">José Limón Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Presser_Company" title="Theodore Presser Company">The Presser Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Glaser" title="Milton Glaser">Milton Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Joseph P. Riley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_American_Ballet" title="School of American Ballet">School of American Ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938221#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110000037">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95789411">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/143267/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBVdYfvmQDGy7YK3wcT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118837648">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84180926">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20120912004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073446912">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007513590005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500017656">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/77853">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/5900">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/154177008">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6129ksk">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&oldid=1241929438">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Tooker&oldid=1241929438</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920_births" title="Category:1920 births">1920 births</a></li><li><a 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