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Mixed dark matter - Wikipedia
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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Mixed dark matter</b> (<b>MDM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">dark matter</a> (DM) model proposed during the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mixed dark matter is also called hot + cold dark matter. The most abundant form of dark matter is cold dark matter, almost one fourth of the energy contents of the Universe. <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrinos</a> are the only known particles whose Big-Bang thermal relic should compose at least a fraction of <a href="/wiki/Hot_dark_matter" title="Hot dark matter">Hot dark matter</a> (HDM), albeit other candidates are speculated to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1990s, the power spectrum of fluctuations in the galaxy clustering did not agree entirely with the predictions for a standard cosmology built around pure cold DM.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="need to know what's fluctuating (eg mass density or some special variable) and whether wrt time or distance (September 2021)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Mixed dark matter with a composition of about 80% cold and 20% hot (neutrinos) was investigated and found to agree better with observations. This large amount of HDM was made obsolete by the discovery in 1998 of the <a href="/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe" title="Accelerating expansion of the universe">acceleration of universal expansion</a>, which eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Dark_energy" title="Dark energy">dark energy</a> + dark matter paradigm of this decade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The cosmological effects of cold DM are almost opposite to the hot DM effects. Given that cold DM promotes the growth of large scale structures, it is often believed to be composed of <a href="/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Weakly interacting massive particles">Weakly interacting massive particles</a> (WIMPs). Conversely hot DM suffers of free-streaming for most of the history of the Universe, washing-out the formation of small scales. In other words, the mass of hot DM particles is too small to produce the observed gravitationally bounded objects in the Universe. For that reason, the hot DM abundance is constrained by Cosmology to less than one percent of the Universe contents. </p><p>The Mixed Dark Matter scenario recovered relevance when DM was proposed to be a thermal relic of a <a href="/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate" title="Bose–Einstein condensate">Bose–Einstein condensate</a> made of very light bosonic particles, as light as neutrinos or even lighter like the <a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a>. This cosmological model predicts that cold DM is made of many condensed particles, while a small fraction of these particles resides in excited energetic states contributing to hot DM.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodriguez-Montoya:2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez-Montoya:2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_dark_matter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew R Liddle, David H Lyth (1993). [astro-ph/9304017] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9304017">Inflation and Mixed Dark Matter Models</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdan A. Dobrescu and Don Lincoln: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-hidden-world-of-complex-dark-matter-could-be-uncovered/">A Hidden World of Complex Dark Matter Could Be Uncovered</a>. Scientific American. Volume 313, Issue 1. pp. 20-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodriguez-Montoya:2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rodriguez-Montoya:2013_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFI._Rodríguez_Montoya2013" class="citation journal cs1">I. Rodríguez Montoya (2013). "Cosmic Bose dark matter". <i>Phys. Rev. D</i>. <b>87</b> (2): 025009. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.2751">1110.2751</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhRvD..87b5009R">2013PhRvD..87b5009R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.87.025009">10.1103/PhysRevD.87.025009</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119292563">119292563</a>.</cite><span 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dark_matter" title="Template:Dark matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dark_matter" title="Template talk:Dark matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dark_matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dark matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dark_matter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">Dark matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Forms of<br />dark matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baryonic_dark_matter" title="Baryonic dark matter">Baryonic dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_dark_matter" title="Cold dark matter">Cold dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_cold_dark_matter" title="Fuzzy cold dark matter">Fuzzy cold dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dark_matter" title="Hot dark matter">Hot dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_dark_matter" title="Light dark matter">Light dark matter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mixed dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_dark_matter" title="Warm dark matter">Warm dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-interacting_dark_matter" title="Self-interacting dark matter">Self-interacting dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalar_field_dark_matter" title="Scalar field dark matter">Scalar field dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primordial_black_hole" title="Primordial black hole">Primordial black holes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1e0657_scale.jpg/150px-1e0657_scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1e0657_scale.jpg/225px-1e0657_scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1e0657_scale.jpg/300px-1e0657_scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2168" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Hypothetical particles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_photon" title="Dark photon">Dark photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightest_supersymmetric_particle" title="Lightest supersymmetric particle">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minicharged_particle" title="Minicharged particle">Minicharged particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterile_neutrino" title="Sterile neutrino">Sterile neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongly_interacting_massive_particle" title="Strongly interacting massive particle">SIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle" title="Weakly interacting massive particle">WIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISP_(particle_physics)" title="WISP (particle physics)">WISP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Theories<br />and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuspy_halo_problem" title="Cuspy halo problem">Cuspy halo problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fluid" title="Dark fluid">Dark fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_galaxy" title="Dark galaxy">Dark galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_globular_cluster" title="Dark globular cluster">Dark globular cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_matter_halo" title="Dark matter halo">Dark matter halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_radiation" title="Dark radiation">Dark radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(dark_matter)" title="Dark star (dark matter)">Dark star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy_problem" title="Dwarf galaxy problem">Dwarf galaxy problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_mass_function" title="Halo mass function">Halo mass function</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_dimension_one_fermions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mass dimension one fermions (page does not exist)">Mass dimension one fermions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_compact_halo_object" title="Massive compact halo object">Massive compact halo object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_matter" title="Mirror matter">Mirror matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarro%E2%80%93Frenk%E2%80%93White_profile" title="Navarro–Frenk–White profile">Navarro–Frenk–White profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalar_field_dark_matter" title="Scalar field dark matter">Scalar field dark matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Search<br />experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Direct<br />detection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axion_Dark_Matter_Experiment" title="Axion Dark Matter Experiment">ADMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANAIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ANAIS">ANAIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArDM" title="ArDM">ArDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Dark_Matter_Experiment" title="China Dark Matter Experiment">CDEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Dark_Matter_Search" title="Cryogenic Dark Matter Search">CDMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Low-Energy_Astrophysics_with_Neon" title="Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon">CLEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoGeNT" title="CoGeNT">CoGeNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Invisible_Mass_Search#COSINE" title="Korea Invisible Mass Search">COSINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Observatory_for_Signatures_Seen_in_Next-Generation_Underground_Searches" title="Cryogenic Observatory for Signatures Seen in Next-Generation Underground Searches">COSINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO" title="PICO">COUPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Rare_Event_Search_with_Superconducting_Thermometers" title="Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers">CRESST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUORE" title="CUORE">CUORE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directional_Dark_Matter_Detector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directional Dark Matter Detector (page does not exist)">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMA/LIBRA" title="DAMA/LIBRA">DAMA/LIBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMA/NaI" title="DAMA/NaI">DAMA/NaI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAMIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DAMIC (page does not exist)">DAMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkSide_(dark_matter_experiment)" title="DarkSide (dark matter experiment)">DarkSide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARWIN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARWIN (page does not exist)">DARWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEAP" title="DEAP">DEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DM-Ice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DM-Ice (page does not exist)">DM-Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Time_Projection_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber">DMTPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directional_Recoil_Identification_from_Tracks" title="Directional Recoil Identification from Tracks">DRIFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDELWEISS" title="EDELWEISS">EDELWEISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Underground_Rare_Event_Calorimeter_Array" title="European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array">EURECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Invisible_Mass_Search" title="Korea Invisible Mass Search">KIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Underground_Xenon_experiment" title="Large Underground Xenon experiment">LUX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ_experiment" title="LZ experiment">LZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopole,_Astrophysics_and_Cosmic_Ray_Observatory" title="Monopole, Astrophysics and Cosmic Ray Observatory">MACRO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MIMAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIMAC (page does not exist)">MIMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Dark_Matter_Collaboration#Experiments" title="UK Dark Matter Collaboration">NAIAD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEWAGE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NEWAGE (page does not exist)">NEWAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEWS-G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NEWS-G (page does not exist)">NEWS-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PandaX" title="PandaX">PandaX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO" title="PICO">PICASSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO" title="PICO">PICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSEBUD" class="mw-redirect" title="ROSEBUD">ROSEBUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMA/LIBRA#SABRE" title="DAMA/LIBRA">SABRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMPLE_(dark_matter_experiment)" title="SIMPLE (dark matter experiment)">SIMPLE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TREX-DM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TREX-DM (page does not exist)">TREX-DM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Dark_Matter_Collaboration" title="UK Dark Matter Collaboration">UKDMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIMP_Argon_Programme" title="WIMP Argon Programme">WARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XENON" title="XENON">XENON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMASS" title="XMASS">XMASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEPLIN-III" title="ZEPLIN-III">ZEPLIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Indirect<br />detection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANTARES_(telescope)" title="ANTARES (telescope)">ANTARES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Thin_Ionization_Calorimeter" title="Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter">ATIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERN_Axion_Solar_Telescope" title="CERN Axion Solar Telescope">CAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Water_Cherenkov_Experiment" title="High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment">HAWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Stereoscopic_System" title="High Energy Stereoscopic System">HESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IceCube_Neutrino_Observatory" title="IceCube Neutrino Observatory">IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGIC_(telescope)" title="MAGIC (telescope)">MAGIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlensing_Observations_in_Astrophysics" title="Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics">MOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_Gravitational_Lensing_Experiment" title="Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment">OGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS" title="VERITAS">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MultiDark" title="MultiDark">MultiDark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVLAS" title="PVLAS">PVLAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Potential <a href="/wiki/Dark_galaxy" title="Dark galaxy">dark galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HE0450-2958" title="HE0450-2958">HE0450-2958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVC_127-41-330" title="HVC 127-41-330">HVC 127-41-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Cloud" title="Smith's Cloud">Smith's Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIRGOHI21" title="VIRGOHI21">VIRGOHI21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter">Antimatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_energy" title="Dark energy">Dark energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_matter" title="Exotic matter">Exotic matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution" title="Galaxy formation and evolution">Galaxy formation and evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustris_project" title="Illustris project">Illustris project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon#Mass" title="Tachyon">Imaginary mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_mass" title="Negative mass">Negative mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniverseMachine" title="UniverseMachine">UniverseMachine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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