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window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":43366988,"identifier":"Attachment_43366988","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":15288564,"created_at":"2015-08-30T18:58:04.952-07:00","from_world_paper_id":141607208,"updated_at":"2025-02-02T13:43:57.525-08:00","_data":{"ai_title_tag":"CFD Study of Pseudoplastic Fluid Mixing","grobid_abstract":"The 3D flow field generated by a Scaba 6SRGT impeller in the agitation of xanthan gum, a pseudoplastic fluid with yield stress, was simulated using the commercial CFD package. The flow was modeled as laminar and a multiple reference frame (MRF) approach was used to solve the discretized equations of motion. The velocity profiles predicted by the simulation agreed well with those measured using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry, a non-invasive fluid flow measurement technique for opaque systems. Using computed velocity profiles across the impeller, the effect of fluid rheology on the impeller flow number was investigated. The validated CFD model provided useful information regarding the formation of cavern around the impeller in the mixing of yield stress fluids and the size of cavern predicted by the CFD model was in good agreement with that calculated using Elson's model.","publication_date":"2008,,","publication_name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"43366988"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to study the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34379260]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":43366988,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to study the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/43366988/mini_magick20190216-29886-zxwizb.png?1550321580" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to study the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34379260" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeilaPakzad"><img alt="Profile image of Leila Pakzad" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Leila Pakzad</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 15288564; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=15288564"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The 3D flow field generated by a Scaba 6SRGT impeller in the agitation of xanthan gum, a pseudoplastic fluid with yield stress, was simulated using the commercial CFD package. The flow was modeled as laminar and a multiple reference frame (MRF) approach was used to solve the discretized equations of motion. The velocity profiles predicted by the simulation agreed well with those measured using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry, a non-invasive fluid flow measurement technique for opaque systems. Using computed velocity profiles across the impeller, the effect of fluid rheology on the impeller flow number was investigated. The validated CFD model provided useful information regarding the formation of cavern around the impeller in the mixing of yield stress fluids and the size of cavern predicted by the CFD model was in good agreement with that calculated using Elson's model.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":43366988,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/15288564/Using_computational_fluid_dynamics_modeling_to_study_the_mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_with_a_Scaba_6SRGT_impeller"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":43366988,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/15288564/Using_computational_fluid_dynamics_modeling_to_study_the_mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_with_a_Scaba_6SRGT_impeller"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The study was carried out using a pseudoplastic fluid with yield stress in the laminar mixing region. Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry (UDV), a noninvasive fluid flow measurement technique for opaque systems, was used to measure xanthan gum velocity. From flow field calculations and tracer homogenization simulations, power consumption and mixing time results were obtained. The torque and power characteristics remain the same for upward and downward pumping of the impeller, but the mixing times are considerably longer for the downward pumping mode. Overall, the numerical results showed good agreement with experimental results and correlations developed by other researchers. From the power and mixing time results, two efficiency criteria were utilized to determine the best pumping mode of the impeller.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using CFD and Ultrasonic velocimetry to Study the Mixing of Pseudoplastic Fluids with a Helical Ribbon Impeller","attachmentId":88708109,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83325696/Using_CFD_and_Ultrasonic_velocimetry_to_Study_the_Mixing_of_Pseudoplastic_Fluids_with_a_Helical_Ribbon_Impeller","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83325696/Using_CFD_and_Ultrasonic_velocimetry_to_Study_the_Mixing_of_Pseudoplastic_Fluids_with_a_Helical_Ribbon_Impeller"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="118168317" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118168317/Characterisation_of_the_mixing_of_non_newtonian_fluids_with_a_scaba_6SRGT_impeller_through_ert_and_CFD">Characterisation of the mixing of non‐newtonian fluids with a scaba 6SRGT impeller through ert and CFD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="301498519" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliLohi">Ali Lohi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An attempt has been made to study the mixing of yield‐pseudoplastic fluids with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller using electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The ERT system with four sensor planes, each containing 16 equispaced stainless steel electrodes, was used to measure the mixing time. The multiple reference frames (MRF) technique and the modified Herschel–Bulkley model were applied to simulate the impeller rotation and the rheological behaviour of the non‐Newtonian fluids, respectively. To validate the model, the CFD results for the power consumption were compared to the experimental data. The validated model was then employed to obtain further information regarding the averaged impeller shear rate, impeller circulation, and pumping capacities. The CFD and ERT data were utilised to investigate the effect of the impeller power, fluid rheology, and impeller size on the mixing time. The mixing time results obtained in this study were in good agreeme...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterisation of the mixing of non‐newtonian fluids with a scaba 6SRGT impeller through ert and CFD","attachmentId":113857791,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118168317/Characterisation_of_the_mixing_of_non_newtonian_fluids_with_a_scaba_6SRGT_impeller_through_ert_and_CFD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118168317/Characterisation_of_the_mixing_of_non_newtonian_fluids_with_a_scaba_6SRGT_impeller_through_ert_and_CFD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="26280139" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26280139/Improving_the_dynamic_performance_of_continuous_flow_mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_possessing_yield_stress_using_Maxblend_impeller">Improving the dynamic performance of continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress using Maxblend impeller</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50195682" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MehrabMehrvar">Mehrab Mehrvar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The strategic approach of this article is to characterize the continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress in a stirred reactor with the Maxblend impeller. Dynamic experiments were carried out through the frequency-modulated random binary input of a brine solution to determine the extent of non-ideal flows.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Improving the dynamic performance of continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress using Maxblend impeller","attachmentId":46593313,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26280139/Improving_the_dynamic_performance_of_continuous_flow_mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_possessing_yield_stress_using_Maxblend_impeller","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26280139/Improving_the_dynamic_performance_of_continuous_flow_mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_possessing_yield_stress_using_Maxblend_impeller"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="92855575" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92855575/Assessing_the_Mixing_Effectiveness_of_Dual_Impeller_Systems_in_the_Agitation_of_Viscoplastic_Fluids">Assessing the Mixing Effectiveness of Dual-Impeller Systems in the Agitation of Viscoplastic Fluids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34407781" href="https://imperial.academia.edu/ChristosNMarkides">Christos N Markides</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dye visualisation techniques and CFD are employed to examine the flow of viscoplastic Carbopol TM 980 fluids, agitated with dual-impeller systems comprising various combinations of Rushton turbine (RT) and pitched blade turbine (PBT) impellers. The effects of impeller configurations and arrangements on the flows are investigated. Phenomena including mixing, 'cavern'-'cavern' segregation, and flow compartmentalisation are explained by considering the dynamics of the velocity fields and associated flow patterns. Dual-RT agitation induces highly symmetrical flows and dependent on the impeller separation, produces strong, time-dependent flow compartmentalisation. Flow compartmentalisation is overcome in comparable dual-PBT systems due the downward-pumping nature of the PBT producing a state of full-tank homogeneity through a cavern engulfment process. The quality of mixing is compared with mixing effectiveness being maximised for a configuration featuring PBT overlying RT impellers. These results demonstrate clearly the influence of the impeller geometrical arrangement on the mixing effectiveness of viscoplastic fluids in dual-impeller systems.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessing the Mixing Effectiveness of Dual-Impeller Systems in the Agitation of Viscoplastic Fluids","attachmentId":95753265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92855575/Assessing_the_Mixing_Effectiveness_of_Dual_Impeller_Systems_in_the_Agitation_of_Viscoplastic_Fluids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92855575/Assessing_the_Mixing_Effectiveness_of_Dual_Impeller_Systems_in_the_Agitation_of_Viscoplastic_Fluids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="118168534" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118168534/Gas_Holdup_Distribution_in_a_Coaxial_Mixer_Containing_Yield_Pseudoplastic_Fluids_Effect_of_Biopolymer_Concentration">Gas Holdup Distribution in a Coaxial Mixer Containing Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluids: Effect of Biopolymer Concentration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="301498519" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliLohi">Ali Lohi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ECP 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The performance of gas-liquid mixing processes in agitated vessels is commonly measured by the degree of gas dispersion, and local measurements of this parameter can provide a more accurate description of the mixing, especially for non-Newtonian fluids. For instance, the fluid flow of complex yield-pseudoplastic solutions is highly affected by the local shear stress, leading to a non-homogeneous air distribution throughout the mixing vessel. Coaxial mixers have demonstrated energy-efficient characteristics for non-Newtonian fluids that improve mixing homogeneity due to the independent rotation of a central impeller and a close-clearance impeller. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the axial profile of the local gas holdup in a PBT-anchor coaxial mixer containing xanthan gum solutions, which is a biopolymer widely utilized as an emulsion stabilizer, dispersing agent, and thickener. The rheological behavior of the solutions was described by the Herschel-Bulkley model, and the effect of the xanthan gum concentration on the gas holdup distribution was analyzed. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was employed to obtain the gas holdup from the conductivity measurements of the mixture in each of the four horizontal planes. Results show that the gas holdup increased downward for all solutions, and a lower xanthan gum concentration reduced the nonhomogeneity in gas distribution and the overall gas volume fraction. In contrast, higher xanthan gum concentrations enhanced gas holdup in high shear stress regions while weakening air dispersion distant from those regions due to higher viscous forces.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gas Holdup Distribution in a Coaxial Mixer Containing Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluids: Effect of Biopolymer Concentration","attachmentId":113857831,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118168534/Gas_Holdup_Distribution_in_a_Coaxial_Mixer_Containing_Yield_Pseudoplastic_Fluids_Effect_of_Biopolymer_Concentration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118168534/Gas_Holdup_Distribution_in_a_Coaxial_Mixer_Containing_Yield_Pseudoplastic_Fluids_Effect_of_Biopolymer_Concentration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="10302002" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10302002/Mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_using_helical_ribbon_impellers">Mixing of pseudoplastic fluids using helical ribbon impellers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25241251" href="https://hct-pharmacy.academia.edu/mshekhar">murthy shekhar</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38430149" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SreenivasJayanti">Sreenivas Jayanti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Aiche Journal, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Helical ribbon impellers are widely used in chemical and process industries for the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids of high viscosity. The design of such impellers is based on an assumed linear relation between shear rate and the rotation speed of the impeller. A number of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow field have been carried to verify this hypothesis. It is shown that while the shear rate varies greatly within the mixing vessel, there does exist a linear relationship between the impeller speed and the local shear rate near the tip of the impeller. The proportionality constant Ks associated with this linear relation is found to be dependent on the geometric parameters of the system, but is largely independent of the flow behavior index. Based on these results, a new correlation, applicable to both Newtonian and power-law fluids for power consumption, is proposed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mixing of pseudoplastic fluids using helical ribbon impellers","attachmentId":47446407,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10302002/Mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_using_helical_ribbon_impellers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10302002/Mixing_of_pseudoplastic_fluids_using_helical_ribbon_impellers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="118168458" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118168458/Investigation_of_hydrodynamic_performances_of_coaxial_mixers_in_agitation_of_yield_pseudoplasitc_fluids_Single_and_double_central_impellers_in_combination_with_the_anchor">Investigation of hydrodynamic performances of coaxial mixers in agitation of yield-pseudoplasitc fluids: Single and double central impellers in combination with the anchor</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="301498519" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliLohi">Ali Lohi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The hydrodynamic performance of coaxial mixers, the single and double Scaba impellers in combination with an anchor impeller, was investigated in the mixing of yield-pseudoplastic fluids (xanthan gum solutions) in the laminar-transitional regime in the co-rotating mode. To explore and determine the efficiency of the coaxial mixers, both numerical and experimental approaches were adopted. The fluid rheology was described by the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) with seven planes of electrodes was applied to measure the mixing time and visualize the flow pattern inside the vessel. The flow domain of the fluid was simulated three-dimensionally applying the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The developed model was then validated through experimentally measured torque and the mixing time. The performances of the investigated coaxial mixers in this work were compared at the constant power input and similar fluid rheology with respect to the mixing time, fluid velocity profiles, and mixing efficiency. Applying the previously published correlations for the power and Reynolds numbers of the coaxial mixers showed that Pakzad et al. model [1] was valid for a wide range of the speed ratios for the double Scaba-anchor coaxial mixer, while Bao et al. model [2] was only appropriate for the higher speed ratios. Considering the mixing efficiency criteria, it was found that the double Scaba-anchor coaxial system was more efficient than the single Scabaanchor coaxial mixer in the mixing of yield pseudoplastic fluids with regard to the mixing time and power drawn.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigation of hydrodynamic performances of coaxial mixers in agitation of yield-pseudoplasitc fluids: Single and double central impellers in combination with the anchor","attachmentId":113857895,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118168458/Investigation_of_hydrodynamic_performances_of_coaxial_mixers_in_agitation_of_yield_pseudoplasitc_fluids_Single_and_double_central_impellers_in_combination_with_the_anchor","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118168458/Investigation_of_hydrodynamic_performances_of_coaxial_mixers_in_agitation_of_yield_pseudoplasitc_fluids_Single_and_double_central_impellers_in_combination_with_the_anchor"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="4335065" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4335065/Experimental_and_computational_fluid_dynamics_modeling_of_mixing_by_Visco_jet_impellers">Experimental and computational fluid dynamics modeling of mixing by Visco-jet impellers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5287206" href="https://kuniv.academia.edu/AmmarAlsairafi">Ammar Alsairafi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper reports experimental and computational frluid dynamics (CFD) studies on an impeller called Visco-jet with the aim of finding the effect of two side diameters ratio of its blade, which has a semi-conical shape, on drawdown process of floating polymericparticles into high viscosity glycerin solution. Nine different geometries were examined experimentally, and there were significant differences in their performance. The results reveal that when diameter of smaller side of semi-cone impeller is half of the other side, mixing was performed in a more efficient way. The CFD-predicted results have been used for explaining the experimental observation. The CFD-predicted hydrodynamics parameters confirm superiority of this geometry compared with the other ones.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental and computational fluid dynamics modeling of mixing by Visco-jet impellers","attachmentId":49928910,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4335065/Experimental_and_computational_fluid_dynamics_modeling_of_mixing_by_Visco_jet_impellers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4335065/Experimental_and_computational_fluid_dynamics_modeling_of_mixing_by_Visco_jet_impellers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="111051393" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111051393/Brazilian_Journal_of_Chemical_Engineering_NUMERICAL_SIMULATION_AND_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY_OF_NON_NEWTONIAN_MIXING_FLOW_WITH_A_FREE_SURFACE">Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NON-NEWTONIAN MIXING FLOW WITH A FREE SURFACE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44082524" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Brane%C5%A0irok">Brane Širok</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The object of this work was to evaluate the capability of numerical simulation to predict different features of non-Newtonian fluid mixing process. A relatively simple impeller (six bladed vane rotor) was used for the mixing of carboxymethyl cellulose. A LDA method was used to measure the tangential velocity at two points inside the mixing vessel. Using visualization, a significant vortex above the impeller was observed. The shape of the free surface was determined by a geometrical reconstruction of the images of the illuminated section. Torque on the impeller shaft was measured to determine the characteristics of the fluid. Fluent program package was used for the simulation. The problem is challenging since the effects of nonNewtonian fluid, mixing process and free surface have to be included in the simulation. The comparison between the experimental and numerical results confirms the accuracy of the simulations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NON-NEWTONIAN MIXING FLOW WITH A FREE SURFACE","attachmentId":108677567,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111051393/Brazilian_Journal_of_Chemical_Engineering_NUMERICAL_SIMULATION_AND_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY_OF_NON_NEWTONIAN_MIXING_FLOW_WITH_A_FREE_SURFACE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111051393/Brazilian_Journal_of_Chemical_Engineering_NUMERICAL_SIMULATION_AND_EXPERIMENTAL_STUDY_OF_NON_NEWTONIAN_MIXING_FLOW_WITH_A_FREE_SURFACE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="28522215" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28522215/Simulation_of_Flow_Generated_by_an_Axial_Flow_Impeller">Simulation of Flow Generated by an Axial-Flow Impeller</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="170096425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jo%C3%ABlBertrand">Joël Bertrand</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="425094" href="https://auth.academia.edu/PaulMavros">Paul Mavros</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">I t is important to extend and to validate computational ow models to simulate continuous operation of stirred vessels and to capture possible interaction of feed inlet=outlet with the ow generated by impellers. In the present work, we have developed and used a computational model to understand the ow generated by an axial ow impeller in a batch and a continuously operated baf ed vessel. A multiple reference frames approach was used to simulate ow generated by the Mixel TT impeller in stirred vessel. The predicted velocity results show reasonably good agreement (qualitative as well as quantitative) with the experimental data. Characteristics of ow around blades of Mixel TT were studied using the computational model. The computational model was extended to simulate ow and mixing in a continuous operation. Simulations were carried out to understand the interaction of the jet emanating from the feed pipe and the ow generated by the impeller. Model predictions were compared with published experimental data, obtained by laser Doppler velocimetry. The differences and similarities between batch and continuous operation are highlighted. Mixing simulations were carried out to examine possible short-circuiting and non-ideal behaviour of the continuous operation of the stirred vessel. In uence of the impeller speed, feed rate and location of inlet=outlet on mixing and on the extent of non-ideality of ow was studied. The computational model and results discussed in this work will be useful for understanding the mixing process in continuous-ow stirred vessels.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Simulation of Flow Generated by an Axial-Flow Impeller","attachmentId":48874515,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28522215/Simulation_of_Flow_Generated_by_an_Axial_Flow_Impeller","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28522215/Simulation_of_Flow_Generated_by_an_Axial_Flow_Impeller"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43366988,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43366988,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_43366988" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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