2024 Oropouche Outbreak | Oropouche

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Content Area"> <section class="cdc-page-title-bar cdc-page-offset noindex"> <time class="cdc-page-title-bar__item cdc-page-title-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-11-19 05:00:00"> November 19, 2024 </time> </section> <div class="cdc-page-title cdc-page-offset syndicate"> <h1>2024 Oropouche Outbreak</h1> </div> <div id="content" class="cdc-page-content cdc-page-offset syndicate container"> <div class="cdc-dfe-body "> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__top "> <div class="dfe-section dfe-section--page-summary summary-list" data-section="cdc_outbreak_main_summary"> <div class="dfe-section__header"> <h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-i-gswtu1ju">Key points</h2> </div> <div class="dfe-section__content">  <div class="desktop-page-summary"> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">From late 2023-2024, outbreaks of Oropouche virus disease (Oropouche) have been reported in several countries in South America and the Caribbean.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Travel-associated cases among U.S. residents have been reported, but local transmission has not been detected in the United States.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Oropouche virus is spread to people by the bites of infected biting midges. Some mosquitoes can also spread the virus.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Travelers to affected areas should protect themselves from bug bites.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Pregnant people should avoid non-essential travel to areas with a Level 2 Travel Health Notice for Oropouche.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dfe-section__image thumbnail_image_shown" id="page-summary-image"> <figure class="dfe-image page_thumbnail dfe-image__large"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/oropouche/media/images/2024/06/Mosquito-and-midge-biting-person-Dunpharlain-16-9.jpg" alt="Photo showing a midge and a mosquito (Culicoides spp.) biting a person." title="Midge and mosquito"></div></figure> </div> <div class="d-block d-md-none dfe-section__mobile-summary"> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">From late 2023-2024, outbreaks of Oropouche virus disease (Oropouche) have been reported in several countries in South America and the Caribbean.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Travel-associated cases among U.S. residents have been reported, but local transmission has not been detected in the United States.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Oropouche virus is spread to people by the bites of infected biting midges. Some mosquitoes can also spread the virus.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Travelers to affected areas should protect themselves from bug bites.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Pregnant people should avoid non-essential travel to areas with a Level 2 Travel Health Notice for Oropouche.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-buttons" class="dfe-section__desktop-nav-buttons"></div> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__center "> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_outbreak_main_situation"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_outbreak_main_situation-situation-summary" name="Situation%20summary" title="Situation summary"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-okcu_8vwif">Situation summary</h2> <h3 id="heading-roc9h6kszv">Numbers reported to ArboNET as of November 19, 2024.</h3> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--cdcmodule cdc_visualization dfe-block--width-standard"><div class="dfe-block__inner"><div class="mb-3"><div data-language="en" data-host="www.cdc.gov" class="wcms-viz-container" data-config-url="/oropouche/data-maps/oropouche-data-bites-2.json" data-sid=""></div></div></div></div><p>*Total human disease cases include neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive disease cases. Neuroinvasive disease occurs when the virus causes inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or inflammation of the tissues around the brain (meningitis).</p> <p>For more information on Oropouche ArboNET data and <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/oropouche/data-maps/current-year-data.html#:~:text=Limitations%20of%20ArboNET%20data">limitations of these data,</a> please visit our <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/oropouche/data-maps/current-year-data.html">Current Year Data</a> page.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_outbreak_main_outbreak"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_outbreak_main_outbreak-why-oropouche-is-of-concern" name="Why%20Oropouche%20is%20of%20concern" title="Why Oropouche is of concern"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-kytd0pshvm">Why Oropouche is of concern</h2> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Oropouche virus is an emerging virus in the Americas. The virus is spread to people by infected biting midges and some mosquito species.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Oropouche is <a href="/oropouche/data-maps/countries-and-territories-at-risk-for-oropouche.html" class="">occurring outside the Amazon basin</a> in areas where it hasn't previously been found.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Several deaths have been reported in people with Oropouche.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="/oropouche/symptoms/oropouche-and-pregnancy.html">Infection during pregnancy</a> has been associated with fetal death and possible birth defects.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="heading-lw-6arnuzc">Oropouche in pregnancy</h3> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Oropouche virus can be passed from a pregnant person to their fetus.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">This type of spread has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes such as fetal deaths, stillbirths, and birth defects.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">The risk of an infected pregnant person passing the virus to their fetus is not currently known.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">CDC is working to understand the potential risks of Oropouche during pregnancy and will share updates as we learn more.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="/oropouche/symptoms/oropouche-and-pregnancy.html">Complications of Oropouche and Pregnancy</a></div><h3 id="heading-dvaqtnagy6">Possible sexual transmission of Oropouche</h3> <p>A recent <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/12/24-1470_article">scientific report</a> describes the first time Oropouche virus was found in semen of a patient who had Oropouche, which raises concern about the possible risk of sexual transmission. Other viruses (like Zika and Ebola viruses) in semen have been associated with sexual transmission of other infectious diseases. No cases of sexual transmission of Oropouche virus have been reported. </p> <p>CDC has interim <a href="/oropouche/prevention/index.html">recommendations</a> for male travelers and all travelers to areas with a <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices">Level 1 or 2 Travel Health Notice for Oropouche</a> to prevent possible transmission during sex.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="/oropouche/prevention/index.html">Preventing Oropouche</a></div><h3 id="heading--bpjtxzr56">Likelihood of spread to United States</h3> <h4 id="heading-yrv-ymobda">Continental United States</h4> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Although the likelihood of Oropouche spreading widely in the continental United States is low because of differences in climate, types of biting midges and mosquitoes, and lifestyles (such as the use of air conditioning), some cases may occur in limited areas.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">CDC continues to evaluate the possibility of spread in the continental United States and we will update as we know more.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4 id="heading-occdxyv8oo">U.S. territories, such as Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands</h4> <p>It is unknown how widely Oropouche virus could spread in Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands. </p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_outbreak_main_guide"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_outbreak_main_guide-what-you-should-do" name="What%20you%20should%20do" title="What you should do"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading--rafwmd5gd">What you should do</h2> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">You can take <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/oropouche/prevention/index.html">measures to protect yourself</a> by preventing mosquito and other insect bites.<ul> <li class="level-2">Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-2">Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-2">Wear clothing and gear treated with permethrin.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-2">Control biting insects in and around your home.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Travelers to the Amazon basin in South America, and areas of the Caribbean should review <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel">country-specific travel recommendations</a>, <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices">health notices</a>, and warnings.<ul> <li class="level-2">Travelers to <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices">areas with Oropouche</a> should use prevention measures to avoid biting midge and mosquito bites during travel and for 3 weeks after travel to prevent additional spread of the virus into unaffected areas in the United States.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-2">Follow <a href="/oropouche/prevention/index.html" class="ce-selection">recommendations </a>to prevent possible spread through sex.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="heading-fl437iwogc">If you're a pregnant traveler</h3> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Talk to your healthcare provider about travel plans, why you're traveling, steps to prevent insect bites, and potential risks.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">If you're pregnant and considering travel to areas with a <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices" class="ce-selection">Level 2 Travel Health Notice</a> for Oropouche, reconsider nonessential travel.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">If you must travel, strictly follow steps to prevent insect bites during travel.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--standard"><div class="dfe-callout__icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img"></div> <h3>Prevent bug bites!&lrm;</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">Take steps to protect yourself from bug bites. Use EPA-registered insect repellent and wear loose-fitting, long clothing.</div> </div></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_outbreak_main_audience4"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_outbreak_main_audience4-what-cdc-is-doing" name="What%20CDC%20is%20doing" title="What CDC is doing"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-udogkk9ykx">What CDC is doing</h2> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Working with state public health and international partners to enable rapid disease detection and surveillance of Oropouche, which will guide prevention measures.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Providing guidance to state and local public health departments on <a href="/oropouche/php/response/index.html">how to respond to cases</a> that might be identified in the United States or its territories.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Assisting health departments and medical practitioners with clinical consultation and testing for suspected Oropouche cases.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Developing and validating new tests for diagnosing Oropouche.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Working with other federal and state agencies to learn more about the insects that spread Oropouche.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Funding research in Florida to inform regional capacity to prevent and respond to Oropouche by conducting vector competence studies on local potential vectors using virus strain currently circulating in Cuba.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Funding communication research to help learn what questions people have about Oropouche.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Sharing information with partners such as clinicians, public health departments, and community organizations through newsletters, websites, and partner calls and meetings.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Keeping the public informed through CDC websites and social media platforms as information about Oropouche evolves.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Updating CDC's <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices">Travel Health Notices</a> as new information becomes available.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Providing clinical consultation and guidance for healthcare providers and tracking the impact of Oropouche virus on pregnant people and infants.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--standard"><div class="dfe-callout__icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img"></div> <h3>Health Advisory&lrm;</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">On August 16, 2024, CDC issued a Health Advisory, "<a href="/travel/notices/level2/oropouche-cuba">Increased Oropouche Virus Activity and Associated Risk to Travelers</a>," via the Health Alert Network.</div> </div></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_outbreak_main_see-also"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_outbreak_main_see-also-see-also" name="See%20also" title="See also"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-hf48otrn2t">See also</h2> <div class="dfe-links-layout--featured"><div class="dfe-curated-link dfe-curated-link--featured" data-post="1912_60"><div class="dfe-curated-link__image dfe-image image-container featured"><a href="/oropouche/prevention/index.html" title="Preventing Oropouche"><img src="/oropouche/media/images/2024/06/Applying-repellent-PHOCO-154-16-9.jpg" alt="Photo showing an adult applying insect repellent to a child's arm."></a></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__content featured"><div class="dfe-curated-link__title"><a class="cdc-block-link" href="/oropouche/prevention/index.html">Preventing Oropouche</a></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__desc">Find tips on how to prevent Oropouche virus infection, including possible sexual transmission</div> <time class="dfe-curated-link__date">Nov. 4, 2024</time> <div class="featured download"></div></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__download"></div></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link dfe-curated-link--featured" data-post="1912_43"><div class="dfe-curated-link__image dfe-image image-container featured"><a href="/oropouche/about/index.html" title="About Oropouche"><img src="/oropouche/media/images/2024/07/PHOCO-183-family-repellent-16-9.jpg" alt="Family on a picnic and using insect repellent to protect themselves from bug bites."></a></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__content featured"><div class="dfe-curated-link__title"><a class="cdc-block-link" href="/oropouche/about/index.html">About Oropouche</a></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__desc">Briefly understand the cause, symptoms, and ways to prevent it.</div> <time class="dfe-curated-link__date">Oct. 11, 2024</time> <div class="featured download"></div></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__download"></div></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link dfe-curated-link--featured" data-post="1912_85"><div class="dfe-curated-link__image dfe-image image-container featured"><a href="/oropouche/causes/index.html" title="Oropouche: Causes and How It Spreads"><img src="/oropouche/media/images/2024/08/Culicoides-paraensis-female-16-9.jpg" alt="Photo of Culicoides paraensis is a biting midge that can spread Oropouche virus to people and animals."></a></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__content featured"><div class="dfe-curated-link__title"><a class="cdc-block-link" href="/oropouche/causes/index.html">Oropouche: Causes and How It Spreads</a></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__desc">Oropouche virus is spread to people primarily through the bite of infected biting midges.</div> <time class="dfe-curated-link__date">Oct. 11, 2024</time> <div class="featured download"></div></div> <div class="dfe-curated-link__download"></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__right page-right-rail"> <aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary"> <div class="on-this-page " data-sid=""> <h2 class="on-this-page__heading"> On This Page </h2> <div class="card-body"> <ul> <li><a href="#cdc_outbreak_main_situation-situation-summary">Situation summary</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_outbreak_main_outbreak-why-oropouche-is-of-concern">Why Oropouche is of concern</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_outbreak_main_guide-what-you-should-do">What you should do</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_outbreak_main_audience4-what-cdc-is-doing">What CDC is doing</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_outbreak_main_see-also-see-also">See also</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <section class="container page-mobile-bar"> <time class="page-mobile-bar__item page-mobile-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-11-19 00:00:00"> November 19, 2024 </time> </section> <div class="page-content-sources noindex"> <div class="page-content-sources__header"> <a data-action="summary" class="collapsed" href="#content-sources" role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="content-sources" data-cs-toggle="">Sources</a> <a data-action="print" href="#print" class="d-none d-md-block" aria-label="print this page" onclick="window.print()">Print</a> <a data-action="share" href="#share" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="share this page" aria-expanded="false">Share</a> <div class="dropdown-menu page-share-bar" data-popper-placement="bottom-start"> <a href="#" class="page-share-facebook"><span class="cdc-icon-facebook"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-linkedin"><span class="cdc-icon-linkedin"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-twitter"><span class="cdc-icon-twitter"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-syndication"><span class="cdc-icon-rss"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="page-share-container"> <div class="page-share-popup" id="page-share-popup" role="dialog"> <a target="_blank" 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class="page-share-syndication metrics-share-syndicate" href="https://tools.cdc.gov/medialibrary/index.aspx#/sharecontent/https://https://www.cdc.gov/oropouche/outbreaks/2024/index.html"> <span class="sr-only">Syndicate</span> <span class="fi cdc-icon-syndication-round"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div id="content-sources" class="page-content-sources__body accordion-collapse collapse"> <div class="callout callout-content-source" role="status"> <div class="callout-heading">Content Source:</div> <a class="cdc-block-link" href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/">National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <section class="site-footer container noindex"> <div class="row cdc-footer__inner"> <div class="col-lg-3 site-footer__heading"> <h2> <a href="/oropouche/index.html"> <i class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-solid cdc-fa-house"></i> <span class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Oropouche"> <a href="/oropouche/index.html"> Oropouche </a> <i class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-light cdc-fa-angle-right"></i> </span> </a> </h2> <p>Oropouche virus is spread primarily by midges. Learn about areas at risk, the illness it causes, and ways to prevent becoming infected.</p> <a href="/oropouche/site.html" class="btn-outline__half btn btn-outline-white btn-arrow"> View All </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-8 offset-lg-1"> <div class="row site-footer__links"> <div class="col-md-6">  <h3 class="site-footer__links__header"> <a class="cdc-footer__super-link" href="/oropouche/index.html#gen"> <span>For Everyone</span> <span class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-light cdc-fa-angle-right"></span> </a> </h3> <ul> <li> <a data-post-id="43" href="/oropouche/about/index.html"> About </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="693" href="/oropouche/symptoms/index.html"> Symptoms </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="225" href="/oropouche/outbreaks/2024/index.html"> 2024 Oropouche Outbreak </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="85" href="/oropouche/causes/index.html"> Causes and Spread </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="465" href="/oropouche/health-effects/index.html"> Understanding Your Risk </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="60" href="/oropouche/prevention/index.html"> Prevention </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="590" href="/oropouche/data-maps/index.html"> Data and Maps </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="226" href="/oropouche/stories/index.html"> Stories </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="audience-column"> <h3 class="site-footer__links__header"> <a class="cdc-footer__super-link" href="/oropouche/site.html#hcp"> <span>Health Care Providers</span> <span class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-light cdc-fa-angle-right"></span> </a> </h3> <ul> <li> <a data-post-id="65" href="/oropouche/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html"> Clinical Overview </a> </li> <li> <a data-post-id="429" href="/oropouche/hcp/clinical-care/index.html"> Clinical Care </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="audience-column"> <h3 class="site-footer__links__header"> <a class="cdc-footer__super-link" href="/oropouche/site.html#php"> <span>Public Health</span> <span class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-light cdc-fa-angle-right"></span> </a> 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