SUPER QU軳TET CHEMISTRY I

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1254"> <title>SUPER QU軳TET CHEMISTRY I</title> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0"> <script language="JavaScript" fptype="dynamicoutline">  </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2" fptype="dynamicoutline" src="../../outline.js"> </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2" fptype="dynamicoutline" for="document" event="onreadystatechange()">  </script> </head> <body onclick="dynOutline()" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" vlink="#000099" alink="#000099"> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000099"> <tr> <td width="100%">SUPER QU軳TET CHEMISTRY I: Introduction to Chemistry - For Ages 14 - 17</td> </tr> </table> </center></div><center> <table border="1" width="100%" height="1111"> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="16">INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="16">THE GASEOUS STATE </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="17">1. CHEMISTRY-AN INTRODUCTION</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="17">13. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="131" align="left"><ol> <li><a href="/chemistry/vol2/introduction/z1.htm">Interactions of a typical chemist (Z 1)</a></li> <li><a href="/chemistry/vol2/introduction/z2.htm">Various parts of the scientific method (Z 2)</a></li> </ol> <table border="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000080"> <tr> <td width="100%">2. CHEMISTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT</td> </tr> </table> <ol> <li><a href="/chemistry/vol2/chemenv/h94.htm">Avarage global temperatures (H 94)</a></li> <li><a href="/chemistry/vol2/chemenv/z44.htm">Greenhouse effect (Z 44)</a></li> <li><A href="/chemistry/vol2/chemenv/z36.htm">Concentration of smog components in air (Z 36)</A></li> <li><A href="/chemistry/vol2/chemenv/h93.htm">Use of chlorofluorocarbons in the United States (H 93)</A></li> <li><A href="/chemistry/vol2/chemenv/z184.htm">The nitrogen cycle (Z 184)</A></li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="131" align="left"> <ol> <li> <style="line-height: 100%"><A href="pressure%20and%20temprature/z25.htm">Torricellian barometer (Z 25)</A> </li> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="pressure%20and%20temprature/z26.htm">Simple manometer (Z 26)</A> </li> <li><A href="pressure%20and%20temprature/z7.htm">The three major temperature scales (Z 7)</A> </li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="5">THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="1" rowspan="2">14. REAL AND IDEAL GASES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="1">3. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM</td> </tr> </center> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="1" style="list-style-type: decimal"> <ol dynamicoutline> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/z12.htm">Deflection of cathode rays (Z 12)</A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/z13.htm">Diagram of Millikan apparatus (Z 13)</A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/z14.htm">Rutherford's experimental set-up (Z 14)</A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/z15.htm">Expected and actual results of Rutherford's experiment (Z 15)</A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/z19.htm">Diagram of a mass spectrometer (Z 19)</A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/h79.htm">Band of stability (H 79) </A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/h78.htm">Binding energy curve for the elements (H 78) </A> </li> <li> <style="line-height: 100%" align="left"><A href="the%20structure%20of%20the%20atom/z9.htm">The organisation of matter (Z 9)</A> </li> </ol> </td> <center> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="1"><ol> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="real%20and%20ideal%20gases/z27.htm">Plotting Boyle's data (Z 27)</A> </li> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="real%20and%20ideal%20gases/h40.htm">Graphs of change volume of a gas as pressure changes (H 40)</A> </li> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="real%20and%20ideal%20gases/z28.htm">Plot of PV versus P for gases at low pressure (Z 28)</A> </li> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="real%20and%20ideal%20gases/z29.htm">Plots of V versus T (Z 29)</A> </li> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="real%20and%20ideal%20gases/z34.htm">Plots of PV/nRT verus P (Z 34)</A> </li> <li><style="line-height: 100%"><A href="real%20and%20ideal%20gases/z35.htm">Plots of PV/nRT versus P for N2 gas (Z 35)</A> </li> </ol>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="15" valign="top">THE PERIODIC TABLE</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="23" rowspan="2">15. GASEOUS REACTIONS AND VOLUMES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="2" valign="top">4. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="1"><ol> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h1.htm">Common elements and symbols (H 1)</A> </li> <li><a href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h2.htm">The periodic table (H 2)</a> </li> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h54.htm">Active metals in the periodic table (H 54)</A> </li> <li><a href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h21.htm">Metals, semi-metals, nonmetals in the periodic table (H 21)</a> </li> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h82.htm">Semi-metals in the periodic table (H 82)</A> </li> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h88.htm">Transition metals in the periodic table (H 88)</A> </li> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h91.htm">Post-transition metals in the periodic table (H 91)</A> </li> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/h74.htm">Nonmetals in the periodic table (H 74)</A> </li> <li><a href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/z60.htm">Form of periodic table recomended by IUPAC (Z 60)</a> </li> <li><A href="classification%20of%20the%20elements/z17.htm">Flow chart for naming binary compounds (Z 17)</A> </li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="1"><ol> <li><A href="gaseous%20reactions%20and%20volumes/z10.htm">Gay-Lussac's combining gas volumes results (Z 10)</A> </li> <li><A href="gaseous%20reactions%20and%20volumes/z11.htm">Combining gases at the molecular level (Z 11)</A> </li> <li><A href="gaseous%20reactions%20and%20volumes/h4.htm">Reaction of methane and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water (x2) (H4)</A> </li> </ol>      </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="26">PERIODIC TRENDS IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="40" rowspan="2">16. KINETIC GAS THEORY</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="8">5. ATOMIC/IONIC RADII</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="68"><ol> <li><A href="atomic-ionic%20radii/z16.htm">The periodic table (Z 16)</A> </li> <li><A href="atomic-ionic%20radii/h17.htm">Covalent and ionic radii of elements (H 17)</A> </li> <li><a href="atomic-ionic%20radii/z67.htm">Atomic radii for selected atoms (Z 67)</a> </li> <li><a href="atomic-ionic%20radii/z73.htm">Sizes of ions related to position in periodic table (Z 73)</a> </li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="68"><ol> <li><A href="kinetic%20gas%20theory/z30.htm">Postulates of the kinetic molecular theory (Z 30)</A></li> <li><A href="kinetic%20gas%20theory/z31.htm">Distribution of molecular velocities of O2 at STP (Z 31)</A></li> <li><A href="kinetic%20gas%20theory/h42.htm">Distribution of the molecular speeds of different gases (H 42)</A></li> <li><A href="kinetic%20gas%20theory/z32.htm">Velocity distribution for N2 at three temperatures (Z 32)</A></li> <li><A href="kinetic%20gas%20theory/z33.htm">Effusion of a gas (Z 33)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="12" rowspan="2">6.IONIZATION ENERGY</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="26">INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="1">17. BONDING STRUCTURES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="35"><ol> <li><A href="ionization%20energy/z65.htm">First ionization energy values (Z 65)</A> </li> <li><A href="ionization%20energy/h18.htm">First ionization energies of some elements (H 18)</A> </li> <li><a href="ionization%20energy/h19.htm">Periodic relationships between first ionization energy and atomic number (H 19)</a> </li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="35"><ol> <li><A href="bonding%20structures/z112.htm">The structure of diamond, sodium chloride and ice (Z 112)</A></li> <li><A href="bonding%20structures/z119.htm">Diamond and graphite structures (Z 119)</A></li> </ol>   </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="26">7. ELECTRONIC TRENDS</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="26">18. ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND DIPOLE MOMENTS</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="102"><ol> <li><a href="electronic%20trends/h20.htm">Electron affinities of some elements (H 20)</a></li> <li><a href="electronic%20trends/z66.htm">Electron affinity values (Z 66)</a></li> <li><a href="electronic%20trends/h22.htm">Pauling's values of electronegativities (H 22)</a></li> <li><a href="electronic%20trends/h81.htm">Periodic relationships between first ionization energy and atomic number (H 81)</a></li> </ol>  </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="102"><ol> <li><A href="electronegativity%20and%20dipole%20moments/z70.htm">Pauling electronegativity values (Z 70)</A></li> <li><A href="electronegativity%20and%20dipole%20moments/z102.htm">The electron density map for HF (Z 102)</A></li> <li><A href="electronegativity%20and%20dipole%20moments/z72.htm">Dipole moment for NH3 (Z 72)</A></li> <li><A href="electronegativity%20and%20dipole%20moments/z71.htm">Dipole moment for H2O (Z 71)</A></li> <li><A href="electronegativity%20and%20dipole%20moments/z81.htm">Canceling bond dipoles for XeF4 (Z 81)</A></li> <li><A href="electronegativity%20and%20dipole%20moments/z69.htm">Effect of electric field on HF molecules (Z 69)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="22">NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="41" rowspan="2">19. CHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES AND BORN-HABER CYCLE</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="13">8. NUCLEAR STABILITY</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="50"><ol> <li><A href="nuclear%20stability/z216.htm">The zone of stability (Z 216)</A></li> <li><A href="nuclear%20stability/z220.htm">The binding energy curve for various nuclei (Z 220)</A></li> <li><A href="nuclear%20stability/z221.htm">Fission and fusion related to the binding energy curve (Z 221)</A> </li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="50"><ol> <li><A href="chemical%20bond%20energies%20and%20born-haber%20cycle/h23.htm">Average bond energies (kj mo1-1) (H 23)</A></li> <li><A href="chemical%20bond%20energies%20and%20born-haber%20cycle/z74.htm">Energy of formation of MgO(s) versus NaF(s) (Z 74)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="13" rowspan="2">9. RADIO ACTIVITY</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="19">INTERMOLECULAR FORCES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="1">20. DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="104" rowspan="2" valign="top"><ol> <li><A href="radioactivity/z217.htm">The 238U disintegration series (Z 217)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/h80.htm">The thorium decay series (H 80)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/z218.htm">A schematic showing the half life for 90Sr (Z 218)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/z219.htm">A schematic of a Geiger counter (Z 219)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/z222.htm">Fission produces a chain reaction (Z 222)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/z223.htm">Schematic of a nuclear power plant (Z 223)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/z224.htm">Schematic of a reactor core (Z 224)</A></li> <li><A href="radioactivity/z225.htm">Schematic of possible storage system nuclear waste (Z 225)</A></li> </ol>  </td> <td width="50%" height="3" valign="top"><ol> <li><A href="dipole-dipole%20forces/z105.htm">Dipole-dipole attractions (Z 105)</A></li> <li><A href="dipole-dipole%20forces/z108.htm">London dispersion forces (Z 108)</A></li> </ol>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="95"><table border="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000080" height="1"> <tr> <td width="100%" valign="top" height="1">21. HYDROGEN BONDING</td> </tr> </table> <ol> <li><A href="hydrogen%20bonding/z107.htm">The boiling points for various families of hydrides (Z 107)</A></li> <li><A href="hydrogen%20bonding/z20.htm">Polarity of the water molecule (Z 20)</A></li> <li><A href="hydrogen%20bonding/z106.htm">Hydrogen bonding among water molecules (Z 106)</A></li> <li><A href="hydrogen%20bonding/z179.htm">The ice structure (Z 179)</A></li> <li><A href="hydrogen%20bonding/h44.htm">Heating curve for water (H44)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="25">STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#FF8000" height="25">PHASE CHANGES AND ALLOTROPY</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="28">10. CLOSE PACKING ARRANGEMENTS AND COORDINATION NUMBERS</td> <td width="50%" bgcolor="#000080" height="28">22. PHASE CHANGES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="124"><ol> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/z113.htm">The closest packing of spheres (Z 113)</A></li> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/h46.htm">Closest packing of spheres (H 46)</A></li> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/h47.htm">Hexagonal and cubic closest packing (H 47)</A></li> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/z114.htm">Hexagonal closest packing (Z 114)</A></li> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/z115.htm">Cubic closest packing (Z 115)</A></li> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/z116.htm">Closest neighbors in closest packed spheres (Z 116)</A></li> <li><A href="close%20packing%20arrangements%20and%20coordination%20numbers/z117.htm">Net spheres on faces and corners of unit cell (Z 117)</A></li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="124"><ol> <li><A href="phase%20changes/h41.htm">Vapor pressure ice and water at various temperatures (H 41)</A></li> <li><A href="phase%20changes/z124.htm">Diagrams showing the reason vapor pressure depends on temperature (Z 124)</A></li> <li><A href="phase%20changes/h45.htm">Phase diagram for water (x2) (H 45)</A></li> <li><A href="phase%20changes/z127.htm">The phase diagram for water (Z 127)</A></li> <li><A href="phase%20changes/z126.htm">Solid-liquid phases in equilibrium with vapor phase (Z 126)</A></li> <li><A href="phase%20changes/z128.htm">The phase diagram for CO2 (Z 128)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="25" bgcolor="#000080">11. UNIT CELLS AND INTERSTITIAL SITES</td> <td width="50%" height="25" bgcolor="#000080">23. ALLOTROPY</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="104"><ol> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/h50.htm">Unit cells of metals (H 50)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/h48.htm">Body-centered cubic structure (H 48)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/z109.htm">Several unit cells and their lattices (Z 109)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/z123.htm">Cubic closest packing in NaCI (Z 123)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/h51.htm">Unit cells cesium chloride, sodium chloride, zinc blende (H 51)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/h49.htm">Unit cells of sodium chloride (H 49)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/z121.htm">Trigonal, tetrahedral and octahedral holes (Z 121)</A></li> <li><A href="unit%20cells%20and%20intersitial%20sites/z122.htm">Position tetrahedral holes in face-centered cubic unit cell (Z 122)</A></li> </ol> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="104"><ol> <li><A href="allotropy/z130.htm">Phase diagram for carbon (Z 130)</A></li> <li><A href="allotropy/h76.htm">Crystal structure of diamond and graphite (H 76)</A></li> <li><A href="allotropy/z186.htm">Structures of the various forms of phosphorus ( Z 186)</A></li> <li><A href="allotropy/z129.htm">Phase diagram for sulfur (Z 129)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="15" bgcolor="#000080" rowspan="2">12.PROBING THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE</td> <td width="50%" height="25" bgcolor="#FF8000">COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="1" bgcolor="#000080">24. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="83"><ol> <li><A href="probing%20the%20crystal%20structure/z110.htm">Interference of light waves (Z 110)</A></li> <li><A href="probing%20the%20crystal%20structure/z111.htm">Diagram fo support the Bragg equation (Z 111)</A></li> </ol>  </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" height="83"><ol> <li><A href="colligative%20properties/z8.htm">Simple laboratory distillation apparatus (Z 8)</A></li> <li><A href="colligative%20properties/z133.htm">Vapor pressure diagrams various types of liquid/liquid solutions (Z 133)</A></li> <li><A href="colligative%20properties/z134.htm">Vapor diagram for an aqueous solution (Z 134)</A></li> <li><A href="colligative%20properties/h53.htm">Phase diagram of a solution (H 53)</A></li> <li><A href="colligative%20properties/z135.htm">The development of osmotic pressure (Z 135)</A></li> </ol> </td> </tr> </table> </center> [ <a href="/chemistry/index.html">葭indekiler</a>] </body> </html>

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SUPER QU軳TET CHEMISTRY I