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He is a lifetime Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1987 he delivered at the University of Chicago The Exxon Distinguished Lectures in Humane Approaches to the Social Sciences. In 2004 he was a featured speaker at the first Cultural Summit of the European Union, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. In January 2007 he delivered the Werner Heisenberg Memorial Lecture, in Munich, Germany, at the invitation of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. He has won Guggenheim, Killam-Canada Council, Carl Friedrich von Siemens, and four National Endowment for the Humanities fellowships. He has been awarded The Benton Bowl (for contribution to education in politics) by Yale University, the Robert Foster Cherry Great Teacher of the World Prize, by Baylor University, and the Outstanding Graduate Teaching Award, Univ. of Texas.<br /><b>Address: </b>Austin, Texas, United States<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12705588">View All (51)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12705588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Political_Philosophy"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle","location":"/ThomasPangle","scheme":"https","host":"utexas.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ThomasPangle","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Classical Political Philosophy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-4d384fe9-f24a-42bd-891f-88156fcc30ec"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-4d384fe9-f24a-42bd-891f-88156fcc30ec"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12705588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationalism_In_Politics_and_Philosophy"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Rationalism In Politics and Philosophy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-5fa0c271-fe0d-4c21-9554-8a2b680953f3"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-5fa0c271-fe0d-4c21-9554-8a2b680953f3"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12705588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Xenophon"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e1ce982d-038b-4126-9371-8f2de72a50f9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e1ce982d-038b-4126-9371-8f2de72a50f9"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12705588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montesquieu"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Montesquieu"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-482ba54a-1865-4522-bcf6-3404c97ffdc2"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-482ba54a-1865-4522-bcf6-3404c97ffdc2"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12705588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitanism"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Cosmopolitanism"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-2256be0c-e072-49fe-bb8c-84218f104d3b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-2256be0c-e072-49fe-bb8c-84218f104d3b"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="CV_shorter.doc" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/ThomasPangle/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; 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What does virtù—excellence—mean in the life of Machiavelli himself, as a thinker? What becomes of intellectual or theoretical virtue, as the Socratics (esp. Xenophon) conceived that virtue; what becomes of philosophy as a distinct, trans-political way of life, as the best life?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa66a9089f586593a0bf5cfc30649a0d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110666014,"asset_id":113795934,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110666014/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113795934"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113795934"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113795934; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113795934]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113795934]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113795934; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113795934']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 113795934, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fa66a9089f586593a0bf5cfc30649a0d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113795934]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113795934,"title":"Machiavelli on the Best Life for the Individual","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"What is Machiavelli's answer to the question, what is the best way of life for an individual? —Above all, for an individual such as himself? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102355453"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102355453/The_Roots_of_Political_Philosophy_Ten_Forgotten_Socratic_Dialogues_CHINESE_TRANSLATION"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues CHINESE TRANSLATION" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102648034/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102355453/The_Roots_of_Political_Philosophy_Ten_Forgotten_Socratic_Dialogues_CHINESE_TRANSLATION">The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues CHINESE TRANSLATION</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been large...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been largely neglected for the last century. Although everyone of these dialogues belongs to the classical canon of Platonic writings and was accepted as genuine in antiquity, most were condemned as forgeries in the early nineteenth century―and have remained under a shadow ever since. In his long introductory essay, Thomas L. Pangle offers a spirited criticism of arguments that have been adduced to support the view that some of the dialogues are counterfeit and shows in scrupulous detail why he believes in their authenticity. <br />Each dialogue is accompanied by an interpretive essay that demonstrates how a close reading of the dialogue sheds revealing light on the Platonic understanding of political theory, ethics, aesthetics, and the philosophic way of life as exemplified by Socrates. The essays include previously published pieces, some of classic stature, as well as studies written especially for this volume. <br />Opening an entirely new dimension of Platonic studies, The Roots of Political Philosophy addresses, in a fresh or unfamiliar perspective, major themes and puzzles such as: the nature of law, of property, and of acquisitiveness; the meaning of Socrates' famous "demonic voice"; what is at stake in the poetic claim to inspiration; and the psychology of the tyrannic as opposed to the statesmanlike or political personality. <br />Political scientists, philosophers, classicists, and students who are familiar with the textual approach associated with Leo Strauss will welcome this book, as will other readers with an interest in ancient Greek philosophy and political thought. <br />Contributors and translators: Allan Bloom, Christopher Bruell, Steven Forde, James Leake, Carnes Lord, James H. Nichols, Clifford Orwin, Thomas L. Pangle, Leo Strauss, and David Sweet.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b0d0fc6692c8fb1167f8f32ce8c01e83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102648034,"asset_id":102355453,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102648034/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102355453"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102355453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102355453; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102355453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102355453]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102355453; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102355453']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102355453, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b0d0fc6692c8fb1167f8f32ce8c01e83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102355453]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102355453,"title":"The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues CHINESE TRANSLATION","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been largely neglected for the last century. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101024375"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101024375/Considerations_on_the_Romans"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Considerations on the Romans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101678101/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101024375/Considerations_on_the_Romans">Considerations on the Romans</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cambridge Companion to Montesquieu</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter clarifies the philosophic dimension of Montesquieu’s essay on Rome, which comes to s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter clarifies the philosophic dimension of Montesquieu’s essay on Rome, which comes to sight when, in chapter 18, Montesquieu makes explicit that he is presenting here a preeminent case study vindicating the contention that “it is not Fortune that dominates the World”; there are “general causes, some moral, some physical, which operate,” and “all the accidents are subject to these causes.” This foreshadows the claim with which Montesquieu opens his Spirit of the Laws : “I have posed the principles, and I have seen the particular cases unfold therefrom as if by themselves; the histories of all the nations are nothing but the consequences.” These statements signal the emergence of the modern philosophy of history, as a major component of Enlightenment rationalism’s most ambitious project and hope: to show that human reason can provide a system of universal causal explanation that will leave no room for plausible evidence of governance by supra- and contra-rational providential and legislative divinity. This project, especially as regards history, is profoundly opposed not only to revealed religion but to ancient political rationalism, as expressed in classic formulations in Plato’s Laws (709a-c) and Plutarch’s essay “On the Fortune of the Romans.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a29ff1e4107129ec4ebf2afb88c587ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101678101,"asset_id":101024375,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101678101/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101024375"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101024375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101024375; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101024375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101024375]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101024375; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101024375']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101024375, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a29ff1e4107129ec4ebf2afb88c587ae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101024375]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101024375,"title":"Considerations on the Romans","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1017/9781108778923","abstract":"This chapter clarifies the philosophic dimension of Montesquieu’s essay on Rome, which comes to sight when, in chapter 18, Montesquieu makes explicit that he is presenting here a preeminent case study vindicating the contention that “it is not Fortune that dominates the World”; there are “general causes, some moral, some physical, which operate,” and “all the accidents are subject to these causes.” This foreshadows the claim with which Montesquieu opens his Spirit of the Laws : “I have posed the principles, and I have seen the particular cases unfold therefrom as if by themselves; the histories of all the nations are nothing but the consequences.” These statements signal the emergence of the modern philosophy of history, as a major component of Enlightenment rationalism’s most ambitious project and hope: to show that human reason can provide a system of universal causal explanation that will leave no room for plausible evidence of governance by supra- and contra-rational providential and legislative divinity. 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in The Canadian and American Constitutions in Comparative Perspective (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1993)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Canadian and American Constitutions in Comparative Perspective </span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A Tocquevillian Perspective on the difference in the constitutional status of religion in Canada ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A Tocquevillian Perspective on the difference in the constitutional status of religion in Canada vs the US</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8629bd2534d7f6a6349aaa1f0890bcfc" 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What is human flourishing? Do these questions have answers? What human wisdom, what life of wisdom, most adequately responds to these questions? Socrates and his students, from Plato and Xenophon through Aristotle and then the Stoics and Cicero, made the study of the life and soul of the exemplary, independent SAGE the supreme theme, and source of norms, for humanity's civic as well as moral existence. In medieval political philosophy, from Alfarabi on, the phenomena of the prophets, and of the saints, forced this classical normative cynosure to the background; and on the peaks of the modern enlightenment, from Machiavelli to Montesquieu, the life of the sage remained in eclipse-until Rousseau. He restored the classical centrality of the life and soul of the sagacious individual, as supremely normative. This restoration begins in Rousseau's opening work of political philosophy, the First Discourse, with its vivid portrait of the \"sage\" Socrates, and then its celebration of \"those who feel within themselves the strength to walk alone, in their own tracks.\" In Rousseau's subsequent writings, the life of the sage takes on an ever more personal dimension, that becomes elaborated in The Confessions, and then in the Dialogues, and then, as a culmination, in The Reveries of the Solitary Walker. Rousseau presents himself as \"the human being of nature, enlightened by reason\" 1-and as such the standard, for modern humanity. In an unpublished mature fragment Rousseau wrote: I have penetrated the secret of governments, I have revealed it to the peoples-not so that they would shake off the yoke, which is not possible for them, but so that they would become again humans in their slavery, and that, enslaved to their masters, they would no longer be enslaved to their vices. If they can no longer be Citizens, they can still be sages. 2 Now it is my contention that fully to appreciate, and to come to terms with, the education that Rousseau offers in his autobiographical writings, we need constantly to confront Rousseau's teaching with the profound alternative teaching of that exemplary","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":94883191},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91657830/The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-11-26T12:22:01.052-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":94883191,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94883191/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94883191/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/94883191/Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes-libre.pdf?1669494246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=S~Q47zUxmVFw4FAD6boe3bipH-31Jj7YfNBHNTIH4U74nlX9OecShKP5vU3CK17b4iIuURU8VTMQWFqEQoC5DHIfDoDe16poSupn9I0eTeM3dzhlMPIB48Q0REeADdbC-gV0qxx5hXfGCquxyzEks3MqLQfAc3d3UMIStcOKhbkTtrp-tlkFkjeaxNbzBVhsQlWAfH2lIDdMzoOcolTshl~PIBRQYzBAVmAUXbDnFQ7kFWfsbjIhytJLQYdJVJLlizQvi~Z42Vufh66jr6uAiTUZDnekO5sZ-IQt8gPnm6Ul4~Ae72evtfjZlmrznAvGgW8UT7nYnjWpxj-bpmLJ4A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":94883191,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94883191/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94883191/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/94883191/Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes-libre.pdf?1669494246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=S~Q47zUxmVFw4FAD6boe3bipH-31Jj7YfNBHNTIH4U74nlX9OecShKP5vU3CK17b4iIuURU8VTMQWFqEQoC5DHIfDoDe16poSupn9I0eTeM3dzhlMPIB48Q0REeADdbC-gV0qxx5hXfGCquxyzEks3MqLQfAc3d3UMIStcOKhbkTtrp-tlkFkjeaxNbzBVhsQlWAfH2lIDdMzoOcolTshl~PIBRQYzBAVmAUXbDnFQ7kFWfsbjIhytJLQYdJVJLlizQvi~Z42Vufh66jr6uAiTUZDnekO5sZ-IQt8gPnm6Ul4~Ae72evtfjZlmrznAvGgW8UT7nYnjWpxj-bpmLJ4A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory"},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato"},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment"},{"id":10009,"name":"Socrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socrates"},{"id":15100,"name":"Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rousseau"},{"id":17382,"name":"Wisdom Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions"},{"id":17939,"name":"Socratic Teaching \u0026 Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socratic_Teaching_and_Learning"},{"id":21249,"name":"Xenophon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon"},{"id":23672,"name":"Classical Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Political_Philosophy"},{"id":31860,"name":"Jean Jaques Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Jaques_Rousseau"},{"id":32809,"name":"Wisdom Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Literature"},{"id":48063,"name":"Philosophy of the Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_the_Enlightenment"},{"id":74952,"name":"Classical Greek Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Greek_Philosophy"},{"id":955374,"name":"Sages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sages"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82442409"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82442409/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of IJ 48-3 Pangle Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88150944/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82442409/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy">IJ 48-3 Pangle Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—whic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—which Hegel himself placed at the heart of his philosophic opus. The Nature-Philosophy (Die Naturphilosophie) is literally the central (and longest) of the three parts of Hegel’s most complete published expression of his philosophy as a whole—the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. I wish to suggest that greater attention to Hegel’s philosophy of nature, especially in its complementarity and contrast with the philosophy of nature elaborated by Hegel’s great teacher, Aristotle, will shed crucially needed light on Hegel’s understanding of human nature and humanity’s place in nature, not least as a political animal. Above all, I submit, such a comparative study is essential to our better understanding of Hegel’s—as well as Aristotle’s—conception of human individuality, of the individuality of the statesman and citizen, and of the supreme form of individuality in the consciousness which constitutes the highest norm for humanity’s civic existence. It is my impression that too much of the discussion of Hegel’s political philosophy has tended to eclipse the fact that for Hegel, even more than for Aristotle, the highest purpose of civic existence is the cultivation of the life of individual philosophers dedicated to study of the whole of being. <br />Given what I show to be Hegel’s contention—that the highest purpose of civic life is the generation, education, and fostering of the lives of the few who dedicate themselves to the study of cosmic nature, and who thus alone are the truly free, because maximally liberated from personal passion and self-interest—a major question becomes: to what extent does Hegel’s failure to establish the rational necessity of cosmic nature expose him to penetrating theological critique such as Ibn Khaldun addresses to the Aristotelian science of nature?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbc57608edea7547cad7c02f70e950eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88150944,"asset_id":82442409,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88150944/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82442409"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82442409"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82442409; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82442409]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82442409]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82442409; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82442409']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82442409, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cbc57608edea7547cad7c02f70e950eb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82442409]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82442409,"title":"IJ 48-3 Pangle Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—which Hegel himself placed at the heart of his philosophic opus. The Nature-Philosophy (Die Naturphilosophie) is literally the central (and longest) of the three parts of Hegel’s most complete published expression of his philosophy as a whole—the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. I wish to suggest that greater attention to Hegel’s philosophy of nature, especially in its complementarity and contrast with the philosophy of nature elaborated by Hegel’s great teacher, Aristotle, will shed crucially needed light on Hegel’s understanding of human nature and humanity’s place in nature, not least as a political animal. Above all, I submit, such a comparative study is essential to our better understanding of Hegel’s—as well as Aristotle’s—conception of human individuality, of the individuality of the statesman and citizen, and of the supreme form of individuality in the consciousness which constitutes the highest norm for humanity’s civic existence. It is my impression that too much of the discussion of Hegel’s political philosophy has tended to eclipse the fact that for Hegel, even more than for Aristotle, the highest purpose of civic existence is the cultivation of the life of individual philosophers dedicated to study of the whole of being. \r\nGiven what I show to be Hegel’s contention—that the highest purpose of civic life is the generation, education, and fostering of the lives of the few who dedicate themselves to the study of cosmic nature, and who thus alone are the truly free, because maximally liberated from personal passion and self-interest—a major question becomes: to what extent does Hegel’s failure to establish the rational necessity of cosmic nature expose him to penetrating theological critique such as Ibn Khaldun addresses to the Aristotelian science of nature?\r\n\r\n\r\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":"Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—which Hegel himself placed at the heart of his philosophic opus. The Nature-Philosophy (Die Naturphilosophie) is literally the central (and longest) of the three parts of Hegel’s most complete published expression of his philosophy as a whole—the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. I wish to suggest that greater attention to Hegel’s philosophy of nature, especially in its complementarity and contrast with the philosophy of nature elaborated by Hegel’s great teacher, Aristotle, will shed crucially needed light on Hegel’s understanding of human nature and humanity’s place in nature, not least as a political animal. Above all, I submit, such a comparative study is essential to our better understanding of Hegel’s—as well as Aristotle’s—conception of human individuality, of the individuality of the statesman and citizen, and of the supreme form of individuality in the consciousness which constitutes the highest norm for humanity’s civic existence. It is my impression that too much of the discussion of Hegel’s political philosophy has tended to eclipse the fact that for Hegel, even more than for Aristotle, the highest purpose of civic existence is the cultivation of the life of individual philosophers dedicated to study of the whole of being. \r\nGiven what I show to be Hegel’s contention—that the highest purpose of civic life is the generation, education, and fostering of the lives of the few who dedicate themselves to the study of cosmic nature, and who thus alone are the truly free, because maximally liberated from personal passion and self-interest—a major question becomes: to what extent does Hegel’s failure to establish the rational necessity of cosmic nature expose him to penetrating theological critique such as Ibn Khaldun addresses to the Aristotelian science of nature?\r\n\r\n\r\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82442409/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-01T04:05:04.412-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88150944,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88150944/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88150944/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88150944/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy-libre.pdf?1656674635=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=cX3UujLZh2RZ9d~fO1vwSq~SNwW0usIIijb1H1NmRWKmPMVT17trEni5YImflhcSZ8b-QyCuZxweNFzvZCllFF1SwujQ0Bc1fPlu7Bn~UqDbIWPE~-gXQ3OXqxI4SOrH-cCzbruokUzn3qqeMk7oEGI-BzmBI~G0NYtN-TzGHW55ZU1AZDrZJ2ITEfcIk2h8SIW7KfbR1oLmBBbQMIOCRN7UFfJ5-ZLRPgpGPJraDVjBrs7P~pJzHr5jHYvLpiwdAKjGSl--YEt-a68~EUUvEEb57i7K8Hy8p2tR7fPL64EnuyQkrZv-~nbjbOZjIEqHJZqsVT65~NJVMp8Ia-IKRg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":88150944,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88150944/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88150944/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88150944/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy-libre.pdf?1656674635=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=cX3UujLZh2RZ9d~fO1vwSq~SNwW0usIIijb1H1NmRWKmPMVT17trEni5YImflhcSZ8b-QyCuZxweNFzvZCllFF1SwujQ0Bc1fPlu7Bn~UqDbIWPE~-gXQ3OXqxI4SOrH-cCzbruokUzn3qqeMk7oEGI-BzmBI~G0NYtN-TzGHW55ZU1AZDrZJ2ITEfcIk2h8SIW7KfbR1oLmBBbQMIOCRN7UFfJ5-ZLRPgpGPJraDVjBrs7P~pJzHr5jHYvLpiwdAKjGSl--YEt-a68~EUUvEEb57i7K8Hy8p2tR7fPL64EnuyQkrZv-~nbjbOZjIEqHJZqsVT65~NJVMp8Ia-IKRg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8885,"name":"Ibn Khaldun","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Khaldun"},{"id":14453,"name":"Georg Friedrich Wilhem Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georg_Friedrich_Wilhem_Hegel"},{"id":18108,"name":"G.W.F. 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I show that the ordered sequence which comes to light from such an exegesis provides a vividly illuminating foretaste of some of the most important dimensions of Nietzsche’s “transvaluation of all values,” viewed here from the more contemplatively playful, “philosophic,” perspective that Nietzsche assumed as he took a kind of holiday from the “serious” grandiosity of his Antichrist and Ecce Homo. <br />An online seminar discussion of this piece is available at: <br /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hDHzceI4LY" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hDHzceI4LY</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b27b38ff3f121cc2b080181bc51e9f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":72031321,"asset_id":56845647,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72031321/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="56845647"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56845647"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56845647; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56845647]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56845647]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56845647; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='56845647']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56845647, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4b27b38ff3f121cc2b080181bc51e9f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=56845647]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":56845647,"title":"The Unfolding Plan of “Maxims and Arrows” in Nietzsche’s Twilight of the Idols","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The first section of the last work whose publication Nietzsche himself supervised is often referenced, and a few of its individual items quoted and interpreted; but its overall intended plan, and thus its unfolding teaching, have not received adequate exegesis. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39232391"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39232391/The_Socratic_Founding_of_Economic_Science"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Socratic Founding of Economic Science" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59363556/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39232391/The_Socratic_Founding_of_Economic_Science">The Socratic Founding of Economic Science</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Interpretation</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Socrates’s founding of economic science has been largely unnoted, and the crucial texts (of Xenop...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Socrates’s founding of economic science has been largely unnoted, and the crucial<br />texts (of Xenophon) have not been studied with the needed interpretative care and skill—even<br />though the Socratic conception of what it means to conduct a proper science of economics<br />confronts our contemporary conceptions of economic science with grave theoretical challenges.<br />Here is presented an exegesis of the short text in which the challenges come vividly<br />to sight. I aim to introduce both the substantive Socratic teaching of Xenophon and—by<br />example—the proper methodology for interpreting his texts in order to elucidate the teaching<br />intended by their author.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="129d2e1c43d61d87d7d7ed715c61b3f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":59363556,"asset_id":39232391,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59363556/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39232391"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39232391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39232391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39232391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39232391]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39232391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39232391']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39232391, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "129d2e1c43d61d87d7d7ed715c61b3f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39232391]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39232391,"title":"The Socratic Founding of Economic Science","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Socrates’s founding of economic science has been largely unnoted, and the crucial\ntexts (of Xenophon) have not been studied with the needed interpretative care and skill—even\nthough the Socratic conception of what it means to conduct a proper science of economics\nconfronts our contemporary conceptions of economic science with grave theoretical challenges.\nHere is presented an exegesis of the short text in which the challenges come vividly\nto sight. 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Ed. Arthur Melzer, Jerry Weinberge...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From The Public Intellectual: Between Philosophy and Politics. Ed. Arthur Melzer, Jerry Weinberger, and Richard Zinman. 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—Ab...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is Machiavelli's answer to the question, what is the best way of life for an individual? —Above all, for an individual such as himself? What does virtù—excellence—mean in the life of Machiavelli himself, as a thinker? What becomes of intellectual or theoretical virtue, as the Socratics (esp. Xenophon) conceived that virtue; what becomes of philosophy as a distinct, trans-political way of life, as the best life?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa66a9089f586593a0bf5cfc30649a0d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110666014,"asset_id":113795934,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110666014/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113795934"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113795934"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113795934; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113795934]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113795934]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113795934; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113795934']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 113795934, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fa66a9089f586593a0bf5cfc30649a0d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113795934]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113795934,"title":"Machiavelli on the Best Life for the Individual","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"What is Machiavelli's answer to the question, what is the best way of life for an individual? —Above all, for an individual such as himself? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102355453"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102355453/The_Roots_of_Political_Philosophy_Ten_Forgotten_Socratic_Dialogues_CHINESE_TRANSLATION"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues CHINESE TRANSLATION" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102648034/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102355453/The_Roots_of_Political_Philosophy_Ten_Forgotten_Socratic_Dialogues_CHINESE_TRANSLATION">The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues CHINESE TRANSLATION</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been large...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been largely neglected for the last century. Although everyone of these dialogues belongs to the classical canon of Platonic writings and was accepted as genuine in antiquity, most were condemned as forgeries in the early nineteenth century―and have remained under a shadow ever since. In his long introductory essay, Thomas L. Pangle offers a spirited criticism of arguments that have been adduced to support the view that some of the dialogues are counterfeit and shows in scrupulous detail why he believes in their authenticity. <br />Each dialogue is accompanied by an interpretive essay that demonstrates how a close reading of the dialogue sheds revealing light on the Platonic understanding of political theory, ethics, aesthetics, and the philosophic way of life as exemplified by Socrates. The essays include previously published pieces, some of classic stature, as well as studies written especially for this volume. <br />Opening an entirely new dimension of Platonic studies, The Roots of Political Philosophy addresses, in a fresh or unfamiliar perspective, major themes and puzzles such as: the nature of law, of property, and of acquisitiveness; the meaning of Socrates' famous "demonic voice"; what is at stake in the poetic claim to inspiration; and the psychology of the tyrannic as opposed to the statesmanlike or political personality. <br />Political scientists, philosophers, classicists, and students who are familiar with the textual approach associated with Leo Strauss will welcome this book, as will other readers with an interest in ancient Greek philosophy and political thought. <br />Contributors and translators: Allan Bloom, Christopher Bruell, Steven Forde, James Leake, Carnes Lord, James H. Nichols, Clifford Orwin, Thomas L. Pangle, Leo Strauss, and David Sweet.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b0d0fc6692c8fb1167f8f32ce8c01e83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102648034,"asset_id":102355453,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102648034/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102355453"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102355453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102355453; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102355453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102355453]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102355453; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102355453']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102355453, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b0d0fc6692c8fb1167f8f32ce8c01e83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102355453]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102355453,"title":"The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues CHINESE TRANSLATION","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been largely neglected for the last century. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101024375"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101024375/Considerations_on_the_Romans"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Considerations on the Romans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101678101/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101024375/Considerations_on_the_Romans">Considerations on the Romans</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cambridge Companion to Montesquieu</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter clarifies the philosophic dimension of Montesquieu’s essay on Rome, which comes to s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter clarifies the philosophic dimension of Montesquieu’s essay on Rome, which comes to sight when, in chapter 18, Montesquieu makes explicit that he is presenting here a preeminent case study vindicating the contention that “it is not Fortune that dominates the World”; there are “general causes, some moral, some physical, which operate,” and “all the accidents are subject to these causes.” This foreshadows the claim with which Montesquieu opens his Spirit of the Laws : “I have posed the principles, and I have seen the particular cases unfold therefrom as if by themselves; the histories of all the nations are nothing but the consequences.” These statements signal the emergence of the modern philosophy of history, as a major component of Enlightenment rationalism’s most ambitious project and hope: to show that human reason can provide a system of universal causal explanation that will leave no room for plausible evidence of governance by supra- and contra-rational providential and legislative divinity. This project, especially as regards history, is profoundly opposed not only to revealed religion but to ancient political rationalism, as expressed in classic formulations in Plato’s Laws (709a-c) and Plutarch’s essay “On the Fortune of the Romans.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a29ff1e4107129ec4ebf2afb88c587ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101678101,"asset_id":101024375,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101678101/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101024375"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101024375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101024375; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101024375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101024375]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101024375; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101024375']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101024375, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a29ff1e4107129ec4ebf2afb88c587ae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101024375]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101024375,"title":"Considerations on the Romans","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1017/9781108778923","abstract":"This chapter clarifies the philosophic dimension of Montesquieu’s essay on Rome, which comes to sight when, in chapter 18, Montesquieu makes explicit that he is presenting here a preeminent case study vindicating the contention that “it is not Fortune that dominates the World”; there are “general causes, some moral, some physical, which operate,” and “all the accidents are subject to these causes.” This foreshadows the claim with which Montesquieu opens his Spirit of the Laws : “I have posed the principles, and I have seen the particular cases unfold therefrom as if by themselves; the histories of all the nations are nothing but the consequences.” These statements signal the emergence of the modern philosophy of history, as a major component of Enlightenment rationalism’s most ambitious project and hope: to show that human reason can provide a system of universal causal explanation that will leave no room for plausible evidence of governance by supra- and contra-rational providential and legislative divinity. 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in The Canadian and American Constitutions in Comparative Perspective (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1993)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Canadian and American Constitutions in Comparative Perspective </span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A Tocquevillian Perspective on the difference in the constitutional status of religion in Canada ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A Tocquevillian Perspective on the difference in the constitutional status of religion in Canada vs the US</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8629bd2534d7f6a6349aaa1f0890bcfc" 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What is human flourishing? Do these questions have answers? What human wisdom, what life of wisdom, most adequately responds to these questions? Socrates and his students, from Plato and Xenophon through Aristotle and then the Stoics and Cicero, made the study of the life and soul of the exemplary, independent SAGE the supreme theme, and source of norms, for humanity's civic as well as moral existence. In medieval political philosophy, from Alfarabi on, the phenomena of the prophets, and of the saints, forced this classical normative cynosure to the background; and on the peaks of the modern enlightenment, from Machiavelli to Montesquieu, the life of the sage remained in eclipse-until Rousseau. He restored the classical centrality of the life and soul of the sagacious individual, as supremely normative. This restoration begins in Rousseau's opening work of political philosophy, the First Discourse, with its vivid portrait of the \"sage\" Socrates, and then its celebration of \"those who feel within themselves the strength to walk alone, in their own tracks.\" In Rousseau's subsequent writings, the life of the sage takes on an ever more personal dimension, that becomes elaborated in The Confessions, and then in the Dialogues, and then, as a culmination, in The Reveries of the Solitary Walker. Rousseau presents himself as \"the human being of nature, enlightened by reason\" 1-and as such the standard, for modern humanity. In an unpublished mature fragment Rousseau wrote: I have penetrated the secret of governments, I have revealed it to the peoples-not so that they would shake off the yoke, which is not possible for them, but so that they would become again humans in their slavery, and that, enslaved to their masters, they would no longer be enslaved to their vices. If they can no longer be Citizens, they can still be sages. 2 Now it is my contention that fully to appreciate, and to come to terms with, the education that Rousseau offers in his autobiographical writings, we need constantly to confront Rousseau's teaching with the profound alternative teaching of that exemplary","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":94883191},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91657830/The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-11-26T12:22:01.052-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":94883191,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94883191/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94883191/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/94883191/Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes-libre.pdf?1669494246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=S~Q47zUxmVFw4FAD6boe3bipH-31Jj7YfNBHNTIH4U74nlX9OecShKP5vU3CK17b4iIuURU8VTMQWFqEQoC5DHIfDoDe16poSupn9I0eTeM3dzhlMPIB48Q0REeADdbC-gV0qxx5hXfGCquxyzEks3MqLQfAc3d3UMIStcOKhbkTtrp-tlkFkjeaxNbzBVhsQlWAfH2lIDdMzoOcolTshl~PIBRQYzBAVmAUXbDnFQ7kFWfsbjIhytJLQYdJVJLlizQvi~Z42Vufh66jr6uAiTUZDnekO5sZ-IQt8gPnm6Ul4~Ae72evtfjZlmrznAvGgW8UT7nYnjWpxj-bpmLJ4A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":94883191,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94883191/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94883191/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/94883191/Soc_and_Rouss_with_notes-libre.pdf?1669494246=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Life_of_Wisdom_Rousseau_vs_Socrates.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=S~Q47zUxmVFw4FAD6boe3bipH-31Jj7YfNBHNTIH4U74nlX9OecShKP5vU3CK17b4iIuURU8VTMQWFqEQoC5DHIfDoDe16poSupn9I0eTeM3dzhlMPIB48Q0REeADdbC-gV0qxx5hXfGCquxyzEks3MqLQfAc3d3UMIStcOKhbkTtrp-tlkFkjeaxNbzBVhsQlWAfH2lIDdMzoOcolTshl~PIBRQYzBAVmAUXbDnFQ7kFWfsbjIhytJLQYdJVJLlizQvi~Z42Vufh66jr6uAiTUZDnekO5sZ-IQt8gPnm6Ul4~Ae72evtfjZlmrznAvGgW8UT7nYnjWpxj-bpmLJ4A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory"},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato"},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment"},{"id":10009,"name":"Socrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socrates"},{"id":15100,"name":"Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rousseau"},{"id":17382,"name":"Wisdom Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions"},{"id":17939,"name":"Socratic Teaching \u0026 Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socratic_Teaching_and_Learning"},{"id":21249,"name":"Xenophon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon"},{"id":23672,"name":"Classical Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Political_Philosophy"},{"id":31860,"name":"Jean Jaques Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Jaques_Rousseau"},{"id":32809,"name":"Wisdom Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Literature"},{"id":48063,"name":"Philosophy of the Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_the_Enlightenment"},{"id":74952,"name":"Classical Greek Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Greek_Philosophy"},{"id":955374,"name":"Sages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sages"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82442409"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82442409/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of IJ 48-3 Pangle Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88150944/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82442409/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy">IJ 48-3 Pangle Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—whic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—which Hegel himself placed at the heart of his philosophic opus. The Nature-Philosophy (Die Naturphilosophie) is literally the central (and longest) of the three parts of Hegel’s most complete published expression of his philosophy as a whole—the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. I wish to suggest that greater attention to Hegel’s philosophy of nature, especially in its complementarity and contrast with the philosophy of nature elaborated by Hegel’s great teacher, Aristotle, will shed crucially needed light on Hegel’s understanding of human nature and humanity’s place in nature, not least as a political animal. Above all, I submit, such a comparative study is essential to our better understanding of Hegel’s—as well as Aristotle’s—conception of human individuality, of the individuality of the statesman and citizen, and of the supreme form of individuality in the consciousness which constitutes the highest norm for humanity’s civic existence. It is my impression that too much of the discussion of Hegel’s political philosophy has tended to eclipse the fact that for Hegel, even more than for Aristotle, the highest purpose of civic existence is the cultivation of the life of individual philosophers dedicated to study of the whole of being. <br />Given what I show to be Hegel’s contention—that the highest purpose of civic life is the generation, education, and fostering of the lives of the few who dedicate themselves to the study of cosmic nature, and who thus alone are the truly free, because maximally liberated from personal passion and self-interest—a major question becomes: to what extent does Hegel’s failure to establish the rational necessity of cosmic nature expose him to penetrating theological critique such as Ibn Khaldun addresses to the Aristotelian science of nature?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbc57608edea7547cad7c02f70e950eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88150944,"asset_id":82442409,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88150944/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82442409"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82442409"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82442409; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82442409]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82442409]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82442409; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82442409']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82442409, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cbc57608edea7547cad7c02f70e950eb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82442409]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82442409,"title":"IJ 48-3 Pangle Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—which Hegel himself placed at the heart of his philosophic opus. The Nature-Philosophy (Die Naturphilosophie) is literally the central (and longest) of the three parts of Hegel’s most complete published expression of his philosophy as a whole—the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. I wish to suggest that greater attention to Hegel’s philosophy of nature, especially in its complementarity and contrast with the philosophy of nature elaborated by Hegel’s great teacher, Aristotle, will shed crucially needed light on Hegel’s understanding of human nature and humanity’s place in nature, not least as a political animal. Above all, I submit, such a comparative study is essential to our better understanding of Hegel’s—as well as Aristotle’s—conception of human individuality, of the individuality of the statesman and citizen, and of the supreme form of individuality in the consciousness which constitutes the highest norm for humanity’s civic existence. It is my impression that too much of the discussion of Hegel’s political philosophy has tended to eclipse the fact that for Hegel, even more than for Aristotle, the highest purpose of civic existence is the cultivation of the life of individual philosophers dedicated to study of the whole of being. \r\nGiven what I show to be Hegel’s contention—that the highest purpose of civic life is the generation, education, and fostering of the lives of the few who dedicate themselves to the study of cosmic nature, and who thus alone are the truly free, because maximally liberated from personal passion and self-interest—a major question becomes: to what extent does Hegel’s failure to establish the rational necessity of cosmic nature expose him to penetrating theological critique such as Ibn Khaldun addresses to the Aristotelian science of nature?\r\n\r\n\r\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":"Commentary on Hegel’s political philosophy has largely circumvented his philosophy of nature—which Hegel himself placed at the heart of his philosophic opus. The Nature-Philosophy (Die Naturphilosophie) is literally the central (and longest) of the three parts of Hegel’s most complete published expression of his philosophy as a whole—the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. I wish to suggest that greater attention to Hegel’s philosophy of nature, especially in its complementarity and contrast with the philosophy of nature elaborated by Hegel’s great teacher, Aristotle, will shed crucially needed light on Hegel’s understanding of human nature and humanity’s place in nature, not least as a political animal. Above all, I submit, such a comparative study is essential to our better understanding of Hegel’s—as well as Aristotle’s—conception of human individuality, of the individuality of the statesman and citizen, and of the supreme form of individuality in the consciousness which constitutes the highest norm for humanity’s civic existence. It is my impression that too much of the discussion of Hegel’s political philosophy has tended to eclipse the fact that for Hegel, even more than for Aristotle, the highest purpose of civic existence is the cultivation of the life of individual philosophers dedicated to study of the whole of being. \r\nGiven what I show to be Hegel’s contention—that the highest purpose of civic life is the generation, education, and fostering of the lives of the few who dedicate themselves to the study of cosmic nature, and who thus alone are the truly free, because maximally liberated from personal passion and self-interest—a major question becomes: to what extent does Hegel’s failure to establish the rational necessity of cosmic nature expose him to penetrating theological critique such as Ibn Khaldun addresses to the Aristotelian science of nature?\r\n\r\n\r\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82442409/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-01T04:05:04.412-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88150944,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88150944/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88150944/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88150944/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy-libre.pdf?1656674635=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=cX3UujLZh2RZ9d~fO1vwSq~SNwW0usIIijb1H1NmRWKmPMVT17trEni5YImflhcSZ8b-QyCuZxweNFzvZCllFF1SwujQ0Bc1fPlu7Bn~UqDbIWPE~-gXQ3OXqxI4SOrH-cCzbruokUzn3qqeMk7oEGI-BzmBI~G0NYtN-TzGHW55ZU1AZDrZJ2ITEfcIk2h8SIW7KfbR1oLmBBbQMIOCRN7UFfJ5-ZLRPgpGPJraDVjBrs7P~pJzHr5jHYvLpiwdAKjGSl--YEt-a68~EUUvEEb57i7K8Hy8p2tR7fPL64EnuyQkrZv-~nbjbOZjIEqHJZqsVT65~NJVMp8Ia-IKRg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundational_for_His_Political_Philosophy","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":88150944,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88150944/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88150944/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88150944/IJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nature_as_Foundationalfor_His_Political_Philosophy-libre.pdf?1656674635=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIJ_48_3_Pangle_Hegel_s_Philosophy_of_Nat.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076058\u0026Signature=cX3UujLZh2RZ9d~fO1vwSq~SNwW0usIIijb1H1NmRWKmPMVT17trEni5YImflhcSZ8b-QyCuZxweNFzvZCllFF1SwujQ0Bc1fPlu7Bn~UqDbIWPE~-gXQ3OXqxI4SOrH-cCzbruokUzn3qqeMk7oEGI-BzmBI~G0NYtN-TzGHW55ZU1AZDrZJ2ITEfcIk2h8SIW7KfbR1oLmBBbQMIOCRN7UFfJ5-ZLRPgpGPJraDVjBrs7P~pJzHr5jHYvLpiwdAKjGSl--YEt-a68~EUUvEEb57i7K8Hy8p2tR7fPL64EnuyQkrZv-~nbjbOZjIEqHJZqsVT65~NJVMp8Ia-IKRg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8885,"name":"Ibn Khaldun","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Khaldun"},{"id":14453,"name":"Georg Friedrich Wilhem Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georg_Friedrich_Wilhem_Hegel"},{"id":18108,"name":"G.W.F. 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I show that the ordered sequence which comes to light from such an exegesis provides a vividly illuminating foretaste of some of the most important dimensions of Nietzsche’s “transvaluation of all values,” viewed here from the more contemplatively playful, “philosophic,” perspective that Nietzsche assumed as he took a kind of holiday from the “serious” grandiosity of his Antichrist and Ecce Homo. <br />An online seminar discussion of this piece is available at: <br /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hDHzceI4LY" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hDHzceI4LY</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b27b38ff3f121cc2b080181bc51e9f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":72031321,"asset_id":56845647,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72031321/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="56845647"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56845647"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56845647; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56845647]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56845647]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56845647; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='56845647']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56845647, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4b27b38ff3f121cc2b080181bc51e9f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=56845647]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":56845647,"title":"The Unfolding Plan of “Maxims and Arrows” in Nietzsche’s Twilight of the Idols","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The first section of the last work whose publication Nietzsche himself supervised is often referenced, and a few of its individual items quoted and interpreted; but its overall intended plan, and thus its unfolding teaching, have not received adequate exegesis. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39232391"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39232391/The_Socratic_Founding_of_Economic_Science"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Socratic Founding of Economic Science" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59363556/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39232391/The_Socratic_Founding_of_Economic_Science">The Socratic Founding of Economic Science</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Interpretation</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Socrates’s founding of economic science has been largely unnoted, and the crucial texts (of Xenop...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Socrates’s founding of economic science has been largely unnoted, and the crucial<br />texts (of Xenophon) have not been studied with the needed interpretative care and skill—even<br />though the Socratic conception of what it means to conduct a proper science of economics<br />confronts our contemporary conceptions of economic science with grave theoretical challenges.<br />Here is presented an exegesis of the short text in which the challenges come vividly<br />to sight. I aim to introduce both the substantive Socratic teaching of Xenophon and—by<br />example—the proper methodology for interpreting his texts in order to elucidate the teaching<br />intended by their author.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="129d2e1c43d61d87d7d7ed715c61b3f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":59363556,"asset_id":39232391,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59363556/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39232391"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39232391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39232391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39232391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39232391]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39232391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39232391']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39232391, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "129d2e1c43d61d87d7d7ed715c61b3f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39232391]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39232391,"title":"The Socratic Founding of Economic Science","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Socrates’s founding of economic science has been largely unnoted, and the crucial\ntexts (of Xenophon) have not been studied with the needed interpretative care and skill—even\nthough the Socratic conception of what it means to conduct a proper science of economics\nconfronts our contemporary conceptions of economic science with grave theoretical challenges.\nHere is presented an exegesis of the short text in which the challenges come vividly\nto sight. 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Ed. Arthur Melzer, Jerry Weinberge...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From The Public Intellectual: Between Philosophy and Politics. Ed. Arthur Melzer, Jerry Weinberger, and Richard Zinman. 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Zoltan Barany and Robert G. Moser (Cambridge U. Press, 2009)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0134429fc80087a88773151dd03bf25a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39843720,"asset_id":18041404,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39843720/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18041404"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18041404"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18041404; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18041404]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18041404]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18041404; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18041404']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18041404, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0134429fc80087a88773151dd03bf25a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18041404]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18041404,"title":"The Morality of Exporting Democracy: A Historical-Philosophical Perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"From IS DEMOCRACY EXPORTABLE?, Ed. 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Pangle brings back a lost and crucial dimension of political...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this book noted scholar Thomas L. Pangle brings back a lost and crucial dimension of political theory: the mutually illuminating encounter between skeptically rationalist political philosophy and faith-based political theology guided ultimately by the authority of the Bible. Focusing on the chapters of Genesis in which the foundation of the Bible is laid, Pangle provides an interpretive reading illuminated by the questions and concerns of the Socratic tradition and its medieval heirs in the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic worlds. He brings into contrast the rival interpretive framework set by the biblical criticism of the modern rationalists Hobbes and Spinoza, along with their heirs from Locke to Hegel. The full meaning of these diverse philosophic responses to the Bible is clarified through a dialogue with hermeneutic discussions by leading political theologians in the Judaic, Muslim, and Christian traditions, from Josephus and Augustine to our day. Profound and subtle in its argument, this book will be of interest not only to students and scholars of politics, philosophy, and religion but also to thoughtful readers in every walk of life who seek to deepen their understanding of the perplexing relationship between religious faith and philosophic reason.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Political-Philosophy-Abraham-Thomas-Pangle-ebook/dp/B001QXDXH2/ref=sr_1_1?crid=A7Q923UWZ0IN&keywords=political+philosophy+and+the+god+of+abraham&qid=1685055168&sprefix=Political+Philosophy+and+the+God+of+Abraham%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-1" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Political-Philosophy-Abraham-Thomas-Pangle-ebook/dp/B001QXDXH2/ref=sr_1_1?crid=A7Q923UWZ0IN&keywords=political+philosophy+and+the+god+of+abraham&qid=1685055168&sprefix=Political+Philosophy+and+the+God+of+Abraham%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-1</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46a9ea36073e6e00eaa54714dbc81aea" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102654792,"asset_id":102364538,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102654792/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102364538"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102364538"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102364538; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102364538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102364538]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102364538; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102364538']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102364538, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46a9ea36073e6e00eaa54714dbc81aea" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102364538]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102364538,"title":"Political Philosophy and the God of Abraham","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this book noted scholar Thomas L. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102362225"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102362225/The_Great_Debate"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Great Debate" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102653000/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102362225/The_Great_Debate">The Great Debate</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Great Debate: Advocates and Opponents of the American Constitution</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in and interpretation of the U.S. Constitution....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in and interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. Its authority and stature are routinely invoked by voices from every point on the political spectrum, with frequent references to the Founding Fathers and their true "intent." What really was their true intent?<br /><br />As these 12 surprising lectures show, many of those Founding Fathers - including Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry - were highly critical of the new Constitution and staunchly opposed it when it was first put forth for ratification by the states as a replacement for the Articles of Confederation.<br /><br />The debate over the Constitution raged for the better part of two years, and beneath its rhetorical flourishes lay not only the longest and most profound civic argument in our nation's history, but also a civics lesson that deserves to endure for all time. It was an argument that would result not only in the ratification of the Constitution, but also in what that Constitution would become.<br /><br />Professor Pangle takes you into this debate. You'll see which Founders opposed the new Constitution, which Founders led the battle for it, and how both sides helped define the result. In an era when contemporary arguments on the national stage so often mirror the same conflicts debated by the Founders, our own reenactment of that original debate can enrich our ability to be active and participating citizens.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Great-Debate-Advocates-Opponents-Constitution/dp/B00DTNY0G0/ref=sr_1_2?crid=2AJG78DVYT3L4&keywords=Pangle+the+great+debate&qid=1685049673&s=books&sprefix=pangle+the+great+debate%2Cstripbooks%2C105&sr=1-2" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Great-Debate-Advocates-Opponents-Constitution/dp/B00DTNY0G0/ref=sr_1_2?crid=2AJG78DVYT3L4&keywords=Pangle+the+great+debate&qid=1685049673&s=books&sprefix=pangle+the+great+debate%2Cstripbooks%2C105&sr=1-2</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7cab7afcb2a687ef48669f2fd17bd6e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102653000,"asset_id":102362225,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102653000/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102362225"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102362225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102362225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102362225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102362225]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102362225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102362225']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102362225, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a7cab7afcb2a687ef48669f2fd17bd6e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102362225]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102362225,"title":"The Great Debate","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"\n\nRecent years have seen an explosion of interest in and interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361927/The_Spirit_of_Modern_Republicanism">The Spirit of Modern Republicanism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke</span><span>, 1990</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Discusses the moral and political philosophy of John Locke, describes his influence on America's ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Discusses the moral and political philosophy of John Locke, describes his influence on America's founding fathers, and examines their new vision of civic virtue and intellectual life.<br /><br /><a 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361801/Leo_Strauss_An_Introduction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leo Strauss: An Introduction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652742/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361801/Leo_Strauss_An_Introduction">Leo Strauss: An Introduction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Leo Strauss: An Introduction to His Thought and Intellectual Legacy</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Leo Strauss's controversial writings have long exercised a profound subterranean cultural influen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Leo Strauss's controversial writings have long exercised a profound subterranean cultural influence. Now their impact is emerging into broad daylight, where they have been met with a flurry of poorly informed, often wildly speculative, and sometimes rather paranoid pronouncements. <br />This book, written as a corrective, is the first accurate, non-polemical, comprehensive guide to Strauss's mature political philosophy and its intellectual influence. Thomas L. Pangle opens a pathway into Strauss's major works with one question: How does Strauss's philosophic thinking contribute to our democracy's civic renewal and to our culture's deepening, critical self-understanding? <br />This book includes a synoptic critical survey of writings from scholars who have extended Strauss's influence into the more practical, sub-philosophic fields of social and political science and commentary. Pangle shows how these analysts have in effect imported Straussian impulses into a "new" kind of political and social science. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Leo-Strauss-Introduction-Intellectual-Constitutional/dp/0801884403/ref=sr_1_12?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-12" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Leo-Strauss-Introduction-Intellectual-Constitutional/dp/0801884403/ref=sr_1_12?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-12</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="128c21a5c38f0106692ff81db8e34d5f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102652742,"asset_id":102361801,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652742/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102361801"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102361801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361801]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361801; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102361801']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102361801, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "128c21a5c38f0106692ff81db8e34d5f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102361801]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102361801,"title":"Leo Strauss: An Introduction","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Leo Strauss's controversial writings have long exercised a profound subterranean cultural influence. 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Pangle shows how these analysts have in effect imported Straussian impulses into a \"new\" kind of political and social science.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Leo-Strauss-Introduction-Intellectual-Constitutional/dp/0801884403/ref=sr_1_12?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1\u0026keywords=Thomas+Pangle\u0026qid=1685033260\u0026sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113\u0026sr=8-12\r\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Leo Strauss: An Introduction to His Thought and Intellectual Legacy"},"translated_abstract":"Leo Strauss's controversial writings have long exercised a profound subterranean cultural influence. Now their impact is emerging into broad daylight, where they have been met with a flurry of poorly informed, often wildly speculative, and sometimes rather paranoid pronouncements.\r\nThis book, written as a corrective, is the first accurate, non-polemical, comprehensive guide to Strauss's mature political philosophy and its intellectual influence. Thomas L. Pangle opens a pathway into Strauss's major works with one question: How does Strauss's philosophic thinking contribute to our democracy's civic renewal and to our culture's deepening, critical self-understanding?\r\nThis book includes a synoptic critical survey of writings from scholars who have extended Strauss's influence into the more practical, sub-philosophic fields of social and political science and commentary. Pangle shows how these analysts have in effect imported Straussian impulses into a \"new\" kind of political and social science.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Leo-Strauss-Introduction-Intellectual-Constitutional/dp/0801884403/ref=sr_1_12?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1\u0026keywords=Thomas+Pangle\u0026qid=1685033260\u0026sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113\u0026sr=8-12\r\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102361801/Leo_Strauss_An_Introduction","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-25T13:57:23.506-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102652742,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652742/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Strauss.png.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652742/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Leo_Strauss_An_Introduction.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102652742/Strauss.png-libre.pdf?1685049344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeo_Strauss_An_Introduction.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076060\u0026Signature=Low8F7fVuJEKdeuPtREwakAdTS-Vjz4pGO4yj0qauNAzH273WwjgIEvvLqYFsutDJbwI5LHxz9~1cOUOhu96gtZRQ2MGWZRkLHVhRtf7UcYrqTaIYoOB2kQuP9eG9Is7bLvAbjVglRGVmHJxlqZ4QWL3PtU5Hrjkepybgj~ZnuxEaIZMvYL7YLjPGTSBfwRxyvnATxBaidQdq3J0guEiGiG64uJ3-cgmuiAwnltCa2KoUhlZyWwR5DNLDIfnZY1kzlaMaT1CUPL3Dc60SEpSd91-7~tqW9L-w3zJAxVDgk8MSL-cQjIRxhgnVdeKlo1aT4CTfIy4AzYTgSNyFDubGQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Leo_Strauss_An_Introduction","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":102652742,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652742/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Strauss.png.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652742/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Leo_Strauss_An_Introduction.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102652742/Strauss.png-libre.pdf?1685049344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeo_Strauss_An_Introduction.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076060\u0026Signature=Low8F7fVuJEKdeuPtREwakAdTS-Vjz4pGO4yj0qauNAzH273WwjgIEvvLqYFsutDJbwI5LHxz9~1cOUOhu96gtZRQ2MGWZRkLHVhRtf7UcYrqTaIYoOB2kQuP9eG9Is7bLvAbjVglRGVmHJxlqZ4QWL3PtU5Hrjkepybgj~ZnuxEaIZMvYL7YLjPGTSBfwRxyvnATxBaidQdq3J0guEiGiG64uJ3-cgmuiAwnltCa2KoUhlZyWwR5DNLDIfnZY1kzlaMaT1CUPL3Dc60SEpSd91-7~tqW9L-w3zJAxVDgk8MSL-cQjIRxhgnVdeKlo1aT4CTfIy4AzYTgSNyFDubGQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27262,"name":"Leo Strauss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leo_Strauss"},{"id":964558,"name":"20th Century Political Philosophy (Leo Strauss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_Political_Philosophy_Leo_Strauss"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102361668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361668/Montesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652653/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361668/Montesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism">Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism: A Commentary on the Spirit of the Laws</span><span>, 1973</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This first comprehensive commentary on The Spirit of the Laws uncovers and explicates the plan of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This first comprehensive commentary on The Spirit of the Laws uncovers and explicates the plan of Montesquieu's famous but baffling treatise. Pangle brings to light Montesquieu's rethinking of the philosophical groundwork of liberalism, showing how The Spirit of the Laws enlarges and enriches the liberal conception of natural right by means of a new appeal to History as the source of basic norms. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Montesquieus-Philosophy-Liberalism-Commentary-Spirit/dp/0226645452/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1685037463&sr=1-15" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Montesquieus-Philosophy-Liberalism-Commentary-Spirit/dp/0226645452/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1685037463&sr=1-15</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b8afb669ed1328134a2bfbfd64090d95" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102652653,"asset_id":102361668,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652653/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102361668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102361668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361668]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361668; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102361668']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102361668, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b8afb669ed1328134a2bfbfd64090d95" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102361668]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102361668,"title":"Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This first comprehensive commentary on The Spirit of the Laws uncovers and explicates the plan of Montesquieu's famous but baffling treatise. Pangle brings to light Montesquieu's rethinking of the philosophical groundwork of liberalism, showing how The Spirit of the Laws enlarges and enriches the liberal conception of natural right by means of a new appeal to History as the source of basic norms.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Montesquieus-Philosophy-Liberalism-Commentary-Spirit/dp/0226645452/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8\u0026qid=1685037463\u0026sr=1-15","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1973,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism: A Commentary on the Spirit of the Laws"},"translated_abstract":"This first comprehensive commentary on The Spirit of the Laws uncovers and explicates the plan of Montesquieu's famous but baffling treatise. Pangle brings to light Montesquieu's rethinking of the philosophical groundwork of liberalism, showing how The Spirit of the Laws enlarges and enriches the liberal conception of natural right by means of a new appeal to History as the source of basic norms.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Montesquieus-Philosophy-Liberalism-Commentary-Spirit/dp/0226645452/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8\u0026qid=1685037463\u0026sr=1-15","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102361668/Montesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-25T13:51:49.783-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102652653,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652653/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Montesq_Lib.png.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652653/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Montesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102652653/Montesq_Lib.png-libre.pdf?1685049366=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMontesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism.pdf\u0026Expires=1733021915\u0026Signature=N7JM~AJ5Jh45hR63RU9V5cg4MNhv6nd5paGen5WAGpQH8OCei3cpp~~6tzm3e2nAGBXu02FuNupDqawalaDtWGX5WAjq5JTXpUolPpor0UpxHz3fUxWxTrTpauzdpM~tspSgvid3-~l-3pNg3jqMCEJfbzWSzhvLchRmfLHFeePJsiGGlJhaZ0Z2EOI94qxMEy9tTyXfRQINyQXE883SS0K3273YDVJcPDEv8s3L2gFsPay2uRQvSmIOTK3QS-r1dTzWk5pRLjENIgb7jMd5KLKkQBTtG1U7S~2q~jMLYUPEWde~J3Az586dBSCx~MWTnLJg-~qq3~5QV1xNeZiS9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Montesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":102652653,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652653/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Montesq_Lib.png.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652653/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Montesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102652653/Montesq_Lib.png-libre.pdf?1685049366=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMontesquieus_Philosophy_of_Liberalism.pdf\u0026Expires=1733021915\u0026Signature=N7JM~AJ5Jh45hR63RU9V5cg4MNhv6nd5paGen5WAGpQH8OCei3cpp~~6tzm3e2nAGBXu02FuNupDqawalaDtWGX5WAjq5JTXpUolPpor0UpxHz3fUxWxTrTpauzdpM~tspSgvid3-~l-3pNg3jqMCEJfbzWSzhvLchRmfLHFeePJsiGGlJhaZ0Z2EOI94qxMEy9tTyXfRQINyQXE883SS0K3273YDVJcPDEv8s3L2gFsPay2uRQvSmIOTK3QS-r1dTzWk5pRLjENIgb7jMd5KLKkQBTtG1U7S~2q~jMLYUPEWde~J3Az586dBSCx~MWTnLJg-~qq3~5QV1xNeZiS9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy"},{"id":1629,"name":"French Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Studies"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism"},{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment"},{"id":9465,"name":"Philosophy of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_History"},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment"},{"id":15994,"name":"French Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Political_Philosophy"},{"id":26950,"name":"Enlightenment Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment_Political_Thought"},{"id":27396,"name":"European Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Enlightenment"},{"id":38098,"name":"Montesquieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montesquieu"},{"id":48063,"name":"Philosophy of the Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_the_Enlightenment"},{"id":86723,"name":"French Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Enlightenment"},{"id":101303,"name":"Political Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Liberalism"},{"id":146616,"name":"Liberalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalismo"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102361514"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361514/Birds_Peace_Wealth_Aristophanes_Critique_of_the_Gods"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Birds, Peace, Wealth: Aristophanes' Critique of the Gods" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652503/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361514/Birds_Peace_Wealth_Aristophanes_Critique_of_the_Gods">Birds, Peace, Wealth: Aristophanes' Critique of the Gods</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Birds, Peace, Wealth: Aristophanes' Critique of the Gods</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In these three raucous comedies, mortals outwit and even replace Zeus and other Olympian deities ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In these three raucous comedies, mortals outwit and even replace Zeus and other Olympian deities of the Greek Pantheon. As Aristophanes provokes laughter at the foibles of gods and men, he arouses wonder at our human need for the divine. <br />“The three comic heroes in the plays included here raise the questions of whether there are gods, who they might be, how powerful they are, and how they might be changed or eliminated. Although the precise form of such questions changes from age to age, these are questions that are inseparable from political life; and they certainly are powerfully present in our own day…great theorists and architects of the modern liberal state designed its contours partly with an eye on the goal of diminishing the role of religion in the public square. Not unlike our three comic heroes, they wanted to reduce dependence on “Zeus” and his priests. In his place, and like our three heroes, they sought peace, wealth, and human rulers liberated from exaggerated piety. And nowadays the so-called New Atheists are pressing the case that it is high time for a final defeat and elimination of the powers of darkness that, in their view, have cost us so much blood and treasure…Aristophanes was not a modern liberal; still less would he agree with the New Atheists’ advocacy of universal public atheism. He does, however, put dissatisfaction with the gods at the center of the three plays included here, does bestow victories on the human critics of those gods, and does invite us to think with him about the justice of their causes, the tactics behind their victories, and the limits of their successes.”—From the Introduction <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Birds-Peace-Wealth-Aristophanes-Critique/dp/1589880781/ref=sr_1_8?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-8" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Birds-Peace-Wealth-Aristophanes-Critique/dp/1589880781/ref=sr_1_8?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-8</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9e970b7d2aae3ca2a74fdad28273a29" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102652503,"asset_id":102361514,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652503/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102361514"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102361514"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361514; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361514]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361514]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361514; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102361514']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102361514, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c9e970b7d2aae3ca2a74fdad28273a29" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102361514]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102361514,"title":"Birds, Peace, Wealth: Aristophanes' Critique of the Gods","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In these three raucous comedies, mortals outwit and even replace Zeus and other Olympian deities of the Greek Pantheon. As Aristophanes provokes laughter at the foibles of gods and men, he arouses wonder at our human need for the divine.\r\n“The three comic heroes in the plays included here raise the questions of whether there are gods, who they might be, how powerful they are, and how they might be changed or eliminated. Although the precise form of such questions changes from age to age, these are questions that are inseparable from political life; and they certainly are powerfully present in our own day…great theorists and architects of the modern liberal state designed its contours partly with an eye on the goal of diminishing the role of religion in the public square. Not unlike our three comic heroes, they wanted to reduce dependence on “Zeus” and his priests. In his place, and like our three heroes, they sought peace, wealth, and human rulers liberated from exaggerated piety. And nowadays the so-called New Atheists are pressing the case that it is high time for a final defeat and elimination of the powers of darkness that, in their view, have cost us so much blood and treasure…Aristophanes was not a modern liberal; still less would he agree with the New Atheists’ advocacy of universal public atheism. He does, however, put dissatisfaction with the gods at the center of the three plays included here, does bestow victories on the human critics of those gods, and does invite us to think with him about the justice of their causes, the tactics behind their victories, and the limits of their successes.”—From the Introduction\r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Birds-Peace-Wealth-Aristophanes-Critique/dp/1589880781/ref=sr_1_8?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1\u0026keywords=Thomas+Pangle\u0026qid=1685033260\u0026sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113\u0026sr=8-8\r\n","ai_title_tag":"Aristophanes' Comedies: Human Challenges to Divine Power","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Birds, Peace, Wealth: Aristophanes' Critique of the Gods"},"translated_abstract":"In these three raucous comedies, mortals outwit and even replace Zeus and other Olympian deities of the Greek Pantheon. As Aristophanes provokes laughter at the foibles of gods and men, he arouses wonder at our human need for the divine.\r\n“The three comic heroes in the plays included here raise the questions of whether there are gods, who they might be, how powerful they are, and how they might be changed or eliminated. Although the precise form of such questions changes from age to age, these are questions that are inseparable from political life; and they certainly are powerfully present in our own day…great theorists and architects of the modern liberal state designed its contours partly with an eye on the goal of diminishing the role of religion in the public square. Not unlike our three comic heroes, they wanted to reduce dependence on “Zeus” and his priests. In his place, and like our three heroes, they sought peace, wealth, and human rulers liberated from exaggerated piety. And nowadays the so-called New Atheists are pressing the case that it is high time for a final defeat and elimination of the powers of darkness that, in their view, have cost us so much blood and treasure…Aristophanes was not a modern liberal; still less would he agree with the New Atheists’ advocacy of universal public atheism. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102361273"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361273/The_Learning_of_Liberty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Learning of Liberty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652306/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102361273/The_Learning_of_Liberty">The Learning of Liberty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Learning of Liberty: The Educational Ideas of the American Founders</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">American schools are in a state of crisis. At the root of our current perplexity, beneath the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">American schools are in a state of crisis. <br /> <br />At the root of our current perplexity, beneath the difficulties with funding, social problems, and low test scores, festers a serious uncertainty as to what the focus and goals of education should be. We are increasingly haunted by the suspicion that our educational theories and institutions have lost sight of the need to perpetuate a core of moral and civic knowledge that is essential for any citizen's education, and indeed for any individual's happiness. Mining the Founders' rich reflections on education, the Pangles suggest, can help us recover a clearer sense of perspective and purpose. <br /> <br />With a commanding knowledge of the history of political philosophy, the authors illustrate how the Founders both drew upon and transformed the ideas of earlier philosophers of education such as Plato, Xenophon, Milton, Bacon, and Locke. They trace the emergence of a new American ideal of public education that puts civic instruction at its core to sustain a high quality of leadership and public discourse while producing resourceful, self-reliant members of a uniquely fluid society. <br /> <br />The Pangles also explore the wisdom and the weaknesses inherent in Jefferson's attempt to create a comprehensive system of schooling that would educate parents and children and offer unprecedented freedom of choice to university students. An original closing section examines the Founders' ideas for bringing all aspects of society to bear on education. It also shows how Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin presented their own lives as models for the education of others and analyzes the subtle, provocative moral philosophy implicit in the self-depiction of each. <br /> <br />The Learning of Liberty is historical and scholarly yet relentlessly practical, seeking from the Founders useful insights into the human soul and the character of good education. Even if the Founders do not provide us with ready-made solutions to many of our problems, the Pangles suggest, a study of their writings can give us a more realistic perspective, by teaching that our bewilderment is in some measure an outgrowth of unresolved tensions embedded in the Founders' own conceptions of republicanism, religion, education, and human nature. <br /> <br />"A marvelous work, full of learning and wisdom, certain to interest and enlighten its readers. The authors raise the current discussion of the problems facing American education to a level that towers above the usual topics. They ask what is education for and make a powerful case that in a democratic republic it must focus on civic and moral questions. Their sympathetic and critical account of the ideas and lives of such men as Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin is fascinating in itself and a superb way to illuminate the issues. "—Donald Kagan, author of The Fall of the Athenian Empire and coauthor of The Western Heritage. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Liberty-Educational-American-Founders/dp/0700607463/ref=sr_1_16?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-16" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Liberty-Educational-American-Founders/dp/0700607463/ref=sr_1_16?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-16</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c5e23ee52838da526a84ca2ef559e1d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102652306,"asset_id":102361273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652306/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102361273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102361273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102361273]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102361273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102361273']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102361273, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8c5e23ee52838da526a84ca2ef559e1d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102361273]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102361273,"title":"The Learning of Liberty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"American schools are in a state of crisis.\r\n\r\nAt the root of our current perplexity, beneath the difficulties with funding, social problems, and low test scores, festers a serious uncertainty as to what the focus and goals of education should be. We are increasingly haunted by the suspicion that our educational theories and institutions have lost sight of the need to perpetuate a core of moral and civic knowledge that is essential for any citizen's education, and indeed for any individual's happiness. Mining the Founders' rich reflections on education, the Pangles suggest, can help us recover a clearer sense of perspective and purpose.\r\n\r\nWith a commanding knowledge of the history of political philosophy, the authors illustrate how the Founders both drew upon and transformed the ideas of earlier philosophers of education such as Plato, Xenophon, Milton, Bacon, and Locke. They trace the emergence of a new American ideal of public education that puts civic instruction at its core to sustain a high quality of leadership and public discourse while producing resourceful, self-reliant members of a uniquely fluid society. \r\n\r\nThe Pangles also explore the wisdom and the weaknesses inherent in Jefferson's attempt to create a comprehensive system of schooling that would educate parents and children and offer unprecedented freedom of choice to university students. An original closing section examines the Founders' ideas for bringing all aspects of society to bear on education. It also shows how Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin presented their own lives as models for the education of others and analyzes the subtle, provocative moral philosophy implicit in the self-depiction of each.\r\n\r\nThe Learning of Liberty is historical and scholarly yet relentlessly practical, seeking from the Founders useful insights into the human soul and the character of good education. Even if the Founders do not provide us with ready-made solutions to many of our problems, the Pangles suggest, a study of their writings can give us a more realistic perspective, by teaching that our bewilderment is in some measure an outgrowth of unresolved tensions embedded in the Founders' own conceptions of republicanism, religion, education, and human nature.\r\n\r\n\"A marvelous work, full of learning and wisdom, certain to interest and enlighten its readers. The authors raise the current discussion of the problems facing American education to a level that towers above the usual topics. They ask what is education for and make a powerful case that in a democratic republic it must focus on civic and moral questions. Their sympathetic and critical account of the ideas and lives of such men as Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin is fascinating in itself and a superb way to illuminate the issues. \"—Donald Kagan, author of The Fall of the Athenian Empire and coauthor of The Western Heritage. \r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Learning-Liberty-Educational-American-Founders/dp/0700607463/ref=sr_1_16?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1\u0026keywords=Thomas+Pangle\u0026qid=1685033260\u0026sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113\u0026sr=8-16\r\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Learning of Liberty: The Educational Ideas of the American Founders"},"translated_abstract":"American schools are in a state of crisis.\r\n\r\nAt the root of our current perplexity, beneath the difficulties with funding, social problems, and low test scores, festers a serious uncertainty as to what the focus and goals of education should be. We are increasingly haunted by the suspicion that our educational theories and institutions have lost sight of the need to perpetuate a core of moral and civic knowledge that is essential for any citizen's education, and indeed for any individual's happiness. Mining the Founders' rich reflections on education, the Pangles suggest, can help us recover a clearer sense of perspective and purpose.\r\n\r\nWith a commanding knowledge of the history of political philosophy, the authors illustrate how the Founders both drew upon and transformed the ideas of earlier philosophers of education such as Plato, Xenophon, Milton, Bacon, and Locke. They trace the emergence of a new American ideal of public education that puts civic instruction at its core to sustain a high quality of leadership and public discourse while producing resourceful, self-reliant members of a uniquely fluid society. \r\n\r\nThe Pangles also explore the wisdom and the weaknesses inherent in Jefferson's attempt to create a comprehensive system of schooling that would educate parents and children and offer unprecedented freedom of choice to university students. An original closing section examines the Founders' ideas for bringing all aspects of society to bear on education. It also shows how Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin presented their own lives as models for the education of others and analyzes the subtle, provocative moral philosophy implicit in the self-depiction of each.\r\n\r\nThe Learning of Liberty is historical and scholarly yet relentlessly practical, seeking from the Founders useful insights into the human soul and the character of good education. Even if the Founders do not provide us with ready-made solutions to many of our problems, the Pangles suggest, a study of their writings can give us a more realistic perspective, by teaching that our bewilderment is in some measure an outgrowth of unresolved tensions embedded in the Founders' own conceptions of republicanism, religion, education, and human nature.\r\n\r\n\"A marvelous work, full of learning and wisdom, certain to interest and enlighten its readers. The authors raise the current discussion of the problems facing American education to a level that towers above the usual topics. They ask what is education for and make a powerful case that in a democratic republic it must focus on civic and moral questions. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102360855"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360855/Key_Texts_of_Political_Philosophy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Key Texts of Political Philosophy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102652053/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360855/Key_Texts_of_Political_Philosophy">Key Texts of Political Philosophy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle">Thomas L Pangle</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://baylor.academia.edu/TImothyBurns">TImothy Burns</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Key Texts of Political Philosophy: An Introduction</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book introduces readers to analytical interpretation of seminal writings and thinkers in the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book introduces readers to analytical interpretation of seminal writings and thinkers in the history of political thought, including Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Bible, Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli, Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville, Marx, and Nietzsche. Chronologically arranged, each chapter in the book is devoted to the work of a single thinker. The selected texts together engage with 2000 years of debate on fundamental questions, which include: What is the purpose of political life? What is the good life, for us as individuals, and for us as a political community? What is justice? What is a right? Do human beings have rights? What kinds of human virtues are there and which regimes best promote them? The difficulty of accessing the texts included in this volume is the result not only of their subtlety but also of the dramatic change in everyday life. The authors shed light on the texts' vocabulary and complexities of thought and help students understand and weigh the various interpretations of each philosopher's thought. • Accessible interpretive essays on the greatest texts in the history of political thought, from Plato to Nietzsche. • Includes key passage plus a succinct discussion that glosses the text, examines later-day interpretations, and guides students in forming their own interpretations. • Allows students to learn from, rather than only about, each thinker, and to apply their thought to the present day. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Key-Texts-Political-Philosophy-Introduction/dp/0521185009/ref=sr_1_2?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033156&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-2" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Key-Texts-Political-Philosophy-Introduction/dp/0521185009/ref=sr_1_2?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033156&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-2</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e31d88d1f20ab6802a6645202ce6e92" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102652053,"asset_id":102360855,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102652053/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102360855"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102360855"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360855; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360855]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360855]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360855; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102360855']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102360855, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e31d88d1f20ab6802a6645202ce6e92" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102360855]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102360855,"title":"Key Texts of Political Philosophy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This book introduces readers to analytical interpretation of seminal writings and thinkers in the history of political thought, including Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Bible, Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli, Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville, Marx, and Nietzsche. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/102360632/La_Renaissance_du_rationalisme_politique_classique">La Renaissance du rationalisme politique classique</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>La Renaissance du rationalisme politique classique</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bridge to his more complex theoretical work. Editor Pangle has gathered five of Strauss's previously unpublished lectures and five hard-to-find published writings and has arranged them so as to demonstrate the systematic progression of the major themes that underlay Strauss's mature work. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/renaissance-rationalisme-politique-classique-Conf%C3%A9rences/dp/2070730778/ref=sr_1_39?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-39&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/renaissance-rationalisme-politique-classique-Conf%C3%A9rences/dp/2070730778/ref=sr_1_39?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-39&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="96fe395a19c5486231d3a49a4979376f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102651871,"asset_id":102360632,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651871/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102360632"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102360632"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360632; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360632]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360632]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360632; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102360632']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102360632, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "96fe395a19c5486231d3a49a4979376f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102360632]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102360632,"title":"La Renaissance du rationalisme politique classique","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bridge to his more complex theoretical work. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102360453"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360453/The_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Modernity_in_Montesquieu"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102651732/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360453/The_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Modernity_in_Montesquieu">The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu's SPIRIT OF THE LAWS</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Spirit of the Laws—Montesquieu’s huge, complex, and enormously influential work—is considered...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Spirit of the Laws—Montesquieu’s huge, complex, and enormously influential work—is considered one of the central texts of the Enlightenment, laying the foundation for the liberally democratic political regimes that were to embody its values. In his penetrating analysis, Thomas L. Pangle brilliantly argues that the inherently theological project of Enlightenment liberalism is made more clearly—and more consequentially— in Spirit than in any other work. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Theological-Liberal-Modernity-Montesquieus-Spirit/dp/0226645495/ref=sr_1_14?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-14" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Theological-Liberal-Modernity-Montesquieus-Spirit/dp/0226645495/ref=sr_1_14?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-14</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a57cc02019929aec72201fa9377f5b83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102651732,"asset_id":102360453,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651732/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102360453"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102360453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360453; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360453]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360453; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102360453']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102360453, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a57cc02019929aec72201fa9377f5b83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102360453]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102360453,"title":"The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Spirit of the Laws—Montesquieu’s huge, complex, and enormously influential work—is considered one of the central texts of the Enlightenment, laying the foundation for the liberally democratic political regimes that were to embody its values. 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Pangle brilliantly argues that the inherently theological project of Enlightenment liberalism is made more clearly—and more consequentially— in Spirit than in any other work.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Theological-Liberal-Modernity-Montesquieus-Spirit/dp/0226645495/ref=sr_1_14?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1\u0026keywords=Thomas+Pangle\u0026qid=1685033260\u0026sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113\u0026sr=8-14","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102360453/The_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Modernity_in_Montesquieu","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-25T13:12:01.759-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102651732,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102651732/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Theol_Mont.png.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651732/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Moderni.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102651732/Theol_Mont.png-libre.pdf?1685049520=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Moderni.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076060\u0026Signature=cVGKxCezUTARPVfKiUMq7TI7Zd9xbZMMPzd-TjQpwpC0WAv00S0CQjBGDnBQatHYh7GsHBB~zsUI1zFY0rqPaPuJPh-TH4x7SR6UE4Yflo8Zak17KkhrBGjXzJF-DiV13ZeIdS2-L4RW7DPmLmi9tfRisrkhzZX~RBZAjarbgp7PKgXJhENz7gKbCFMRR4413DrgVH~q06ho~S6rxH7RuUpZQoZ43zeUM4xiOBOle2QEErJ-CN7XJBRoLjFDb7J7LqigVzHQuEjefgk~W-sLH7hW0PwGPREfIZr2CClWrb-DYMZToM6H6ccY25cUZJMCaiL6Qhe7wBzYl6K5yWLh~Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Modernity_in_Montesquieu","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":102651732,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102651732/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Theol_Mont.png.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651732/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Moderni.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102651732/Theol_Mont.png-libre.pdf?1685049520=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Theological_Basis_of_Liberal_Moderni.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076060\u0026Signature=cVGKxCezUTARPVfKiUMq7TI7Zd9xbZMMPzd-TjQpwpC0WAv00S0CQjBGDnBQatHYh7GsHBB~zsUI1zFY0rqPaPuJPh-TH4x7SR6UE4Yflo8Zak17KkhrBGjXzJF-DiV13ZeIdS2-L4RW7DPmLmi9tfRisrkhzZX~RBZAjarbgp7PKgXJhENz7gKbCFMRR4413DrgVH~q06ho~S6rxH7RuUpZQoZ43zeUM4xiOBOle2QEErJ-CN7XJBRoLjFDb7J7LqigVzHQuEjefgk~W-sLH7hW0PwGPREfIZr2CClWrb-DYMZToM6H6ccY25cUZJMCaiL6Qhe7wBzYl6K5yWLh~Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism"},{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment"},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment"},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity"},{"id":14104,"name":"Political Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology"},{"id":26983,"name":"Liberalism and Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism_and_Republicanism"},{"id":27396,"name":"European Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Enlightenment"},{"id":28770,"name":"Modern Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Political_Philosophy"},{"id":38098,"name":"Montesquieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montesquieu"},{"id":86723,"name":"French Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Enlightenment"},{"id":101303,"name":"Political Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Liberalism"},{"id":353272,"name":"Liberalisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalisme"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102360160"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360160/Justice_Among_Nations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Justice Among Nations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102651556/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360160/Justice_Among_Nations">Justice Among Nations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Justice Among Nations: On the Moral Basis of Power and Peace</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the post-Cold War era, we have lost the clarity that once characterized our vision of internat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the post-Cold War era, we have lost the clarity that once characterized our vision of international conflict. Foreign affairs are no longer defined solely by the ideological battles fought between capitalism and communism or by the competition between two great nuclear superpowers. That oversimplified view has been replaced by an increasing awareness of the moral and political complexity surrounding international relations. <br /> <br />To help us deal with this new reality, Thomas Pangle and Peter Ahrensdorf provide a critical introduction to the most important conceptions of international justice, spanning 2,500 years of intellectual history from Thucydides and Plato to Morgenthau and Waltz. Their study shows how older traditions of political philosophy remain relevant to current debates in international relations, and how political thinkers through the centuries can help us deepen our understanding of today's stalemate between realism and idealism. <br /> <br />Pangle and Ahrensdorf guide the reader through a sequence of theoretical frameworks for understanding the moral basis of international relations: the cosmopolitan vision of the classical philosophers, the "just war" teachings of medieval theologians, the revolutionary realism of Machiavelli, the Enlightenment idealism of Kant, and the neo-realism of twentieth-century theorists. They clarify the core of each philosopher's conceptions of international relations, examine the appeal of each position, and bring these alternatives into mutually illuminating juxtaposition. <br /> <br />The authors clearly show that appreciating the fundamental questions pursued by these philosophers can help us avoid dogmatism, abstraction, or oversimplification when considering the moral character of international relations. Justice Among Nations restores the study of the great works of political theory to its natural place within the discipline of international relations as it retrieves the question of international justice as a major theme of political philosophy. It provides our moral compass with new points of orientation and invites serious readers to grapple with some of the most perplexing issues of our time. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Justice-Among-Nations-Moral-Basis/dp/0700612211/ref=sr_1_19?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-19" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Justice-Among-Nations-Moral-Basis/dp/0700612211/ref=sr_1_19?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-19</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9c9b42943eb1d44b79170ff9e52b3a5c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102651556,"asset_id":102360160,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651556/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102360160"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102360160"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360160; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360160]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360160]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360160; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102360160']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102360160, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9c9b42943eb1d44b79170ff9e52b3a5c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102360160]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102360160,"title":"Justice Among Nations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the post-Cold War era, we have lost the clarity that once characterized our vision of international conflict. Foreign affairs are no longer defined solely by the ideological battles fought between capitalism and communism or by the competition between two great nuclear superpowers. That oversimplified view has been replaced by an increasing awareness of the moral and political complexity surrounding international relations.\r\n\r\nTo help us deal with this new reality, Thomas Pangle and Peter Ahrensdorf provide a critical introduction to the most important conceptions of international justice, spanning 2,500 years of intellectual history from Thucydides and Plato to Morgenthau and Waltz. Their study shows how older traditions of political philosophy remain relevant to current debates in international relations, and how political thinkers through the centuries can help us deepen our understanding of today's stalemate between realism and idealism.\r\n\r\nPangle and Ahrensdorf guide the reader through a sequence of theoretical frameworks for understanding the moral basis of international relations: the cosmopolitan vision of the classical philosophers, the \"just war\" teachings of medieval theologians, the revolutionary realism of Machiavelli, the Enlightenment idealism of Kant, and the neo-realism of twentieth-century theorists. 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Democracy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Ennobling of Democracy</span><span>, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">With the end of the Cold War, says Thomas L. Pangle, liberal democracy was deprived of its tradit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">With the end of the Cold War, says Thomas L. Pangle, liberal democracy was deprived of its traditional enemy, and forced to re-examine its internal structure and fundamental aims. One result has been the moral-relativist "postmodernism" of mainstream Western intellectuals. <br />Focusing on Lyotard, Vattimo, and Rorty, The Ennobling of Democracy offers a searching critique of postmodernism and its implications for political life and thought. Pangle carefully examines the political dimensions of postmodernist teachings, including the rejection of the natural-rights doctrines of the Enlightenment, the discounting of public purposefulness, and the disenchantment with claims of civic virtue and reason. He argues that a serious challenge has been posed to postmodernism by the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe, which have directly experienced heroic political leadership, maintained a prominent place for religion, and preserved a belief in the virtues and duties of citizenship. They consequently make demands on Western thought that postmodernism has been unable to meet. <br />Drawing on the classical republican ideal, Pangle opens the door to a bold new synthesis in political philosophy. He argues that by reappropriating classical civic rationalism--and especially classical philosophy of education--a framework may be established to integrate the most significant findings of modern rationalism into a conception of humanity that encompasses, in an unprecedented way, the entire scope of the human condition. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Ennobling-Democracy-Challenge-Postmodern-Constitutional/dp/080184262X/ref=sr_1_17?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-17" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Ennobling-Democracy-Challenge-Postmodern-Constitutional/dp/080184262X/ref=sr_1_17?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-17</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3e21ac83e4a44d4a32097de90b7620a8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102651425,"asset_id":102360003,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651425/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102360003"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102360003"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360003; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360003]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102360003]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102360003; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102360003']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102360003, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3e21ac83e4a44d4a32097de90b7620a8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102360003]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102360003,"title":"The Ennobling of Democracy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"With the end of the Cold War, says Thomas L. 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Pangle, liberal democracy was deprived of its traditional enemy, and forced to re-examine its internal structure and fundamental aims. One result has been the moral-relativist \"postmodernism\" of mainstream Western intellectuals. \r\nFocusing on Lyotard, Vattimo, and Rorty, The Ennobling of Democracy offers a searching critique of postmodernism and its implications for political life and thought. Pangle carefully examines the political dimensions of postmodernist teachings, including the rejection of the natural-rights doctrines of the Enlightenment, the discounting of public purposefulness, and the disenchantment with claims of civic virtue and reason. He argues that a serious challenge has been posed to postmodernism by the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe, which have directly experienced heroic political leadership, maintained a prominent place for religion, and preserved a belief in the virtues and duties of citizenship. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102359703"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102359703/Recovering_Reason"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Recovering Reason" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102651175/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102359703/Recovering_Reason">Recovering Reason</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Recovering Reason: Essays in Honor of Thomas L. Pangle</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recovering Reason: Essays in Honor of Thomas L. Pangle is a collection of essays composed by stud...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recovering Reason: Essays in Honor of Thomas L. Pangle is a collection of essays composed by students and friends of Thomas L. Pangle to honor his seminal work and outstanding guidance in the study of political philosophy. The contributors write in awareness that a loss of confidence in reason similar to the one we are witnessing today― when the desirability and possibility of guiding our lives by the enduring, normative truths that reason attempts to discover ―had occurred at the time of Socrates, who realized that the existence of genuine limits to what is knowable by reason opened up the possibility that our world, instead of having the kind of intelligible necessities that science seeks to uncover, could be the work of mysterious, creative gods or god―as devoutly religious citizens claimed it to be. His grasp of this great difficulty led him and his students―ancient and medieval―to attempt to ground the life of reason by means of a pre-philosophic, preliminary investigation of political-moral questions. Modern political philosophers later attempted to ground the life of reason in a considerably different, "enlightening" way. These essays examine both of these attempts to answer the question of the right life for human beings, as those attempts are introduced and elaborated in the work of thinkers from Homer and Thucydides to Nietzsche and Charles Taylor. The volume is divided into five parts. The essays in Part I examine the moral-political problems through which Socrates came to ground the philosophic life as those problems first appeared in earlier, pre-Socratic writers. Part II explores those problems in their Platonic and Aristotelian presentations, and in the work of two medieval thinkers. Part III addresses the thought of Leo Strauss, the thinker upon whose work the recovery of both ancient and modern political philosophy in our day has been made possible. Part IV explicates the writings of modern political philosophers and thinkers with a view to uncovering their alternative approach. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Recovering-Reason-Essays-Thomas-Pangle/dp/0739146319/ref=sr_1_24?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-24&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Recovering-Reason-Essays-Thomas-Pangle/dp/0739146319/ref=sr_1_24?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-24&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fc45608217103af3291172643e3ddcc5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102651175,"asset_id":102359703,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102651175/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102359703"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102359703"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102359703; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102359703]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102359703]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102359703; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102359703']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102359703, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fc45608217103af3291172643e3ddcc5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102359703]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102359703,"title":"Recovering Reason","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Recovering Reason: Essays in Honor of Thomas L. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102359298"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102359298/The_Rebirth_of_Classical_Political_Rationalism_An_Introduction_to_the_Thought_of_Leo_Strauss"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism: An Introduction to the Thought of Leo Strauss" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102650896/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102359298/The_Rebirth_of_Classical_Political_Rationalism_An_Introduction_to_the_Thought_of_Leo_Strauss">The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism: An Introduction to the Thought of Leo Strauss</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism: An Introduction to the Thought of Leo Strauss</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bridge to his more complex theoretical work. Editor Pangle has gathered five of Strauss's previously unpublished lectures and five hard-to-find published writings and has arranged them so as to demonstrate the systematic progression of the major themes that underlay Strauss's mature work. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rebirth-Classical-Political-Rationalism-Introduction/dp/0226777154/ref=sr_1_20?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-20" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Rebirth-Classical-Political-Rationalism-Introduction/dp/0226777154/ref=sr_1_20?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-20</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be274b6f01e349a0503a3677e4a35b45" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102650896,"asset_id":102359298,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102650896/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102359298"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102359298"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102359298; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102359298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102359298]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102359298; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102359298']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102359298, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be274b6f01e349a0503a3677e4a35b45" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102359298]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102359298,"title":"The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism: An Introduction to the Thought of Leo Strauss","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bridge to his more complex theoretical work. Editor Pangle has gathered five of Strauss's previously unpublished lectures and five hard-to-find published writings and has arranged them so as to demonstrate the systematic progression of the major themes that underlay Strauss's mature work. \r\n\r\nhttps://www.amazon.com/Rebirth-Classical-Political-Rationalism-Introduction/dp/0226777154/ref=sr_1_20?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1\u0026keywords=Thomas+Pangle\u0026qid=1685033260\u0026sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113\u0026sr=8-20","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1989,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism: An Introduction to the Thought of Leo Strauss"},"translated_abstract":"This concise and accessible introduction to Strauss's thought provides, for wider audience, a bridge to his more complex theoretical work. 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102649308/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102357169/The_Theban_Plays_of_Sophocles">The Theban Plays of Sophocles</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sophocles The Theban Plays: Oedipus the Tyrant, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The timeless Theban tragedies of Sophocles: Oedipus the Tyrant, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The timeless Theban tragedies of Sophocles: Oedipus the Tyrant, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone, have fascinated and moved audiences and readers across the ages with their haunting plots and their unforgettable heroes and heroines. Now, following the best texts faithfully, and translating the key moral, religious, and political terminology of the plays accurately and consistently, Peter J. Ahrensdorf and Thomas L. Pangle allow contemporary readers to study the most literally exact reproductions of precisely what Sophocles wrote, rendered in readily comprehensible English. These translations enable readers to engage the Theban plays of Sophocles in their full, authentic complexity, and to study with precision the plays' profound and enduring human questions. In the preface, notes to the plays, and introductions, Ahrensdorf and Pangle supply critical historical, mythic, and linguistic background information, and highlight the moral, religious, political, philosophic, and psychological questions at the heart of each of the plays. Even readers unfamiliar with Greek drama will find what they need to experience, reflect on, and enjoy these towering works of classical literature. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Theban-Plays-Oedipus-Antigone-Editions/dp/0801478715/ref=sr_1_21?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-21" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Theban-Plays-Oedipus-Antigone-Editions/dp/0801478715/ref=sr_1_21?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-21</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9ba0ef4dd3de793cbe02a212db66c1c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102649308,"asset_id":102357169,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102649308/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102357169"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102357169"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102357169; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102357169]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102357169]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102357169; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102357169']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102357169, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9ba0ef4dd3de793cbe02a212db66c1c4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102357169]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102357169,"title":"The Theban Plays of Sophocles","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The timeless Theban tragedies of Sophocles: Oedipus the Tyrant, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone, have fascinated and moved audiences and readers across the ages with their haunting plots and their unforgettable heroes and heroines. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102356755"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102356755/The_Roots_of_Political_Philosophy_Ten_Forgotten_Socratic_Dialogues_CHINESE_TRANSLATION"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues—CHINESE TRANSLATION" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102649005/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102356755/The_Roots_of_Political_Philosophy_Ten_Forgotten_Socratic_Dialogues_CHINESE_TRANSLATION">The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues—CHINESE TRANSLATION</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues—CHINESE TRANSLATION</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been large...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been largely neglected for the last century. Although everyone of these dialogues belongs to the classical canon of Platonic writings and was accepted as genuine in antiquity, most were condemned as forgeries in the early nineteenth century―and have remained under a shadow ever since. In his long introductory essay, Thomas L. Pangle offers a spirited criticism of arguments that have been adduced to support the view that some of the dialogues are counterfeit and shows in scrupulous detail why he believes in their authenticity. <br />Each dialogue is accompanied by an interpretive essay that demonstrates how a close reading of the dialogue sheds revealing light on the Platonic understanding of political theory, ethics, aesthetics, and the philosophic way of life as exemplified by Socrates. The essays include previously published pieces, some of classic stature, as well as studies written especially for this volume. <br />Opening an entirely new dimension of Platonic studies, The Roots of Political Philosophy addresses, in a fresh or unfamiliar perspective, major themes and puzzles such as: the nature of law, of property, and of acquisitiveness; the meaning of Socrates' famous "demonic voice"; what is at stake in the poetic claim to inspiration; and the psychology of the tyrannic as opposed to the statesmanlike or political personality. <br />Political scientists, philosophers, classicists, and students who are familiar with the textual approach associated with Leo Strauss will welcome this book, as will other readers with an interest in ancient Greek philosophy and political thought. <br />Contributors and translators: Allan Bloom, Christopher Bruell, Steven Forde, James Leake, Carnes Lord, James H. Nichols, Clifford Orwin, Thomas L. Pangle, Leo Strauss, and David Sweet. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%A0%B9-%E8%A2%AB%E9%81%97%E5%BF%98%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E7%AF%87%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D-%E7%B2%BE-%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%91%E4%B8%9B-%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D/dp/7100168112/ref=sr_1_38?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-38" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%A0%B9-%E8%A2%AB%E9%81%97%E5%BF%98%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E7%AF%87%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D-%E7%B2%BE-%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%91%E4%B8%9B-%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D/dp/7100168112/ref=sr_1_38?crid=148YOIUQDYOG1&keywords=Thomas+Pangle&qid=1685033260&sprefix=thomas+pangle%2Caps%2C113&sr=8-38</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6bd145e0498c65dd45ec741319ad6ecd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102649005,"asset_id":102356755,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102649005/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102356755"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102356755"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102356755; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102356755]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102356755]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102356755; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102356755']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102356755, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6bd145e0498c65dd45ec741319ad6ecd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102356755]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102356755,"title":"The Roots of Political Philosophy: Ten Forgotten Socratic Dialogues—CHINESE TRANSLATION","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This book consists of literal English translations of ten Socratic dialogues that have been largely neglected for the last century. 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102645578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102352323/The_LAWS_of_Plato">The LAWS of Plato</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The LAWS of Plato</span><span>, 1980</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Laws, Plato's longest dialogue, has for centuries been recognized as the most comprehensive e...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Laws, Plato's longest dialogue, has for centuries been recognized as the most comprehensive exposition of the practical consequences of his philosophy, a necessary corrective to the more visionary and utopian Republic. In this animated encounter between a foreign philosopher and a powerful statesman, not only do we see reflected, in Plato's own thought, eternal questions of the relation between political theory and practice, but we also witness the working out of a detailed plan for a new political order that embodies the results of Plato's mature reflection on republican civic virtue, the family, the status of women, property rights, criminal law, and the role of religion and the fine arts in education.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc61d313b6352332622e91dc2dd79e3e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102645578,"asset_id":102352323,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102645578/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102352323"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102352323"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102352323; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102352323]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102352323]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102352323; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102352323']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102352323, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bc61d313b6352332622e91dc2dd79e3e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102352323]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102352323,"title":"The LAWS of Plato","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Laws, Plato's longest dialogue, has for centuries been recognized as the most comprehensive exposition of the practical consequences of his philosophy, a necessary corrective to the more visionary and utopian Republic. 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wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102136587/The_Life_of_Wisdom_in_Rousseaus_REVERIES_OF_THE_SOLITARY_WALKER">The Life of Wisdom in Rousseau's REVERIES OF THE SOLITARY WALKER</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Life of Wisdom in Rousseau's REVERIES OF THE SOLITARY WALKER</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is the first complete exegesis and interpretation of Rousseau’s final and culminating work, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is the first complete exegesis and interpretation of Rousseau’s final and culminating work, showing its full philosophic and moral teaching. The Reveries has been celebrated as a work of literature that is an acknowledged acme of French prose writing. Here it is argued that this aesthetic appreciation necessitates an in-depth interpretation of this writing’s complex and multi-leveled intended teaching—about the normatively best way of life. The interpretation here uncovers Rousseau’s most profound exploration and articulation of his own life, personality, soul, and thought as “the man of nature enlightened by reason.” Rousseau’s final work is the fullest embodiment of the experiential wisdom from which flows and to which points Rousseau’s political and moral philosophy, his theology, and his musical and literary art. <br />A podcast on this book: <a href="https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/thepoliticaltheoryreview/episodes/2023-06-27T09_47_05-07_00" rel="nofollow">https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/thepoliticaltheoryreview/episodes/2023-06-27T09_47_05-07_00</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd6c1a0d36988ed341b3c22d9d86a6e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102480112,"asset_id":102136587,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102480112/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102136587"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102136587"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102136587; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102136587]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102136587]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102136587; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102136587']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102136587, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd6c1a0d36988ed341b3c22d9d86a6e9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102136587]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102136587,"title":"The Life of Wisdom in Rousseau's REVERIES OF THE SOLITARY WALKER","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This is the first complete exegesis and interpretation of Rousseau’s final and culminating work, showing its full philosophic and moral teaching. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="90116253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/90116253/The_Socratic_Way_of_Life_Xenophons_MEMORABILIA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Socratic Way of Life: Xenophon's MEMORABILIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93768001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/90116253/The_Socratic_Way_of_Life_Xenophons_MEMORABILIA">The Socratic Way of Life: Xenophon's MEMORABILIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is the first book length study in English of the philosophic teaching of Xenophon’s masterwo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is the first book length study in English of the philosophic teaching of Xenophon’s masterwork. The first part analyzes Xenophon's defense of Socrates against the two charges of injustice for which he was convicted and put to death by democratic Athens: impiety, and corruption of the young. The second part analyzes Xenophon's account of how Socrates's life as a whole was just, in the sense of helping through his teaching a wide range of people.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Socratic-Way-Life-Xenophons-Memorabilia/dp/022651689X" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Socratic-Way-Life-Xenophons-Memorabilia/dp/022651689X</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9fffea16e1ec311491b5e70bd9848579" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93768001,"asset_id":90116253,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93768001/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="90116253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="90116253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 90116253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=90116253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=90116253]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 90116253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='90116253']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 90116253, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9fffea16e1ec311491b5e70bd9848579" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=90116253]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":90116253,"title":"The Socratic Way of Life: Xenophon's MEMORABILIA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This is the first book length study in English of the philosophic teaching of Xenophon’s masterwork. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="90115849"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/90115849/Socrates_Founding_Political_Philosophy_in_Xenophons_ECONOMIST_SYMPOSIUM_and_APOLOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Socrates Founding Political Philosophy in Xenophon's ECONOMIST, SYMPOSIUM, and APOLOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93767713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/90115849/Socrates_Founding_Political_Philosophy_in_Xenophons_ECONOMIST_SYMPOSIUM_and_APOLOGY">Socrates Founding Political Philosophy in Xenophon's ECONOMIST, SYMPOSIUM, and APOLOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book shows how the presentation of Socrates in Xenophon's highly defensive Memorabilia is de...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book shows how the presentation of Socrates in Xenophon's highly defensive Memorabilia is decisively deepened as well as complemented by the less apologetic, more aggressive shorter writings that Xenophon devoted to portraying Socrates in action.<br /><br />Xenophon's Economist exposes and focuses upon something scandalous about Socrates that one would never guess from reading the Memorabilia: well into his maturity, the philosopher by his own confession neither practiced nor understood "virtue" (aretē). Xenophon makes us witnesses to a dialogue where Socrates tells of the great day on which he underwent a radical transformation—when he became the moral and political citizen-philosopher famous to posterity, from having previously been a pre-Socratic thinker lost in the clouds, "reputed to engage in idle chatter and to measure the air," who by his own confession had no clue as to the meaning of the "noble/beautiful" (kalon), or as to what "gentlemen"—the "noble-and-good"—are and do.<br /><br />Xenophon's Symposium lets us be "flies on the wall" at a private drinking party at which the character of Socrates, and of his not altogether harmonious circle, find expression through being portrayed as partaking in the playful posturing of conventional gentlemen in their cups. Gradual inebriation loosens the tongues of all present, including Socrates, making manifest the gulf—and how that gulf is tenuously bridged—between the erotic playfulness of conventionally respectable gentlemen (led by the famous, wealthy, and "upper-crust" Kallias) and the philosophically erotic playfulness of Socrates.<br /><br />Xenophon's Apology of Socrates to the Jury gives us access to the inner deliberation by which Socrates arrived at his decision to give the astonishingly arrogant speech that he offered at his trial. Through an account of a crucial private conversation prior to the trial, in which Socrates reveals his plan for the conduct of his defense, and then through selections from Socrates's defiantly offensive courtroom oration, in which he provocatively proclaimed the excellences that made him superior to his fellowmen, Xenophon brings to light Socrates's distinctively philosophic self-esteem.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Political-Philosophy-Xenophons-Economist-Symposium/dp/022664247X" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/Political-Philosophy-Xenophons-Economist-Symposium/dp/022664247X</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="63f0414ef9e65e81739dcf76ec4f7fb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93767713,"asset_id":90115849,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93767713/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="90115849"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="90115849"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 90115849; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=90115849]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=90115849]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 90115849; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='90115849']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 90115849, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "63f0414ef9e65e81739dcf76ec4f7fb5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=90115849]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":90115849,"title":"Socrates Founding Political Philosophy in Xenophon's ECONOMIST, SYMPOSIUM, and APOLOGY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This book shows how the presentation of Socrates in Xenophon's highly defensive Memorabilia is decisively deepened as well as complemented by the less apologetic, more aggressive shorter writings that Xenophon devoted to portraying Socrates in action.\n\nXenophon's Economist exposes and focuses upon something scandalous about Socrates that one would never guess from reading the Memorabilia: well into his maturity, the philosopher by his own confession neither practiced nor understood \"virtue\" (aretē). Xenophon makes us witnesses to a dialogue where Socrates tells of the great day on which he underwent a radical transformation—when he became the moral and political citizen-philosopher famous to posterity, from having previously been a pre-Socratic thinker lost in the clouds, \"reputed to engage in idle chatter and to measure the air,\" who by his own confession had no clue as to the meaning of the \"noble/beautiful\" (kalon), or as to what \"gentlemen\"—the \"noble-and-good\"—are and do.\n\nXenophon's Symposium lets us be \"flies on the wall\" at a private drinking party at which the character of Socrates, and of his not altogether harmonious circle, find expression through being portrayed as partaking in the playful posturing of conventional gentlemen in their cups. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44304137"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44304137/T_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of T. Pangle on Bruell's theses for Academia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64689124/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44304137/T_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia">T. Pangle on Bruell's theses for Academia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Because of the importance of the philosophic issues involved (including the everlasting foundatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Because of the importance of the philosophic issues involved (including the everlasting foundations for cosmic existence), and the opportunity afforded for all of us to learn from one another, I am writing in response to a message that was sent out by emails to a number of scholars by Christopher Bruell, Emeritus Professor at Boston College. This message Prof. Bruell characterized in his emails as a “reply” to my article “A Synoptic Introduction to the Ontological Background of Aristotle’s Political Theory” in Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy [46:2, Spring 2020, pp. 261-90], which article Prof. Bruell says “could well be taken to be a somewhat veiled or oblique criticism of ARISTOTLE AS TEACHER” [Prof. Bruell’s book, South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2014). <br />I have further developed my implicit critique of Prof. Bruell's understanding of Aristotle, now in relation to HEGEL, in my “Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy,” Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy 48 (2022): 323-46, responding to Bruell's "THESES BEARING ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF ARISTOTLE’S NATURAL SCIENCE: A Lecture prepared for delivery at the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation, Munich Germany, October 18, 2021."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4415ffe577eeacb7ac362e6d9ff8d4ef" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64689124,"asset_id":44304137,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64689124/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44304137"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44304137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44304137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44304137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44304137]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44304137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44304137']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44304137, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4415ffe577eeacb7ac362e6d9ff8d4ef" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44304137]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44304137,"title":"T. Pangle on Bruell's theses for Academia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Because of the importance of the philosophic issues involved (including the everlasting foundations for cosmic existence), and the opportunity afforded for all of us to learn from one another, I am writing in response to a message that was sent out by emails to a number of scholars by Christopher Bruell, Emeritus Professor at Boston College. This message Prof. Bruell characterized in his emails as a “reply” to my article “A Synoptic Introduction to the Ontological Background of Aristotle’s Political Theory” in Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy [46:2, Spring 2020, pp. 261-90], which article Prof. Bruell says “could well be taken to be a somewhat veiled or oblique criticism of ARISTOTLE AS TEACHER” [Prof. Bruell’s book, South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2014). \r\nI have further developed my implicit critique of Prof. Bruell's understanding of Aristotle, now in relation to HEGEL, in my “Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy,” Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy 48 (2022): 323-46, responding to Bruell's \"THESES BEARING ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF ARISTOTLE’S NATURAL SCIENCE: A Lecture prepared for delivery at the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation, Munich Germany, October 18, 2021.\"","ai_title_tag":"Critique of Bruell's Theses on Aristotle and Hegel"},"translated_abstract":"Because of the importance of the philosophic issues involved (including the everlasting foundations for cosmic existence), and the opportunity afforded for all of us to learn from one another, I am writing in response to a message that was sent out by emails to a number of scholars by Christopher Bruell, Emeritus Professor at Boston College. This message Prof. Bruell characterized in his emails as a “reply” to my article “A Synoptic Introduction to the Ontological Background of Aristotle’s Political Theory” in Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy [46:2, Spring 2020, pp. 261-90], which article Prof. Bruell says “could well be taken to be a somewhat veiled or oblique criticism of ARISTOTLE AS TEACHER” [Prof. Bruell’s book, South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2014). \r\nI have further developed my implicit critique of Prof. Bruell's understanding of Aristotle, now in relation to HEGEL, in my “Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature as Foundational for His Political Philosophy,” Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy 48 (2022): 323-46, responding to Bruell's \"THESES BEARING ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF ARISTOTLE’S NATURAL SCIENCE: A Lecture prepared for delivery at the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation, Munich Germany, October 18, 2021.\"","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44304137/T_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-15T09:16:17.541-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12705588,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64689124,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64689124/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"T._Pangle_on_Bruell_s_theses_for_Academia.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64689124/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"T_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64689124/T._Pangle_on_Bruell_s_theses_for_Academia-libre.pdf?1602780053=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DT_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076063\u0026Signature=WLia0m~MMc33VtlHz95C4m9QvSIp1cGlkzmzMEtANrpROqsudkOlnciOtwyP0KBpaT4ire5j0p06H3lS4Ya7bSbxtwQx2prvatTMQjWI9Px~D2vp59DZpmGqUkt5AW~NlmqA5GP4fU6M84Yviv-5po3drZnyO2O8pbWUBsccG2YaWm41F-~PxenDlqwSV-HVGLrf8wXLF9LOHZW7wWfNLvbY-5y1X4C2bnSx3nNQBoafRUBbkKvtnawd7bGJoKZ3WPnIkAO~h9fGDYJSitwyThQGg6KS2ZwQVODSYy7GcFrCpYEK8vzWODApuQ3R~q~X09ELNN-efQFaHBDmkRuX6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"T_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12705588,"first_name":"Thomas","middle_initials":"L","last_name":"Pangle","page_name":"ThomasPangle","domain_name":"utexas","created_at":"2014-06-06T07:55:12.664-07:00","display_name":"Thomas L Pangle","url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/ThomasPangle"},"attachments":[{"id":64689124,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64689124/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"T._Pangle_on_Bruell_s_theses_for_Academia.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64689124/download_file?st=MTczMzA3Nzc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"T_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64689124/T._Pangle_on_Bruell_s_theses_for_Academia-libre.pdf?1602780053=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DT_Pangle_on_Bruells_theses_for_Academia.pdf\u0026Expires=1733076063\u0026Signature=WLia0m~MMc33VtlHz95C4m9QvSIp1cGlkzmzMEtANrpROqsudkOlnciOtwyP0KBpaT4ire5j0p06H3lS4Ya7bSbxtwQx2prvatTMQjWI9Px~D2vp59DZpmGqUkt5AW~NlmqA5GP4fU6M84Yviv-5po3drZnyO2O8pbWUBsccG2YaWm41F-~PxenDlqwSV-HVGLrf8wXLF9LOHZW7wWfNLvbY-5y1X4C2bnSx3nNQBoafRUBbkKvtnawd7bGJoKZ3WPnIkAO~h9fGDYJSitwyThQGg6KS2ZwQVODSYy7GcFrCpYEK8vzWODApuQ3R~q~X09ELNN-efQFaHBDmkRuX6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science"},{"id":823,"name":"Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology"},{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle"},{"id":3939,"name":"History and Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Philosophy_of_Biology"},{"id":7942,"name":"Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegel"},{"id":14453,"name":"Georg Friedrich Wilhem Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georg_Friedrich_Wilhem_Hegel"},{"id":18108,"name":"G.W.F. 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