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Khegayk - Wikipedia
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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em; background:#053F0D; padding-top:0.6em; color:white;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Circassians" title="Category:Circassians"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">a series</span></a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; background:#053F0D; padding:0.4em 0 0.4em 0; font-size:175%; line-height:0.9em; color:white; font-family:Palatino Linotype;""><big><b><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow">Circassians</span></a></b></big><br /><small><span class="tmp-color" style="color:yellow"><span class="nobold">Адыгэхэр</span></span></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em; padding:0.8em 0.4em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Adyghe Xabze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a></li></ul> </div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Circassian_arrows.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arrows in the Circassian flag"><img alt="Arrows in the Circassian flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Circassian_arrows.svg/60px-Circassian_arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Circassian_arrows.svg/90px-Circassian_arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Circassian_arrows.svg/120px-Circassian_arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Circassians" title="List of Circassians">List of notable Circassians</a><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a></b></i></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#053F0D; color:white; font-size:105%;"> <big><a href="/wiki/Circassian_diaspora" title="Circassian diaspora"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Circassian diaspora</span></a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Turkey" title="Circassians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Jordan" title="Circassians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Israel" title="Circassians in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Syria" title="Circassians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Germany" title="Circassians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Circassians in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Libya" title="Circassians in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iraq" title="Circassians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iran" title="Circassians in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Egypt" title="Circassians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Bulgaria" title="Circassians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <small>(historical)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Kosovo" title="Circassians in Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <small>(historical)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Romania" title="Circassians in Romania">Romania</a> <small>(historical)</small></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#053F0D; color:white; font-size:105%;"> <big><a href="/wiki/Category:Circassian_tribes" title="Category:Circassian tribes"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Circassian tribes</span></a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <p><big><b>Surviving</b></big> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abzakhs" title="Abzakhs">Abzakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besleney" title="Besleney">Besleney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bzhedug" class="mw-redirect" title="Bzhedug">Bzhedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemirgoys" title="Chemirgoys">Chemirgoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatuqway" title="Hatuqway">Hatuqway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardians" title="Kabardians">Kabardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natukhajs" title="Natukhajs">Natukhaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapsugs" title="Shapsugs">Shapsug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubykh_people" title="Ubykh people">Ubykh</a></li></ul> </div> <p><big><b>Destroyed or barely existing</b></big> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ademey" title="Ademey">Ademey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebsin" title="Chebsin">Chebsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherchenay" title="Cherchenay">Cherchenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaye" title="Guaye">Guaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuchey" title="Hakuchey">Hakuchey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatuq" title="Khatuq">Khatuq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khegayk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhosh" title="Makhosh">Makhosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamkhegh" title="Mamkhegh">Mamkhegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegeruqway" title="Yegeruqway">Yegeruqway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaney" title="Zhaney">Zhaney</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#053F0D; color:white; font-size:105%;"> <big><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Circassia" title="Religion in Circassia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Religion</span></a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Circassia" title="Religion in Circassia">Religion in Circassia</a><br /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_paganism" title="Circassian paganism">Circassian paganism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#053F0D; color:white; font-size:105%;"> <big><a href="/wiki/Circassian_languages" title="Circassian languages"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Languages and dialects</span></a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">West Circassian</a> (Adyghe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">East Circassian</a> (Kabardian)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#053F0D; color:white; font-size:105%;"> <big><a href="/wiki/Circassia#History" title="Circassia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">History</span></a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><div style="text-align: center;">Show</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Ancient</b></div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maykop_culture" title="Maykop culture">Maykop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeotians" title="Maeotians">Maeotians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygii" title="Zygii">Zygii</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Medieval</b></div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Circassia" title="Mongol invasion of Circassia">Mongol invasion of Circassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichia" title="Zichia">Zichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inal_the_Great_of_Circassia" class="mw-redirect" title="Inal the Great of Circassia">Inal the Great</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Modern</b></div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassian slave trade">Circassian slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Revolution" title="Circassian Revolution">Circassian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Majlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassian Majlis">Circassian Majlis</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a></b></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg/10px-Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg/15px-Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg/20px-Black_awareness_ribbon_icon_symmetrical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainous_Republic_of_the_Northern_Caucasus" title="Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus">Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Union_and_Mutual_Aid_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassian Union and Mutual Aid Society">Circassian Union and Mutual Aid Society</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Contemporary</b></div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Adygea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Adygea">Republic of Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kabardino-Balkaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria">Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapsugsky_National_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapsugsky National District">Shapsugsky National District</a> (until 1945)</li></ul> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Key battles</b></div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kanzhal" title="Battle of Kanzhal">Battle of Kanzhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qbaada" title="Battle of Qbaada">Battle of Qbaada</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#053F0D; color:white; font-size:105%;"> <big><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Culture</span></a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:1.0em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Adyghe Xabze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_nationalism" title="Circassian nationalism">Circassian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_flag" title="Circassian flag">Circassian flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_beauty" title="Circassian beauty">Circassian beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_music" title="Circassian music">Circassian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nart_saga" title="Nart saga">Circassian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Day_of_Mourning" title="Circassian Day of Mourning">Circassian Day of Mourning</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Circassians" title="Template:Circassians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Circassians" title="Template talk:Circassians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Circassians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Circassians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Khegayk</b><sup id="cite_ref-Brill_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Shegayk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>: <span lang="ady">Хьэкъуайкъу</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Adyghe-language romanization"><i lang="ady-Latn">Həqwayqu</i></span>) were one of the <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassian</a> tribes. They were completely exterminated in the <a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a>. None were recorded to have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some sources, they are also mentioned under the name "Shegayk".<sup id="cite_ref-Мон3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Мон3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khegayk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khegayks lived in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Anapa</a>. </p><p>In 1666, <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a>, when describing the <a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Anapa</a> fortress, wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>"The fortress was built very skillfully and is the creation of a skilled engineer. Inside it are the sheep and goats of the Khegayk tribe. " </p> </blockquote><p> At the same time, Evliya Çelebi compiled a detailed description of their life and everyday life:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p> "...These people are known as very strong and brave horsemen. There was a big fight because one of the Tatar warriors took a fish from a Circassian base. The Tatars stole their fish, and they [Circassians] killed them all. From there I went east again, passing dangerous places. All five hundred and fifty houses of the tribe, covered with reeds, fenced, have two doors - one after the other. In all houses there are very capable, skillful people, whose hands are not alien to any craft. If we called them "kafirs" (infidels), they were angry, and if we called them "Muslims", they were happy. However, even if they claim to be Muslims, they deny the resurrection of people on the day of the Judgment... May God forgive us. Their chief, Enjiruk-Bey, eighty years old, bearded, deaf, is a well-fed kafir... This chief owns three thousand horse and foot soldiers."</p></blockquote><p>In the 18th century, the number of Khegayk had decreased significantly. Glavani reports about one Khegayk district of 500 dwellings, managed by a chief. The district was located near the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Sea">Azov Sea</a>. </p><p>In 1724, Xaverio Glavani (French consul in Crimea) at the beginning of 1724, when describing Circassia, wrote: </p> <blockquote> <p>"The Khegayk district has one chief, to which 500 people are subordinate"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote><p> And yet, at this time, a small group of Khegayks still lived near Anapa. It was led by Prince Mehmed Zan, who had several ships and engaged in fishing. Pallas says:</p><blockquote><p>"Khegayk are extremely ruined and have diminished in numbers. As a result of plague epidemics and constant hostilities of the Crimean Khanate, the Russo-Circassian War, they were destroyed, and surviving groups of Khegayks left, joining other Adyghe tribes - Chemguy, Natukhaj, Shapsugs."</p></blockquote><p>In 1808, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Klaproth" title="Julius Klaproth">Julius Klaproth</a>, in his work - "Travel in the Caucasus and Georgia", reported:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote> <p>"The small Circassian tribe Khegayk now lives not near Anapa, but on the Bugur and its tributaries. Their Circassian name means: "living near the sea". It had a prince named Mehmet-Girey-Zhana and lived earlier on the site where Anapa was built. Their number decreased significantly as a result of attacks. Their prince was a rich man who traded and had ships on the Black Sea." </p> </blockquote><p> In 1820. Frédéric Dubois de Montpere, author of "Travel around the Caucasus", wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-Мон3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Мон3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>"the number of the Khegayk tribe is 20,000 people at most"</p></blockquote><p>After the Russo-Circassian War, the Khegayk disappeared and were no longer mentioned. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notables">Notables</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khegayk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Bey_Zanuqo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Bey Zanuqo">Sefer Bey Zanuqo</a> - military commander, diplomat, nobleman and activist. He took part in the various stages of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a> in both military and political capacities. He advocated for Circassian independence in the west and acted as an emissary of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. By the end of his life Zaneqo had emerged as the leader of the Circassian independence movement.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khegayk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brill-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brill_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Čerkesses". <i>E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936</i>. Volume II. Leiden, 1987. p. 834. 9789004082656</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Культура адыгов: по свидетельствам европейских авторов. Ельбрус, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Адыгская (Черкесская) энциклопедия. М., 2006 г.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Мон3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Мон3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Мон3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Фредерик Дюбуа Де Монпере<span>. Путешествие вокруг Кавказа</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Celebi5/text1.phtml?id=7003">"ЭВЛИЯ ЧЕЛЕБИ->КНИГА ПУТЕШЕСТВИЙ->ПУБЛИКАЦИЯ 1979 Г.->ЗЕМЛИ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА, ПОВОЛЖЬЯ И ПОДОНЬЯ->ГЛАВА 1"</a>. <i>www.vostlit.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vostlit.info&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%91%D0%98-%3E%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%93%D0%90+%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A8%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%98%D0%99-%3E%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%AF+1979+%D0%93.-%3E%D0%97%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%9B%D0%98+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%97%D0%90%2C+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%96%D0%AC%D0%AF+%D0%98+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%AC%D0%AF-%3E%D0%93%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%92%D0%90+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vostlit.info%2FTexts%2Frus10%2FCelebi5%2Ftext1.phtml%3Fid%3D7003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhegayk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Celebi5/text2.phtml?id=7004">"ЭВЛИЯ ЧЕЛЕБИ->КНИГА ПУТЕШЕСТВИЙ->ПУБЛИКАЦИЯ 1979 Г.->ЗЕМЛИ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА, ПОВОЛЖЬЯ И ПОДОНЬЯ->ГЛАВА 2"</a>. <i>www.vostlit.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vostlit.info&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%91%D0%98-%3E%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%93%D0%90+%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A8%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%98%D0%99-%3E%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%AF+1979+%D0%93.-%3E%D0%97%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%9B%D0%98+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%97%D0%90%2C+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%96%D0%AC%D0%AF+%D0%98+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%AC%D0%AF-%3E%D0%93%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%92%D0%90+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vostlit.info%2FTexts%2Frus10%2FCelebi5%2Ftext2.phtml%3Fid%3D7004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhegayk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ксаверио Главани. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Kavkaz/XVIII/1720-1740/Xaverio_Glavani/text.htm">Описание Черкессии.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>www.vostlit.info</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Kavkaz/XIX/1800-1820/Klaproth/text2.htm">http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Kavkaz/XIX/1800-1820/Klaproth/text2.htm</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vostlit.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vostlit.info%2FTexts%2FDokumenty%2FKavkaz%2FXIX%2F1800-1820%2FKlaproth%2Ftext2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhegayk" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Kavkaz/XIX/1820-1840/Dubois_Monpere/text1_1.htm">"ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ ВОКРУГ КАВКАЗА: У ЧЕРКЕСОВ И АБХАЗОВ, В КОЛХИДЕ, В ГРУЗИИ, В АРМЕНИИ И В КРЫМУ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A8%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%93+%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%97%D0%90%3A+%D0%A3+%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%92+%D0%98+%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%92%2C+%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%A5%D0%98%D0%94%D0%95%2C+%D0%92+%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%97%D0%98%D0%98%2C+%D0%92+%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%98+%D0%98+%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%9C%D0%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vostlit.info%2FTexts%2FDokumenty%2FKavkaz%2FXIX%2F1820-1840%2FDubois_Monpere%2Ftext1_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhegayk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Волкова Н. Г. Этнический состав населения Северного Кавказа в XVIII — начале XX века. — М.: Наука, 1974. — С. 20–21.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c59558b9d‐vr7lf Cached time: 20241130143913 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.402 seconds Real time usage: 0.633 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1756/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 53926/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10933/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 62740/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.246/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15091468/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 545.164 1 -total 30.22% 164.769 1 Template:Reflist 27.29% 148.801 4 Template:Cite_web 25.13% 137.017 1 Template:Circassians 24.52% 133.688 1 Template:Ethnic_group_sidebar 23.87% 130.155 1 Template:Langx 23.61% 128.719 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists 19.46% 106.114 1 Template:Short_description 10.53% 57.411 3 Template:Main_other 10.14% 55.302 1 Template:SDcat --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68707179-0!canonical and timestamp 20241130143913 and revision id 1254673408. 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