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Paradise Papers: A special investigation | Paradise-papers | The Guardian
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document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Lifestyle-button" aria-label="Toggle Lifestyle" for="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lifestyleLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Lifestyle" data-link-name="header : secondary : Lifestyle" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-yq9plo">Lifestyle</label><ul role="menu" id="lifestyleLinks" data-testid="lifestyleLinks" class="dcr-1utnfys"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/lifeandstyle" role="menuitem" 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4.033-3.287l1.924-.368v-.53c0-1.104-.413-1.512-2.068-1.512-.972 0-2.09.082-2.834.204v-2.164c1.055-.368 2.75-.756 4.633-.756 2.794 0 4.056 1.144 4.056 3.574v4.86c0 .51.33.654.745.654h.332v1.777c-.372.245-1.304.51-2.213.51-1.2 0-1.925-.366-2.236-1.266h-.104c-.558.695-1.592 1.288-3 1.288-1.984 0-3.266-1.226-3.266-2.983zm5.958.41v-2.35l-.973.042c-.85.06-1.222.49-1.222 1.368 0 .92.332 1.347 1.117 1.347.456 0 .87-.204 1.077-.408zM95.37 98.83l1.178-.267V88.148l-1.24-.328v-1.898l4.55-.47.31.143v1.06h.125c.642-.57 1.717-1.244 3.207-1.244 1.986 0 3.993 1.185 3.993 5.27 0 4.472-2.44 6.146-5.627 6.146-.807 0-1.16-.04-1.53-.122v1.88l1.364.244v1.818h-6.33V98.83zm8.15-7.68c0-2.308-.6-3.064-1.778-3.064-.62 0-1.077.143-1.407.306v5.842c.268.184.578.367 1.24.367 1.22 0 1.946-.652 1.946-3.45zM108.238 91.088c0-3.573 2.234-5.657 5.585-5.657 3.413 0 5.026 1.676 5.026 6.25h-6.682c.207 1.92 1.24 2.595 3 2.595 1.448 0 2.378-.266 3.164-.51v1.98c-.786.53-2.09 1.082-4.2 1.082-3.867 0-5.894-2.062-5.894-5.74zm6.93-1.266c0-1.695-.58-2.206-1.386-2.206-.848 0-1.47.51-1.614 2.33l3-.124zM119.534 94.704l1.18-.286v-6.27l-1.242-.327v-1.898l4.55-.47.332.143v1.634h.124c.58-.982 1.53-1.757 2.793-1.757.187 0 .414.02.56.06v3.31c-.25-.062-.62-.103-.973-.103-1.014 0-1.717.123-2.338.408v5.27l1.53.285v1.86h-6.516v-1.86zM128.822 96.154l-.186-2.982h2.338l.413 1.205c.27.143.787.327 1.448.327.89 0 1.448-.348 1.448-.96 0-.613-.35-.817-1.324-1.062l-1.2-.286c-2.05-.45-3.145-1.39-3.145-3.33 0-2.123 1.51-3.654 4.923-3.654 1.365 0 2.772.224 3.662.592v2.84h-2.276l-.268-1.083c-.25-.142-.64-.265-1.24-.265-.808 0-1.43.246-1.43.858 0 .57.373.817 1.49 1.062l1.346.307c2.212.49 3.082 1.593 3.082 3.247 0 2.307-1.53 3.858-5.213 3.858-1.24 0-2.75-.225-3.868-.674z"/></g></g></svg> </div> <div class="paradise-papers__description"> <div class="paradise-papers__description--inner">The Paradise Papers is a special investigation by the Guardian and 95 media partners worldwide into a leak of 13.4m files from two offshore service providers and 19 tax havens' company registries</div> </div> <div class="paradise-papers__image replace__image"> </div> <div class="paradise-papers__headline"> <a class="replace__link" href=""></a> <div class="paradise-papers__headline--inner"> <h1 class="replace__headline">Paradise papers</h1> <svg width="25" height="23" viewBox="0 0 25 23" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.02 12.636h19.994l-7.84 9.383 1.018 1.02 10.9-10.926v-1.046L13.19.143l-1.02 1.02 7.842 9.382H.02" fill="#333" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="paradise-papers__background"> </div> </div> <img style="height:0;width:0;visibility:hidden;position:absolute;z-index: 1;" height="0" width="0" src="https://interactive.guim.co.uk/thrashers/paradise-papers/hashed/empty.8732aa71.gif" onload="var script=document.createElement('script');script.src='https://interactive.guim.co.uk/thrashers/paradise-papers/hashed/main.dda8f916.js'; document.body.appendChild(script);" /> </div></div></div></section></div></div><div><section id="paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation" data-link-name="container-2 | paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation" data-component="paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation" data-container-name="fixed/medium/slow-VI" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-dah9rt">Paradise papers: a special investigation</h2></div></div></div><div class="dcr-q4i26b"><button data-link-name="Hide" data-show-hide-button="paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation" data-beta-container="false" aria-controls="paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation" aria-expanded="true" class="dcr-1j7cczu">Hide</button></div><div id="container-paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation" class="dcr-uo85ve"><ul class="dcr-1ydzu3d"><li class="dcr-czhhlk"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/news/2017/nov/14/after-successive-offshore-scandals-are-there-signs-of-change-in-isle-of-man" data-link-name="feature | group-0 | card-@1" aria-label="After successive offshore scandals, are there signs of change?" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-b9p4z1"><div class="dcr-1gz3uua"><picture data-size="large" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=700&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=700&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=500&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=500&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=480&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=480&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=360&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=360&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Douglas on the Isle of Man, a crown dependency answerable to the UK government." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/25515ce89b76d9135b527a776235a9470bc69ce7/45_163_4956_2974/master/4956.jpg?width=360&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-19uepte"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-14p1cl3"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1cc5b8d">Isle of Man</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">After successive offshore scandals, are there signs of change?</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-1vetsv0"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Crown dependency’s response to previous scandals has been to circle the wagons, but after the Paradise Papers, there are hints the popular mood is shifting</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div><div class="dcr-1ibvfh6"></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"><ul class="sublinks dcr-1vl2vrf"><li data-link-name="sublinks | 1" class="dcr-5qjesm"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="18" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-s76wdc"><a href="/news/ng-interactive/2017/nov/11/paradise-papers-whos-who-leak-offshore-secrets" class="dcr-1ij2qgb"><h3 class="card-sublink-headline dcr-rsqedy"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1b0f48m">Who's who</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">The big names in the leak of offshore secrets</span></h3></a></div></li><li data-link-name="sublinks | 2" class="dcr-5qjesm"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1gxky2t"><a href="/news/2017/nov/08/key-revelations-from-the-paradise-papers" class="dcr-1ij2qgb"><h3 class="card-sublink-headline dcr-rsqedy"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1b0f48m">Key revelations</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">All the stories you may have missed</span></h3></a></div></li><li data-link-name="sublinks | 3" class="dcr-5qjesm"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="6" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-2zf4li"><a href="/news/2017/nov/05/why-shining-light-world-tax-havens-again-paradise-papers" class="dcr-1ij2qgb"><h3 class="card-sublink-headline dcr-rsqedy"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1b0f48m">Tax havens</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Why we are shining a light on the offshore world again</span></h3></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-c7jt3v"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/news/2017/nov/10/britain-criticised-meps-action-tax-havens-paradise-papers" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@2" aria-label="MEPs criticise Britain for failing to take action" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/09d74e44a0150859ab96c2d3485daf331b4fb3c8/0_0_7360_4414/master/7360.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/09d74e44a0150859ab96c2d3485daf331b4fb3c8/0_0_7360_4414/master/7360.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/09d74e44a0150859ab96c2d3485daf331b4fb3c8/0_0_7360_4414/master/7360.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/09d74e44a0150859ab96c2d3485daf331b4fb3c8/0_0_7360_4414/master/7360.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/09d74e44a0150859ab96c2d3485daf331b4fb3c8/0_0_7360_4414/master/7360.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source 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data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/news/2017/nov/10/tout-offshore-firm-tax-adele-ed-sheeran-ticket-sales" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@3" aria-label="Tout used offshore firm to avoid tax on Adele and Ed Sheeran ticket sales" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c305d9233a8b34bd0d5ef0453ca0d37260f4534/0_0_2560_1536/master/2560.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c305d9233a8b34bd0d5ef0453ca0d37260f4534/0_0_2560_1536/master/2560.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source 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aria-label="Scheme that let Gary Lineker avoid tax on Barbados home" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Gary Lineker" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8615adaf334487cafbe66209fc213b886631ab90/0_150_4402_2640/master/4402.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 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(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/efbd0225ce60f8b9a7f2d8a477ab9726f9e8dde8/0_200_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/efbd0225ce60f8b9a7f2d8a477ab9726f9e8dde8/0_200_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/efbd0225ce60f8b9a7f2d8a477ab9726f9e8dde8/0_200_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/efbd0225ce60f8b9a7f2d8a477ab9726f9e8dde8/0_200_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/efbd0225ce60f8b9a7f2d8a477ab9726f9e8dde8/0_200_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Donald Trump and Robert Kraft" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/efbd0225ce60f8b9a7f2d8a477ab9726f9e8dde8/0_200_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-19pkkul"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1cc5b8d">Robert Kraft</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Trump ally revealed as longtime owner of offshore firm</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1momuxt"><gu-island name="ShowMore" priority="feature" deferUntil="interaction" props="{"title":"Paradise papers: a special investigation","sectionId":"paradise-papers:-a-special-investigation","collectionId":"ed4c0e75-42ff-4cd9-8f27-a6163e7cd906","pageId":"news/series/paradise-papers","ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","editionId":"INT","showAge":true,"discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api"}"><div id="show-more-ed4c0e75-42ff-4cd9-8f27-a6163e7cd906" aria-live="polite"></div><div class="dcr-11vxpqc"><button type="button" aria-live="polite" aria-controls="show-more-ed4c0e75-42ff-4cd9-8f27-a6163e7cd906" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="show-more-button-ed4c0e75-42ff-4cd9-8f27-a6163e7cd906-description" data-link-name="more" class="dcr-13ht2g">More Paradise papers: a special investigation<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m10.8 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data-container-name="fixed/small/slow-V-mpu" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-dqlcr0"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-jphuvb"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-dah9rt">Explainers</h2></div></div></div><div class="dcr-q4i26b"><button data-link-name="Hide" data-show-hide-button="explainers" data-beta-container="false" aria-controls="explainers" aria-expanded="true" class="dcr-1j7cczu">Hide</button></div><div id="container-explainers" class="dcr-uo85ve"><ul class="dcr-1ydzu3d"><li class="dcr-11dhrb2"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/news/2017/nov/05/what-are-the-paradise-papers-and-what-do-they-tell-us" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@1" aria-label="What are the Paradise Papers and what do they tell us?" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Appleby’s offices." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2fbc2babdb97370a4422ef4571dc156a92d87666/0_148_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-19pkkul"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1cc5b8d">Key questions</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">What are the Paradise Papers and what do they tell us?</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"><ul class="sublinks dcr-1rlh83z"><li data-link-name="sublinks | 1" class="dcr-35ywf7"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><a href="/news/video/2017/nov/05/what-are-the-paradise-papers-video" class="dcr-1ij2qgb"><h3 class="card-sublink-headline dcr-rsqedy"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1b0f48m">Video</div><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">What are the Paradise Papers?</span></h3></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-c7jt3v"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="10" 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src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/84df2eaba96b53d73dc5deaf7b06d19d4dbe95b2/0_0_2000_1201/master/2000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-19pkkul"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Key revelations from the Paradise Papers</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-c7jt3v"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="6" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-2zf4li"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/news/2017/nov/05/why-shining-light-world-tax-havens-again-paradise-papers" data-link-name="analysis | group-0 | card-@3" aria-label="Why we are shining a light on the world of tax havens again" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Hamilton in Bermuda" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/649289c495cc9246c76d7e9b163d268e5dab2197/1_0_5105_3064/master/5105.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 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srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="The offices of Appleby in Hamilton, Bermuda" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/47ef3cfa8e47ce7cb5b173157e8683b13f11eff3/0_221_3000_1801/master/3000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-19pkkul"><div style="color:var(--card-kicker-text);background-color:transparent;" class="dcr-1cc5b8d">Appleby</div><svg viewBox="0 0 22 14" style="fill:var(--card-kicker-text);" class="dcr-scql1j"><path d="M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z"></path></svg><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Offshore law firm's response: no evidence of wrongdoing</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1momuxt"></div><div class="dcr-rdw702"></div></section></div><div><div class="top-fronts-banner-ad-container dcr-12mgsnl"><div class="ad-slot-container dcr-dk0wj3"><div id="dfp-ad--fronts-banner-1" data-link-name="ad slot fronts-banner-1" data-name="fronts-banner-1" data-testid="slot" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--fronts-banner-1 ad-slot--rendered false dcr-aygtuk"></div></div></div><section id="news" data-link-name="container-4 | news" 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src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1875309a39b46b5e7ffb7404f59f826d79a32feb/33_0_3433_2061/master/3433.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-4ec2a0"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Glencore fails to prevent tax office using Paradise Papers documents</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-npm5t2"><ul class="dcr-yow2ma"><li class="dcr-keisnu"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/australia-news/2019/apr/05/tax-office-may-apply-40-tax-against-multinationals-for-diverting-profits" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@3" aria-label="Tax office may apply 40% tax against multinationals for diverting profits" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-j2h3nb"><div class="dcr-18ofvja"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Tax office" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6fa174a2d738c33094429c8b53e7ad7a0a1eaf9c/0_0_2464_1478/master/2464.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1t1cei4"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1mm37ru"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Tax office may apply 40% tax against multinationals for diverting profits</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-keisnu"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-908n69"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/world/2019/mar/11/jersey-guernsey-isle-of-man-share-ownership-uk-security" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@4" aria-label="Money laundering concerns justify Jersey intervention, say MPs" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-j2h3nb"><div class="dcr-18ofvja"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="The Tynwald building, housing the parliament of the Isle of Man" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b9f7f7353ff2d422b92149792cf43b1f134eef2e/0_69_4518_2711/master/4518.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1t1cei4"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1mm37ru"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Money laundering concerns justify Jersey intervention, say MPs</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-keisnu"><div data-format-theme="3" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-pgxvx8"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/music/2019/feb/26/shakira-appear-court-barcelona-alleged-tax-evasion-spain" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@5" aria-label="Shakira to appear in court over alleged tax evasion in Spain" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-j2h3nb"><div class="dcr-18ofvja"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Shakira with her partner, the Barcelona footballer Gerard Piqué." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4c813a269ba44d0809e63b8f11a302d77192937e/26_181_1243_745/master/1243.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1t1cei4"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1mm37ru"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Shakira to appear in court over alleged tax evasion in Spain</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-1momuxt"><gu-island name="ShowMore" priority="feature" deferUntil="interaction" 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data-link-name="Hide" data-show-hide-button="opinion" data-beta-container="false" aria-controls="opinion" aria-expanded="true" class="dcr-1j7cczu">Hide</button></div><div id="container-opinion" class="dcr-uo85ve"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-keisnu"><div data-format-theme="1" data-format-design="8" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-85p9wr"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/global-development/2022/aug/22/europe-put-tax-havens-in-the-caribbean-and-now-punishes-them-for-it" data-link-name="comment | group-0 | card-@1" aria-label="Europe put tax havens in the Caribbean – and now punishes them for it" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Economic Crime<br>BERLIN, GERMANY - AUGUST 06: Silhouette of a man who puts a large bundle of banknotes in his jacket on August 06, 2014, in Berlin, Germany." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/97d1cec4951fd8a040fc3b783f52a1ce2aa200b8/0_0_5578_3347/master/5578.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-4ec2a0"><svg viewBox="0 0 22 14" style="fill:var(--card-kicker-text);" class="dcr-scql1j"><path d="M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z"></path></svg><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Europe put tax havens in the Caribbean – and now punishes them for it</span></h3><span class="dcr-1tmbud3">Kenneth Mohammed</span></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-39s4cb"><div data-format-theme="1" data-format-design="8" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-85p9wr"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/commentisfree/2021/oct/04/government-shell-companies-dodge-tax-bribes-pandora-papers" data-link-name="comment | group-0 | card-@2" aria-label="The government promised to clamp down on shell companies. It has failed to do so" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-dvubk4"><div class="dcr-667ngd"><div class="dcr-nisrxq"><picture class="dcr-fbvh4p"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2023/02/02/Oliver_Bullough,_L.png?width=140&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2023/02/02/Oliver_Bullough,_L.png?width=140&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2023/02/02/Oliver_Bullough,_L.png?width=75&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2023/02/02/Oliver_Bullough,_L.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Oliver Bullough" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2023/02/02/Oliver_Bullough,_L.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" class="dcr-1yduq3m"/></picture></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-4ec2a0"><svg viewBox="0 0 22 14" style="fill:var(--card-kicker-text);" class="dcr-scql1j"><path d="M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z"></path></svg><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">The government promised to clamp down on shell companies. It has failed to do so</span></h3><span class="dcr-1tmbud3">Oliver Bullough</span></div></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;" class="dcr-0"><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><a data-discussion-id="/p/j5bya" data-ignore="global-link-styling" data-link-name="Comment count" href="/commentisfree/2021/oct/04/government-shell-companies-dodge-tax-bribes-pandora-papers#comments" class="dcr-2z2e0g"><gu-island name="CardCommentCount" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","discussionId":"/p/j5bya"}"><div class="dcr-1vtfybo"><div class="dcr-1yci2yw"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13 0l1 1v7l-1 1H7l-2 3H4V9H2L1 8V1l1-1h11z"></path></svg></div><div class="dcr-1xg7t4s">…</div><div aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-hv8aup">…</div><span class="dcr-194i6pr"> comments</span></div></gu-island></a></footer></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-39s4cb"><div data-format-theme="1" data-format-design="8" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-85p9wr"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/commentisfree/2019/nov/01/viral-billionaires-super-rich-exist" data-link-name="comment | group-0 | card-@3" aria-label="I never expected to go viral just for saying billionaires shouldn’t exist " class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Aviva III, owned by the businessman Joe Lewis, moored on the River Thames." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eb5384a31e517eb0cced323b9b1e9d30f5dd2e12/0_389_5184_3110/master/5184.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1wfknh3"><div class="dcr-vy6xhd"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-4ec2a0"><svg viewBox="0 0 22 14" style="fill:var(--card-kicker-text);" class="dcr-scql1j"><path d="M5.255 0h4.75c-.572 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941H0C.792 9.104 2.44 4.53 5.255 0Zm11.061 0H21c-.506 4.53-1.077 8.972-1.297 13.941h-8.686c.902-4.837 2.485-9.411 5.3-13.941Z"></path></svg><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">I never expected to go viral just for saying billionaires shouldn’t exist </span></h3><span class="dcr-1tmbud3">Lloyd Russell-Moyle</span></div><footer class="dcr-udklzc"><a data-discussion-id="/p/cjfh6" data-ignore="global-link-styling" data-link-name="Comment count" 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Guardian view on UK tax havens: MPs are right to get tough" class="dcr-2yd10d"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);row-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-1y4wqkl"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/855143c3a8de5fd8cdf7b88cdf44c8e8e08c09df/0_27_1378_827/master/1378.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/855143c3a8de5fd8cdf7b88cdf44c8e8e08c09df/0_27_1378_827/master/1378.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/855143c3a8de5fd8cdf7b88cdf44c8e8e08c09df/0_27_1378_827/master/1378.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source 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