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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css"> <link href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/pnotify/2.0.0/pnotify.all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/public/classic_css/autocomplete.css"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>PBDB Interval</title>    <script src="/public/classic_js/autocomplete.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var acapp = new AutoCompleteObject("searchbox", "cls", "classic"); document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", acapp.initialize, false); function NewTab(doclink) { window.open( doclink, "_blank"); } </script> <style> .navbar-brand img { margin-top: -12px; } </style> </head> <body> <style> .nav > li > a { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 10px } </style> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-static-top" style="background-color: #000000" role="navigation"> <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#tgc-main-nav-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> MENU </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/"><img src="/public/images/logo_white.png" alt="PaleobioDB" title="PBDB Home"></a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/classic">Main Menu</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">About</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="dropdown"><a onclick="NewTab('https://escholarship.org/content/qt6tm05630/qt6tm05630.pdf?t=s0797i')">User Guide</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQPrlNL2sUTFbZAzZFs2Jhs4j-1h3RfAIFNl54JstnHfxhhRcjMGImGU4VRk89C9Er_kNEWj7NTAqaR/pub')">FAQ</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSa6qptD9Ox02NoD3pD5XreK0lh9P0JCxsHo1cpwV5My7HPh77vLYy6zjOqLPo0Gy09DKbAK3x69yMr/pub')">Recent Changes</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSMxYT8vGz-8UOZmwKyEgMfuSbbk52fW-oQDbUxdMwIMd8xjqaQvue_sJvvW5LewvPGC-aeQActioIL/pub')">Data Definitions</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRGNLWHekf_Pi2tfxfJeGvIAR3S3Z9BT6apmPQ-AGQhCHm0YB7AAwvSDh8F0bmrgeTO9LsB4Yw5IVsn/pub')">People</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vTj4EvmyKBAMq-mbfa7_TFbZMyA-JCRJhAjiEY5IFjaiPcjBTPO1uU54iefy_OxalV188qbKa2FZP8c/pub')">Funding</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vR7kG-nphQsmxW2tHX3yZkuahsZfQyXb3-5d8k088LDxwMM0RYlFbXM-m6ERWgm-bCNx8JKtiDsHPvu/pub')">Project Development</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('/#/publications')">Official Publications</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vTSim8NOagd9iBlfCHWofL-fH4hMfkHUqakfwryDT2VOBxoCYsSMbpDcUdjBb0996Xvv8Ka7m1lqgcP/pub')">Partner Organizations</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/178HwGVtA4--3SSFCN5Xx56P75BskCWCZVV_OHMVK0Ms/edit?usp=sharing')">Database Policies</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSeDBiPU9fgkK44R49Nj2WyhquPKU0F3G0uH1ezl9gNNq3cRyGHPdEvjpNtnuVwnXgscmoWru4zKUmx/pub')">Grant Writing Assistance</a></li> <li><a onclick="NewTab('https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQtrCtdl_7wOzAgm90__urKxgIMWLxC1hdA5Qh0rLozrnXteObSSWdXaAd9jSuJWfScHBXFvGACI6z5/pub')">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/classic/displayDownloadGenerator">Download</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Search<b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/classic/displaySearchColls?type=view">Fossil collection records</a></li> <li><a href="/classic/beginTaxonInfo">Fossil organisms</a></li> <li><a href="/classic/app/refs">Published references</a></li> <li><a href="/classic/classificationForm">Classifications of taxa in groups</a></li> <li><a href="/classic/displaySearchStrataForm">Stratigraphic units</a></li> <li><a href="/classic/app/archive/list">Data archives</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="/account">Login</a></li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-input-group form-search universalSearchForm" onsubmit="return acapp.do_submit(this)"> <div class="input-group" id="acinput"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search the database" id="searchbox" onkeyup="acapp.do_keyup()"> <div class="searchResult dropdown-menu" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </nav> <script language="javascript"> document.body.addEventListener("click", function (e) { acapp.showhide_menu(e); }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/classic_css/common.css">   <script src="/public/classic_js/common.js" language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"></script> <div class="container"> <div id="mainBody"> <div class="innerMainPanel">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/public/classic_css/timescales.css"> <script src="/public/classic_js/timescales.js"></script> <div onclick="closeDetails()"> <h3 class="ts_heading">Early Santonian <span class="ts_type">subage</span></h3> <div id="details" class="ts_details"><p>86.3 - 83.6 Ma</p> <p>The definition of this interval in the timescale <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?scale=12">Mesozoic Subages</a> is taken from the following source:</p> <ul><li>F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. <i>SEPM Special Publication</i> <b>54</b> <a href="/classic/displayRefResults?reference_no=9098" target="_blank">view</a></li></ul> <p>There are intervals in 4 timescales which overlap this one. <a onclick="showOverlapList()">show</a></p> <ul class="ts_ovlist" id="ts_ovlist" style="display: none"> <li><em>International Chronostratigraphic Timescale:</em> <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> epoch, <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Santonian">Santonian</a> age</li> <li><em>Mesozoic Subages:</em> <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Middle Santonian">Middle Santonian</a> subage, <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Late Santonian">Late Santonian</a> subage</li> <li><em>Cretaceous Subepochs:</em> <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Senonian">Senonian</a> subepoch</li> <li><em>Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand:</em> <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Piripauan">Piripauan</a> age, <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Teratan">Teratan</a> age, <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Mata">Mata</a> epoch, <a href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=Early Santonian,Raukumara">Raukumara</a> epoch</li> </ul> <p>This interval is used in the definition of <a href="/classic/displayCollResults?view=standard&timerule=defined&max_interval=Early Santonian" target="_blank">326 collections</a></p> <p>A total of <a href="/classic/displayCollResults?view=standard&timerule=major&max_interval=Early Santonian" target="_blank">1352 collections</a> with 7591 occurrences lie within this time span</p> <table><tr><td><p><a class="ts_expand" href="/classic/displayTimescale?interval=661&show=Cretaceous-Cenozoic">Show more time</a></p> </td><td><p><a class="ts_expand" id="ts_showtime" onclick="toggleTime()">Show linear time</a></p> </td></tr></table> </div> <div id="diagram" class="ts_panel"> <table class="ts_display" id="ts_diagram" onclick="selectInterval(event)"> <tr><th class="ts_header" colspan="3">International Chronostratigraphic Timescale</th><th class="ts_header">Mesozoic Subages</th><th class="ts_corner"></th></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #7FC64E" rowspan="17" id="s1-14">Cretaceous</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #A6D84A" rowspan="6" id="s1-39">Late Cretaceous</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #F2FA8C" id="s1-112">Maastrichtian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-654+s12-655">Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b0"><span class="ts_boundlabel">66</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #E6F47F" id="s1-113">Campanian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-656+s12-657+s12-658">Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b1"><span class="ts_boundlabel">72.1</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #D9EF74" id="s1-114">Santonian</td><td class="ts_interval ts_highlight" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-659+s12-660+s12-661">Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b2"><span class="ts_boundlabel">83.6</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #CCE968" id="s1-115">Coniacian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-662+s12-663+s12-664">Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b3"><span class="ts_boundlabel">86.3</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #BFE35D" id="s1-116">Turonian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-665+s12-666+s12-667">Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b4"><span class="ts_boundlabel">89.8</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #B3DE53" id="s1-117">Cenomanian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-668+s12-669+s12-670">Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b5"><span class="ts_boundlabel">93.9</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #8CCD57" rowspan="11" id="s1-40">Early Cretaceous</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #CCEA97" rowspan="3" id="s1-118">Albian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-671">Late Albian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b6"><span class="ts_boundlabel">100.5</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-672">Middle Albian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b7"><span class="ts_boundlabel">106.2 *</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-673">Early Albian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b8"><span class="ts_boundlabel">109.9 *</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #BFE48A" rowspan="2" id="s1-119">Aptian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-674">Late Aptian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b9"><span class="ts_boundlabel">113</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-675">Early Aptian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b10"><span class="ts_boundlabel">119.5 *</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #B3DF7F" id="s1-120">Barremian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-676+s12-677">Late Barremian/Early Barremian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b11"><span class="ts_boundlabel">121.4</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #A6D975" id="s1-121">Hauterivian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-678+s12-679">Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b12"><span class="ts_boundlabel">125.77</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #99D36A" id="s1-122">Valanginian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-680+s12-681">Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b13"><span class="ts_boundlabel">132.6</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #8CCD60" rowspan="3" id="s1-123">Berriasian</td><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-682">Late Berriasian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b14"><span class="ts_boundlabel">139.8</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-683">Middle Berriasian</td><td class="ts_bound" id="b15"><span class="ts_boundlabel">140.6 *</span></td></tr> <tr><td class="ts_interval" style="background-color: #FFFF33" id="s12-684">Early Berriasian</td><td class="ts_bound" 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