CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Romfart – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"20a929fa-d7da-491f-950d-e0428660741d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Romfart","wgTitle":"Romfart","wgCurRevisionId":24205156,"wgRevisionId":24205156,"wgArticleId":22282,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha","Artikler i astronomiprosjektet","Romfart"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Romfart","wgRelevantArticleId":22282,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true ,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5916","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/1200px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="674"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/800px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="449"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/640px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Romfart – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romfart"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romfart"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Romfart rootpage-Romfart skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Romfart" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Romfart" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Romfart" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Romfart" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Romfartsforetak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romfartsforetak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Romfartsforetak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romfartsforetak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bemannede_romferder_og_romfartøy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bemannede_romferder_og_romfartøy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bemannede romferder og romfartøy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bemannede_romferder_og_romfartøy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Bemannede romferder og romfartøy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bemannede_romferder_og_romfartøy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_første_romferdene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_første_romferdene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>De første romferdene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_første_romferdene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo-programmet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo-programmet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Apollo-programmet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo-programmet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovjetunionens_bemannede_måneprogram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovjetunionens_bemannede_måneprogram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sovjetunionens bemannede måneprogram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovjetunionens_bemannede_måneprogram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sojuz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sojuz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sojuz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sojuz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romferger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romferger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Romferger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romferger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romstasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romstasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Romstasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romstasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romfartsulykker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romfartsulykker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Romfartsulykker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romfartsulykker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rommedisin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rommedisin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Rommedisin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rommedisin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Satellitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romsonder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romsonder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Romsonder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romsonder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bæreraketter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bæreraketter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bæreraketter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bæreraketter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Romfart</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 103 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romfart" title="Romfart – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romfart" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumfart" title="Rumfart – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rumfart" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rymdfart" title="Rymdfart – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rymdfart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimflug" title="Geimflug – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geimflug" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtevaart" title="Ruimtevaart – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruimtevaart" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raumfahrt" title="Raumfahrt – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Raumfahrt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رحلة فضائية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رحلة فضائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_espacial" title="Vuelo espacial – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vuelo espacial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron%C3%B4tica" title="Astronôtica – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Astronôtica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মহাকাশ যাত্ৰা – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহাকাশ যাত্ৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelu_espacial" title="Vuelu espacial – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vuelu espacial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap%C3%BDpe_%C3%B1emboveve" title="Arapýpe ñemboveve – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Arapýpe ñemboveve" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmik_u%C3%A7u%C5%9F" title="Kosmik uçuş – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmik uçuş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মহাকাশ যাত্রা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাকাশ যাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9A-h%C3%A2ng" title="Ú-hâng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ú-hâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Йыһанға осоу – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йыһанға осоу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82" title="Касмічны палёт – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касмічны палёт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82" title="Касьмічны палёт – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Касьмічны палёт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Космически полет – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космически полет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_letovi" title="Svemirski letovi – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svemirski letovi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_espacial" title="Vol espacial – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vol espacial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmick%C3%BD_let" title="Kosmický let – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kosmický let" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teithio%27r_gofod" title="Teithio'r gofod – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teithio'r gofod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رحلة فضائية – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رحلة فضائية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raumfahrt" title="Raumfahrt – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raumfahrt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoselend" title="Kosmoselend – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmoselend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Διαστημική πτήση – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαστημική πτήση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spaceflight" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_espacial" title="Vuelo espacial – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vuelo espacial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoflugo" title="Kosmoflugo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmoflugo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazio-hegaldi" title="Espazio-hegaldi – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espazio-hegaldi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پرواز فضایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرواز فضایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrikchh_urraan" title="Antrikchh urraan – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Antrikchh urraan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_spatial" title="Vol spatial – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vol spatial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romtefeart" title="Romtefeart – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romtefeart" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1seitilt" title="Spáseitilt – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spáseitilt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_espacial" title="Voo espacial – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Voo espacial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%B9%84%ED%96%89" title="우주 비행 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주 비행" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%BC%D5%AB%D5%B9%D6%84" title="Տիեզերական թռիչք – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիեզերական թռիչք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अंतरिक्ष उड़ान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरिक्ष उड़ान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_letovi" title="Svemirski letovi – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svemirski letovi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagluas_iti_limbang" title="Panagluas iti limbang – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panagluas iti limbang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbangan_antariksa" title="Penerbangan antariksa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penerbangan antariksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vola_spacial" title="Vola spacial – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vola spacial" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volo_spaziale" title="Volo spaziale – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volo spaziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="שיגור לחלל – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיגור לחלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კოსმოსური გაფრენა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსმოსური გაფრენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ғарыштану – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғарыштану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyj_efanvos" title="Neyj efanvos – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Neyj efanvos" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usafiri_wa_anga-nje" title="Usafiri wa anga-nje – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usafiri wa anga-nje" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatus_spatialis" title="Volatus spatialis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Volatus spatialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmiskais_lidojums" title="Kosmiskais lidojums – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kosmiskais lidojums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raumfaart" title="Raumfaart – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Raumfaart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Космосдин финиф – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Космосдин финиф" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrydis_%C4%AF_kosmos%C4%85" title="Skrydis į kosmosą – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skrydis į kosmosą" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruumdevaart" title="Ruumdevaart – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ruumdevaart" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgol_spazzial" title="Sgol spazzial – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sgol spazzial" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B0rrep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s" title="Űrrepülés – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Űrrepülés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="ശൂന്യാകാശയാത്ര – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശൂന്യാകാശയാത്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbangan_angkasa_lepas" title="Penerbangan angkasa lepas – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penerbangan angkasa lepas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="အာကာသပျံသန်းရေး – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာကာသပျံသန်းရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtevaart" title="Ruimtevaart – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruimtevaart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="宇宙飛行 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙飛行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Космосе вахар – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Космосе вахар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCmf%C3%A5rd" title="Rümfård – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rümfård" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2l_espaciau" title="Vòl espaciau – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vòl espaciau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" title="ਸਪੇਸ ਉਡਾਣ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਪੇਸ ਉਡਾਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="خلائی اڈاری – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلائی اڈاری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruumfohrt" title="Ruumfohrt – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruumfohrt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_kosmiczny" title="Lot kosmiczny – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lot kosmiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viagem_espacial" title="Viagem espacial – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viagem espacial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbor_spa%C8%9Bial" title="Zbor spațial – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zbor spațial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%94_%D0%BB%D1%97%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Космічноє лїтаня – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Космічноє лїтаня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82" title="Космический полёт – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космический полёт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflicht" title="Spaceflicht – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spaceflicht" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruumtefoart" title="Ruumtefoart – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruumtefoart" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluturimi_hap%C3%ABsinor" title="Fluturimi hapësinor – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fluturimi hapësinor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92" title="අභ්‍යවකාශ පියසැරි – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අභ්‍යවකාශ පියසැරි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spaceflight" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmick%C3%BD_let" title="Kozmický let – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kozmický let" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesoljski_polet" title="Vesoljski polet – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vesoljski polet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فڕینی بۆشایی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فڕینی بۆشایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Свемирски летови – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свемирски летови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_letovi" title="Svemirski letovi – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svemirski letovi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaruuslento" title="Avaruuslento – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avaruuslento" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglipad_sa_kalawakan" title="Paglipad sa kalawakan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paglipad sa kalawakan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="விண்வெளிப் பறப்பு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்வெளிப் பறப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Космик очышлар – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Космик очышлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การเดินอวกาศ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเดินอวกาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Парвози фазоӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Парвози фазоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay_yolculu%C4%9Fu" title="Uzay yolculuğu – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzay yolculuğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Космічний політ – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космічний політ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="خلائی پرواز – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلائی پرواز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%D9%85_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%DB%87%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="ئالەم ئايرۇپىلانى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالەم ئايرۇپىلانى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoslenduz" title="Kosmoslenduz – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kosmoslenduz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_h%C3%A0nh_kh%C3%B4ng_gian" title="Du hành không gian – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Du hành không gian" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglupad_ha_kalarakan" title="Paglupad ha kalarakan – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paglupad ha kalarakan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="航天" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1-%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="קאסמאס-פארן – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאסמאס-פארן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="太空飛行 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太空飛行" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuosm%C4%97nis_skr%C4%ABdis" title="Kuosmėnis skrīdis – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuosmėnis skrīdis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="航天" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5916#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romfart" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Romfart" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romfart"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romfart"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Romfart" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Romfart" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&oldid=24205156" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Romfart&id=24205156&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomfart"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomfart"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Romfart&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spaceflight" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5916" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Astronaut-1849401.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/250px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/375px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/500px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1573" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Romfarer" title="Romfarer">Romfarer</a> under en <a href="/wiki/Romvandring" title="Romvandring">romvandring</a> (fotomontasje)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Romfart</b> omfatter menneskers reise i rommet, det vil si blant annet planlegging, oppskytning, opphold og drift av <a href="/wiki/Romfart%C3%B8y" class="mw-redirect" title="Romfartøy">romfartøy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunstig_satellitt" title="Kunstig satellitt">satellitter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon">romstasjoner</a>. Den aktive tiden i romfarten blir populært kalt <a href="/wiki/Romalderen" title="Romalderen">Romalderen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Romalderen" title="Romalderen">Romalderen</a> startet offisielt da <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> skjøt opp verdens første <a href="/wiki/Kunstig_satellitt" title="Kunstig satellitt">satellitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a>, den <a href="/wiki/4._oktober" title="4. oktober">4. oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>. Siden da er tusenvis av forskjellige typer romfartøy blitt skutt opp, som finnes i mange forskjellige typer og med vidt forskjellige oppgaver. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romfartsforetak">Romfartsforetak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Romfartsforetak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Romfartsforetak"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et <a href="/wiki/Romfartsforetak" title="Romfartsforetak">romfartsforetak</a> er enten en organisasjon eller et selskap som driver innenfor romfartsnæringen. Det finnes flere slike foretak, dette er store nasjonale eller internasjonale, offentlig eller private organisasjoner og selskaper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mennesket har i uminnelige tider drømt og skrevet om å reise i rommet. Det gir seg blant annet uttrykk i en blomstrende science-fiction litteratur. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovskij" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovskij">Konstantin Tsiolkovskij</a> (1857–1935) fra Russland betraktes som romfartens far. I slutten av det 19. århundre beskrev han teknologien for å kunne reise i rommet, i særdeleshet rakettmotoren. </p><p>I USA eksperimenterte Robert Goddard (1888–1945) i 1920-tallet og 1930-tallet med raketter med flytende drivstoff, et arbeide som gikk forholdsvis ubemerket hen. </p><p>Den store praktiske utvikling fant sted i Tyskland under den 2. verdenskrig, hvor romalderen ble innledet 3. oktober 1942 med oppskytingen av en A4-rakett, forløperen for V2-raketten, fra Peenemünde under ledelse av Wernher von Braun. Utover den militære anvendelsen dannet den grunnlaget for raketten til bruk i romforskningen. </p><p>Den egentlige romalder startet den 4. oktober 1957 hvor <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a>, verdens første satellitt, ble skutt opp fra <a href="/wiki/Bajkonur_kosmodrom" title="Bajkonur kosmodrom">Bajkonur kosmodrom</a> i Sovjetunionen. Laika ble det første levende vesen i bane rundt jorden den 3. november 1957. Laika døde av overopphetning ca. 6 timer etter oppskytingen. Hvordan Laika døde ble holdt hemmelig av russerne frem til 2002. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bemannede_romferder_og_romfartøy"><span id="Bemannede_romferder_og_romfart.C3.B8y"></span>Bemannede romferder og romfartøy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bemannede romferder og romfartøy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bemannede romferder og romfartøy"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Første bemannede romferd fant sted den <a href="/wiki/12._april" title="12. april">12. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>. Det var den russiske kosmonauten <a href="/wiki/Jurij_Gagarin" title="Jurij Gagarin">Jurij A. Gagarin</a> som ble skutt opp i det sovjetiske romfartøyet <a href="/wiki/Vostok_1" title="Vostok 1">Vostok 1</a>. Ferden varte i bare 108 minutter og gikk en gang rundt jorden. Senere <a href="/wiki/Kosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmonaut">kosmonauter</a> har vært oppe i over ett år i ett strekk. </p><p>Kun amerikanske romfarere (astronauter) har reist så langt som til månen. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> og <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Edwin Aldrin</a> ble de to første av totalt 12 mennesker som foreløpig har gått på månens overflate. Ingen mennesker har reist lenger bort enn månen. </p><p>Hittil har rundt 433 personer vært med på romferder som har brakt dem i bane rundt jorden. Hver av disse romfarerne har i gjennomsnitt gjennomført omtrent to romferder (fra en til syv ferder hver). Bare Sovjet/Russland, USA og Kina har skutt opp egne bemannede romfartøy. Alle andre nasjoners romfarere har «haiket» med sovjetiske/russiske eller amerikanske romskip. </p><p>Følgende serier bemannede romfartøy har vært skutt opp (kronologisk rekkefølge for hver nasjon) </p><p>Sovjet/Russland: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-programmet" title="Vostok-programmet">Vostok</a> (6 stk.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod-programmet" title="Voskhod-programmet">Voskhod</a> (2 stk.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojuz-programmet" title="Sojuz-programmet">Sojuz</a> (ca. 100 stk.)</li></ul> <p>USA: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-programmet" title="Mercury-programmet">Mercury</a> (seks bemannede, fire i bane rundt jorden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini-programmet" title="Gemini-programmet">Gemini</a> (10 bemannede)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo-programmet" title="Apollo-programmet">Apollo</a> (15 bemannede, hvorav ni til månen, hvorav seks landet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romferge" title="Romferge">Romfergene</a> (5 stk, til sammen 113 oppskytinger)</li></ul> <p>Kinesisk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou-programmet" title="Shenzhou-programmet">Shenzhou</a> (fire ubemannede, to bemannede ferder hittil).</li></ul> <p>Alle de bemannede romfartøyene, med unntak av romfergene, lander i fallskjerm, enten i havet (amerikanerne), eller på land (russerne og kineserne). Romfergene glideflyr ned til en rullebane. </p><p>I tillegg har følgende romstasjoner blitt skutt opp: </p> <ul><li>Saljut 1-7 (Sovjetunionen),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab-programmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Skylab-programmet">Skylab</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> (Sovjetunionen/Russland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_internasjonale_romstasjonen" title="Den internasjonale romstasjonen">ISS</a> (International Space Station). Deltakere i ISS er USA, Russland, Japan, ESA (Europa), Canada og Brasil. ISS er den eneste romstasjon som er oppe nå.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_første_romferdene"><span id="De_f.C3.B8rste_romferdene"></span>De første romferdene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: De første romferdene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen De første romferdene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Første bemannede romferd var med <a href="/wiki/Vostok_1" title="Vostok 1">Vostok 1</a> den <a href="/wiki/12._april" title="12. april">12. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a></li> <li>Første amerikanske ferd i bane rundt jorden var med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercury 6 (ikke skrevet ennå)">Mercury 6</a> (også kalt Friendship 7) i februar 1962. Astronaut var <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_1" title="Voskhod 1">Voskhod 1</a>, skutt opp den 12. oktober 1964, var første romskip med mer enn én person (tre russere)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_2" title="Voskhod 2">Voskhod 2</a>, skutt opp 18. mars 1965, var første romferd hvor en av romfarerne forlot romfartøyet og «svevde» på utsiden av det, kun sikret med en line.</li> <li>Gemini ble skutt opp med to astronauter hver, mellom mars 1965 og november 1966. Med dette programmet fikk amerikanerne erfaringer som kom til nytte under Apollo-ferdene til månen, som møte- og sammenkobling i rommet, og ”spaserturer” utenfor romskipet.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apollo-programmet">Apollo-programmet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Apollo-programmet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Apollo-programmet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Apollo-programmet" title="Apollo-programmet">Apollo-programmet</a> </p> </div> <p>Apollo-prosjektet er det største og dyreste romfartsprosjekt noensinne. Amerikanerne satte det i gang for å «ta igjen» Sovjetunionen i romkappløpet. Sovjetunionen ledet etter Sputnik 1 i 1957 og i flere år videre, foran USA. Apollo-måneromskipene ble skutt opp med de 111 m høye og nesten 3000 tonn tunge Saturn 5-bærerakettene, de største raketter noensinne. </p><p>Turen fra jorden til månen tok fire døgn. Det var tre astronauter i hver Apollo. Etter at det hadde gått inn i bane rundt månen krøp to av astronautene over i Apollos månelandingsfartøy, som brakte dem ned på overflaten. Tredjemann ble igjen i moderfartøyet i bane rundt månen og ventet på at de andre skulle komme opp igjen, 1 – 3 dager senere. Turen tilbake til jorden tok to og et halvt døgn. </p><p>Apollo-romskipet hadde en masse på 45 tonn. Av dette utgjorde månelandingsfartøyet 15 tonn og kommandoseksjonen, den eneste delen som vendte tilbake til jorden, 5,8 tonn. Apollo-fartøy som bare ble sendt opp i bane rundt jorden veide 13 tonn, da disse var uten måneladningsfartøy (med unntak av Apollo 9) og kun hadde små mengder drivstoff om bord. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a>, skutt opp 21. desember 1968, var første bemannede ferd til månen, men de landet ikke.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, skutt opp 16. juli 1969, ble første bemannede månelanding. Landingen skjedde 20. juli 1969.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>, skutt opp 7. desember 1972 ble den foreløpig siste bemannede månelandingen.</li> <li>Etter måneferdene ble tre Apollo-romskip brukt til å frakte astronauter til og fra romstasjonen Skylab. Det siste ble brukt under ASTP-ferden i juli 1975, til å koble seg til det russiske romskipet Sojuz 19.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovjetunionens_bemannede_måneprogram"><span id="Sovjetunionens_bemannede_m.C3.A5neprogram"></span>Sovjetunionens bemannede måneprogram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sovjetunionens bemannede måneprogram" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sovjetunionens bemannede måneprogram"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sovjetunionen hadde to hemmelige bemannede måneprosjekter på gang på 1960- og begynnelsen av 1970-tallet. </p><p>Det ene skulle bare bringe kosmonauter rundt månen og tilbake til jorden. Romfartøyet hadde arbeidsbetegnelsen L-1 og skulle skytes opp med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton_(rakket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton (rakket) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Proton</a>-bæreraketter. Flere ubemannede ferder ble foretatt med disse romfartøyene, som da ble kalt Zond. Man tok i første omgang ikke sjansen på å plassere kosmonauter om bord. Den bemannede delen av prosjektet ble kansellert etter at amerikanerne kom Sovjetunionen i forkjøpet med Apollo 8s ferd rundt månen. </p><p>Et langt mer ambisiøst prosjekt gikk ut på å sende kosmonauter ned på månens overflate. Sovjetunionens «Apollo» het L-3, deres «Saturn 5» het N-1, og ble skutt opp som test fire ganger, uten mennesker om bord, mellom februar 1969 og november 1972. Alle de enorme N-1-rakettene eksploderte eller styrtet noen få sekunder eller minutter etter start. Prosjektet ble kansellert i 1974, til tross for at ingeniørene da mente de hadde løst de tekniske problemene. Men politikerne i Moskva hadde funnet ut at siden de ikke kom før amerikanerne kunne det være det samme med hele greia, og man bestemte seg for å rette ressursene mot romstasjonsprosjektene, hvor Sovjetunionen på de fleste områder kom til å ligge foran amerikanerne i over 20 år. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sojuz">Sojuz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sojuz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sojuz"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sojuz er nært beslektet med de kansellerte, bemannede L-1 og L-3 måneromskipene. Det er sendt opp rundt 100 sovjetiske eller russiske Sojuz-romskip siden det første i 1967, så å si alle med to eller tre personer om bord. Etter Sojuz 9 (juni 1970) har omtrent alle fraktet romfarere til og fra en romstasjon (Saljut, Mir eller ISS). Det er laget fem generasjoner Sojuz-romskip: </p> <ul><li>Sojuz (nr. 1-11)</li> <li>Sojuz (nr. 12-40)</li> <li>Sojuz T</li> <li>Sojuz TM</li> <li>Sojuz TMA.</li> <li>Sojuz TMA-M (2010-2016)</li> <li>Sojuz MS (2016-)</li></ul> <p>Sojuz TMA brukes i dag til og fra den internasjonale romstasjonen ISS. Sojuz-fartøy flyr vanligvis i rommet i seks måneder om gangen. Sojuz-fartøyene har masser på drøyt 7 tonn i bane rundt jorden. De benyttes opp til banehøyder på drøyt 400 km. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romferger">Romferger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Romferger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Romferger"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Romferge" title="Romferge">Romferge</a> </p> </div> <p>De amerikanske romfergene ble utviklet på 1970-tallet fordi man ønsket et romfartøy som kunne brukes flere ganger. Første romfergeoppskyting fant sted den 12. april 1981. Senere utviklet også Sovjetunionen romferger. Dette programmet ble senere nedlagt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romstasjoner">Romstasjoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Romstasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Romstasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon">Romstasjon</a> </p> </div> <p>Romstasjonene er større enn de andre romskipene (kanskje med unntak av romfergene) og skytes opp i bane rundt jorden uten mennesker om bord. De kretser rundt 350-450 km over jorden. Astronautene eller kosmonautene blir brakt til og fra romstasjonene med Sojuz-romskip eller med romfergene (Tre Apollo-skip ble brukt til og fra Skylab). Romstasjonene kan ikke vende tilbake til jorden. De brenner opp i atmosfæren når de faller ned. Romstasjoner brukes til å utføre eksperimenter i større antall og ikke minst av lengre varighet enn hva som er mulig i andre romfartøy. I 2020 sendte SpaceX den første bemannede raketten siden 2011 på amerikansk jord til den Internasjonale Romstasjonen (ISS) med Crew Dragon Demo-2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romfartsulykker">Romfartsulykker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Romfartsulykker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Romfartsulykker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fire sovjetiske kosmonauter har omkommet under romferder: Én i <a href="/wiki/Sojuz_1" title="Sojuz 1">Sojuz 1</a> i 1967 og tre i <a href="/wiki/Sojuz_11" title="Sojuz 11">Sojuz 11</a> i 1971. Tre amerikanere døde under en test av <a href="/wiki/Apollo_1" title="Apollo 1">Apollo 1</a> på bakken i januar 1967. </p><p>To ganger har det gått veldig galt med de amerikanske romfergene: Med <a href="/wiki/Challenger_(romferge)" title="Challenger (romferge)">Challenger</a> den 28. januar 1986 og med <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(romferge)" title="Columbia (romferge)">Columbia </a> den 1. februar 2003. Begge gangene ble romfergene helt ødelagt og alle syv romfarere i hver ferge døde. Challenger eksploderte under oppskytingsfasen, 71 sekunder etter start, Columbia gikk i oppløsning under tilbakevendingsfasen på grunn av en skade på varmeskjoldet. </p><p>I Kina, Sovjetunionen og Brasil har opptil flere titalls personer omkommet om gangen ved noen få ulykker hvor ubemannede raketter har eksplodert før eller like etter start. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rommedisin">Rommedisin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Rommedisin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Rommedisin"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moderne bemannet romfart ville ikke vært mulig uten kjennskap til hvordan mennesker påvirkes av eller kan beskyttes fra de ekstreme miljøfaktorene<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, inkludert akselerasjon og g-krefter, mikrogravitasjon (vektløshet), endringer i atmosfærisk trykk, ekstreme temperaturer, stråling, psykologiske stressorer eller begrenset tilgang til moderne medisinsk utstyr. Rommedisin eller romfartsmedisin er et spesialisert fagområde som inkluderer alle medisinske forhold som bidrar til sikkerhet og optimal ytelse innen menneskelig romfart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satellitter">Satellitter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Satellitter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Satellitter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hovedartikkel: <a href="/wiki/Kunstig_satellitt" title="Kunstig satellitt">Kunstig satellitt</a> </p><p>De fleste oppskytinger som finner sted er med satellitter som nyttelast. Det har vært skutt opp tusenvis av satellitter siden den første, Sovjetunionens Sputnik 1, ble skutt opp den 4. oktober 1957. De fleste satellittene som blir skutt opp nå for tiden er kommunikasjons- og kringkastingssatellitter, som eies av store, private selskaper. Offentlige organisasjoner som NASA eller ESA har som regel ingen ting med slike satellitter å gjøre. NASA eller ESA tar seg heller av vitenskapelige satellitter eller satellitter som skal teste ny teknologi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romsonder">Romsonder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Romsonder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Romsonder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hovedartikkel: <a href="/wiki/Romsonde" title="Romsonde">Romsonde</a> </p><p>Romsonder er ubemannede romfartøy som blir sendt ut av bane rundt jorden. De kan sendes til månen, planetene, eller bare i bane rundt solen. Hensikten er alltid å drive forskning, og alle sonder er utstyrt med flere typer vitenskapelige instrumenter. Men her, som innen mange andre områder av romvirksomhet, er også nasjonal prestisje en viktig drivkraft. Romsondeferder kan vare i flere år før det primære oppdraget er utført. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bæreraketter"><span id="B.C3.A6reraketter"></span>Bæreraketter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bæreraketter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bæreraketter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hovedartikkel: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rerakett" title="Bærerakett">Bærerakett</a> </p><p>Alle dagens bæreraketter består av mer enn ett trinn. Trinnene kastes av etter hvert som drivstofftankene blir tomme. Romfergen er det eneste romfartøy med elementer som brukes på flere ferder. De fleste bærerakettene veier flere hundre tonn ved start. Nyttelasten, dvs. satellitten eller romfartøyet som til slutt havnet i bane rundt jorden, har en masse i størrelsesorden 2-3 % av dette, ofte mindre (men ca. 5 % for hele romfergen). Ved oppsendelse til baner som krever mye energi, som geostasjonære baner, eller baner til andre planeter, utgjør nyttelasten oftest 1 % eller mindre av bærerakettens startmasse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sæhle, Terje (10. desember 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31823576">«[No journey to the moon without space medicine]»</a>. <i>Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke</i>. 18. 139. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0807-7096">0807-7096</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31823576">31823576</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4045%2Ftidsskr.19.0509">10.4045/tidsskr.19.0509</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 26. august 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ARomfart&rft.atitle=%5BNo+journey+to+the+moon+without+space+medicine%5D&rft.aufirst=Terje&rft.aulast=S%C3%A6hle&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0807-7096&rft.jtitle=Tidsskrift+for+Den+Norske+Laegeforening%3A+Tidsskrift+for+Praktisk+Medicin%2C+Ny+Raekke&rft.volume=139&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31823576&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4045%2Ftidsskr.19.0509&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31823576&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romfarer" title="Romfarer">Romfarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_romfartsorganisasjon" title="Den europeiske romfartsorganisasjon">Den europeiske romfartsorganisasjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronautopptaket_i_ESA_2021/2022" title="Astronautopptaket i ESA 2021/2022">Astronautopptaket i ESA 2021/2022</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romfart&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/">NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511162400/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/">Russian Space Web</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/">ESA</a> (Den europeiske romfartsorganisasjonen)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html">JAXA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321160909/http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html">Arkivert</a> 21. mars 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Den japanske romfartsorganisasjonen)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051030012005/http://www.romfart.no/">Norsk Astronautisk Forening</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romsenter.no/">Norsk romsenter</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romfart" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#c0d4it;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Romfart" title="Mal:Romfart"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Romfart" title="Maldiskusjon:Romfart"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Romfart" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Romfart"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romfart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romfart</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Komponenter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rerakett" title="Bærerakett">Bærerakett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon">Romstasjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romsonde" title="Romsonde">Romsonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstig_satellitt" title="Kunstig satellitt">Satellitt</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Astronaut-1849401.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romfarer"><img alt="Romfarer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/140px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/210px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Astronaut-1849401.jpg/280px-Astronaut-1849401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1573" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasjoner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statlige</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USAs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_union" title="Den europeiske union"><img alt="EUs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_romfartsorganisasjon" title="Den europeiske romfartsorganisasjon">ESA</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland"><img alt="Russlands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roskosmos" title="Roskosmos">Roskosmos</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina"><img alt="Kinas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kinas_nasjonale_romadministrasjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinas nasjonale romadministrasjon">CNSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canadas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale_canadienne" title="Agence spatiale canadienne">CSA</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="Indias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romfartsprogrammer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-programmet" title="Vostok-programmet">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojuz-programmet" title="Sojuz-programmet">Sojuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-programmet" title="Mercury-programmet">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini-programmet" title="Gemini-programmet">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo-programmet" title="Apollo-programmet">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romfergeprogrammet" title="Romfergeprogrammet">Romfergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou-programmet" title="Shenzhou-programmet">Shenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis-programmet" title="Artemis-programmet">Artemis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oppskytingssentre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan"><img alt="Kasakhstans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bajkonur_kosmodrom" title="Bajkonur kosmodrom">Bajkonur</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USAs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USAs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Space_Center" title="John F. Kennedy Space Center">KSC</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland"><img alt="Russlands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_kosmodrom" title="Plesetsk kosmodrom">Plesetsk</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Guyana" title="Fransk Guyana"><img alt="Fransk Guyanas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_guyanais" title="Centre spatial guyanais">Kourou</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina"><img alt="Kinas flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jiuquan_satellittutskytningssenter" title="Jiuquan satellittutskytningssenter">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="Indias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kjente <a href="/wiki/Romfarer" title="Romfarer">romfarere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurij_Gagarin" title="Jurij Gagarin">Jurij Gagarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Liwei" title="Yang Liwei">Yang Liwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Begreper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romfarer" title="Romfarer">Romfarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5nelanding" title="Månelanding">Månelanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romvandring" title="Romvandring">Romvandring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romkappl%C3%B8pet" title="Romkappløpet">Romkappløpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romtraktaten" title="Romtraktaten">Romtraktaten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Universet" title="Mal:Universet"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Universet" title="Maldiskusjon:Universet"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Universet" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Universet"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">Universet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Universet består av <a href="/wiki/Element%C3%A6rpartikkel" title="Elementærpartikkel">elementærpartikler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a>. Partiklene er fordelt ujevnt og partiklene og partikkelklynger benevnes forskjellig avhengig av <a href="/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet">tetthet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mengde" title="Mengde">mengde</a>; klyngene spenner fra <a href="/wiki/Subatom%C3%A6r_partikkel" title="Subatomær partikkel">subatomære partikler</a> til <a href="/wiki/Sort_hull" title="Sort hull">sorte hull</a>. <a href="/wiki/Det_observerbare_universet" title="Det observerbare universet">Det observerbare universet</a> er den delen av universet <a href="/wiki/Lys" title="Lys">lys</a> kan ha nådd oss fra siden universet ble skapt. Muligens inneholder universet kun 4 % <a href="/wiki/Lysende_materie" title="Lysende materie">lysende materie</a>, mens 22 % er <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8rk_materie" title="Mørk materie">mørk materie</a> og 74 % <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8rk_energi" title="Mørk energi">mørk energi</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">En <a href="/wiki/Mengde" title="Mengde">mengde</a> av partikkelklynger i <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a> er</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gass" title="Gass">Gass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Atmosfære">Atmosfære</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvind" title="Solvind">Solvind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjernevind" title="Stjernevind">Stjernevind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmisk_str%C3%A5ling" title="Kosmisk stråling">Kosmisk stråling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroidebeltet" title="Asteroidebeltet">Asteroidebeltet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjernehop" title="Stjernehop">Stjernehop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjernet%C3%A5ke" title="Stjernetåke">Stjernetåke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solsystemet" title="Solsystemet">Solsystemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetsystem" title="Planetsystem">Planetsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksehop" title="Galaksehop">Galaksehop</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg/200px-00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="271" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galakse" title="Galakse">Galakserelaterte</a> artikler</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aktiv_galaksekjerne" title="Aktiv galaksekjerne">Aktiv galaksekjerne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seyfert-galakse" title="Seyfert-galakse">Seyfert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvasar" title="Kvasar">Kvasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazar" title="Blazar">Blazar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkeveien" title="Melkeveien">Melkeveien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messierkatalogen" title="Messierkatalogen">Messierobjekt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stjernerelaterte artikler inkl. <a href="/wiki/Spektralklasse" title="Spektralklasse">spektralklasser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brun_dverg" title="Brun dverg">Brun dverg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvit_dverg" title="Hvit dverg">Hvit dverg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne">Stjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjempestjerne" title="Kjempestjerne">Kjempestjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8d_kjempe" title="Rød kjempe">Rød kjempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytronstjerne" title="Nøytronstjerne">Nøytronstjerne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rrat" title="Rrat">rrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">magnetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-stjerne" title="Q-stjerne">Q-stjerne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preonstjerne" title="Preonstjerne">preonstjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvarkstjerne" title="Kvarkstjerne">Kvarkstjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_hull" title="Sort hull">Sort hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stjernebegivenheter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetarisk_t%C3%A5ke" title="Planetarisk tåke">Planetarisk tåke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mindre himmellegemer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gasskjempe" title="Gasskjempe">Gasskjempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturlig_satellitt" title="Naturlig satellitt">Måne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">Komet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoritt" title="Meteoritt">Meteoritt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meteor" title="Meteor">meteor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvergplanet" title="Dvergplanet">Dvergplanet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroide" title="Asteroide">asteroide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5planet" title="Småplanet">småplanet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romfart</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romelevator" title="Romelevator">Romelevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romskip" title="Romskip">Romfartøy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romferge" title="Romferge">romferge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romskip" title="Romskip">romskip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romsonde" title="Romsonde">Romsonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon">Romstasjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romfarer" title="Romfarer">Romfarer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andre emner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himmelhvelving" title="Himmelhvelving">Himmelhvelving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himmellegeme" title="Himmellegeme">Himmellegeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturlig_satellitt" title="Naturlig satellitt">Satellitt (drabant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bane" title="Bane">Omløpsbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormehull" title="Ormehull">Ormehull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomi" title="Portal:Astronomi">Portal:Astronomi</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons-side"><img alt="Commons-side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/16px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Universe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Universe">Category:Universe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/rumfart">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/spaceflight">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4048574-2">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85125923">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/024473">HDS</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114985">NKC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romfart&oldid=24205156">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romfart&oldid=24205156</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Romfart" title="Kategori:Romfart">Romfart</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1000_artikler_enhver_Wikipedia_b%C3%B8r_ha" title="Kategori:1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha">1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_i_astronomiprosjektet" title="Kategori:Artikler i astronomiprosjektet">Artikler i astronomiprosjektet</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 17. jan. 2024 kl. 11:48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romfart&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-6zg9s","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.324","walltime":"0.421","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5644,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":87793,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9980,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":21990,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":6,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 339.335 1 -total"," 64.56% 219.068 4 Mal:Navboks"," 63.53% 215.576 4 Mal:Navbox"," 44.14% 149.789 1 Mal:Romfart"," 34.94% 118.579 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 17.32% 58.771 14 Mal:Flagg"," 12.57% 42.642 1 Mal:Kilde_artikkel"," 5.22% 17.708 21 Mal:Flagg/USA"," 4.00% 13.561 1 Mal:Universet"," 1.65% 5.610 14 Mal:Flagg/Kina"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.172","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5423521,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-64476968cd-lmwpb","timestamp":"20241102084216","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Romfart","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romfart","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5916","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5916","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-11T00:58:53Z","dateModified":"2024-01-17T10:48:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/64\/Astronaut-1849401.jpg","headline":"menneskets reise i rommet"}</script> </body> </html>