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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mobile+commerce" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_and_services_available" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_and_services_available"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Products and services available</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products_and_services_available-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Products and services available subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Products_and_services_available-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mobile_money_transfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_money_transfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mobile money transfer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_money_transfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_ticketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_ticketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mobile ticketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_ticketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_vouchers,_coupons_and_loyalty_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_vouchers,_coupons_and_loyalty_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_vouchers,_coupons_and_loyalty_cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Content_purchase_and_delivery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content_purchase_and_delivery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Content purchase and delivery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content_purchase_and_delivery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location-based_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location-based_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Location-based services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-based_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Information services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Mobile banking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_brokerage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_brokerage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Mobile brokerage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_brokerage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Auctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_browsing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_browsing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Mobile browsing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_browsing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_purchase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_purchase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Mobile purchase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_purchase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In-application_mobile_phone_payments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-application_mobile_phone_payments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>In-application mobile phone payments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In-application_mobile_phone_payments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_marketing_and_advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_marketing_and_advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Mobile marketing and advertising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_marketing_and_advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_youth_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_youth_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influence on youth markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_youth_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payment_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payment_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Payment methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Payment_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-App_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#App_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>App design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-App_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-App_commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#App_commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>App commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-App_commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_Device_Shopping_Trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_Device_Shopping_Trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mobile Device Shopping Trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_Device_Shopping_Trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile commerce</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="التجارة باستعمال الأجهزة المحمولة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التجارة باستعمال الأجهزة المحمولة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="মোবাইল কমার্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোবাইল কমার্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiln%C3%AD_komerce" title="Mobilní komerce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mobilní komerce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Commerce" title="Mobile Commerce – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mobile Commerce" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Commerce" title="M-Commerce – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="M-Commerce" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkataritza_mugikor" title="Merkataritza mugikor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Merkataritza mugikor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="تجارت همراه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تجارت همراه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Commerce" title="M-Commerce – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="M-Commerce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%BC_%EC%83%81%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98" title="모바일 상거래 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모바일 상거래" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%87%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Բջջային առևտուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջջային առևտուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdagangan_seluler" title="Perdagangan seluler – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdagangan seluler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mobile commerce" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mobile commerce" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="मोबाईल वित्तीय सेवाहरू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोबाईल वित्तीय सेवाहरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-commerce" title="M-commerce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="M-commerce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мобильная коммерция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мобильная коммерция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_m%E1%BA%A1i_%C4%91i_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Thương mại đi động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thương mại đi động" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99" title="行動商務 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="行動商務" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1154408#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Shopping_cart_icon.svg/84px-Shopping_cart_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="95" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Digital content</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Retail goods and services</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_auction" title="Online auction">Auctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_banking" title="Online banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-by-mail" title="DVD-by-mail">DVD-by-mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_food_ordering" title="Online food ordering">Food ordering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_grocer" title="Online grocer">Grocery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_marketplace" title="Online marketplace">Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_pharmacy" title="Online pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ride-hailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_website" title="Travel website">Travel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Online shopping</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_shopping_website" title="Comparison shopping website">Comparison shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_commerce" title="Social commerce">Social commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_trading_community" title="Online trading community">Trading communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_wallet" title="Online wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile commerce</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_centre" title="Call centre">Call centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_desk" title="Help desk">Help desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Live support software</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/E-procurement" title="E-procurement">E-procurement</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Purchase-to-pay" title="Purchase-to-pay">Purchase-to-pay</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Super-app" title="Super-app">Super-apps</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:E-commerce" title="Template:E-commerce"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:E-commerce" title="Template talk:E-commerce"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:E-commerce" title="Special:EditPage/Template:E-commerce"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The term <b>mobile commerce</b> was originally coined in 1997 by Kevin Duffey at the launch of the Global Mobile Commerce Forum, to mean "the delivery of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic commerce">electronic commerce</a> capabilities directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, via <a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> technology."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many choose to think of Mobile Commerce as meaning "a retail outlet in your customer’s pocket." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile</a> commerce is worth US$800 billion, with Asia representing almost half of the market. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Global Mobile Commerce Forum, which came to include over 100 organisations, had its fully minuted launch in London on 10 November 1997. Kevin Duffey was elected as the Executive Chairman at the first meeting in November 1997. The meeting was opened by Dr Mike Short, former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> Association, with the very first forecasts for mobile commerce from Kevin Duffey (Group Telecoms Director of <a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">Logica</a>) and Tom Alexander (later CEO of <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a> and then of Orange). Over 100 companies joined the Forum within a year, many forming mobile commerce teams of their own, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">MasterCard</a> and Motorola. Of these one hundred companies, the first two were Logica and <a href="/wiki/Cellnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellnet">Cellnet</a> (which later became O2). Member organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, Apple, <a href="/wiki/Alcatel_(mobile_device_brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatel (mobile device brand)">Alcatel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> began a series of trials and collaborations. </p><p>Mobile commerce services were first delivered in 1997, when the first two mobile-phone-enabled <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> vending machines were installed in the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> area in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. The machines accepted payment via <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> text messages. This work evolved into several new mobile applications such as the first mobile phone-based banking service launched in 1997 by <a href="/wiki/Merita_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Merita Bank">Merita Bank of Finland</a>, also using SMS. <a href="/wiki/Finnair" title="Finnair">Finnair</a> mobile check-in was also a major milestone, first introduced in 2001. </p><p>The m-Commerce(tm) server developed in late 1997 by Kevin Duffey and Andrew Tobin at Logica won the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> award for "most innovative mobile product," in a solution implemented with De La Rue, Motorola and Logica.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Financial Times commended the solution for "turning mobile commerce into a reality."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The trademark for m-Commerce was filed on 7 April 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, the first sales of digital content as downloads to mobile phones were made possible when the first commercial downloadable <a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtones</a> were launched in Finland by <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Elisa_Oyj" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisa Oyj">Elisa Oyj</a>). </p><p>Two major national commercial platforms for mobile commerce were launched in 1999: Smart Money in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/I-Mode" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Mode">i-Mode</a> Internet service in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. i-Mode offered a revenue-sharing plan where NTT DoCoMo kept 9 per cent of the fee users paid for content, and returned 91 percent to the content owner. </p><p>Mobile-commerce-related services spread rapidly in early 2000. <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> launched mobile parking payments. <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> offered train ticketing via mobile devices. <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> offered mobile purchases of airline tickets. </p><p>In April 2002, building on the work of the Global Mobile Commerce Forum (GMCF), the <a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute" title="European Telecommunications Standards Institute">European Telecommunications Standards Institute</a> (ETSI) appointed Joachim Hoffmann of Motorola to develop official standards for mobile commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In appointing Mr Hoffman, ETSI quoted industry analysts as predicting "that m-commerce is poised for such an exponential growth over the next few years that could reach US$200 billion by 2004".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008, UCL Computer Science and <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Bentley" title="Peter J. Bentley">Peter J. Bentley</a> demonstrated the potential for medical applications on mobile devices.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cellular_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular phone">cellular phones</a> have become so popular that many businesses<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (August 2010)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> are beginning to use mobile commerce as a more efficient way to communicate with their customers. </p><p>In order to exploit the potential mobile commerce market, mobile phone manufacturers such as Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, and <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> are working with carriers such as AT&T Wireless and Sprint to develop <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a>-enabled smartphones. Smartphones offer fax, e-mail, and phone capabilities. </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Profitability" class="mw-redirect" title="Profitability">Profitability</a> for device vendors and carriers hinges on high-end mobile devices and the accompanying killer applications," said Burchett.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2010)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> Perennial early adopters, such as the youth market, which are the least price sensitive, as well as more open to premium mobile content and applications, must also be a key target for device vendors. </p><p>Since the launch of the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> in 2007, mobile commerce has moved away from SMS systems and into actual applications. SMS has significant <a href="/wiki/Security_vulnerabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Security vulnerabilities">security vulnerabilities</a> and congestion problems, even though it is widely available and accessible. In addition, improvements in the capabilities of modern mobile devices make it prudent to place more of the resource burden on the mobile device. </p><p>Unlike online banking using bank websites, mobile banking allows a smaller number of operations based on short messages or applications installed on mobile devices. At present, it is estimated that by 2022, the number of customers adopting mobile banking will increase to 2 billion, and banks are investing more and more in improving mobile applications to improve security and customer satisfaction.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, <a href="/wiki/Brick_and_mortar_business" class="mw-redirect" title="Brick and mortar business">brick and mortar business</a> owners, and <a href="/wiki/Big-box_store" title="Big-box store">big-box retailers</a> in particular, have made an effort to take advantage of mobile commerce by utilizing a number of mobile capabilities such as <a href="/wiki/Location-based_service" title="Location-based service">location-based services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader#Cell_phone_cameras" title="Barcode reader">barcode scanning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Push_Notification_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Push Notification Service">push notifications</a> to improve the customer experience of shopping in physical stores. By creating what is referred to as a 'bricks & clicks' environment, physical retailers can allow customers to access the common benefits of shopping online (such as product reviews, information, and coupons) while still shopping in the physical store. This is seen as a bridge between the gap created by e-commerce and in-store shopping, and is being utilized by physical retailers as a way to compete with the lower prices typically seen through online retailers. By mid summer 2013, "omnichannel" retailers (those with significant e-commerce and in-store sales) were seeing between 25% and 30% of traffic to their online properties originating from mobile devices. Some other pure play/online-only retail sites (especially those in the travel category) as well as flash sales sites and deal sites were seeing between 40% and 50% of traffic (and sometimes significantly more) originate from mobile devices. </p><p>The Google Wallet Mobile App<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched in September 2011 and the m-Commerce joint venture formed in June 2011 between Vodafone, O2, Orange and T-Mobile are recent developments of note.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reflecting the importance of m-Commerce, in April 2012 the Competition Commissioner of the European Commission ordered an in-depth investigation of the m-Commerce joint venture between Vodafone, O2, Orange and T-Mobile.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent survey states that 2012, 41% of smartphone customers have purchased retail products with their mobile devices.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_and_services_available">Products and services available</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Products and services available"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_money_transfer">Mobile money transfer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mobile money transfer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> money transfer is mainly done through the use of mobile phones. This was an initiative of a multimillion-shillings company in Kenya named Safaricom. Currently, the companies involved are Safaricom and Airtel. Mobile <a href="/wiki/Money_transmitter" title="Money transmitter">money transfer services</a> in Kenya are now provided by the two companies under the names M-PESA and Airtel Money respectively. </p><p>A similar system called <a href="/wiki/MobilePay" title="MobilePay">MobilePay</a> has been operated by <a href="/wiki/Danske_Bank" title="Danske Bank">Danske Bank</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> since 2013. It gained considerable popularity with about 1.6 million users by mid-2015. Another similar system called <a href="/wiki/Vipps" title="Vipps">Vipps</a> was introduced in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> in 2015. </p><p>Mobile automated teller machine (ATM) is a special type of ATM. Most ATMs are meant to be stationary, and they're often found attached to the side of financial institutions, in stores, and in malls. A mobile ATM, on the other hand, is meant to be moved from location to location. This type of ATM is often found at special events for which ATM service is only needed temporarily. For example, they may be found at carnivals, fairs, and parades. They may also be used at seminars and workshops where no regular ATM is nearby. </p><p>Mobile ATMs are usually self-contained units that don't need a building or enclosure. Usually, a mobile ATM can be placed in just about any location and can transmit transaction information wirelessly, so there's no need to have a phone line handy. Mobile ATMs may, however, require access to an electrical source, though there are some capable of running on alternative sources of power. Often, these units are constructed of weather-resistant materials, so they can be used in practically any type of weather conditions. Additionally, these machines typically have internal heating and air conditioning units that help keep them functional despite the temperature of the environment.ion of mobile money services for the unbanked, operators are now looking for efficient ways to roll out and manage distribution networks that can support cash-in and cash-out. Unlike traditional ATMs, sicap Mobile ATMs have been specially engineered to connect to mobile money platforms and provide bank-grade ATM quality. In Hungary, Vodafone allows cash or bank card payments for monthly phone bills.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarian market is one where direct debits are not standard practice, so the facility eases the burden of queuing for the postpaid half of Vodafone's subscriber base in Hungary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_ticketing">Mobile ticketing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mobile ticketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Mobile ticketing</a></div> <p>Tickets can be sent to mobile phones using a variety of technologies. Users are then able to use their tickets immediately, by presenting their mobile phone at the ticket check as a digital boarding pass. Most numbers of users are now moving towards this technology. The best example would be <a href="/wiki/IRCTC" class="mw-redirect" title="IRCTC">IRCTC</a> where the ticket comes as an SMS to users. New technology such as <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">RFID</a> can now be used to directly provide a single association digital ticket via the mobile device hardware associated with relevant software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_vouchers,_coupons_and_loyalty_cards"><span id="Mobile_vouchers.2C_coupons_and_loyalty_cards"></span>Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mobile ticketing technology can also be used for the distribution of vouchers, coupons, and loyalty cards. These items are represented by a virtual token that is sent to the mobile phone. A customer presenting a mobile phone with one of these tokens at the <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> receives the same benefits as if they had the traditional token. Stores may send coupons to customers using <a href="/wiki/Location-based_service" title="Location-based service">location-based services</a> to determine when the customer is nearby. Using a connected device and the networking effect can also allow for gamification within the shopping experience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content_purchase_and_delivery">Content purchase and delivery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Content purchase and delivery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, mobile content purchase and delivery mainly consist of the sale of ring-tones, wallpapers, apps, and games for mobile phones. The convergence of mobile phones, portable audio players, and video players into a single device is increasing the purchase and delivery of full-length music tracks and videos. The download speeds available with <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> networks make it possible to buy a movie on a mobile device in a couple of seconds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location-based_services">Location-based services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Location-based services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Location-based_service" title="Location-based service">Location-based service</a></div> <p>The location of the mobile phone user is an important piece of information used during mobile commerce or m-commerce transactions. Knowing the location of the user allows for <a href="/wiki/Location-based_service" title="Location-based service">location-based services</a> such as: </p> <ul><li>Local discount offers</li> <li>Local weather</li> <li>Tracking and monitoring of people</li> <li>Data-driven mashups targeting at a hyper-local level</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_services">Information services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Information services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide variety of information services can be delivered to mobile phone users in much the same way as it is delivered to PCs. These services include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticker_tape" title="Ticker tape">Stock quotes</a></li> <li>Sports scores</li> <li>Financial records</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic reporting</a></li> <li>Emergency Alerts</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Location_Based_Notifications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Location Based Notifications (page does not exist)">Location Based Notifications</a></li></ul> <p>Customized traffic information, based on a user's actual travel patterns, can be sent to a mobile device. This customized data is more useful than a generic traffic-report broadcast but was impractical before the invention of modern mobile devices due to the <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_banking">Mobile banking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mobile banking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Mobile banking</a></div> <p>Banks and other financial institutions use mobile commerce to allow their customers to access account information and make transactions, such as purchasing stocks, and remitting money. This service is often referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">mobile banking</a></i>, or m-banking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_brokerage">Mobile brokerage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mobile brokerage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stock market services offered via mobile devices have also become more popular and are known as Mobile Brokerage. They allow the subscriber to react to market developments in a timely fashion and irrespective of their physical location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auctions">Auctions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Auctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the past three years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2010)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_reverse_auction" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile reverse auction">mobile reverse auction</a> solutions have grown in popularity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (August 2010)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> Unlike traditional auctions, the reverse auction (or low-bid auction) bills the consumer's phone each time they place a bid. Many mobiles <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> commerce solutions rely on a one-time purchase or one-time subscription; however, reverse auctions offer a high return for the mobile vendor as they require the consumer to make multiple transactions over a long period of time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_browsing">Mobile browsing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mobile browsing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_browser" title="Mobile browser">Mobile browser</a></div> <p>Using a mobile browser—a <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> browser on a mobile device—customers can shop online without having to be at their personal computer. Many <a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">mobile marketing</a> apps with geo-location capability are now delivering user-specific marketing messages to the right person at the right time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_purchase">Mobile purchase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mobile purchase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catalog_merchants" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog merchants">Catalog merchants</a> can accept orders from customers electronically, via the customer's mobile device. In some cases, the merchant may even deliver the catalog electronically, rather than mailing a paper catalog to the customer. Consumers making mobile purchases can also receive value-add <a href="/wiki/Upselling" title="Upselling">upselling</a> services and offers. Some merchants provide <a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">mobile web</a> sites that are customized for the smaller screen and limited user interface of a mobile device. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In-application_mobile_phone_payments">In-application mobile phone payments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In-application mobile phone payments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Payments can be made directly inside an application running on a popular smartphone operating system, such as Google Android. Analyst firm Gartner expects in-application purchases to drive 41 percent of app store (also referred to as mobile software distribution platforms) revenue in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In-app purchases can be used to buy <a href="/wiki/Virtual_goods" title="Virtual goods">virtual goods</a>, new and other mobile content and is ultimately billed by mobile carriers rather than the app stores themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ericsson's IPX mobile commerce system is used by 120 mobile carriers to offer payment options such as try-before-you-buy, rentals and subscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_marketing_and_advertising">Mobile marketing and advertising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mobile marketing and advertising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Mobile marketing</a></div> <p>In the context of mobile commerce, <b>mobile marketing</b> refers to marketing sent to mobile devices. Companies have reported that they see better responses from mobile marketing campaigns than from traditional campaigns. The primary reason for this is the instant nature of customer decision-making that mobile apps and websites enable. The consumer can receive a marketing message or discount coupon and, within a few seconds, make a decision to buy and go on to complete the sale - without disrupting their current real-world activity. </p><p>For example, a busy mom tending to her household chores with a baby in her arm could receive a marketing message on her mobile about baby products from a local store. She can and within a few clicks, place an order for her supplies without having to plan ahead for it. No more need to reach for her purse and hunt for credit cards, no need to log into her laptop and try to recall the web address of the store she visited last week, and surely no need to find a babysitter to cover for her while she runs to the local store. </p><p>Research demonstrates that consumers of mobile and wireline markets represent two distinct groups who are driven by different values and behaviors, and who exhibit dissimilar psychographic and demographic profiles.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What aspects truly distinguish between a traditional online shopper from home and a mobile on-the-go shopper? Research shows that how individuals relate to four situational dimensions- place, time, social context and control determine to what extent they are ubiquitous or situated as consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These factors are important in triggering m-commerce from e-commerce. As a result, successful mobile commerce requires the development of marketing campaigns targeted to these particular dimensions and according to user segments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_youth_markets">Influence on youth markets<span class="anchor" id="Mobile_Commerce's_Influence_on_Youth_Markets"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Influence on youth markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mobile media is a rapidly changing field. New technologies, such as <a href="/wiki/WiMax" class="mw-redirect" title="WiMax">WiMax</a>, act to accelerate innovation in mobile commerce. Early pioneers in mobile advertising include <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange (telecommunications)">Orange</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SK_Telecom" title="SK Telecom">SK Telecom</a>. An empirical study shows that over 70% of mobile commerce users are under the age of 25, as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobile devices are heavily used in South Korea to conduct mobile commerce. Mobile companies in South Korea believed that mobile technology would become synonymous with the youth lifestyle, based on their experience with previous generations of South Koreans. "Profitability for device vendors and carriers hinges on high-end mobile devices and the accompanying killer applications," said Daniel Longfield.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payment_methods">Payment methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Payment methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Mobile payment</a></div> <p>Consumers can use many forms of payment in mobile commerce, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">Contactless payment</a> for in-person transactions through a mobile phone (such as <a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Apple Pay</a> or <a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(payment_method)" title="Google Pay (payment method)">Google Pay</a>). In a system like <a href="/wiki/EMV" title="EMV">EMV</a>, these are interoperable with contactless credit and debit cards.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium-rate_telephone_number" title="Premium-rate telephone number">Premium-rate telephone numbers</a>, which apply charges to the consumer's long-distance bill</li> <li>Mobile-Operator Billing allows charges to be added to the consumer's mobile telephone bill, including deductions to pre-paid calling plans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">debit cards</a> <ul><li>Some providers allow credit cards to be stored in a phone's <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> or secure element</li> <li>Some providers are starting to use <a href="/wiki/Host_card_emulation" title="Host card emulation">host card emulation</a>, or HCE (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Google_Wallet" title="Google Wallet">Google Wallet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softcard" title="Softcard">Softcard</a>)</li> <li>Some providers store <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a> or <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">debit card</a> information in the cloud; usually in <a href="/wiki/Tokenization_(data_security)" title="Tokenization (data security)">tokenized</a>. With tokenization, payment verification, authentication, and authorization are still required, but payment card numbers don't need to be stored, entered, or transmitted from the mobile device</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropayment" title="Micropayment">Micropayment</a> services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stored-value_card" title="Stored-value card">Stored-value cards</a>, often used with mobile-device application stores or music stores (e.g. iTunes)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="App_design">App design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: App design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction design</a> and <a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">UX design</a> has been at the core of the m-commerce experience from its conception, producing apps and mobile web pages that create highly usable interactions for users.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, much debate has occurred as to the focus that should be given to the apps. In recent research, Parker and Wang<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> demonstrated that within <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a> m-Commerce apps, the degree that the app helps the user shop (increasing convenience) was the most prominent function. Such use examples might be through design cues that help the user find their products with minimal search.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, shopping for others was a motivator for engaging in m-commerce apps with a great preference for close integration with <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>. Research shows that culture makes a significant difference in people's motivation to engage in shopping, where Western consumers - for example - have significantly different motivations to Chinese consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="App_commerce">App commerce</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: App commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The popularity of apps has given rise to the latest iteration of mobile commerce: app commerce. This refers to retail transactions that take place on a native mobile app. App commerce is said to perform better than both desktop and mobile web when it comes to browsing duration and interactions.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftBizBlog_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftBizBlog-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Average order value is reportedly greater with retail apps than traditional ecommerce, and conversion rates on apps are twice that of mobile websites.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftBizBlog_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftBizBlog-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mobile_Device_Shopping_Trends">Mobile Device Shopping Trends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mobile Device Shopping Trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mobile applications serve as a means to ensure positive user experience, seamless interaction, and increased revenues for e-commerce. According to DesignRush report,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mobile applications are expected to generate $189 billion by 2020. Moreover, a study by Forrester shows that mobile devices will be leveraged to facilitate over $1 trillion in sales in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Mobile banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce_service_provider" title="Mobile commerce service provider">Mobile commerce service provider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dial_code" title="Mobile dial code">Mobile dial code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Mobile marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Mobile payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Mobile ticketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Mobile app</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_commerce&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist 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New Delhi, India: 38–45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Pacific+Tech+Monitor&rft.atitle=From+electronic+to+mobile+commerce%3A+opportunities+through+technology+convergence+for+business+services&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=38-45&rft.date=2006-09%2F2006-10&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Rajnish&rft.au=Buse%2C+Stephan&rft.au=Herstatt%2C+Cornelius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.global-innovation.net%2Fpublications%2FPDF%2FAPTM2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+commerce" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarold2012" class="citation web cs1">Harold, Dory (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609122920/http://www.appsbee.com/phone-app-developer.php">"Theories of mobile commerce apps development"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appsbee.com/phone-app-developer.php">the original</a> on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theories+of+mobile+commerce+apps+development&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Harold&rft.aufirst=Dory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appsbee.com%2Fphone-app-developer.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+commerce" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillman2012" class="citation book cs1">Hillman; et al. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br />networks</a>,<br />protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><b>Digital</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br />specific<br /><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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