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class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"></div></div><article><div class="l"><div class="l"><span class="l"></span><section><div><div class="fs gi gj gk gl gm"></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div><h1 id="52fe" class="pw-post-title gs gt gu bf gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu bk" data-testid="storyTitle">The best office coffee you’ll ever have.</h1><div><div class="speechify-ignore ab cp"><div class="speechify-ignore bh l"><div class="hv hw hx hy hz ab"><div><div class="ab ia"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a rel="noopener follow" href="/@root.vc?source=post_page---byline--6fe9e190c2d2--------------------------------"><div class="l ib ic by id ie"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Avidan Ross" class="l fd by dd de cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/0*VelptGRmrK6hws43.jpeg" width="44" height="44" loading="lazy" data-testid="authorPhoto"/><div class="if by l dd de 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aria-label="Listen" data-testid="audioPlayButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mf an ao ap ex mg mh lv mi mj mk ml mm s mn mo mp mq mr ms mt u mu mv mw"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 12a9 9 0 1 1 18 0 9 9 0 0 1-18 0m9-10C6.477 2 2 6.477 2 12s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S17.523 2 12 2m3.376 10.416-4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1-.777-.416V8.934a.5.5 0 0 1 .777-.416l4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .832" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div class="j i d"><p class="bf b bg z du">Listen</p></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-labelledby="postFooterSocialMenu"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-controls="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Share Post" data-testid="headerSocialShareButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mf an ao ap ex mg mh lv mi mj mk 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bk">This week, my book <a class="af nv" href="http://www.phaidon.com/store/food-cook/where-to-drink-coffee-9780714873923/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="nw">Where to Drink Coffee</em></a> was published by Phaidon Books. If you’ve met me, it’s obvious within the first 30 seconds that I am a coffee nerd.</p><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div class="nx ny nz"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1200/format:webp/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 1200w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 600px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1200/1*ZGyRP-IU9g8MK-pz85mxOQ.jpeg 1200w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 600px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="600" height="900" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></figure><p id="d523" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">I am also a DIY electronics junkie. Past projects have included a live-tweeting BBQ smoker and an industrial pizza oven with superchargers. When I build stuff, it’s often in the pursuit the most consistent and high quality food and drink possible. My latest project has been a closed-loop espresso machine hack in pursuit of the perfect espresso shot.</p></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><div class="oa ob oc od oe ab kv"><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*4qRzELd2Bp0vy6_1ol4imQ.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></figure><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*zjobMrStbZT84BrN4Wl42A.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du oz fj pa pb">The Root Ventures espresso machine, before and after.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><figure class="lr of oo op paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*dXCigFDa7bLQINNl3JggPQ.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="1000" height="750" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">Espresso cups from NASA’s <a class="af nv" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/2029.html" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Capillary Beverage</a> experiment.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="6fe0" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Here is the challenge: when most baristas pull a “shot” of espresso, they simply use a measuring cup to identify 2 fluid ounces of espresso. As anyone who loves espresso knows, the same volume of espresso doesn’t remain consistent because crema — the foam on every shot — can vary widely. Volume is not the best way to measure a shot of espresso.</p><p id="269c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Walk into enough serious cafes and you will notice that the baristas are using scales in every step of the process. What coffee experts have discovered is that mass is a much more accurate measure for pulling consistent espresso shots (if you want a deep technical analysis, <a class="af nv" href="http://www.lamarzoccousa.com/blog/ben-kaminsky-barista-vs-volumetrics/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">this post by Ben Kaminski</a> is the most rigorous analysis I’ve seen). When you ask a roaster for a “recipe” on a specific roast, they will respond with something along the lines of “18 grams in, 27 seconds, 35 grams out”. They can state recipes this way because nearly everyone standardizes their machines to 201°F and 9 bars of pressure. This leaves grind size as the only variable for a barista to tweak.</p><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div class="nx ny pd"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:480/format:webp/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 480w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 240px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:480/1*qHk1df5gda-dsNleMZVQ1A.png 480w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 240px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="240" height="120" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">With temperature, pressure, mass of beans, and shot time fixed as inputs by the recipe, the only variable input is grind size. The output is mass.</figcaption></figure><p id="89aa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Unfortunately, unless you have this <a class="af nv" href="https://www.espressoparts.com/index.php/la-marzocco-linea-pb-3-group-av-automatic-espresso-machine?gclid=CjwKCAjw7frPBRBVEiwAuDf_LVVeX8V2WoypOxSRinlje-hEwz0YKt49lu88rptUzsheTbOTgYFmNhoC4YYQAvD_BwE" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">$18k machine</a>, you’ll never get a <a class="af nv" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">closed loop</a> mass-to-shot-time system. It became clear that our office espresso machine needed some serious modding.</p><p id="f28f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">We started out with a great machine, a La Marzocco GS3 from eBay that need some TLC. However, the principal of this hack can be applied to just about any high quality espresso machine.</p><p id="815f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">The plan was to override the manual “make espresso” button and instead send commands to the machine based on the real time mass of the espresso. The first thing we needed was a microcontroller with wifi connectivity. Thankfully, the open-source <a class="af nv" href="http://particle.io" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Particle Photon</a> was ready to use with a robust web-based IDE and firmware manager (we are also one of their largest investors, along with <a class="af nv" href="https://medium.com/spark-capital" rel="noopener">Spark Capital</a>).</p><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pe"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="700" height="934" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">Disassembling the GS3</figcaption></figure><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pf"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="700" height="468" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">The Particle Photon is a wifi micro-controller ready to go out-of-box with a web IDE.</figcaption></figure><p id="6a23" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">With a microcontroller selected, the next step was finding a way to measure the output of the espresso feedback loop: mass. Unfortunately, the GS3 has no mass sensors (although La Marzocco’s high-end cafe models do). We needed a precise scale that we could pull digital data off of. Here we were aided by our friends at <a class="af nv" href="https://acaia.co" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Acaia</a>, makers of the <a class="af nv" href="https://acaia.co/products/acaia-lunar-1" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Lunar </a>— an awesome water-resistant digital scale. Acaia provided us the communication spec of the Lunar for this project, enabling us to measure and transmit the real time mass of an espresso shot over bluetooth.</p><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pe"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*l31wMGplHsbsF3KYxZs4OQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="700" height="934" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">The Acaia Lunar allowed us to measure output for our feedback loop.</figcaption></figure><p id="452a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">To receive data from the scale, we used an <a class="af nv" href="http://www.enzytek.com/goodModBle.html" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">EnzyTek bluetooth module</a>. With the espresso-feedback-loop-output (mass) measured, transmitted, and received, the final hardware step was controlling the espresso machine itself.</p><p id="34de" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Initially we thought we would jack into the GS3’s interal debug RS232 port and reverse-engineer its digital commands, but after some port-sniffing we realized we were over-complicating the solution. We could simply mechanically emulate a press of the “make espresso” button and then emulate a stop signal when the espresso was done. The addition of a basic relay to the Particle allowed us to this.</p></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><div class="oa ob oc od oe ab kv"><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*gAFWLHV9gIeFHdc07W4aJg.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></figure><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*6VK9lfsZ9r_6wTAkFRqP_g.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du oz fj pa pb">Reverse engineering the GS3 controller with help from David Young @ <a class="af nv" href="http://www.youngcircuitdesigns.com/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Young Circuit Designs</a>.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><figure class="lr of oo op paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*BoiX1wiGlJSzqUTaX6tcKQ.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="1000" height="750" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">There were a surprising amount of electronics inside the GS3.</figcaption></figure><figure class="lr of oo op paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*zo5aYYk76qhWjY0zYM2Rzg.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="1000" height="750" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">Isolating the two cables that allowed us to emulate “make espresso” button presses.</figcaption></figure><figure class="lr of oo op paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*dhfWksZTLfXTfD8aKuDLFQ.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="1000" height="750" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">The Particle (left), mechanical relay (center), and bluetooth module (right) wired to USB power and the GS3’s button wires.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="3e1c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">With the hardware done, it was time for some custom firmware to tie the GS3, the Acaia, and the relay together. The Particle Photon’s web IDE made this almost trivial compared to other micro-controller projects. Via a web API we exposed on the Particle, we are able to initiate a “smart brew” with a single argument: target output mass.</p></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of oo op paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="1000" height="750" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">Flashing firmware over wifi using Particle’s web IDE.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="b6c2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">When we run our “smart brew” function, the firmware emulates a “make espresso” button press; the mass of the espresso shot is then continuously sensed by the Acaia scale and sent to our firmware. The firmware waits until the shot has reached the target mass, and then shuts off the machine. The function then reports the amount of time used to pull the shot to the target mass. If the target mass is achieved faster than the recipe specifies, we need to adjust the coffee grinds finer; If it takes too long, we loosen the grind. The result: an espresso shot created based on realtime mass instead of water volume, which better matches the roaster’s recipe.</p></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><div class="oa ob oc od oe ab kv"><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*ma_T3L87iXVbqyqYdOxRtg.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></figure><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*yS_N5Mx5kgunIPWJdOSKuA.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du oz fj pa pb">Side note: we also machined custom bamboo panels for the GS3.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="52c2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">With our API controlled GS3, we are more precise with our shots and closer to our goal achieving a fully closed-loop espresso. The human-in-the-loop step that remains in our system is grind adjustment. The operator still has to manually interpret the shot time compared to the recipe and adjust the grinder accordingly. As you can imagine, the next part of this project is to send instructions to a custom controller and motor on the grinder to adjust the grind automatically based on output mass and time!</p></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of oo op paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><div class="nx ny pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/format:webp/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*kbNCwBnZP9hS6QILLUqm_A.jpeg 2000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 1000px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="1000" height="750" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du">Disassembling our grinder.</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="of"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz oh ma oi mb oj cf ok cg ol ci bh"><div class="ab kv"><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*EmymVqjK4cmCQ81QRKOGxw.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></figure><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/1*AbSFBETE28jSvhVzVvKhLQ.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px"/><img alt="" class="bh me og c" width="500" height="3024" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="ov ff ow nx ny ox oy bf b bg z du oz fj pa pb">Making cold brew and grinding with a hacked drill while we disassemble our coffee machine and grinder.</figcaption></figure></div><div class="ab kv"><figure class="lr of om on oo op oq paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="or os fj ot bh ou"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 500px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*G2OubehCvMYtPPSXySBq7w.jpeg 786w, 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srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1000/format:webp/1*C2M-negycLFU-4bo5gWo-A.jpeg 1000w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 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Past projects have included a live-tweeting BBQ smoker and an industrial pizza oven with superchargers. When I build stuff, it’s often in the pursuit the most consistent and high quality food and drink possible. 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As anyone who loves espresso knows, the same volume of espresso doesn’t remain consistent because crema — the foam on every shot — can vary widely. Volume is not the best way to measure a shot of espresso.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_8","name":"269c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Walk into enough serious cafes and you will notice that the baristas are using scales in every step of the process. What coffee experts have discovered is that mass is a much more accurate measure for pulling consistent espresso shots (if you want a deep technical analysis, this post by Ben Kaminski is the most rigorous analysis I’ve seen). When you ask a roaster for a “recipe” on a specific roast, they will respond with something along the lines of “18 grams in, 27 seconds, 35 grams out”. 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It became clear that our office espresso machine needed some serious modding.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":36,"end":48,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.espressoparts.com\u002Findex.php\u002Fla-marzocco-linea-pb-3-group-av-automatic-espresso-machine?gclid=CjwKCAjw7frPBRBVEiwAuDf_LVVeX8V2WoypOxSRinlje-hEwz0YKt49lu88rptUzsheTbOTgYFmNhoC4YYQAvD_BwE","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":69,"end":80,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFeedback","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_11","name":"f28f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"We started out with a great machine, a La Marzocco GS3 from eBay that need some TLC. However, the principal of this hack can be applied to just about any high quality espresso machine.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_12","name":"815f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"The plan was to override the manual “make espresso” button and instead send commands to the machine based on the real time mass of the espresso. The first thing we needed was a microcontroller with wifi connectivity. Thankfully, the open-source Particle Photon was ready to use with a robust web-based IDE and firmware manager (we are also one of their largest investors, along with Spark Capital).","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":245,"end":260,"href":"http:\u002F\u002Fparticle.io","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":383,"end":396,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fspark-capital","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg","originalHeight":4032,"originalWidth":3024,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_13","name":"a4f9","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*ooXY32M9F5EiA1FSOT_EkA.jpeg"},"text":"Disassembling the GS3","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg","originalHeight":1367,"originalWidth":2048,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_14":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_14","name":"70cf","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*upN_Hnok4va7lI2IV9NJpg.jpeg"},"text":"The Particle Photon is a wifi micro-controller ready to go out-of-box with a web IDE.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_15":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_15","name":"6a23","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"With a microcontroller selected, the next step was finding a way to measure the output of the espresso feedback loop: mass. Unfortunately, the GS3 has no mass sensors (although La Marzocco’s high-end cafe models do). We needed a precise scale that we could pull digital data off of. Here we were aided by our friends at Acaia, makers of the Lunar — an awesome water-resistant digital scale. 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With the espresso-feedback-loop-output (mass) measured, transmitted, and received, the final hardware step was controlling the espresso machine itself.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":43,"end":67,"href":"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.enzytek.com\u002FgoodModBle.html","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_18":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_18","name":"34de","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Initially we thought we would jack into the GS3’s interal debug RS232 port and reverse-engineer its digital commands, but after some port-sniffing we realized we were over-complicating the solution. We could simply mechanically emulate a press of the “make espresso” button and then emulate a stop signal when the espresso was done. 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The Particle Photon’s web IDE made this almost trivial compared to other micro-controller projects. Via a web API we exposed on the Particle, we are able to initiate a “smart brew” with a single argument: target output mass.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg","originalHeight":3024,"originalWidth":4032,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_25":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_25","name":"ef35","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"OUTSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*6fjz0foK50HJMjoytFg4kA.jpeg"},"text":"Flashing firmware over wifi using Particle’s web IDE.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:a91378a055_26":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"a91378a055_26","name":"b6c2","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"When we run our “smart brew” function, the firmware emulates a “make espresso” button press; the mass of the espresso shot is then continuously sensed by the Acaia scale and sent to our firmware. The firmware waits until the shot has reached the target mass, and then shuts off the machine. The function then reports the amount of time used to pull the shot to the target mass. If the target mass is achieved faster than the recipe specifies, we need to adjust the coffee grinds finer; If it takes too long, we loosen the grind. 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