Nowcasting the next hour of rain

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta content="initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, width=device-width" name="viewport"> <title>Nowcasting the next hour of rain - Google DeepMind</title> <meta name="description" content="Our lives are dependent on the weather. At any moment in the UK, according to one study, one third of the country has talked about the weather in the past hour, reflecting the importance of..."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nowcasting the next hour of rain"> <meta property="og:description" content="Our lives are dependent on the weather. At any moment in the UK, according to one study, one third of the country has talked about the weather in the past hour, reflecting the importance of..."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w1200-h630-n-nu"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Google DeepMind"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Nowcasting the next hour of rain"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Our lives are dependent on the weather. At any moment in the UK, according to one study, one third of the country has talked about the weather in the past hour, reflecting the importance of..."> <meta property="twitter:image:src" content="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w1600-h900-n-nu"> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@GoogleDeepMind"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Google DeepMind Blog" href="/blog/rss.xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/productlogos/google_deepmind/v3/web-96dp/logo_google_deepmind_color_2x_web_96dp.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="32x32" href="/static/icons/google_deepmind_32dp.c67bb05568f4.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="16x16" href="/static/icons/google_deepmind_16dp.52cc3dfbfeb1.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="any" href="/static/icons/google_deepmind_alldp.63e20eacc8f4.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/static/icons/google_deepmind_48dp.5b470587fe7d.svg"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans&family=Google+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,700;1,400;1,500;1,700&family=Google+Sans+Text:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,700;1,400;1,500;1,700&display=swap" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans&family=Google+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,700;1,400;1,500;1,700&family=Google+Sans+Text:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,700;1,400;1,500;1,700&display=swap"> <link href="https://www.gstatic.com/glue/cookienotificationbar/cookienotificationbar.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/main.min.967260dae836.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/static/gemini.min.545f21a94c76.css" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body class="glue-body gdm no-js no-in-view gdm--light" style=""> <header class="glue-header glue-header--no-cta gdm-header"> <a href="#content" class="glue-header__link glue-header__skip-content"> Jump to Content </a> <div class="glue-header__bar glue-header__bar--mobile"> <div class="glue-header__tier"> <div class="glue-header__container"> <div class="glue-header__lock-up"> <div class="glue-header__hamburger"> <button class="glue-header__drawer-toggle-btn" aria-label="Open the navigation drawer"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#menu"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="gdm-header__search-wrapper gdm-header__search-wrapper--mobile"> <div class="glue-header__logo"> <a class="glue-header__logo-link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/"> <div class="glue-header__logo-container"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden">Google</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-header__logo-svg" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#google-logo-adjustable"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="glue-header__logo--product">DeepMind</span> </a> </div> <div class="gdm-header__search-container"> <form action="/search/" method="get" role="search" class="gdm-header__search-form"> <div class="glue-form__element"> <label class="mdc-text-field mdc-text-field--outlined glue-text-field mdc-text-field--with-leading-icon mdc-text-field--no-label" data-mdc-auto-init="MDCTextField"> <span class="gdm-header__search-label" id="search-mobile-label">Search...</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon material-icons mdc-text-field__icon mdc-text-field__icon--leading gdm-header__icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#search"></use> </svg> <input class="mdc-text-field__input" name="query" type="text" id="search-mobile" autocomplete="off" maxlength="320" placeholder="Search..." aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="search-mobile-autocomplete" aria-labelledby="search-mobile-label" > <span class="mdc-notched-outline"> <span class="mdc-notched-outline__leading"></span> <span class="mdc-notched-outline__trailing"></span> </span> </label> </div> <div class="gdm-header__autocomplete"> <ul class="gdm-autocomplete__list" id="search-mobile-autocomplete" aria-labelledby="search-mobile" aria-live="polite"></ul>  </div> </form> <a aria-controls="search-mobile" class="glue-header__link gdm-header__icon-button gdm-header__toggle-button" data-hide-label="Close search" data-show-label="Open search" href="/search"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden gdm-header__search-text">Search</span> <span class="glue-visually-hidden gdm-header__close-text">Close</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px gdm-header__search-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#search"></use> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px gdm-header__close-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#close"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="gdm-header__gemini gdm-header__gemini--mobile"> <a aria-label="Chat with Gemini" class="glue-header__link gdm-header__icon-button" href="https://gemini.google.com/?utm_source=deepmind.google&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=gdm&utm_content=" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/icons/icons.4f32e13e021e.svg#gemini"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-header__bar glue-header__bar--desktop glue-header__drawer"> <div class="glue-header__tier"> <div class="glue-header__container"> <div class="glue-header__lock-up"> <div class="glue-header__logo"> <a class="glue-header__logo-link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/"> <div class="glue-header__logo-container"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden">Google</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-header__logo-svg" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#google-logo-adjustable"></use> </svg> </div> <span class="glue-header__logo--product">DeepMind</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-header__container glue-header__stepped-nav"> <div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-container"> <div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls" data-glue-steppednav-label="$glue_steppednav_label$, Navigate back to parent menu, $glue_steppednav_label$ opened"> <div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-arrow"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#chevron-left"></use> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--arrow-forward glue-icon--18px glue-header__stepped-nav-subnav-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-title glue-header__link"></div> </div> </div> <div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-menus"></div> </div> <div class="glue-header__container glue-header__container--linkbar gdm-header__search-wrapper gdm-header__search-wrapper--desktop"> <nav class="glue-header__link-bar"> <ul class="glue-header__list"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> About <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__expand" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> <ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Learn about Google DeepMind </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our mission is to build AI responsibly to benefit humanity </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/responsibility-safety/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Responsibility & Safety </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>We want AI to benefit the world, so we must be thoughtful about how it’s built and used </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/education/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Education </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our vision is to help make the AI ecosystem more representative of society </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/careers/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Careers </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Many disciplines, one common goal </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Research <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__expand" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> <ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> View Research </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>We work on some of the most complex and interesting challenges in AI. </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/breakthroughs/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Breakthroughs </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Explore some of the biggest innovations in AI </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/publications/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Publications </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Explore a selection of our recent research </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Technologies <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__expand" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> <ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> View Technologies </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Solving the world’s most complex challenges </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Gemini <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__expand" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>The most general and capable AI models we've ever built </span> </span> </a> <ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Gemini models </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>The Gemini family of models are the most general and capable AI models we've ever built. </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/ultra/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Ultra </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our largest model for highly complex tasks. </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/pro/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Pro </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our best model for general performance across a wide range of tasks. </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/flash/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Flash </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our lightweight model, optimized for speed and efficiency. </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/nano/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Nano </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our most efficient model for on-device tasks. </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/project-astra/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Project Astra </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>A universal AI agent that is helpful in everyday life </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/imagen-3/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Imagen </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our highest quality text-to-image model </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/veo/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Veo </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our most capable generative video model </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/alphafold/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> AlphaFold <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__expand" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Accelerating breakthroughs in biology with AI </span> </span> </a> <ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/alphafold/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Overview </strong> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/alphafold/impact-stories/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Impact stories </strong> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> AlphaFold Database <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#open-in-new"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/alphafold/alphafold-server/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> AlphaFold Server </strong> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/synthid/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> SynthID </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Identifying AI-generated content </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="glue-header__item glue-header__item--active"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/" aria-current="page"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Discover <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__expand" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> <ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested"> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> View Discover </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Discover our latest breakthroughs and see how we’re shaping the future </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item glue-header__item--active"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/blog/" aria-current="page"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Blog </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Discover our latest AI breakthroughs, projects, and updates </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/events/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Events </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Meet our team and learn more about our research </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/the-podcast/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> The Podcast </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Uncover the extraordinary ways AI is transforming our world </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="gdm-header__search-container"> <form action="/search/" method="get" role="search" class="gdm-header__search-form"> <div class="glue-form__element"> <label class="mdc-text-field mdc-text-field--outlined glue-text-field mdc-text-field--with-leading-icon mdc-text-field--no-label" data-mdc-auto-init="MDCTextField"> <span class="gdm-header__search-label" id="search-desktop-label">Search...</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon material-icons mdc-text-field__icon mdc-text-field__icon--leading gdm-header__icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#search"></use> </svg> <input class="mdc-text-field__input" name="query" type="text" id="search-desktop" autocomplete="off" maxlength="320" placeholder="Search..." aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="search-desktop-autocomplete" aria-labelledby="search-desktop-label" > <span class="mdc-notched-outline"> <span class="mdc-notched-outline__leading"></span> <span class="mdc-notched-outline__trailing"></span> </span> </label> </div> <div class="gdm-header__autocomplete"> <ul class="gdm-autocomplete__list" id="search-desktop-autocomplete" aria-labelledby="search-desktop" aria-live="polite"></ul>  </div> </form> <div class="glue-header__supplemental"> <a aria-controls="search-desktop" class="glue-header__link gdm-header__icon-button gdm-header__toggle-button" data-hide-label="Close search" data-show-label="Open search" href="/search"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden gdm-header__search-text">Search</span> <span class="glue-visually-hidden gdm-header__close-text">Close</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px gdm-header__search-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#search"></use> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px gdm-header__close-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#close"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gdm-header__gemini gdm-header__gemini--desktop"> <a aria-label="Chat with Gemini" class="glue-header__link gdm-header__icon-button" href="https://gemini.google.com/?utm_source=deepmind.google&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=gdm&utm_content=" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/icons/icons.4f32e13e021e.svg#gemini"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <nav aria-hidden="true" aria-label="About" class="gdm-header__dropdown" data-toggle-href="/about/"> <div class="gdm-header__dropdown-inner"> <ul class="glue-header__list"> <li class="glue-header__item gdm-header__dropdown-view-all"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Learn about Google DeepMind <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--arrow-forward glue-icon--18px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/responsibility-safety/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Responsibility & Safety </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>We want AI to benefit the world, so we must be thoughtful about how it’s built and used </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/education/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Education </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our vision is to help make the AI ecosystem more representative of society </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/about/careers/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Careers </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Many disciplines, one common goal </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="gdm-header__featured"> <p class="gdm-header__featured-title glue-label">Latest posts</p> <ul class="gdm-header__featured-items glue-no-bullet"> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="https://blog.google/technology/google-deepmind/alphaqubit-quantum-error-correction/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">AlphaQubit tackles one of quantum computing’s biggest challenges</strong> <time datetime="2024-11-20" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">20 November 2024</time> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__featured-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#open-in-new"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="https://blog.google/technology/ai/ai-science-forum-2024/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/013uzey1mkIgSCsLZ_PieJORMUI5F6yviXI7baiAmkEf8FF1-TC8TMVNY7GY67dejQ8sKtPDJTEbCb_KSaSgdknavAHiqRnd3V1i9fkE4yzBS1R-IA=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/013uzey1mkIgSCsLZ_PieJORMUI5F6yviXI7baiAmkEf8FF1-TC8TMVNY7GY67dejQ8sKtPDJTEbCb_KSaSgdknavAHiqRnd3V1i9fkE4yzBS1R-IA=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/013uzey1mkIgSCsLZ_PieJORMUI5F6yviXI7baiAmkEf8FF1-TC8TMVNY7GY67dejQ8sKtPDJTEbCb_KSaSgdknavAHiqRnd3V1i9fkE4yzBS1R-IA=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">The AI for Science Forum: A new era of discovery</strong> <time datetime="2024-11-18" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">18 November 2024</time> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__featured-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#open-in-new"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Research" class="gdm-header__dropdown" data-toggle-href="/research/"> <div class="gdm-header__dropdown-inner"> <ul class="glue-header__list"> <li class="glue-header__item gdm-header__dropdown-view-all"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> View Research <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--arrow-forward glue-icon--18px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/breakthroughs/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Breakthroughs </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Explore some of the biggest innovations in AI </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/research/publications/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Publications </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Explore a selection of our recent research </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="gdm-header__featured"> <p class="gdm-header__featured-title glue-label">Latest research posts</p> <ul class="gdm-header__featured-items glue-no-bullet"> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="https://blog.google/technology/google-deepmind/alphaqubit-quantum-error-correction/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">AlphaQubit tackles one of quantum computing’s biggest challenges</strong> <time datetime="2024-11-20" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">20 November 2024</time> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__featured-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#open-in-new"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/blog/how-alphachip-transformed-computer-chip-design/"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Y_xdq8eqcQlZXYk-MZ2OWPpppmWG6LAQ8DZ-LZFUh8TV5s2TBb3RK_VkMUe-skRzIop5aP6Ot9xPMWFaWmenz55EwxVFCMszpTg2EzsyOd6ftlllGyE=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Y_xdq8eqcQlZXYk-MZ2OWPpppmWG6LAQ8DZ-LZFUh8TV5s2TBb3RK_VkMUe-skRzIop5aP6Ot9xPMWFaWmenz55EwxVFCMszpTg2EzsyOd6ftlllGyE=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Y_xdq8eqcQlZXYk-MZ2OWPpppmWG6LAQ8DZ-LZFUh8TV5s2TBb3RK_VkMUe-skRzIop5aP6Ot9xPMWFaWmenz55EwxVFCMszpTg2EzsyOd6ftlllGyE=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">How AlphaChip transformed computer chip design</strong> <time datetime="2024-09-26" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">26 September 2024</time> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Technologies" class="gdm-header__dropdown" data-toggle-href="/technologies/"> <div class="gdm-header__dropdown-inner"> <ul class="glue-header__list"> <li class="glue-header__item gdm-header__dropdown-view-all"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> View Technologies <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--arrow-forward glue-icon--18px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Gemini </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>The most general and capable AI models we've ever built </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/project-astra/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Project Astra </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>A universal AI agent that is helpful in everyday life </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/imagen-3/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Imagen </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our highest quality text-to-image model </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/veo/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Veo </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Our most capable generative video model </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/alphafold/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> AlphaFold </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Accelerating breakthroughs in biology with AI </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/technologies/synthid/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> SynthID </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Identifying AI-generated content </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="gdm-header__featured"> <p class="gdm-header__featured-title glue-label">Latest technology posts</p> <ul class="gdm-header__featured-items glue-no-bullet"> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/blog/pushing-the-frontiers-of-audio-generation/"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DRHQSDQtYAEPTDVRAH3gkibfEPdd3JpphY4SLLqk5chpiqzR5nLmAL7GkXkTRPXwoSVLSfhj3FQoLjgELpAflJ3CDEU-XtbTl7_MelbnghTkzC3n=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DRHQSDQtYAEPTDVRAH3gkibfEPdd3JpphY4SLLqk5chpiqzR5nLmAL7GkXkTRPXwoSVLSfhj3FQoLjgELpAflJ3CDEU-XtbTl7_MelbnghTkzC3n=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DRHQSDQtYAEPTDVRAH3gkibfEPdd3JpphY4SLLqk5chpiqzR5nLmAL7GkXkTRPXwoSVLSfhj3FQoLjgELpAflJ3CDEU-XtbTl7_MelbnghTkzC3n=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">Pushing the frontiers of audio generation</strong> <time datetime="2024-10-30" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">30 October 2024</time> </a> </li> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/blog/new-generative-ai-tools-open-the-doors-of-music-creation/"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/7CWJ9fVeC97FrWgcispxyms9gTL_1PIDMIwBYTQNnU8S56JaxGB2Z4ThqZ-1vBTO-u-UBZg_cYhG8PtZjYP0rPabUbg5x2cCUnNJuiZAZBsE8u7Kvig=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/7CWJ9fVeC97FrWgcispxyms9gTL_1PIDMIwBYTQNnU8S56JaxGB2Z4ThqZ-1vBTO-u-UBZg_cYhG8PtZjYP0rPabUbg5x2cCUnNJuiZAZBsE8u7Kvig=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/7CWJ9fVeC97FrWgcispxyms9gTL_1PIDMIwBYTQNnU8S56JaxGB2Z4ThqZ-1vBTO-u-UBZg_cYhG8PtZjYP0rPabUbg5x2cCUnNJuiZAZBsE8u7Kvig=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">New generative AI tools open the doors of music creation</strong> <time datetime="2024-10-23" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">23 October 2024</time> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Discover" class="gdm-header__dropdown" data-toggle-href="/discover/"> <div class="gdm-header__dropdown-inner"> <ul class="glue-header__list"> <li class="glue-header__item gdm-header__dropdown-view-all"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> View Discover <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--arrow-forward glue-icon--18px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </strong> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/blog/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Blog </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Discover our latest AI breakthroughs, projects, and updates </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/events/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> Events </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Meet our team and learn more about our research </span> </span> </a> </li><li class="glue-header__item"> <a class="glue-header__link" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="/discover/the-podcast/"> <span class="gdm-header__link-inner"> <strong class="gdm-header__title"> The Podcast </strong> <span class="gdm-header__description"> <span class="glue-visually-hidden"> — </span>Uncover the extraordinary ways AI is transforming our world </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="gdm-header__featured"> <p class="gdm-header__featured-title glue-label">Latest posts</p> <ul class="gdm-header__featured-items glue-no-bullet"> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="https://blog.google/technology/google-deepmind/alphaqubit-quantum-error-correction/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5E3cNGtS0t4rKlZ1BYBXU93xYwONyYQqIpmY-askDQ9jpTPVb-JH20Gk3wxcMdokGY2ygzjj_crFIy-MYFY-VnekgQVzbSs0Y64AwejEChybPTie8A=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">AlphaQubit tackles one of quantum computing’s biggest challenges</strong> <time datetime="2024-11-20" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">20 November 2024</time> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__featured-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#open-in-new"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a class="glue-header__link gdm-header__featured-item" data-gtm-tag="header-selection" href="https://blog.google/technology/ai/ai-science-forum-2024/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <picture class="picture gdm-header__featured-image"> <source type="image/webp" width="264" height="156" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/013uzey1mkIgSCsLZ_PieJORMUI5F6yviXI7baiAmkEf8FF1-TC8TMVNY7GY67dejQ8sKtPDJTEbCb_KSaSgdknavAHiqRnd3V1i9fkE4yzBS1R-IA=w264-h156-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/013uzey1mkIgSCsLZ_PieJORMUI5F6yviXI7baiAmkEf8FF1-TC8TMVNY7GY67dejQ8sKtPDJTEbCb_KSaSgdknavAHiqRnd3V1i9fkE4yzBS1R-IA=w528-h312-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="156" loading="lazy" role="presentation" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/013uzey1mkIgSCsLZ_PieJORMUI5F6yviXI7baiAmkEf8FF1-TC8TMVNY7GY67dejQ8sKtPDJTEbCb_KSaSgdknavAHiqRnd3V1i9fkE4yzBS1R-IA=w264-h156-n-nu" width="264"> </picture> <strong class="gdm-header__title">The AI for Science Forum: A new era of discovery</strong> <time datetime="2024-11-18" class="glue-label gdm-header__featured-date">18 November 2024</time> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--18px gdm-header__featured-icon" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#open-in-new"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="glue-header__drawer-backdrop gdm-header__backdrop" data-label="Close the navigation drawer"></div> </header> <div class="gdm-header-scrolling"></div> <main id="content" class=""> <article> <div class="glue-page bookmark"> <div class="article-cover article-cover--centered"> <div class="article-cover__header"> <p class="article-cover__eyebrow glue-label">Research</p> <h1 class="article-cover__title glue-headline glue-headline--headline-2">Nowcasting the next hour of rain</h1> <dl class="article-cover__meta"> <dt class="glue-visually-hidden">Published</dt> <dd class="article-cover__date glue-label"><time datetime="2021-09-29">29 September 2021</time></dd> <dt class="glue-visually-hidden">Authors</dt> <dd class="article-cover__authors"><p data-block-key="620ie">The Nowcasting Team</p></dd> </dl> <div class="article-cover__ctas"> <section class="glue-social glue-social--zippy share share--centered" data-glue-expansion-panel-expand-tooltip="Share: Expand to see social channels" data-glue-expansion-panel-collapse-tooltip="Share: Hide social channels" id="share-df9a959a-a9ad-4e95-9457-105f58524168"> <div class="glue-social__group"> <h2 class="glue-social__title glue-social__title--zippy glue-social__title--inline glue-expansion-panel__button"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--social glue-social__share-icon glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#share"></use> </svg> Share </h2> <ul class="glue-social__list" role="list"> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--social glue-icon--color-facebook glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#post-facebook"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=https%3A//deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/" title="Share on X" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--social glue-icon--color-x glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#x"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A//deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/&mini=true" title="Share on LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--social glue-icon--color-linkedin glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#post-linkedin"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" href="mailto:?subject=Nowcasting%20the%20next%20hour%20of%20rain&body=https%3A//deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/" title="Share via Email" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--color-sharemail glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#email"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <div class="glue-social__popover"> <div class="glue-social__icon-trigger" aria-label="Get shareable link" title="Get shareable link" id="share-df9a959a-a9ad-4e95-9457-105f58524168-trigger"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--social glue-icon--color-sharelink glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#link"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="glue-social__dialog" id="share-df9a959a-a9ad-4e95-9457-105f58524168-dialog"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--social glue-icon--color-sharelink glue-icon--24px" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#link"></use> </svg> <div class="glue-social__copy" glue-copy-success="Copied to clipboard" glue-copy-fail="Press Ctrl+C or ⌘+C to copy"> <input class="glue-social__copy-input" readonly="" type="text" value="https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/nowcasting-the-next-hour-of-rain/" aria-label="URL"> <button class="glue-social__copy-btn" id="share-df9a959a-a9ad-4e95-9457-105f58524168-copy">Copy link</button> </div> <div aria-label="Close" class="glue-social__close-btn"> × </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <picture class="picture article-cover__image"> <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="1072" height="603" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w1072-h603-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w2144-h1206-n-nu-rw 2x" /><source media="(min-width: 600px)" type="image/webp" width="928" height="522" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w928-h522-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w1856-h1044-n-nu-rw 2x" /><source type="image/webp" width="528" height="297" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w528-h297-n-nu-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w1056-h594-n-nu-rw 2x" /> <img alt="An abstract image of a black umbrella, open in front of a blue and purple background. There are binary code ones and zeros raining down onto the umbrella." class="picture__image" height="603" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/jZlSz_naSrsOTxZoKjlp1R8r2G9nwlfluq7H0G-p4FjM9pKduEUBqJrRHVdCtDTMfqa8bqvqmUlppGuJWQ352W3On9O-gj2PmgpZaJ5h6Wul2MJz=w1072-h603-n-nu" width="1072"> </picture> </div> <div class="gdm-rich-text rich-text"> <p data-block-key="7lhn1">Our lives are dependent on the weather. At any moment in the UK, according to <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20151214-why-do-brits-talk-about-the-weather-so-much" rel="noopener" target="_blank">one study</a>, one third of the country has talked about the weather in the past hour, reflecting the importance of weather in daily life. Amongst weather phenomena, rain is especially important because of its influence on our everyday decisions. Should I take an umbrella? How should we route vehicles experiencing heavy rain? What safety measures do we take for outdoor events? Will there be a flood?</p><p data-block-key="fa4h1"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03854-z" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Our latest research</a> and state-of-the-art model advances the science of <a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/bulletin/nowcasting-guidelines-%E2%80%93-summary" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Precipitation Nowcasting</a>, which is the prediction of rain (and other precipitation phenomena) within the next 1-2 hours. In a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03854-z" rel="noopener" target="_blank">paper</a> written in collaboration with the Met Office and published in Nature, we directly tackle this important <a href="https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/about/challenges/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">grand challenge</a> in weather prediction. This collaboration between environmental science and AI focuses on value for decision-makers, opening up new avenues for the nowcasting of rain, and points to the opportunities for AI in supporting our response to the challenges of decision-making in an environment under constant change.</p><h2 data-block-key="bqsgv">Short-term weather predictions</h2><p data-block-key="uzh39">Throughout history, the prediction of weather has held a place of importance for our communities and countries. <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/medieval-meteorology/12DCC7DA683729A4E520C76ADCF6502D" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Medieval meteorologists</a> began by using the stars to make predictions. Slowly, tables recording seasons and rain patterns started to be kept. Centuries later, Lewis Fry imagined a ‘<a href="https://www.emetsoc.org/resources/rff/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Forecast Factory</a>’ that used computation and the physical equations of the atmosphere to predict global weather. In this evolving book of weather prediction, we now add a story on the role of machine learning for forecasting.</p><p data-block-key="1qh3u">Today’s weather predictions are driven by powerful <a href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/how-forecasts-are-made/computer-models/history-of-numerical-weather-prediction" rel="noopener" target="_blank">numerical weather prediction</a> (NWP) systems. By solving physical equations, NWPs provide essential planet-scale predictions several days ahead. However, they struggle to generate high-resolution predictions for short lead times under two hours. Nowcasting fills the performance gap in this crucial time interval.</p><p data-block-key="ac3f8">Nowcasting is essential for sectors like water management, agriculture, aviation, emergency planning, and <a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/wefo/25/6/2010waf2222417_1.xml" rel="noopener" target="_blank">outdoor events</a>. Advances in weather sensing have made high-resolution radar data–which measures the amount of precipitation at ground level–available at high frequency (e.g., every 5 mins at 1 km resolution). This combination of a crucial area where existing methods struggle and the availability of high-quality data provides the opportunity for machine learning to make its contributions to nowcasting.</p> </div> <figure class="single-media single-media--inline" aria-labelledby="single-media-b8dc4fe0-23c1-4ba7-be7d-8abaa68d2919-figcaption"> <div class="single-media__media"> <picture class="picture"> <source media="(min-width: 600px)" type="image/webp" width="616" height="260" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G7Mme3feI5oKhXJHL9sdCzzdnHz74aH--Yyz1g3Anmu7pstvGjuGlf7E5-8ktMYiL7o1kDQUteFudi9O1FcBqCDzrPJfCWRIeqa5dDan5JPLWnsG=w616-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G7Mme3feI5oKhXJHL9sdCzzdnHz74aH--Yyz1g3Anmu7pstvGjuGlf7E5-8ktMYiL7o1kDQUteFudi9O1FcBqCDzrPJfCWRIeqa5dDan5JPLWnsG=w1232-rw 2x" /><source type="image/webp" width="528" height="223" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G7Mme3feI5oKhXJHL9sdCzzdnHz74aH--Yyz1g3Anmu7pstvGjuGlf7E5-8ktMYiL7o1kDQUteFudi9O1FcBqCDzrPJfCWRIeqa5dDan5JPLWnsG=w528-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G7Mme3feI5oKhXJHL9sdCzzdnHz74aH--Yyz1g3Anmu7pstvGjuGlf7E5-8ktMYiL7o1kDQUteFudi9O1FcBqCDzrPJfCWRIeqa5dDan5JPLWnsG=w1056-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="260" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G7Mme3feI5oKhXJHL9sdCzzdnHz74aH--Yyz1g3Anmu7pstvGjuGlf7E5-8ktMYiL7o1kDQUteFudi9O1FcBqCDzrPJfCWRIeqa5dDan5JPLWnsG=w616" width="616"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="single-media__caption" id="single-media-b8dc4fe0-23c1-4ba7-be7d-8abaa68d2919-figcaption"> <p data-block-key="tke23">Past 20 mins of observed radar are used to provide probabilistic predictions for the next 90 mins using a Deep Generative Model of Rain (DGMR).</p> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="gdm-rich-text rich-text"> <h2 data-block-key="6xfoc">Generative models for nowcasting</h2><p data-block-key="0gxmx">We focus on nowcasting rain: predictions up to 2 hours ahead that capture the amount, timing, and location of rainfall. We use an approach known as generative modelling to make detailed and plausible predictions of future radar based on past radar. Conceptually, this is a problem of generating radar movies. With such methods, we can both accurately capture large-scale events, while also generating many alternative rain scenarios (known as ensemble predictions), allowing rainfall uncertainty to be explored. We used radar data from both the UK and the US in our study results.</p><p data-block-key="pgxd0">We were especially interested in the ability of these models to make predictions on medium to heavy-rain events, which are the events that most impact people and the economy, and we show statistically significant improvements in these regimes compared to competing methods. Importantly, we conducted a cognitive task assessment with more than 50 expert meteorologists at the Met Office, the UK’s national meteorological service, <strong>who rated our new approach as their first choice in 89% of cases when compared to widely-used nowcasting methods</strong>, demonstrating the ability of our approach to provide insight to real world decision-makers.</p> </div> <figure class="single-media single-media--inline" aria-labelledby="single-media-c28ccc0e-524f-4d42-ad4a-cdf779b923d4-figcaption"> <div class="single-media__media"> <picture class="picture"> <source media="(min-width: 600px)" type="image/webp" width="550" height="600" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DVAWdz7hH5cHGii9d_V_GtmFqxOLe_jgV8KSb3JdqemguZI5GRAUFeH65tcPz11JG-F-xSx72K3kpa4MXYr2itNA0rRFr9-Y2j-rCLvD12l8oiejQ9A=w616-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DVAWdz7hH5cHGii9d_V_GtmFqxOLe_jgV8KSb3JdqemguZI5GRAUFeH65tcPz11JG-F-xSx72K3kpa4MXYr2itNA0rRFr9-Y2j-rCLvD12l8oiejQ9A=w1232-rw 2x" /><source type="image/webp" width="528" height="576" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DVAWdz7hH5cHGii9d_V_GtmFqxOLe_jgV8KSb3JdqemguZI5GRAUFeH65tcPz11JG-F-xSx72K3kpa4MXYr2itNA0rRFr9-Y2j-rCLvD12l8oiejQ9A=w528-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DVAWdz7hH5cHGii9d_V_GtmFqxOLe_jgV8KSb3JdqemguZI5GRAUFeH65tcPz11JG-F-xSx72K3kpa4MXYr2itNA0rRFr9-Y2j-rCLvD12l8oiejQ9A=w1056-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="600" loading="lazy" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DVAWdz7hH5cHGii9d_V_GtmFqxOLe_jgV8KSb3JdqemguZI5GRAUFeH65tcPz11JG-F-xSx72K3kpa4MXYr2itNA0rRFr9-Y2j-rCLvD12l8oiejQ9A=w616" width="550"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="single-media__caption" id="single-media-c28ccc0e-524f-4d42-ad4a-cdf779b923d4-figcaption"> <p data-block-key="j087y">A challenging event in April 2019 over the UK (Target is the observed radar). Our generative approach (DGMR) captures the circulation, intensity and structure better than an advection approach (PySTEPS), and more accurately predicts rainfall and motion in the northeast. DGMR also generates sharp predictions, unlike deterministic deep learning methods (UNet).</p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="single-media single-media--inline" aria-labelledby="single-media-5fae8928-c685-41fc-9926-3e8e5586ccd2-figcaption"> <div class="single-media__media"> <picture class="picture"> <source media="(min-width: 600px)" type="image/webp" width="550" height="600" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EeuNC_pmLNS7ckW_DIOe6BFBX7OLy-IiAtf06l-OXokdNl9dxuwF-JqH-x8W__5QWEsdCNOM-Xc-NYxB3EWx2KryY_71jiVePoZhkrM80MLjsRUH=w616-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EeuNC_pmLNS7ckW_DIOe6BFBX7OLy-IiAtf06l-OXokdNl9dxuwF-JqH-x8W__5QWEsdCNOM-Xc-NYxB3EWx2KryY_71jiVePoZhkrM80MLjsRUH=w1232-rw 2x" /><source type="image/webp" width="528" height="576" srcset="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EeuNC_pmLNS7ckW_DIOe6BFBX7OLy-IiAtf06l-OXokdNl9dxuwF-JqH-x8W__5QWEsdCNOM-Xc-NYxB3EWx2KryY_71jiVePoZhkrM80MLjsRUH=w528-rw 1x, https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EeuNC_pmLNS7ckW_DIOe6BFBX7OLy-IiAtf06l-OXokdNl9dxuwF-JqH-x8W__5QWEsdCNOM-Xc-NYxB3EWx2KryY_71jiVePoZhkrM80MLjsRUH=w1056-rw 2x" /> <img alt="" class="picture__image" height="600" loading="lazy" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EeuNC_pmLNS7ckW_DIOe6BFBX7OLy-IiAtf06l-OXokdNl9dxuwF-JqH-x8W__5QWEsdCNOM-Xc-NYxB3EWx2KryY_71jiVePoZhkrM80MLjsRUH=w616" width="550"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="single-media__caption" id="single-media-5fae8928-c685-41fc-9926-3e8e5586ccd2-figcaption"> <p data-block-key="r3a9j">A heavy precipitation event in April 2019 over the eastern US (Target is the observed radar). The generative approach DGMR balances intensity and extent of precipitation compared to an advection approach (PySTEPS), the intensities of which are often too high, and does not blur like deterministic deep learning methods (UNet).</p> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="gdm-rich-text rich-text"> <h2 data-block-key="vudpe">What’s next</h2><p data-block-key="x01n3">By using statistical, economic, and cognitive analyses we were able to demonstrate a new and competitive approach for precipitation nowcasting from radar. No method is without limitations, and more work is needed to improve the accuracy of long-term predictions and accuracy on rare and intense events. Future work will require us to develop additional ways of assessing performance, and further specialising these methods for specific real-world applications.</p><p data-block-key="ikbuk">We think this is an exciting area of research and we hope our paper will serve as a foundation for new work by providing data and verification methods that make it possible to both provide competitive verification and operational utility. We also hope this collaboration with the Met Office will promote greater integration of machine learning and environmental science, and better support decision-making in our changing climate.</p><p data-block-key="jjo17">Read the paper <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03854-z" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Skillful precipitation nowcasting using Deep Generative Models of Radar</a> in the 30 September 2021 issue of Nature, which contains an extensive discussion of the model, data and verification approach. You can also explore the data we used for training and find a pre-trained model for the UK via <a href="https://dpmd.ai/github_nowcasting" rel="noopener" target="_blank">GitHub</a>.</p> </div> <aside class="notes"> <div class="glue-page"> <div class="gdm-rich-text notes__inner"> <h2 data-block-key="xqkla">Acknowledgements</h2><p data-block-key="qih2h">We are grateful to the Met Office and all our collaborators and advisors for their input to this work.</p> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </article> </main> <footer class="gdm-footer glue-footer" data-column-count="3"> <h2 class="glue-visually-hidden">Footer links</h2> <section class="glue-grid glue-footer__upper"> <section class="glue-grid__col glue-grid__col--span-6 glue-social"> <div class="glue-social__group"> <h3 class="glue-social__title glue-social__title--inline">Follow us</h3> <ul class="glue-social__list" role="list"> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://x.com/googledeepmind" title="Follow us on X" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px glue-icon--social" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#x"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://www.instagram.com/googledeepmind" title="Follow us on Instagram" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px glue-icon--social" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#instagram"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/googledeepmind/" title="Follow us on LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px glue-icon--social" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#post-linkedin"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://www.youtube.com/@google_deepmind" title="Follow us on YouTube" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px glue-icon--social" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#video-youtube"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="glue-social__item"> <a class="glue-social__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://github.com/google-deepmind" title="Follow us on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--24px glue-icon--social" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/icons/icons.4f32e13e021e.svg#github"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </section> <div class="glue-footer__site-links"> <div class="glue-footer__site-links-grid glue-footer__site-links-grid--3-col"> <div class="glue-footer__site-links-column"> <h3 class="glue-footer__site-links-header"> <span class="glue-footer__site-links-header-button" id="column-1-toggle"> <span class="glue-footer__site-links-header-text">About</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--footer glue-expansion-panel__header-arrow" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </span> </h3> <div class="glue-footer__site-links-list" id="column-1-content"> <ul class="glue-no-bullet" role="list"> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/about/">About Google DeepMind</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/about/responsibility-safety/">Responsibility & Safety</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/research/">Research</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/technologies/">Technologies</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/discover/blog/">Blog</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/about/careers/">Careers</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="glue-footer__site-links-column"> <h3 class="glue-footer__site-links-header"> <span class="glue-footer__site-links-header-button" id="column-2-toggle"> <span class="glue-footer__site-links-header-text">Learn more</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon glue-icon--footer glue-expansion-panel__header-arrow" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#expand-more"></use> </svg> </span> </h3> <div class="glue-footer__site-links-list" id="column-2-content"> <ul class="glue-no-bullet" role="list"> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/technologies/gemini/">Gemini</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/technologies/veo/">Veo</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/technologies/imagen-3/">Imagen 3</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__site-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="/technologies/synthid/">SynthID</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="glue-footer__site-links-column"> <h3 class="glue-footer__site-links-header gdm-footer__form-title"> Sign up for updates on our latest innovations </h3> <gdm-newsletter> <form action="https://services.google.com/fb/submissions/deepmindgoogle/" class="gdm-sign-up gdm-footer__form" data-gdm-gtm-method="Footer" method="post"> <div class="glue-form__element"> <label class="mdc-text-field mdc-text-field--outlined glue-text-field mdc-text-field--with-leading-icon mdc-text-field--no-label" id="footer-newsletter-3-text-field"> <span class="gdm-sign-up__label" id="footer-newsletter-3-label">Email address</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="glue-icon material-icons mdc-text-field__icon mdc-text-field__icon--leading" role="presentation"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#email"></use> </svg> <input autocomplete="email" class="mdc-text-field__input" name="EmailAddress" type="email" aria-controls="footer-newsletter-3-validation, footer-newsletter-3-response" aria-labelledby="footer-newsletter-3-label" maxlength="320" placeholder="Email address"> <span class="mdc-notched-outline"> <span class="mdc-notched-outline__leading"></span> <span class="mdc-notched-outline__trailing"></span> </span> </label> <div class="mdc-text-field-helper-line"> <div class="mdc-text-field-helper-text mdc-text-field-helper-text--validation-msg" id="footer-newsletter-3-validation" aria-hidden="true">Please enter a valid email (e.g., "name@example.com")</div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="mdc-text-field-helper-text mdc-text-field-helper-text--persistent gdm-sign-up__response" data-error="Something went wrong, please try again." data-invalid="Please enter a valid email (e.g., "name@example.com")" data-success="Thank you for signing up" id="footer-newsletter-3-response" role="alert"> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="LanguagePreference" value="en"><input data-gdm-optin="" type="hidden" name="DeepmindGcmNewsletter" value="unconfirmed"><div class="gdm-sign-up__disclaimer"><p data-block-key="hunvr">I accept Google's Terms and Conditions and acknowledge that my information will be used in accordance with <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google's Privacy Policy</a>.</p></div><button type="submit" class="glue-button glue-button--medium-emphasis gdm-sign-up__submit"> <span class="button__text">Sign up</span> </button></form> </gdm-newsletter> </div> </div> </div> <section class="glue-footer__global"> <div class="glue-footer__logo"> <a data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://www.google.com" title="Google" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="glue-footer__logo-img"> <use href="/static/glue-icons.87e996bc684c.svg#google-solid-logo"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="glue-footer__global-links glue-no-bullet" role="list"> <li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://about.google/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">About Google</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://about.google/products/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google products</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"> <a class="glue-footer__link" data-gtm-tag="footer-selection" href="https://policies.google.com/terms" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Terms</a> </li> <li aria-hidden="true" class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"> <button aria-hidden="true" class="glue-footer__link glue-cookie-notification-bar-control">Cookies management controls</button> </li> </ul> </section> </footer> <div class="gdm-modal-container"> <div class="gdm-modal-container__backdrop"></div> <div class="gdm-modal-container__loader"> <svg class="loader-spinner" width="24px" viewBox="0 0 66 66" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" > <circle class="loader-spinner__path" fill="none" stroke-width="7" cx="33" cy="33" r="25"></circle> </svg> </div> </div> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} function glueCookieNotificationBarLoaded(){(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NRDHXJGK');} function setScrollbarWidth() { const element = document.createElement('div'); element.style = "overflow:scroll;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;"; document.body.appendChild(element); const width = element.getBoundingClientRect().width; document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--scrollbar-width', `${width}px`); element.remove(); } window.addEventListener('resize', setScrollbarWidth); setScrollbarWidth(); </script> <script src="https://www.gstatic.com/glue/cookienotificationbar/cookienotificationbar.min.js" data-glue-cookie-notification-bar-category="2A"></script> <script src="https://www.youtube.com/player_api"></script> <script src="/static/main.min.eac5b4e00f7e.js"></script> <script src="/static/gemini.min.0f81ce049fa4.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Nowcasting the next hour of rain - Google DeepMind