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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_si.wikipedia.org&uselang=si" class=""><span>පරිත්‍යාග</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A7&returnto=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="ඔබ ගිණුමක් තනා පිවිසෙන්නේ නම් මැනවි; කෙසේ වුවත්, එය අනිවාර්ය නොවේ." class=""><span>ගිණුමක් තනන්න</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA&returnto=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="අඩවියට පිවිසීමට ඔබව දිරිගැන්වේ. එහෙත් පිවිසීම අනිවාර්ය නොවේ. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>පිවිසෙන්න</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="පුද්ගලික මෙවලම්" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">පුද්ගලික මෙවලම්</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_si.wikipedia.org&uselang=si"><span>පරිත්‍යාග</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A7&returnto=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="ඔබ ගිණුමක් තනා පිවිසෙන්නේ නම් මැනවි; කෙසේ වුවත්, එය අනිවාර්ය නොවේ."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ගිණුමක් තනන්න</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA&returnto=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="අඩවියට පිවිසීමට ඔබව දිරිගැන්වේ. එහෙත් පිවිසීම අනිවාර්ය නොවේ. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>පිවිසෙන්න</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>දායකත්වයන්</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මෙම අන්තර්ජාල ලිපිනයෙන් කර ඇති සංස්කරණයන් පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡාව [n]" accesskey="n"><span>සාකච්ඡාව</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-මූලාශ්‍ර" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#මූලාශ්‍ර"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>මූලාශ්‍ර</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-මූලාශ්‍ර-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-පාද_සටහන්" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#පාද_සටහන්"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>පාද සටහන්</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-පාද_සටහන්-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">හින්දුස්ථානී බස</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestani" title="Hindoestani – අෆ්‍රිකාන්ස්" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hindoestani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="අෆ්‍රිකාන්ස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – ස්විස් ජර්මානු" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ස්විස් ජර්මානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hindostan%C3%AD" title="Idioma hindostaní – ඇරගොනීස්" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma hindostaní" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ඇරගොනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – අන්ගික" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="අන්ගික" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الهندستانية – අරාබි" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الهندستانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="අරාබි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিন্দুস্তানী ভাষা – ඇසෑම්" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিন্দুস্তানী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ඇසෑම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indost%C3%A1nicu" title="Indostánicu – ඇස්ටියුරියන්" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Indostánicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ඇස්ටියුරියන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistani_dili" title="Hindistani dili – අසර්බයිජාන්" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistani dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="අසර්බයිජාන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هیندوستانی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندوستانی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Һиндостани – බාෂ්කිර්" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостани" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="බාෂ්කිර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Hindustani" title="Basa Hindustani – බැලිනීස්" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="බැලිනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostan%C4%97itiu_kalba" title="Indostanėitiu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indostanėitiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Хіндустані – බෙලරුසියානු" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хіндустані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="බෙලරුසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – බල්ගේරියානු" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="බල්ගේරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিন্দুস্তানি ভাষা – බෙංගාලි" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিন্দুস্তানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="බෙංගාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustaneg" title="Hindoustaneg – බ්‍රේටොන්" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hindoustaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="බ්‍රේටොන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-urdu" title="Hindi-urdu – බොස්නියානු" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hindi-urdu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="බොස්නියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A0nic" title="Hindustànic – කැටලන්" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hindustànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="කැටලන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – චෙච්නියානු" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="චෙච්නියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ھیندستانی – සොරානි කුර්දිෂ්" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ھیندستانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="සොරානි කුර්දිෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_tili" title="Hindustani tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hindustani tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Hindustánština – චෙක්" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hindustánština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="චෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindwstaneg" title="Hindwstaneg – වෙල්ෂ්" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hindwstaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="වෙල්ෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – ඩැනිශ්" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ඩැනිශ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – ජර්මන්" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ජර්මන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ινδουστανική γλώσσα – ග්‍රීක" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδουστανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ග්‍රීක" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language – ඉංග්‍රීසි" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hindustani language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ඉංග්‍රීසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustana_lingvo" title="Hindustana lingvo – එස්පැරන්ටෝ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindustana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="එස්පැරන්ටෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_indost%C3%A1nico" title="Idioma indostánico – ස්පාඤ්ඤ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma indostánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ස්පාඤ්ඤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_keel" title="Hindustani keel – එස්තෝනියානු" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hindustani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="එස්තෝනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanera" title="Hindustanera – බාස්ක්" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hindustanera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="බාස්ක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان هندوستانی – පර්සියානු" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان هندوستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="පර්සියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – ෆින්ලන්ත" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ෆින්ලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – ෆාරෝස්" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ෆාරෝස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustani" title="Hindoustani – ප්‍රංශ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hindoustani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ප්‍රංශ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – උතුරු ෆ්‍රිසියානු" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="උතුරු ෆ්‍රිසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoustani" title="Endoustani – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Endoustani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hindustana" title="Lingua hindustana – ගැලීසියානු" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hindustana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ගැලීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-urdu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Hindi-urdu ñe'ẽ – ගුවාරනි" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hindi-urdu ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ගුවාරනි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyanci" title="Indiyanci – හෝසා" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiyanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="හෝසා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הינדוסטנית – හීබෲ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הינדוסטנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="හීබෲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा – හින්දි" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="හින්දි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_bhasa" title="Hindustani bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hindustani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanski_jezici" title="Hindustanski jezici – කෝඒෂියානු" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hindustanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="කෝඒෂියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB-%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Հինդի-ուրդու – ආර්මේනියානු" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հինդի-ուրդու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ආර්මේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hindustani" title="Lingua hindustani – ඉන්ටලින්ගුආ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua hindustani" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ඉන්ටලින්ගුආ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustan" title="Bahasa Hindustan – ඉන්දුනීසියානු" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ඉන්දුනීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" title="Hindi-Urdu – ඉලොකො" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ඉලොකො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C3%AD-%C3%BArd%C3%BA" title="Hindí-úrdú – අයිස්ලන්ත" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hindí-úrdú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="අයිස්ලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_indostana" title="Lingua indostana – ඉතාලි" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua indostana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ඉතාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="ヒンドゥスターニー語 – ජපන්" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒンドゥスターニー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ජපන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3" title="ჰინდი-ურდუ – ජෝර්ජියානු" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰინდი-ურდუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ජෝර්ජියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustani" title="Bahasa Hindustani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хинди-урду – කසාඛ්" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хинди-урду" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="කසාඛ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%96%B4" title="힌두스탄어 – කොරියානු" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힌두스탄어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="කොරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustanek" title="Hindoustanek – කෝනීසියානු" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hindoustanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="කෝනීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Hindi-Urdu" title="Lingua Hindi-Urdu – ලතින්" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ලතින්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_industan" title="Lingaz industan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz industan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustano_kalba" title="Hindustano kalba – ලිතුවේනියානු" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hindustano kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ලිතුවේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Hindustāņu valoda – ලැට්වියානු" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hindustāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ලැට්වියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_hindi-ordo" title="Fiteny hindi-ordo – මලගාසි" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny hindi-ordo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="මලගාසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ – මලයාලම්" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="මලයාලම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – මරාති" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="මරාති" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" title="Hindi-Urdu – මැලේ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="මැලේ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟင်ဒီ-အူရဒူဘာသာစကား – බුරුම" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟင်ဒီ-အူရဒူဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="බුරුම" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustaansche_Spraak" title="Hindustaansche Spraak – පහළ ජර්මන්" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hindustaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="පහළ ජර්මන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा – නේපාල" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="නේපාල" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestani" title="Hindoestani – ලන්දේසි" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hindoestani" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ලන්දේසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – නෝර්වීජියානු නයිනෝර්ස්ක්" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="නෝර්වීජියානු නයිනෝර්ස්ක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – නෝර්වීජියානු බොක්මල්" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="නෝර්වීජියානු බොක්මල්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostani" title="Indostani – ඔසිටාන්" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indostani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ඔසිටාන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – ඔසිටෙක්" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ඔසිටෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – පන්ජාබි" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="පන්ජාබි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Indost%C3%A1niku" title="Amánung Indostániku – පන්පන්ග" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Indostániku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="පන්පන්ග" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hindustani" title="Język hindustani – පෝලන්ත" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hindustani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="පෝලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستانی زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہندوستانی زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hindust%C3%A2ni" title="Língua hindustâni – පෘතුගීසි" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hindustâni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="පෘතුගීසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinrustani" title="Hinrustani – ක්වීචුවා" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hinrustani" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ක්වීචුවා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_hindustan%C4%83" title="Limba hindustană – රොමේනියානු" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba hindustană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="රොමේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_indostane" title="Lènga indostane – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga indostane" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – රුසියානු" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="රුසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्थानीभाषा – සංස්කෘත" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हिन्दुस्थानीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="සංස්කෘත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – සෑන්ටලි" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="සෑන්ටලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_leid" title="Hindustani leid – ස්කොට්ස්" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hindustani leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ස්කොට්ස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ھندستاني ٻولي – සින්ධි" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھندستاني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="සින්ධි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanski_jezik" title="Hindustanski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hindustanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hindustani language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Hindustanščina – ස්ලෝවේනියානු" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hindustanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ස්ලෝවේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_hindustani" title="Gjuha hindustani – ඇල්බේනියානු" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha hindustani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ඇල්බේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хинди-урду – සර්බියානු" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хинди-урду" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="සර්බියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – ස්වීඩන්" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ස්වීඩන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kihindustani" title="Kihindustani – ස්වාහිලි" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kihindustani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ස්වාහිලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இந்துசுத்தானி மொழி – දෙමළ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்துசுத்தானி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="දෙමළ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="హిందుస్తానీ భాష – තෙළිඟු" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హిందుస్తానీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="තෙළිඟු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาฮินดูสตานี – තායි" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฮินดูสตานี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="තායි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_zyvon" title="Hindustani zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindustani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A2n%C3%AE" title="Hindustânî – තුර්කි" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindustânî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="තුර්කි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Һиндстани – ටාටර්" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстани" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ටාටර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – යුක්රේනියානු" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="යුක්රේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستانی زبان – උර්දු" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندوستانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="උර්දු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistoniy" title="Hindistoniy – උස්බෙක්" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindistoniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="උස්බෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hindustan" title="Tiếng Hindustan – වියට්නාම්" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="වියට්නාම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinindustani" title="Hinindustani – වොරෙය්" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hinindustani" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="වොරෙය්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语 – වූ චයිනිස්" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度斯坦语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="වූ චයිනිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הינדוסטאני – යිඩිශ්" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הינדוסטאני" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="යිඩිශ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Hindust%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Èdè Hindustánì – යොරූබා" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Hindustánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="යොරූබා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语 – චීන" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度斯坦语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="චීන" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%87" title="印度斯坦文 – කැන්ටොනීස්" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度斯坦文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="කැන්ටොනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11051#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="අන්තර්භාෂාමය සබැඳි සංස්කරණය කරන්න" class="wbc-editpage">සබැඳි සංස්කරණය කරන්න</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="නාම අවකාශ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="අන්තර්ගත පිටුව නරඹන්න [c]" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r573293"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>हिन्दुस्तानी</li><li><span lang="und-Arab" title="Nasta'liq" style="font-size:125%; font-family:'Urdu Typesetting', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Nafees', 'Pak Nastaleeq', PDMS_Jauhar;">ہندوستانی</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Hindustani.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hindustani.svg/150px-Hindustani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hindustani.svg/225px-Hindustani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hindustani.svg/300px-Hindustani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="692" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The word <i>Hindustani</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urdu alphabet (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Perso-Arabic</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastaliq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nastaliq (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Nastaliq</a>) scripts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">උච්චාරණය</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><small>IPA: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu" title="උදවු:IPA for Hindi and Urdu">[ɦɪndʊstaːniː]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">ස්වදේශික වන්නේ</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියාව">ඉන්දියාව</a> සහ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="පකිස්ථානය">පකිස්ථානය</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">කලාපය</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="හින්දි තීරුව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හින්දි තීරුව</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="උතුරු ඉන්දියාව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">උතුරු ඉන්දියාව</a>), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ඩෙකෑන්">ඩෙකෑන්</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="පකිස්ථානය">පකිස්ථානය</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">ස්වදේශික හසුරුවන්නන්</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">ආසන්න වශයෙන් මිලියන 250 (2011 සහ 2017 සංගණන)<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=L2_speakers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L2 speakers (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">L2 speakers</a>: ~500 million (1999–2016)<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="wrap"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD" title="භාෂා පවුල">භාෂා පවුල</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94-%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා">ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94-%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ඉන්දු-ඉරාන (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ඉන්දු-ඉරාන</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94-%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ඉන්දු-ආර්ය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ඉන්දු-ආර්ය</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="මධ්‍යම කලාපය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">මධ්‍යම කලාපය</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="බටහිර හින්දි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">බටහිර හින්දි</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>හින්දුස්ථානී</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">ආදි ස්වරූප</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shauraseni_Prakrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shauraseni Prakrit (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Shauraseni Prakrit</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apabhraṃśa (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Apabhraṃśa</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Hindi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Hindi (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Old Hindi</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">සම්මත ස්වරූප</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="නූතන සම්මත හින්දි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">නූතන සම්මත හින්දි</a></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="නවීන සම්මත උර්දු (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">නවීන සම්මත උර්දු</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">උපභාෂා</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ඩෙකානි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ඩෙකානි</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="හයිද්‍රාබාදි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හයිද්‍රාබාදි</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ඩකායියා (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ඩකායියා</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="රේඛතා (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">රේඛතා</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="කෞරවි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">කෞරවි</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="බම්බායියා (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">බම්බායියා</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="බිහාරි හින්දි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">බිහාරි හින්දි</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="අන්දමන් (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">අන්දමන්</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="හැෆ්ලොන්ග් (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හැෆ්ලොන්ග්</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="යුදෙව්-උර්දු (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">යුදෙව්-උර්දු</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="wrap"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ලේඛන ක්‍රමය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ලේඛන ක්‍රමය</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r573301"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="දේවනාගරි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">දේවනාගරි</a> (හින්දි)<sup id="cite_ref-Grierson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grierson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D-%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="පර්සෝ-අරාබි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">පර්සෝ-අරාබි</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="උර්දු හෝඩිය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">උර්දු හෝඩිය</a>) (උර්දු)<sup id="cite_ref-Grierson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grierson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray2011_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ලතින්-රෝම (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ලතින්-රෝම</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="හිංග්ලිෂ් (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හිංග්ලිෂ්</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="උර්දිෂ් (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">උර්දිෂ්</a>)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="කයිති (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">කයිති</a> (ඓතිහාසික)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="හීබෲ (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හීබෲ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="යුදෙව්-උර්දු (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">යුදෙව්-උර්දු</a>)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ලන්දා (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ලන්දා</a> (ඓතිහාසික)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="මහාජානි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">මහාජානි</a> (ඓතිහාසික, ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="හින්දි">හින්දි</a>)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="හින්දි බ්‍රේල් (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හින්දි බ්‍රේල්</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="උර්දු බ්‍රේල් (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">උර්දු බ්‍රේල්</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="wrap"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manually_coded_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manually coded language (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Signed forms</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Signing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Signing System (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Indian Signing System</a> (ISS)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">නිල තත්ත්වය</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">නිල භාෂාව වන ජාතිය</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියාව"><img alt="ඉන්දියාව" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> ඉන්දියාව <br />(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="හින්දි">හින්දි</a> සහ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94" title="උර්දු">උර්දු</a> ලෙස)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පකිස්ථානය"><img alt="පකිස්ථානය" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> පකිස්ථානය <br /> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94" title="උර්දු">උර්දු</a> ලෙස)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="භාෂා යාමකයින් ලැයිස්තුව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">යාමනය කරනු ලබන්නේ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="මධ්‍යම හින්දි අධ්‍යක්ෂක මණ්ඩලය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">මධ්‍යම හින්දි අධ්‍යක්ෂක මණ්ඩලය</a> (හින්දි, ඉන්දියාව)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%96_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="උර්දු භාෂාව ප්‍රවර්ධනය සඳහා වූ ජාතික සභාව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">උර්දු භාෂාව ප්‍රවර්ධනය සඳහා වූ ජාතික සභාව</a> (උර්දු, ඉන්දියාව)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ජාතික භාෂා ප්‍රවර්ධන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ජාතික භාෂා ප්‍රවර්ධන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව</a> (උර්දු, පකිස්ථානය)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">භාෂා කේත</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-1 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=hi">hi</a></span></code> – හින්දි<br /><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ur">ur</a></span></code> – උර්දු</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-2 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=188">hin</a></span></code> – හින්දි<br /><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=475">urd</a></span></code> – උර්දු</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Either:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/hin" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:hin">hin</a></code> – Hindi<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/urd" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:urd">urd</a></code> – Urdu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A" title="ග්ලොටෝලොග්">ග්ලොටෝලොග්</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hind1270">hind1270</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ලින්ග්වාස්ෆියර් නිරීක්ෂණාගාරය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ලින්ග්වාස්ෆියර්</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code>59-AAF-qa to -qf</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Hindustani_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/220px-Hindustani_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/330px-Hindustani_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/440px-Hindustani_map.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="814" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">හින්දුස්ථානි (දෙල්ලාවි හෝ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="කෞරවි (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">කෞරවි</a> ස්වදේශීය භාෂාව වන ප්‍රදේශ රතු මගින් දක්වා ඇත.)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> හින්දුස්ථානි (/ˌhɪndʊˈstɑːni/; දේවනාගරි: हिन्दुस्तानी,<sup id="cite_ref-hindustani-devn-spelling_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindustani-devn-spelling-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindustānī; පර්සෝ-අරාබි:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ہندوستانی, Hindūstānī, <small><u>වාචික</u></small> Hindustan)<sup id="cite_ref-NCSU-Hindustani_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCSU-Hindustani-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray2011_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> උතුරු සහ මධ්‍යම <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියාව">ඉන්දියාව</a> සහ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පාකිස්ථානය">පකිස්ථානය</a> හි භාවිතා වන පොදු හෙවත් සබැදි භාෂාවකි.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi1994_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi1994-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica-2018-hindustani-language_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2018-hindustani-language-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> හින්දුස්ථානි යනු <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="හින්දි භාෂාව">හින්දි</a> සහ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94" title="උර්දු">උර්දු</a> ලෙස හඳුන්වන සම්මත ලේඛන දෙකක් සහිත බහු කේන්ද්‍රීය භාෂාවකි. මේ අනුව, භාෂාව සමහර විට හින්දි-උර්දු ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-trask-hclinguistics_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-hclinguistics-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dcrystal-dict-lang_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcrystal-dict-lang-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gandhi-hindi-urdu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gandhi-hindi-urdu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙම සම්මත ලේඛන තිබියදීත්, හින්දුස්ථානි භාෂාවේ වාචික කථාව බොහෝ විට මෙම ප්‍රමිතීන් අතර වර්ණාවලියක් මත පවතී.<sup id="cite_ref-Basu2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basu2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GubeGao2019_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GubeGao2019-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r573305">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r700985">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style></p><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r573301"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)"><img alt="<?>" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/40px-Replacement_character.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/60px-Replacement_character.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/80px-Replacement_character.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">ඔබට මෙම ලිපිය තුළ ඇති uncommon <a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters නිසි පරිදි දර්ශනය වීමට <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Multilingual_support#Kaithi" class="mw-redirect" title="උදවු:Multilingual support">ප්‍රදර්ශන සහාය</a> අවශ්‍ය වනු ඇත.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="මූලාශ්‍ර"><span id=".E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.96.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.81.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB"></span>මූලාශ්‍ර</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83&action=edit&section=1" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: මූලාශ්‍ර"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r688372">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hindi" L1: 322 million (2011 Indian census), including perhaps 150 million speakers of other languages that reported their language as "Hindi" on the census. L2: 274 million (2016, source unknown). Urdu L1: 67 million (2011 & 2017 censuses), L2: 102 million (1999 Pakistan, source unknown, and 2001 Indian census): <i>Ethnologue</i> 21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/hin">Hindi</a> at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnologue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnologue (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Ethnologue</a></i> (21st ed., 2018) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="closed access publication – behind paywall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/ur">Urdu</a> at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnologue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnologue (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Ethnologue</a></i> (21st ed., 2018) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="closed access publication – behind paywall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_alternative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grierson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grierson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grierson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="si" dir="ltr">උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: අනීතික <code><ref></code> ටැගය; <code>Grierson</code> නමැති ආශ්‍රේයන් සඳහා කිසිදු පෙළක් සපයා නොතිබුණි</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ray2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ray2011_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray2011_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray2011_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r713704">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRay2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ray, Aniruddha (2011). <i>The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). Primus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-93-80607-16-0" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-93-80607-16-0"><bdi>978-93-80607-16-0</bdi></a>. <q>There was the <i>Hindustani Dictionary</i> of Fallon published in 1879; and two years later (1881), John J. Platts produced his <i>Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English</i>, which implied that Hindi and Urdu were literary forms of a single language. More recently, Christopher R. King in his <i>One Language, Two Scripts</i> (1994) has presented the late history of the single spoken language in two forms, with the clarity and detail that the subject deserves.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Varied+Facets+of+History%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Aniruddha+Ray&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-16-0&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Aniruddha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFGangopadhyay2020" class="citation book cs1">Gangopadhyay, Avik (2020). <i>Glimpses of Indian Languages</i>. Evincepub publishing. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9789390197828" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9789390197828"><bdi>9789390197828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimpses+of+Indian+Languages&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Evincepub+publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789390197828&rft.aulast=Gangopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Avik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://share.pdfonline.com/51071726f49f47ea858865837b25f8f9/dedse_dhh09.htm">Norms & Guidelines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113022437/http://share.pdfonline.com/51071726f49f47ea858865837b25f8f9/dedse_dhh09.htm">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 13 ජනවාරි 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2009. D.Ed. Special Education (Deaf & Hard of Hearing), [www.rehabcouncil.nic.in Rehabilitation Council of India]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> and Hindi spelling in <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>. Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/hindi/introduction.html">Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415010138/http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/hindi/introduction.html">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 15 අප්‍රේල් 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/">"National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language"</a>. <i>www.urducouncil.nic.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.urducouncil.nic.in&rft.atitle=National+Council+for+Promotion+of+Urdu+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urducouncil.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zia, K. (1999). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/urdu-code/standardcodetableurdu.htm">Standard Code Table for Urdu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408004715/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/urdu-code/standardcodetableurdu.htm">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 8 අප්‍රේල් 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. 4th Symposium on Multilingual Information Processing, (MLIT-4), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangon (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Yangon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myanmar (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Myanmar</a>. CICC, <a href="/wiki/Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Retrieved on 28 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFNordhoffHammarströmForkelHaspelmath2013" class="citation book cs1">Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Hindustani". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/"><i>Glottolog 2.2</i></a>. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hindustani&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.2&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Evolutionary+Anthropology&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Cite_book" class="mw-redirect" title="සැකිල්ල:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|display-editors=4</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:CS1_errors#disp_name" title="උදවු:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="උදවු:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindustani-devn-spelling-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hindustani-devn-spelling_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<span class="citation" id="CITEREFMcGregor1993">McGregor, R. S., ed. (1993), "हिंदुस्तानी", <i>The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary</i>, Oxford University Press, p. 1071, "2. <i>hindustani</i> [P. hindustani] f Hindustani (a mixed Hindi dialect of the Delhi region which came to be used as a lingua franca widely throughout India and what is now Pakistan"</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+Hindi-English+Dictionary&rft.date=1993&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B1071&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <ul><li><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in/ebook/b101/html5forpc.html?page=0">"हिंदुस्तानी"</a>, <i>बृहत हिंदी कोश खंड 2 (Large Hindi Dictionary, Volume 2)</i>, केन्द्रीय हिंदी निदेशालय, भारत सरकार (Central Hindi Directorate, Government of India), p. 1458<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in/ebook/b101/html5forpc.html?page=0">http://www.chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in/ebook/b101/html5forpc.html?page=0</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, ප්‍රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 17 October 2021</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1+2+%28Large+Hindi+Dictionary%2C+Volume+2%29&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B1458&rft.pub=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%2C+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%28Central+Hindi+Directorate%2C+Government+of+India%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in%2Febook%2Fb101%2Fhtml5forpc.html%3Fpage%3D0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFDas1975">Das, Shyamasundar (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/dasa-hindi_query.py?page=5505"><i>Hindi Shabda Sagar (Hindi dictionary) in 11 volumes, revised edition</i></a>, Kashi (Varanasi): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagari_Pracharini_Sabha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagari Pracharini Sabha (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Nagari Pracharini Sabha</a>, p. 5505<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/dasa-hindi_query.py?page=5505">https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/dasa-hindi_query.py?page=5505</a></span>, "हिंदुस्तानी hindustānī३ संज्ञा स्त्री॰ १. हिंदुस्तान की भाषा । २. बोलचाल या व्यवहार की वह हिंदी जिसमें न तो बहुत अरबी फारसी के शब्द हों न संस्कृत के । उ॰—साहिब लोगों ने इस देश की भाषा का एक नया नाम हिंदुस्तानी रखा । Translation: Hindustani hindustānī3 noun feminine 1. The language of Hindustan. 2. That version of Hindi employed for common speech or business in which neither many Arabic or Persian words nor Sanskrit words are present. Context: The British gave the new name Hindustani to the language of this country."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindi+Shabda+Sagar+%28Hindi+dictionary%29+in+11+volumes%2C+revised+edition&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Shyamasundar&rft.au=Das%2C%26%2332%3BShyamasundar&rft.date=1975&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B5505&rft.place=Kashi+%28Varanasi%29&rft.pub=%5B%5BNagari+Pracharini+Sabha%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fapp%2Fdasa-hindi_query.py%3Fpage%3D5505&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFChaturvedi1970">Chaturvedi, Mahendra (1970), "हिंदुस्तानी", <i>A Practical Hindi-English Dictionary</i>, Delhi: National Publishing House, "hindustānī hīndusta:nī: a theoretically existent style of the Hindi language which is supposed to consist of current and simple words of any sources whatever and is neither too much biassed in favour of Perso-Arabic elements nor has any place for too much high-flown Sanskritized vocabulary"</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80&rft.atitle=A+Practical+Hindi-English+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Chaturvedi&rft.aufirst=Mahendra&rft.au=Chaturvedi%2C%26%2332%3BMahendra&rft.date=1970&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=National+Publishing+House&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-NCSU-Hindustani-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCSU-Hindustani_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815023328/http://sasw.chass.ncsu.edu/fl/faculty/taj/hindi/abturdu.htm">"About Hindi-Urdu"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Carolina_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Carolina State University (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">North Carolina State University</a>. 15 අගෝස්තු 2009 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sasw.chass.ncsu.edu/fl/faculty/taj/hindi/abturdu.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 9 අගෝස්තු 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Hindi-Urdu&rft.pub=North+Carolina+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsasw.chass.ncsu.edu%2Ffl%2Ffaculty%2Ftaj%2Fhindi%2Fabturdu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siddiqi1994-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi1994_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMohammad_Tahsin_Siddiqi1994">Mohammad Tahsin Siddiqi (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vnrTAAAAMAAJ"><i>Hindustani-English code-mixing in modern literary texts</i></a>, University of Wisconsin<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vnrTAAAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=vnrTAAAAMAAJ</a></span>, "... Hindustani is the lingua franca of both India and Pakistan ..."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindustani-English+code-mixing+in+modern+literary+texts&rft.aulast=Mohammad+Tahsin+Siddiqi&rft.au=Mohammad+Tahsin+Siddiqi&rft.date=1994&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvnrTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2018-hindustani-language-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica-2018-hindustani-language_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hindustani-language">"Hindustani language"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. 1 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>(subscription required) lingua franca of northern India and Pakistan. Two variants of Hindustani, Urdu and Hindi, are official languages in Pakistan and India, respectively. Hindustani began to develop during the 13th century CE in and around the Indian cities of Delhi and Meerut in response to the increasing linguistic diversity that resulted from Muslim hegemony. In the 19th century its use was widely promoted by the British, who initiated an effort at standardization. Hindustani is widely recognized as India's most common lingua franca, but its status as a vernacular renders it difficult to measure precisely its number of speakers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hindustani+language&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FHindustani-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trask-hclinguistics-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trask-hclinguistics_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFTrask2019">Trask, R. L. (8 August 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jacxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149">"Hindi-Urdu"</a>, <i>Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics</i>, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 149–150, <div class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9781474473316" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9781474473316">9781474473316</a></div><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jacxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149">https://books.google.com/books?id=jacxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149</a></span>, "<b>Hindi-Urdu</b> The most important modern Indo-Aryan language, spoken by well over 250 million people, mainly in India and Pakistan. At the spoken level <i>Hindi</i> and <i>Urdu</i> are the same language (called <i>Hindustani</i> before the political partition), but the two varieties are written in different alphabets and differ substantially in their abstract and technical vocabularies"</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Hindi-Urdu&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+Historical+and+Comparative+Linguistics&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=R.+L.&rft.au=Trask%2C%26%2332%3BR.+L.&rft.date=8+August+2019&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B149%26ndash%3B150&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.isbn=9781474473316&rft_id=&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcrystal-dict-lang-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dcrystal-dict-lang_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCrystal2001"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Crystal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Crystal (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Crystal, David</a> (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3GU5FWs1pBEC"><i>A Dictionary of Language</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicago (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Chicago</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">University of Chicago Press</a>, <div class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9780226122038" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9780226122038">9780226122038</a></div><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3GU5FWs1pBEC">https://books.google.com/books?id=3GU5FWs1pBEC</a></span>, "(p. 115) Figure: A family of languages: the Indo-European family tree, reflecting geographical distribution. Proto Indo-European>Indo-Iranian>Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)> Midland (Rajasthani, Bihari, Hindi/Urdu); (p. 149) <b>Hindi</b> There is little structural difference between Hindi and Urdu, and the two are often grouped together under the single label Hindi/Urdu, sometimes abbreviated to Hirdu, and formerly often called Hindustani; (p. 160) <b>India</b> ... With such linguistic diversity, Hindi/Urdu has come to be widely used as a lingua franca."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Language&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Crystal%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2001&rft.place=%5B%5BChicago%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BUniversity+of+Chicago+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9780226122038&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3GU5FWs1pBEC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gandhi-hindi-urdu-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gandhi-hindi-urdu_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi, M. K.</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5BNDwAAQBAJ"><i>An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth: A Critical Edition</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahadev_Desai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahadev Desai (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Desai, Mahadev</a>. annotation by Suhrud, Tridip. <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Haven,_Connecticut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Haven, Connecticut (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">New Haven</a> and London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale University Press (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9780300234077" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9780300234077"><bdi>9780300234077</bdi></a>. <q>(p. 737) I was handicapped for want of suitable Hindi or Urdu words. This was my first occasion for delivering an argumentative speech before an audience especially composed of Mussalmans of the North. I had spoken in Urdu at the Muslim League at Calcutta, but it was only for a few minutes, and the speech was intended only to be a feeling appeal to the audience. Here, on the contrary, I was faced with a critical, if not hostile, audience, to whom I had to explain and bring home my view-point. But I had cast aside all shyness. I was not there to deliver an address in the faultless, polished Urdu of the Delhi Muslims, but to place before the gathering my views in such broken Hindi as I could command. And in this I was successful. This meeting afforded me a direct proof of the fact that Hindi-Urdu alone could become the lingua franca<Footnote M8> of India. (M8: "national language" in the Gujarati original).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Autobiography+or+The+Story+of+My+Experiments+with+Truth%3A+A+Critical+Edition&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780300234077&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=M.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5BNDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Basu2017-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Basu2017_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFBasu2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Basu, Manisha (2017). <i>The Rhetoric of Hindutva</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-107-14987-8" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-107-14987-8"><bdi>978-1-107-14987-8</bdi></a>. <q>Urdu, like Hindi, was a standardized register of the Hindustani language deriving from the Dehlavi dialect and emerged in the eighteenth century under the rule of the late Mughals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rhetoric+of+Hindutva&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-14987-8&rft.aulast=Basu&rft.aufirst=Manisha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GubeGao2019-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GubeGao2019_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFGubeGao2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gube, Jan; Gao, Fang (2019). <i>Education, Ethnicity and Equity in the Multilingual Asian Context</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Publishing (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Springer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-981-13-3125-1" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-981-13-3125-1"><bdi>978-981-13-3125-1</bdi></a>. <q>The national language of India and Pakistan 'Standard Urdu' is mutually intelligible with 'Standard Hindi' because both languages share the same Indic base and are all but indistinguishable in phonology and grammar (Lust et al. 2000).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education%2C+Ethnicity+and+Equity+in+the+Multilingual+Asian+Context&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-981-13-3125-1&rft.aulast=Gube&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Gao%2C+Fang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="පාද_සටහන්"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.AF_.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.84.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A"></span>පාද සටහන්</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83&action=edit&section=2" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: පාද සටහන්"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r688372"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not to be confused with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bihari_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bihari languages (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Bihari languages</a>, a group of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Eastern Indo-Aryan languages</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also written as <span title="හින්දි-language text"><span lang="hi">हिंदुस्तानी</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This will only display in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastaliq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nastaliq (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Nastaliq</a> font if you will have one installed, otherwise it may display in a modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabic_font&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabic font (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Arabic font</a> in a style more common for writing <a href="/wiki/Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and most other non-Urdu languages such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naskh_(script)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naskh (script) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Naskh</a>. If this <span lang="und-Arab" title="Nasta'liq" style="font-size:125%; font-family:'Urdu Typesetting', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Nafees', 'Pak Nastaleeq', PDMS_Jauhar;"><span title="Indic languages collective text"><span lang="inc-Aran" dir="rtl">پاکستان</span></span></span> and this <span title="Indic languages collective text"><span lang="inc-Aran" dir="rtl"><span lang="und-Arab" title="Nasta'liq" style="font-size:125%; font-family:'Urdu Typesetting', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Nafees', 'Pak Nastaleeq', PDMS_Jauhar;">پاکستان</span></span></span> looks like this <span title="Indic languages collective text"><span lang="inc-Aran" dir="rtl">پاکستان</span></span> then you are not seeing it in Nastaliq.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" 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