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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="inhibitory effect"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15045</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: inhibitory effect</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15045</span> The Inhibitory Effect of Riceberry Rice Extract on Acetylcholinesterase Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaiprae%20Chatree">Yaiprae Chatree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawan%20Chaiwon"> Tawan Chaiwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodjana%20Chunhabundit"> Rodjana Chunhabundit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kritsana%20Piriyawatcharakon"> Kritsana Piriyawatcharakon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waralai%20Ratwiset"> Waralai Ratwiset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasiwimol%20Chaiya"> Sasiwimol Chaiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is facing a serious situation of aging society. Elderly may have many physical health problems due to degenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. Riceberry rice relatively contain high levels of carbohydrate, vitamin E, -oryzanol, and also abundant of bioactive compound of anthocyanin. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of Riceberry rice crude extract on acetylcholinesterase activity. The active compound was extracted by using 70% ethanol (v/v). The inhibitory effect of Riceberry rice on acetylcholinesterase was evaluated by using slightly modified method of Ellman’s method. The 120 seconds time interval of kinetics measurement showed that Riceberry rice extract at concentrations of 2.5-12.5 mg/ml presented the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity at the statistically significant difference at p  0.05 compared to control group over 60 -120 seconds. At the concentrations of 10 and 12.5 mg/ml of Riceberry rice extract expressed the high percentage of inhibitory activity of 50.86 and 71.22%, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Riceberry rice extract; considered to the end point, was found at concentration of 9.34 mg/ml. The physostigmine (positive control); however, showed a higher inhibitory capacity than that of Riceberry rice extract. The inhibitory activity of the positive control group was around at 80.40 – 90.41%. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that Riceberry rice extract possessed the inhibitory capacity of acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, at the concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml it showed the identical inhibitory effect with physostigmine group. The Riceberry rice extract might be able to alleviate the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholine" title="acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholinesterase" title=" acetylcholinesterase"> acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title=" Alzheimer's disease"> Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riceberry%20rice" title=" riceberry rice"> riceberry rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75739/the-inhibitory-effect-of-riceberry-rice-extract-on-acetylcholinesterase-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15044</span> Inhibitory Effect on TNF-Alpha Release of Dioscorea membranacea and Its Compounds </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunporn%20Itharat">Arunporn Itharat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srisopa%20Ruangnoo"> Srisopa Ruangnoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakakrong%20Thongdeeying"> Pakakrong Thongdeeying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rhizomes of Dioscorea membranacea (DM) has long been used in Thai Traditional medicine to treat cancer and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatism. The objective of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity by determining the inhibitory effect on LPS-induced TNF-α from RAW264.7 cells of crude extracts and pure isolated compounds from DM. Three known dihydrophenantrene compounds were isolated by a bioassay guided isolation method from DM ethanolic extract [2,4 dimethoxy-5,6-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1) and 5-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(2) and 5,6,2 -trihydroxy 3,4-methoxy, 9,10- dihydrophenanthrene (3)]. 1 showed the highest inhibitory effect on PGE2, followed by 3 and 1 (IC50 = 2.26, 4.97 and >20 μg/ml or 8.31,17.25 and > 20 µM respectively). These findings suggest that this plant showed anti-inflamatory effects by displaying an inhibitory effect on TNF-α release, hence, this result supports the usage of Thai traditional medicine to treat inflammation related diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dioscorea%20membranacea" title="Dioscorea membranacea">Dioscorea membranacea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory%20activity" title=" anti-inflammatory activity"> anti-inflammatory activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNF-Alpha" title=" TNF-Alpha "> TNF-Alpha </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dihidrophenantrene%20compound" title=" dihidrophenantrene compound"> dihidrophenantrene compound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25191/inhibitory-effect-on-tnf-alpha-release-of-dioscorea-membranacea-and-its-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15043</span> Assessment of Bio-Control Quality of Ethanolic Extracts of Some Tropical Plants on Fruit Rot Pathogens of Pineapple Fruits in Ado Ekiti</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Ijato">J. Y. Ijato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Adewumi"> A. Adewumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20O%20Yakubu"> H. O Yakubu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Olajide"> O. O. Olajide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20O.%20Ojo"> B. O. Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Adanikin"> B. A. Adanikin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Post-harvest fruit rot pathogens are one of the major factors that are responsible for food security challenges in developing countries like Nigeria. These pathogens also cause fruit food poisoning. Biocidal effects of ethanolic extracts of Khaya grandifoliola, Hyptis suaveolens, Zingiber officinale, Calophyllum inophyllum, Datura stramonium on the mycelia growth of fungal rot pathogens of pineapple fruit was investigated, the ethanolic extracts of these test plants exhibited high significant inhibitory effects on the rot pathogens, the highest ethanolic extract inhibition of Zingiber officinale was on Aspergillus flavus (38.40%) at 1.0g/ml while the least inhibitory effect was on Aspergillus fumigatus (23.10%) at 1.0g/ml, the highest ethanol extract inhibition of Datura stramonium was on Aspergillus tubingensis (24.00%) at 1.0g/ml while the least inhibitory effect was 10.00% on Colletotrichum fruticola at 1.0g/ml, the highest ethanol extract inhibition of Calophyllum inophyllum was on Trichoderma harzianum (18.50%) at 1.0g/ml while the least inhibitory effect was on Aspergillus flavus (15.00%) at 1.0g/ml, the highest ethanol extract inhibition of Hyptis suaveolens was on Aspergillus fumigatus (35.00%) at 1.0g/ml while the least inhibitory effect was on Aspergillus niger (20.00%) at 1.0g/ml, the highest ethanol extract inhibition of Khaya grandifoliola was on Aspergillus flavus (35.00%) at 1.00g/ml while the least inhibitory effect was on Aspergillus fumigates (22.00%) at 1.0g/ml, the antifungal capacity of these test plant extracts on rot causing fungi on pineapple fruit reveals the possibility of their use by farmers and fruit traders as alternative to chemical fungicide that portends great threat to human and environmental health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20rot" title="fruit rot">fruit rot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pineapple" title=" pineapple"> pineapple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20poisoning" title=" food poisoning"> food poisoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154335/assessment-of-bio-control-quality-of-ethanolic-extracts-of-some-tropical-plants-on-fruit-rot-pathogens-of-pineapple-fruits-in-ado-ekiti" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15042</span> Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ceratonia siliqua L. Growing in Boumerdes, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Meziou-Chebouti">N. Meziou-Chebouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Merabet"> A. Merabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chebouti%20N.%20Behidj"> Y. Chebouti N. Behidj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is a contribution to the knowledge of physicochemical characteristics of mature carob followed by evaluation of the activity, antimicrobial phenolics leaves and green pods of Ceratonia siliqua L. physicochemical study shows that mature carob it has a considerable content of sugar (50.90%), but poor in proteins (7%), fat (8%) and also has a high mineral content. The results obtained from phenolic extracts of leaves and green pods of Ceratonia siliqua L. show a wealth leaf phenolic extract especially flavonoids (0,545 mg EqQ/g) relative to the extract of green pods (0,226 mgEqQ/g). Polyphenols leaves have a slightly inhibitory effect on the growth of strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoiae, Streptococcus sp and Sanmonella enteritidis, a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Pseudomonas strain aerogenosa. Moreover, polyphenols pod have a slightly inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus sp strains, Pseudomonas and aerogenosa Sanmonella enteritidis, a slightly inhibitory effect on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clove" title=" clove"> clove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceratonia%20siliqua" title=" Ceratonia siliqua"> Ceratonia siliqua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16809/chemical-composition-and-antibacterial-activity-of-ceratonia-siliqua-l-growing-in-boumerdes-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15041</span> Investigating the Effect of Executive Functions on Young Children’s Drawing of Familiar and Unfamiliar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reshaa%20Alruwaili">Reshaa Alruwaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was inspired by previous studies with young children that found (a) that they need both inhibitory control and working memory when drawing an unfamiliar subject (e.g., animals) by adapting their schema of the human ﬁgure and (b) that when drawing something familiar (e.g., a person) they use inhibitory control mediated through fine motor control to execute their drawing. This study, therefore, systematically investigated whether direct effects for both working memory and inhibitory control and/or effects mediated through fine motor control existed when drawing both familiar and unfamiliar subjects. Participants were 95 children (41-66 months old) required to draw both a man and a dog, scored respectively for how representational they were and for differences from a human ﬁgure. Regression and mediation analyses showed that inhibitory control alone predicted drawing a recognizable man while working memory alone predicted drawing a dog that was not human-like when fine motor control, age, and gender were controlled. Contrasting with some previous studies, these results suggest that the roles of working memory and inhibitory control are sensitive to the familiarity of the drawing task and are not necessarily mediated through fine motor control. Implications for research on drawing development are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20drawing" title="child drawing">child drawing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20control" title=" inhibitory control"> inhibitory control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20memory" title=" working memory"> working memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20motor%20control" title=" fine motor control"> fine motor control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=familiar%20and%20unfamiliar%20subjects" title=" familiar and unfamiliar subjects"> familiar and unfamiliar subjects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145793/investigating-the-effect-of-executive-functions-on-young-childrens-drawing-of-familiar-and-unfamiliar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15040</span> Effect of Fat Percentage and Prebiotic Composition on Proteolysis, ACE-Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of Probiotic Yogurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20B.%20HabibiNajafi">Mohammad B. HabibiNajafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Sadat%20Fatemizadeh"> Saeideh Sadat Fatemizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Tavakoli"> Maryam Tavakoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the consumption of functional foods, including foods containing probiotic bacteria, has come to notice. Milk proteins have been identified as a source of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme <span dir="RTL">)</span>ACE<span dir="RTL">(</span> inhibitory peptides and are currently the best-known class of bioactive peptides. In this study, the effects of adding prebiotic ingredients (inulin and wheat fiber) and fat percentage (0%, 2% and 3.5%) in yogurt containing probiotic <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> on physicochemical properties, degree of proteolysis, antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activity within 21 days of storage at 5 ± 1 °C were evaluated. The results of statistical analysis showed that the application of prebiotic compounds led to a significant increase in water holding capacity, proteolysis and ACE-inhibitory of samples. The degree of proteolysis in yogurt increases as storage time elapses (P < 0.05) but when proteolysis exceeds a certain threshold, this trend begins to decline. Also, during storage time, water holding capacity reduced initially but increased thereafter. Moreover, based on our findings, the survival of <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> in samples treated with inulin and wheat fiber increased significantly in comparison to the control sample (P < 0.05) whereas the effect of fat percentage on the survival of probiotic bacteria was not significant (P = 0.095). Furthermore, the effect of prebiotic ingredients and the presence of probiotic cultures on the antioxidant activity of samples was significant (P < 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic%20yogurt" title="probiotic yogurt">probiotic yogurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteolysis" title=" proteolysis"> proteolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACE-inhibitory" title=" ACE-inhibitory"> ACE-inhibitory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72186/effect-of-fat-percentage-and-prebiotic-composition-on-proteolysis-ace-inhibitory-and-antioxidant-activity-of-probiotic-yogurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15039</span> The Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials of Different Extracts from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Zengin">Gokhan Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahman%20Aktumsek"> Abdurrahman Aktumsek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The key enzyme inhibitory theory is one of the most accepted strategies in the treatment of global health problems including Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes mellitus. For this reason, the enzyme inhibitory potentials of different solvent extracts from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia were investigated against cholinesterase, and tyrosinase. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory potentials were measured with a microplate reader. The acetone and methanol extracts exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory effects on cholinesterase. However, the water extract was only active on tyrosinase. The results suggested that Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia could be considered as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of major health problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20inhibitors" title="enzyme inhibitors">enzyme inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase" title=" cholinesterase"> cholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyrosinase" title=" tyrosinase"> tyrosinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linaria" title=" linaria"> linaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46806/the-enzyme-inhibitory-potentials-of-different-extracts-from-linaria-genistifolia-subsp-genistifolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15038</span> Inhibitory Effects of Ambrosia trifida L. on the Development of Root Hairs and Protein Patterns of Radicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Hyon%20Kil">Ji-Hyon Kil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kew-Cheol%20Shim"> Kew-Cheol Shim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Ae%20Park"> Kyoung-Ae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoungho%20Kim"> Kyoungho Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ambrosia trifida L. is designated as invasive alien species by the Act on the Conservation and Use of Biodiversity by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The purpose of present paper was to investigate the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of A.trifida on the development of root hairs of Triticum aestivum L., and Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng and the electrophoretic protein patterns of their radicles. The development of root hairs was inhibited by increasing of aqueous extract concentrations. Through SDS-PAGE, the electrophoretic protein bands of extracted proteins from their radicles were appeared in controls, but protein bands of specific molecular weight disappeared or weakened in treatments. In conclusion, inhibitory effects of A. trifida made two receptor species changed morphologically, and at the molecular level in early growth stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambrosia%20trifida%20L." title="Ambrosia trifida L.">Ambrosia trifida L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20alien%20species" title=" invasive alien species"> invasive alien species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20effect" title=" inhibitory effect"> inhibitory effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20hair" title=" root hair"> root hair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoretic%20protein" title=" electrophoretic protein"> electrophoretic protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radicle" title=" radicle"> radicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10284/inhibitory-effects-of-ambrosia-trifida-l-on-the-development-of-root-hairs-and-protein-patterns-of-radicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15037</span> Investigations of Metals and Metal-Antibrowning Agent Effects on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity from Red Poppy Leaf </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnur%20Arabaci">Gulnur Arabaci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are one of the major groups of contaminants in the environment and many of them are toxic even at very low concentration in plants and animals. However, some metals play important roles in the biological function of many enzymes in living organisms. Metals such as zinc, iron, and cooper are important for survival and activity of enzymes in plants, however heavy metals can inhibit enzyme which is responsible for defense system of plants. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a copper-containing metalloenzyme which is responsible for enzymatic browning reaction of plants. Enzymatic browning is a major problem for the handling of vegetables and fruits in food industry. It can be increased and effected with many different futures such as metals in the nature and ground. In the present work, PPO was isolated and characterized from green leaves of red poppy plant (Papaver rhoeas). Then, the effect of some known antibrowning agents which can form complexes with metals and metals were investigated on the red poppy PPO activity. The results showed that glutathione was the most potent inhibitory effect on PPO activity. Cu(II) and Fe(II) metals increased the enzyme activities however, Sn(II) had the maximum inhibitory effect and Zn(II) and Pb(II) had no significant effect on the enzyme activity. In order to reduce the effect of heavy metals, the effects of metal-antibrowning agent complexes on the PPO activity were determined. EDTA and metal complexes had no significant effect on the enzyme. L-ascorbic acid and metal complexes decreased but L-ascorbic acid-Cu(II)-complex had no effect. Glutathione–metal complexes had the best inhibitory effect on Red poppy leaf PPO activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title="inhibition">inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal" title=" metal"> metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20poppy" title=" red poppy"> red poppy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%20phenol%20oxidase%20%28PPO%29" title=" poly phenol oxidase (PPO)"> poly phenol oxidase (PPO)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16692/investigations-of-metals-and-metal-antibrowning-agent-effects-on-polyphenol-oxidase-activity-from-red-poppy-leaf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15036</span> Allelopathic Effect of Foliar Extracts of Leucaena leucocephala on Germination and Growth Behavior of Zea mays L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guru%20Prasad%20Satsangi">Guru Prasad Satsangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiv%20Shankar%20Gautam"> Shiv Shankar Gautam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Allelopathy is a potential area of research for sustainable agriculture. It is environmentally safe, can conserve the available resources, and also may mitigate the problems raised by synthetic chemicals. The allelo-chemicals are secondary metabolites produced by plants, which are the byproducts of the primary metabolic process. These allelo-chemicals may be stimulatory, inhibitory, or may have no effect on the growth of the other plants. It has been observed in the present study that foliar extracts of Leucaena leucocephala showed an inhibitory effect on the germination of the test crop maize. The results revealed that at different concentrations of Leucaena leucocephala foliar extract, caused a significant inhibition in germination and growth behavior of Zea mays L. seedlings. Minimum germination and growth occurred in 100 % concentration, and an increase in extract concentrations result in a decrease in the germination. Bioassay also depicted that this inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentration of the extract as the higher concentration having a lesser stimulatory effect or vice versa. The phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites from foliar extracts of Leucaena leucocephala L. showed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, and flavanoids. Among various extracts, the presence of methanol extract was found in a significant amount of phytochemicals, followed by the aqueous and ethanol extracts. Leaves showed a significantly higher amount of the allelochemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathic%20effect" title="allelopathic effect">allelopathic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination%20%2Fgrowth%20behavior" title=" germination /growth behavior "> germination /growth behavior </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foliar%20extracts" title=" foliar extracts"> foliar extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leucaena%20leucceophala" title=" Leucaena leucceophala "> Leucaena leucceophala </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zea%20mays%20L." title=" Zea mays L."> Zea mays L.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126739/allelopathic-effect-of-foliar-extracts-of-leucaena-leucocephala-on-germination-and-growth-behavior-of-zea-mays-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15035</span> Inhibitory Impacts of Fulvic Acid-Coated Iron Oxide Nano Particles on the Amyloid Fibril Aggregations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20Jomehpour">Dalia Jomehpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Sheikhlary"> Sara Sheikhlary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Heydari"> Esmaeil Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossien%20Majles%20Ara"> Mohammad Hossien Majles Ara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we report fulvic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles of 10.7 ± 2.7 nm size, which serve to inhibit amyloid fibrillation formation. Although the effect of fulvic acid on tau fibrils was investigated, to our best knowledge, its inhibitory impacts on amyloid aggregation formation have been assessed neither in-vitro nor in-vivo. On the other hand, iron oxide nanoparticles exhibit anti-amyloid activity on their own. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of fulvic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles on amyloid aggregations formed from the commonly used in-vitro model, lysozyme from chicken egg white. FESEM, XRD, and FTIR characterization confirmed that fulvic acid was coated onto the surface of the nanoparticles. The inhibitory effects of the fulvic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles were verified by Thioflavin T assay, circular dichroism (CD), and FESEM analysis. Furthermore, the toxicity of the nanoparticles on the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y human cell line was assessed through an MTT assay. Our results indicate that fulvic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles can efficiently inhibit the formation of amyloid aggregations while exhibiting negligible in-vitro toxicity; thus, they can be used as anti-amyloid agents in the development of the potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title="Alzheimer’s disease">Alzheimer’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fulvic%20acid%20coated%20iron%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" fulvic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles"> fulvic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fulvic%20acid" title=" fulvic acid"> fulvic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloid%20inhibitor" title=" amyloid inhibitor"> amyloid inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152105/inhibitory-impacts-of-fulvic-acid-coated-iron-oxide-nano-particles-on-the-amyloid-fibril-aggregations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15034</span> Effect of Locally Produced Sweetened Pediatric Antibiotics on Streptococcus mutans Isolated from the Oral Cavity of Pediatric Patients in Syria - in Vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Nasani">Omar Nasani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaza%20Kouchaji"> Chaza Kouchaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muznah%20Alkhani"> Muznah Alkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maisaa%20Abd-alkareem"> Maisaa Abd-alkareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To evaluate the influence of sweetening agents used in pediatric medications on the growth of Streptococcus mutans colonies and its effect on the cariogenic activity in the oral cavity. No previous studies are registered yet in Syrian children. Methods: Specimens were isolated from the oral cavity of pediatric patients, then in-vitro study is applied on locally manufactured liquid pediatric antibiotic drugs, containing natural or synthetic sweeteners. The selected antibiotics are Ampicillin (sucrose), Amoxicillin (sucrose), Amoxicillin + Flucloxacillin (sorbitol), Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid (Sorbitol or sucrose). These antibiotics have a known inhibitory effect on gram positive aerobic/anaerobic bacteria especially Streptococcus mutans strains in children’s oral biofilm. Five colonies are studied with each antibiotic. Saturated antibiotics were spread on a 6mm diameter filter disc. Incubated culture media were compared with each other and with the control antibiotic discs. Results were evaluated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. The control group of antibiotic discs was resourced from Abtek Biologicals Ltd. Results: The diameter of inhibition zones around discs of antibiotics sweetened with sorbitol was larger than those sweetened with sucrose. The effect was most important when comparing Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (sucrose 25mm; versus sorbitol 27mm). The highest inhibitory effect was observed with the usage of Amoxicillin + Flucloxacillin sweetened with sorbitol (38mm). Whereas the lowest inhibitory effect was observed with Amoxicillin and Ampicillin sweetened with sucrose (22mm and 21mm). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that although all selected antibiotic produced an inhibitory effect on S. mutans, sucrose weakened the inhibitory action of the antibiotic to varying degrees, meanwhile antibiotic formulations containing sorbitol simulated the effects of the control antibiotic. This study calls attention to effects of sweeteners included in pediatric drugs on the oral hygiene and tooth decay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric" title="pediatric">pediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentistry" title=" dentistry"> dentistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics" title=" antibiotics"> antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streptococcus%20mutans" title=" streptococcus mutans"> streptococcus mutans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title=" biofilm"> biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sucrose" title=" sucrose"> sucrose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20free" title=" sugar free"> sugar free</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176094/effect-of-locally-produced-sweetened-pediatric-antibiotics-on-streptococcus-mutans-isolated-from-the-oral-cavity-of-pediatric-patients-in-syria-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15033</span> Effects of Sacubitril and Valsartan on Gut Microbiome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Ju%20Huang">Wei-Ju Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Pin%20Hsu"> Hung-Pin Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> [Background] In congestive heart failure (CHF), it has always been the principle of clinical treatment to control the water retention mechanism in the body to prevent excessive fluid retention. Early control of sympathetic nerves, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAA system, RAAS), or strengthening of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) was the point. In RAA system, related hormones, such as angiotensin, or enzymes in the pathway, such as ACE-I, can be used with corresponding inhibitors to reduce water content.[Aim] In recent years, clinical studies have pointed out that if different mechanisms are combined, the control effect seems to be better. For example, recent studies showed that ENTRESTO, a combination of Sacubitril and Valsartan, is a good new drug for CHF. Sacubitril is a prodrug. After activation, it can inhibit neprilysin and act as a neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) to reduce the breakdown of natriuretic peptides(ANP). Valsartan is a kind of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), both of which are used to treat heart failure at the same time, have excellent curative effects.[Materials and Methods] Considering the side effects of this drug, coughing and a few cases of diarrhea were observed. However, the effect of this drug on the patient's intestinal tract has not been confirmed. On the other hand, studies have pointed out that ANP supplement can improve the CHF and increase the inhibitory effect on cancer cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use a special microbial detection method to prove that whether oral drugs have an effect on microorganisms.The experimental method uses Nissui Compact Dry to observe the situation in different types of microorganisms. After the drug is dissolved in water, it is implanted in a petri dish, and the presence of different microorganisms is detected through different antibody reactions to confirm whether the drug has some toxicology in the gut.[Results and Discussion]From the above experimental results, it can be known that among the effects of Sacubitril and Valsartan on the basic microbial flora of the human body, low doses had no significant effect on Escherichia coli or intestinal bacteria. If Sacubitril or Valsartan with a high concentration of 3mg/ml is used alone or under the stimulation of a high concentration of the two drugs, it has a significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli. However, in terms of the effect on intestinal bacteria, high concentration of Sacubitril has a more significant inhibitory effect on intestinal bacteria, while high concentration of Valsartan has a less significant inhibitory effect on intestinal bacteria. The inhibitory effect of the combination of the two drugs on intestinal bacteria is also less significant.[Conclusion]The results of this study can be used as a further reference for the possible side effects of the clinical use of Sacubitril and Valsartan on the intestinal tract of patients, <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacubitril" title="sacubitril">sacubitril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valsartan" title=" valsartan"> valsartan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entresto" title=" entresto"> entresto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestive%20heart%20failure%20%28CHF%29" title=" congestive heart failure (CHF)"> congestive heart failure (CHF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171730/effects-of-sacubitril-and-valsartan-on-gut-microbiome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15032</span> Evaluation of Chemopreventive Activity of Medicinal Plant, Gromwell Seed against Tumor Promoting Stage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harukuni%20Tokuda">Harukuni Tokuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takanari%20Arai"> Takanari Arai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20FengHao"> Xu FengHao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobutaka%20Suzuki"> Nobutaka Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our continuous search for anti-tumor promoting, chemopreventive active potency from natural source material, a kind of healthy tea, Gromwell seed (Coix lachryma-jobi) ext., and including compounds Monoolein and Trilinolein have been screened using the in vitro synergistic assay indicated by inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by TPA. In assay, Gromwell seed aqueous extract and hot aqueous extract exhibited the potential inhibitory effects on EBV-EA activation without strong cytotoxicity on Raji cells. In our experimental system, the inhibitory effects of both Gromwell extracts and compounds were greater than that of beta-carotene, which is known anti-tumor promoting agent and/or chemopreventive agent. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effect on EBV-EA activation induced by TPA. The percentages of the inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-EA activation for these materials were 60% and 30% at concentration 100 μg. Based on the results obtained in vitro, we studied the inhibitory effect of compounds, in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin papilloma using DMBA as an initiator and TPA as a potential promoter. The control animals showed a 100% incidence of papilloma at 20 weeks after DMBA-TPA tumor promotion, while treatment with compounds reduced the percentage of number of tumor to 60 % after 20 weeks. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies showing chemopreventive activity against TPA promoting stage and these data support the effective potency of carcinogenic stage in clinical evaluation of integrative oncology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gromwell%20seed" title="gromwell seed">gromwell seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plant" title=" medicinal plant"> medicinal plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemoprevention" title=" chemoprevention"> chemoprevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20medicine" title=" pharmaceutical medicine"> pharmaceutical medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2252/evaluation-of-chemopreventive-activity-of-medicinal-plant-gromwell-seed-against-tumor-promoting-stage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15031</span> Inhibitory Effect of Potential Bacillus Probiotic Strains against Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeast Isolated from Oral Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fdhila%20Walid">Fdhila Walid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayar%20Sihem"> Bayar Sihem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khouidi%20Bochra"> Khouidi Bochra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C3%A2touk%20Fethi"> Maâtouk Fethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Amor%20Feten"> Ben Amor Feten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajer%20Hentati"> Hajer Hentati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdhi%20Abdelkarim"> Mahdhi Abdelkarim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of resistant bacteria in the oral cavity can be the major cause of dental antibiotic prophylaxis failure. Multidrug efflux has been described for many organisms, including bacteria and fungi as part of their drugs resistance strategy. The potential use of probiotic bacteria can be considered as a new alternative in the prevention or cure of oral cavity diseases. In this study, different Bacillus strains isolated from the environment were isolated and characterized using biochemical and molecular procedures. The inhibitory activity against different pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains was tested using diffusion agar assay method. Our data revealed that the tested strains have an antimicrobial effect against the pathogenic strains such as Streptococcus mutants. The inhibitory effect was variable depending from the probiotic and pathogenic strains. The obtained result demonstrated that Bacillus can be used as a potential candidates probiotic and help in the prevention and treatment of oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. Our data, partly encourage the use of probiotic strains because they do not produce acid which can contribute to faster installation decay and these are spore-forming bacteria that can withstand the stress of the oral cavity (acids, alkalis, and salty foods). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title="probiotic">probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" pathogenic bacteria"> pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cavity" title=" oral cavity"> oral cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1415/inhibitory-effect-of-potential-bacillus-probiotic-strains-against-pathogenic-bacteria-and-yeast-isolated-from-oral-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15030</span> β-Lactamase Inhibitory Effects of Anchusa azurea Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoual%20Boussoualim">Naoual Boussoualim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayat%20Trabsa"> Hayat Trabsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Krache"> Iman Krache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lekhmici%20Arrar"> Lekhmici Arrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Baghiani"> Abderrahmane Baghiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resistance to antibiotics has emerged following their widespread use; the important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in bacteria is the production of beta-lactamase. In order to find new bioactive beta-lactamase inhibitors, this study investigated the inhibition effect of the extracts of Anchusa azurea (AA) on a beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus. The extracts exerted inhibitory effects on beta-lactamase in a dose-dependent manner, the results showed that the crude extract (BrE) and the ethyl acetate extract (AcE) of Anchusa azurea showed a very high inhibitory activity at a concentration of 10 mg, the percentage of inhibition was between 58% and 68%. Not all extracts were as potent as the original inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, the isolation and the structural elucidation of the active constituents in these extracts will provide useful means in the development of beta -lactamase inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anchusa%20azurea" title="Anchusa azurea">Anchusa azurea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20product" title=" natural product"> natural product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics" title=" antibiotics"> antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-lactamase" title=" beta-lactamase"> beta-lactamase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitors" title=" inhibitors"> inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41796/v-lactamase-inhibitory-effects-of-anchusa-azurea-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15029</span> Human Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Effect, in vivo Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L. Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Boussoualim">N. Boussoualim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Trabsa"> H. Trabsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Krache"> I. Krache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aouachria"> S. Aouachria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boumerfeg"> S. Boumerfeg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Arrar"> L. Arrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Baghiani"> A. Baghiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study consisted in evaluating the antioxidant in vivo properties, anti-hemolytic and XOR inhibitory effect of Globularia alypum L. (GA) extracts. GA was submitted to extraction and fractionation to give crude (CrE), chloroformique (ChE), ethyle acetate (EAE) and aqueos (AqE) extracts. Total polyphenols contents of GA extracts were determined; EAE is the most rich in polyphenols (157,74±5,27 mg GAE/mg of extract). GA Extracts inhibited XO in a concentration-dependent manner, the EAE showed the highest inhibitory properties on the XOR activity (IC50=0,083±0,001 mg/ml), followed by CrE and ChE. The antioxidant activities of the CrE, EAE, and AqE were tested by an in vivo assay in mice, the plasma ability to inhibit DPPH radical was measured, The CrE was found to exhibit the greatest scavenger activity with 48.41±2.763%, followed by AqE and EAE (40.54±7.51% and 41.79±1.654%, respectively). Total antioxidant capacity of red blood cells was measured, from the kinetics of hemolysis obtained. The calculated HT50 reveal an extension of time for half hemolysis in all treated groups compared with the control group. CrE increase significantly HT50 (112,8±2,427). The hemolysis is lagged, indicating that endogenous antioxidants in the erythrocytes can trap radicals to protect them against free-radical-induced hemolysis. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by the disc diffusion method. Test microorganisms were; 4 Gram positive, 7 gram negative bacteria, most active extracts were EAE and CrE. We deduce a great relationship between the effect on the extracts antibacterial effect and their contents in flavonoid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Globularia%20alypum" title="Globularia alypum">Globularia alypum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xanthine%20oxidoreductase" title=" Xanthine oxidoreductase"> Xanthine oxidoreductase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo-antioxidant%20activity" title=" in vivo-antioxidant activity"> in vivo-antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemolysis" title=" hemolysis"> hemolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol" title=" polyphenol"> polyphenol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7332/human-xanthine-oxidase-inhibitory-effect-in-vivo-antioxidant-activity-of-globularia-alypum-l-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15028</span> Chemometric Estimation of Inhibitory Activity of Benzimidazole Derivatives by Linear Least Squares and Artificial Neural Networks Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20O.%20Podunavac-Kuzmanovi%C4%87"> Sanja O. Podunavac-Kuzmanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strahinja%20Z.%20Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87"> Strahinja Z. Kovačević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidija%20R.%20Jevri%C4%87"> Lidija R. Jevrić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stela%20Joki%C4%87"> Stela Jokić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of this paper is to correlate antibacterial behavior of benzimidazole derivatives with their molecular characteristics using chemometric QSAR (Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships) approach. QSAR analysis has been carried out on the inhibitory activity of benzimidazole derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus. The data were processed by linear least squares (LLS) and artificial neural network (ANN) procedures. The LLS mathematical models have been developed as a calibration models for prediction of the inhibitory activity. The quality of the models was validated by leave one out (LOO) technique and by using external data set. High agreement between experimental and predicted inhibitory acivities indicated the good quality of the derived models. These results are part of the CMST COST Action No. CM1306 "Understanding Movement and Mechanism in Molecular Machines". <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antibacterial" title="Antibacterial">Antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzimidazoles" title=" benzimidazoles"> benzimidazoles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometric" title=" chemometric"> chemometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QSAR." title=" QSAR."> QSAR.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32354/chemometric-estimation-of-inhibitory-activity-of-benzimidazole-derivatives-by-linear-least-squares-and-artificial-neural-networks-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15027</span> A Neuropsychological Investigation of the Relationship between Anxiety Levels and Loss of Inhibitory Cognitive Control in Ageing and Dementia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasreen%20Basoudan">Nasreen Basoudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Tales"> Andrea Tales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederic%20Boy"> Frederic Boy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-clinical anxiety may be comprised of state anxiety - temporarily experienced anxiety related to a specific situation, and trait anxiety - a longer lasting response or a general disposition to anxiety. While temporary and occasional anxiety whether as a mood state or personality dimension is normal, nonclinical anxiety may influence many more components of information processing than previously recognized. In ageing and dementia-related research, disease characterization now involves attempts to understand a much wider range of brain function such as loss of inhibitory control, as against the more common focus on memory and cognition. However, in many studies, the tendency has been to include individuals with clinical anxiety disorders while excluding persons with lower levels of state or trait anxiety. Loss of inhibitory cognitive control can lead to behaviors such as aggression, reduced sensitivity to others, sociopathic thoughts and actions. Anxiety has also been linked to inhibitory control, with research suggesting that people with anxiety are less capable of inhibiting their emotions than the average person. This study investigates the relationship between anxiety and loss of inhibitory control in younger and older adults, using a variety of questionnaires and computers-based tests. Based on the premise that irrespective of classification, anxiety is associated with a wide range of physical, affective, and cognitive responses, this study explores evidence indicative of the potential influence anxiety per se on loss of inhibitory control, in order to contribute to discussion and appropriate consideration of anxiety-related factors in methodological practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing" title=" ageing"> ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dementia" title=" dementia"> dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20control" title=" inhibitory control"> inhibitory control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71031/a-neuropsychological-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-anxiety-levels-and-loss-of-inhibitory-cognitive-control-in-ageing-and-dementia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15026</span> In vitro Determination of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition of the Flowers of Vanda Orchid, Vanda Tessellata Roxb. (1795) by Modified Colorimetric Maren T.H. (1960) Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Carlo%20Combista">John Carlo Combista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimbert%20Tan"> Jimbert Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The orchid, Vanda tessellata was chosen by the researchers because of the presence of the constituents in the family Orchidaceae such as alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides that might give an inhibition activity of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. This study aimed to determine the in vitro inhibition of carbonic anhydrase of Vanda tessellata flower extract. With the use of modified colorimetric Maren T.H. (1960) method, the time in seconds each test solution changed its color after the rate of CO2 hydration were recorded. Two solvents were used: the semi-polar, 95% ethanol and the non-polar, dichloromethane solvents. The percent inhibition activity of carbonic anhydrase of the different concentrations of solvents ethanol (1%, 25% and 50%) and dichloromethane (1% and 10%) test solutions were determined. Results showed that the ethanol-based extract of Vanda tessellata in different concentrations showed an inhibitory effect while the dichloromethane-based extract of Vanda tessellata showed no inhibitory effect of carbonic anhydrase activity. For ethanol extract, the concentration with the highest activity was 50% followed by 25% which changed its color from red to yellow with an average time of 13.11 seconds and 11.57 seconds but 1% with an average time of 7.56 seconds did not exhibit an effect. The researchers recommend the isolation of the specific active constituents of Vanda tessellata that is responsible for the inhibitory effect of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. It is also recommended to utilize different blood types to observe different reactions to the inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonic%20anhydrase" title="carbonic anhydrase">carbonic anhydrase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20colorimetric%20Maren%20TH%20method" title=" modified colorimetric Maren TH method"> modified colorimetric Maren TH method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanda%20orchid" title=" Vanda orchid"> Vanda orchid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78563/in-vitro-determination-of-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibition-of-the-flowers-of-vanda-orchid-vanda-tessellata-roxb-1795-by-modified-colorimetric-maren-th-1960-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15025</span> Inhibitory Activity of Podospermum canum and Its Active Components on Collagenase, Elastase and Hyaluronidase Enzymes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozlem%20Bahadir%20Acikara">Ozlem Bahadir Acikara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mert%20Ilhan"> Mert Ilhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekin%20Kurtul"> Ekin Kurtul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karel%20Smejkal"> Karel Smejkal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Kupeli%20Akkol"> Esra Kupeli Akkol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present study is aimed to investigate in vitro inhibitory effects of the extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Podospermum canum (Asteraceae) on hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase enzymes using a bioassay-guided fractionation. Inhibitory effects of the extract, sub-extracts, fractions obtained by column chromatography, and isolated compounds on collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase were performed by using in vitro enzyme inhibitory assays based on spectrophotometric evaluation. The ethyl acetate and remaining water extracts prepared from the plant displayed significant inhibitory activities on collagenase and elastase, while petroleum ether and chloroform extracts did not show any inhibitory activity. Eleven known compounds: arbutin, 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin, cichoriin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-rutinoside, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, procatechuic acid, and compound 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid 4-(6-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranosyl) benzyl ester have been obtained from ethyl acetate sub-extract of the plant through bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. Results of the present study have revealed that among the isolated compounds, apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-rutinoside and isoorientin showed potent enzyme inhibitory activities. However, methanolic extract of P. canum displayed a greater inhibitory activity than fractions and isolated compounds both on collagenase and elastase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagenase" title=" collagenase"> collagenase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastase" title=" elastase"> elastase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyaluronidase" title=" hyaluronidase"> hyaluronidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Podospermum%20canum" title=" Podospermum canum"> Podospermum canum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110764/inhibitory-activity-of-podospermum-canum-and-its-active-components-on-collagenase-elastase-and-hyaluronidase-enzymes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15024</span> The Effect of Arbutin Powder and Arctostaphylos uvaursi Aqueous Leaf Extract on Synthesis of Melanin by Madurella mycetomatis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Omer">Amina Omer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Elsiddig"> Ikram Elsiddig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arctostaphylos uvaursi is a plant of the family Ericaceae, it’s used in skin care products mostly for its depigmenting action, due to the presence of hydroquinones that are well known inhibitors of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis in humans. The main hydroquinone found within the A. uvaursi is arbutin, which is found with varying percentage within the plant depending on the season, and area from which the plant is harvested. An in vitro experiment has shown that the arbutin found within the bearberry leaf extract inhibited the biosynthesis of melanin in human melanoma cells and in three-dimensional human skin model. Madurella mycetomatis is filamentous fungus that causes the fungal form of mycetoma known as eumycetoma, with existing anti-fungals and surgery, only 35% of people living eumycetoma are treated, M. mycetomatis has been found to shield itself against the antifungal therapy through the production of melanin decreasing the effectiveness of the therapy, therefore there is a need for a new and more effective therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the effect of arbutin powder and aqueous extract of A. uvaursi containing arbutin on the biosynthesis of melanin by M. mycetomatis. The experiment was carried out by culturing M. mycetomatis on minimal media composed of 2% agar, 15 mM glucose, 10 mM MgSO4, 29.4 mM KH2PO4, 13 mM glycin and 80mg/l gentamicin, the media was supplied with different concentration of arbutin solution (5, 25 50,and 75mg) and aqueous extract of A. uvaursi to contain arbutin with concentrations (5, 25 50,and 75mg), the plates were incubated for two month and the result was observed by the naked eye. The results revealed that the arbutin powder had an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis by M. mycetomatis that correlated with its established inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in humans. The inhibitory effect of arbutin on melanin synthesis by M. mycetomatis was found to be dose dependent. A. uvaursi aqueous leaf extract containing arbutin was also found to decrease melanin production by M. mycetomatis, however plates containing high concentrations of aqueous extract couldn’t be assessed for its melanin inhibitory effect due to the high content of carbohydrates in the extract that promoted the growth of fungi Asperigullus niger rendering the plates unsuitable for visual inspection. In conclusion inhibition of melanin synthesis was observed on the arbutin powder as well as the aqueous extract containing arbutin. A. uvaursi is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, which can aid in wound healing that is beneficial in the chronic inflammation caused by M. mycetomatis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbutin" title="arbutin">arbutin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arctostaphylos" title=" arctostaphylos"> arctostaphylos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madurella" title=" Madurella"> Madurella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melanin" title=" melanin"> melanin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78170/the-effect-of-arbutin-powder-and-arctostaphylos-uvaursi-aqueous-leaf-extract-on-synthesis-of-melanin-by-madurella-mycetomatis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15023</span> Effect of Acetic Acid Fermentation on Bioactive Components and Anti-Xanthine Oxidase Activities in Vinegar Brewed from Monascus-Fermented Soybeans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Soon%20Choi">Kyung-Soon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Young%20Hwang"> Ji-Young Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Hee%20Pyo"> Young-Hee Pyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vinegars have been used as an alternative remedy for treating gout, but the scientific basis remains to be elucidated. In this study, acetic acid fermentation was applied for the first time to Monascus-fermented soybeans to examine its effect on the bioactive components together with the xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) activity of the soy vinegar. The content of total phenols (0.47~0.97 mg gallic acid equivalents/mL) and flavonoids (0.18~0.39 mg quercetin equivallents/mL) were spectrophotometrically determined, and the content of organic acid (10.22~59.76 mg/mL) and isoflavones (6.79~7.46 mg/mL) were determined using HPLC-UV. The analytical method for ubiquinones (0.079~0.276 μg/mL) employed saponification before solvent extraction and quantification using LC-MS. Soy vinegar also showed significant XOI (95.3%) after 20 days of acetic acid fermentation at 30 °C. The results suggest that soy vinegar has potential as a novel medicinal food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetic%20acid%20fermentation" title="acetic acid fermentation">acetic acid fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20component" title=" bioactive component"> bioactive component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soy%20vinegar" title=" soy vinegar"> soy vinegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthine%20oxidase%20inhibitory%20activity" title=" xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity"> xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66060/effect-of-acetic-acid-fermentation-on-bioactive-components-and-anti-xanthine-oxidase-activities-in-vinegar-brewed-from-monascus-fermented-soybeans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15022</span> In vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) with Different Stage of Maturity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Percin">P. S. Percin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Inanli"> O. Inanli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Karakaya"> S. Karakaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medicinal vegetable, which is used traditionally to remedy diabetes. Bitter melon contains several classes of primary and secondary metabolites. In traditional Turkish medicine bitter melon is used for wound healing and treatment of peptic ulcers. Nowadays, bitter melon is used for the treatment of diabetes and ulcerative colitis in many countries. The main constituents of bitter melon, which are responsible for the anti-diabetic effects, are triterpene, protein, steroid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds. In this study total phenolics, total carotenoids and β-carotene contents of mature and immature bitter melons were determined. In addition, in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities of mature and immature bitter melons were studied. Total phenolic contents of immature and mature bitter melon were 74 and 123 mg CE/g bitter melon respectively. Although total phenolics of mature bitter melon was higher than that of immature bitter melon, this difference was not found statistically significant (p > 0.05). Carotenoids, a diverse group of more than 600 naturally occurring red, orange and yellow pigments, play important roles in many physiological processes both in plants and humans. The total carotenoid content of mature bitter melon was 4.36 fold higher than the total carotenoid content of immature bitter melon. The compounds that have hypoglycaemic effect of bitter melon are steroidal saponins known as charantin, insulin-like peptides and alkaloids. α-Amylase is one of the main enzymes in human that is responsible for the breakdown of starch to more simple sugars. Therefore, the inhibitors of this enzyme can delay the carbohydrate digestion and reduce the rate of glucose absorption. The immature bitter melon extract showed α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. α-Amylase inhibitory activity was higher than that of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity when IC50 values were compared. In conclusion, the present results provide evidence that aqueous extract of bitter melon may have an inhibitory effect on carbohydrate breakdown enzymes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitter%20melon" title="bitter melon">bitter melon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20antidiabetic%20activity" title=" in vitro antidiabetic activity"> in vitro antidiabetic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20carotenoids" title=" total carotenoids"> total carotenoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenols" title=" total phenols"> total phenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81770/in-vitro-a-amylase-and-a-glucosidase-inhibitory-activities-of-bitter-melon-momordica-charantia-with-different-stage-of-maturity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15021</span> Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Salvia Officinalis and, Mentha Pulegium on Three Strains of Streptococcus Mutants, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus and, Actinomyces Viscosus Dental Caries in-vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nabahat">H. Nabahat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Amiri"> E. Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20AzaditalabDavoudabadi"> F. AzaditalabDavoudabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zaeri"> N. Zaeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tooth decay is one of the most common forms of oral and dental illness in the world, which causes huge costs of treatment, especially in high-risk groups such as people with oral dry mouth, prevention and control of it are very important. The use of traditional treatments such as extraction of drugs from medicinal plants is of paramount importance to Iran and the international community as well. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial effect of the extract of Salvia officinalis and Mentha pulegium, which are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of oral and teeth bacterial (Streptococcus mutant, Lactobacillus rhamnosis, and Actinomyces viscosis) in vitro method. In this experimental study, two herbs of Salvia and Mentha were prepared by maceration of hydroalcoholic extract, and the antibacterial effect was evaluated by broth macro dilution on streptococcal mutagen bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosis, and viscose actinomycosis. The results were analyzed by the Whitney Mann test (P > 0.05). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the salmonella extract for Streptococcus mutan were 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively, for lactobacillus of 1.56 and 3.12 μg/ml, respectively, and for actinomycosis viscose, The order of 12.5 and 100 μg/ml was obtained. As a result, broth macro dilution showed that both extracts of Salvia and Mentha had an inhibitory effect on all three species of bacteria. This effect for Salvia was significantly (P < 0.05) more than Mentha and was within the concentration range of both the extracts and had a bactericidal effect on all three bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20effect" title="antibacterial effect">antibacterial effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20bacteria" title=" dental bacteria"> dental bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20extracts" title=" herbal extracts "> herbal extracts </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salvia%20officinalis" title=" salvia officinalis"> salvia officinalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentha%20pulegium" title=" mentha pulegium"> mentha pulegium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133548/antibacterial-effect-of-hydroalcoholic-extract-of-salvia-officinalis-and-mentha-pulegium-on-three-strains-of-streptococcus-mutants-lactobacillus-rhamnosus-and-actinomyces-viscosus-dental-caries-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15020</span> Kinetics of Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Lycium Arabicum and Its Protective Effect against Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia and Renal Dysfunction in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naouel%20Boussoualim">Naouel Boussoualim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayat%20Trabsa"> Hayat Trabsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Krache"> Imane Krache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seddik%20Khennouf"> Seddik Khennouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Charef"> Noureddine Charef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lekhmici%20Arrar"> Lekhmici Arrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Baghiani"> Abderrahmane Baghiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To evaluate the in-vitro inhibition of xanthine oxidase (purified from bovine milk) by extracts of Lycium arabicum, as well as it is in vivo hypouricemic and renal protective effects. Methods: Four extracts of Lycium arabicum, methanol (CrE), chloroform (ChE), ethyl acetate (EaE) and aqueous (AqE) extracts, were screened for their total phenolics and potential inhibitory effects on purified bovine milk xanthine oxidase (XO) activity by measuring the formation of uric acid or superoxide radical. The mode of inhibition was investigated and compared with the standard drugs, allopurinol, quercitin, and catechin. To evaluate their hypouricemic effect, the extracts were administered to potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Results: The results showed that EaE had the highest content of phenolic compounds and was the most potent inhibitor of uric acid formation (IC50 = 0.017 ± 0.001 mg/mL) and formation of superoxide (IC50 = 0.035 ± 0.001 mg/ml). Lineweaver-Burk analysis showed that CrE and EaE inhibited XO competitively, whereas the inhibitory activities exerted by ChE and AqE were of a mixed type. Intraperetoneal injection of L. arabicum extracts (50 mg/kg) elicited hypouricemic actions in hyperuricemic mice. Hyperuricemic mice presented a serum uric acid concentration of 4.71 ± 0.29 mg/L but this was reduced to 1.78 ± 0.11 mg/L by EaE, which was the most potent hyporuricemic extract. Conclusion: L. arabicum fractions have a strong inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and and also have a significantly lowering effect on serum and liver creatinine and urea levels in hyperuricemic mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lycium%20arabicum" title="lycium arabicum">lycium arabicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uric%20acid" title=" uric acid"> uric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creatinine" title=" creatinine"> creatinine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superoxide" title=" superoxide"> superoxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperuricemia" title=" hyperuricemia"> hyperuricemia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41766/kinetics-of-inhibition-of-xanthine-oxidase-by-lycium-arabicum-and-its-protective-effect-against-oxonate-induced-hyperuricemia-and-renal-dysfunction-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15019</span> Storage of Maize Grains Using Powder and Oils of Commonly Used Medicinal Plants (Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola and Piper guineense)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20O.%20Adejumo">T. O. Adejumo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20S.%20Akinyemi"> O. S. Akinyemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Powders and oils of Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola and Piper guineense were tested as preservatives for the storage of maize grains for four weeks. The concentrations of the powders were 32.5gkg-1, 65.0gkg-1 and 97.5gkg-1 maize, while those of oils were 0.85mlkg-1, 0.50mlkg-1 and 0.75mlkg-1 maize respectively. Powders of the three botanicals at 97.5gkg-1 maize possessed insecticidal effect on Sitophilus zeamais and also inhibitory activities on Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and Fusarium verticillioides, while little effect was observed for other concentrations. Oils of the three botanicals at 0.50mlkg-1 and 0.75mlkg-1 maize showed an insecticidal effect on S. zeamais and also inhibitory activities on A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, F. verticillioides, Penicillium and Rhizopus species. Oils showed more potential as a protectant against fungal and insect pest in storage maize grains than powders. Powders and oils of A. melegueta, G. kola and P. guineense could be successfully used as biopesticides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aframomum%20melegueta" title="aframomum melegueta">aframomum melegueta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garcinia%20kola" title=" garcinia kola"> garcinia kola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder" title=" powder"> powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oils" title=" oils"> oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piper%20guineense" title=" piper guineense"> piper guineense</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35674/storage-of-maize-grains-using-powder-and-oils-of-commonly-used-medicinal-plants-aframomum-melegueta-garcinia-kola-and-piper-guineense" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15018</span> Effect of Cuminum Cyminum L. Essential Oil on Staphylococcus Aureus during the Manufacture, Ripening and Storage of White Brined Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Misaghi">Ali Misaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Akhondzadeh%20Basti"> Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadeghi"> Ehsan Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of major concern for clinical infection and food borne illness. Humans and most domesticated animals harbor S. aureus, and so we may expect staphylococci to be present in food products of animal origin or in those handled directly by humans, unless heat processing is applied to destroy them. Cuminum cyminum L. has been allocated the topic of some recent studies in addition to its well-documented traditional usage for treatment of toothache, dyspepsia, diarrhea, epilepsy and jaundice. The air-dried seed of the plant was completely immersed in water and subjected to hydro distillation for 3 h, using a clevenger-type apparatus. In this study, the effect of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (EO) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus in white brined cheese was evaluated. The experiment included different levels of EO (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 mL/ 100 mL milk) to assess their effects on S. aureus count during the manufacture, ripening and storage of Iranian white brined cheese for up to 75 days. The significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effects of EO (even at its lowest concentration) on this organism were observed. The significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect of the EO on S. aureus shown in this study may improve the scope of the EO function in the food industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil" title="cuminum cyminum L. essential oil">cuminum cyminum L. essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staphylococcus%20aureus" title=" staphylococcus aureus"> staphylococcus aureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20brined%20cheese" title=" white brined cheese"> white brined cheese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23074/effect-of-cuminum-cyminum-l-essential-oil-on-staphylococcus-aureus-during-the-manufacture-ripening-and-storage-of-white-brined-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15017</span> Discovery, Design and Synthesis of Some Novel Antitumor 1,2,4-Triazine Derivatives as C-Met Kinase Inhibitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20M.%20Labouta">Ibrahim M. Labouta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20H.%20El-Wakil"> Marwa H. El-Wakil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayam%20M.%20Ashour"> Hayam M. Ashour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Hassan"> Ahmed M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20N.%20Saudi"> Manal N. Saudi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is an attractive target for therapeutic treatment of cancers nowadays. Among the wide variety of heterocycles that have been explored for developing c-Met kinase inhibitors, the 1,2,4-triazines have been rarely investigated, although they are well known in the literature to possess antitumor activities. Herein we describe the design and synthesis of a novel series of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives possessing N-acylarylhydrazone moiety and another series combining the 1,2,4-triazine scaffold to the well-known anticancer drug 6-MP in order to explore their “double-drug” effect. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against three c-Met addicted cancer cell lines (A549, HT-29 and MKN-45). Most compounds showed moderate to excellent antiproliferative activity and four compounds showed potent inhibitory activity more than the reference drug Foretinib against one or more cancer cell lines. The obtained results revealed that the potent compounds are highly selective to A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) cancer cell line. The c-Met kinase inhibitory activity of the potent derivatives is still under investigation. The present study clearly demonstrates that the 1,2,4-triazine core ring exhibits promising antitumor activity with potential c-Met kinase inhibitory activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1" title="1">1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title="2">2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-triazine" title="4-triazine">4-triazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antitumor" title=" antitumor"> antitumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=c-Met%20inhibitor" title=" c-Met inhibitor"> c-Met inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-drug" title=" double-drug"> double-drug</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47612/discovery-design-and-synthesis-of-some-novel-antitumor-124-triazine-derivatives-as-c-met-kinase-inhibitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15016</span> Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Proteolysate Generated from Actinopyga lecanora in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdokht%20Sadeghvishkaei">Mahdokht Sadeghvishkaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizah%20Abdul-Hamid"> Azizah Abdul-Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Ismail"> Amin Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazamid%20Saari"> Nazamid Saari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypertension is a common and serious chronic health problem and known as the most important risk factor for development of many diseases such as stroke. Since angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is the key enzyme involved in blood pressure, one of the well accepted mechanisms to control hypertension is through ACE inhibition. The ACE inhibitory effect of Actinopyga lecanora (stone fish) proteolysate in vitro had been reported. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the ACE inhibitory potential of Actinopyga lecanora proteolysate in vivo in normotensive rats. Therefore the ACE inhibitory capability of the proteolysate to prevent increasing systolic blood pressure, after inducing hypertension by angiotensin I was examined. The pre-fed rats with the proteolysates at various doses (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) revealed the significant (p ≤ 0.05) suppression effect compared with control groups. Furthermore, different doses of the proteolysate (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) were examined to find its optimum effective dose. Results depicted that 800 mg proteolysate/kg body weight significantly reduced systolic blood pressure without negative effect on normal blood pressure (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, Sub-acute toxicity study based on OECD guideline demonstrated the safety of the proteolysate in vivo. The present study indicated that the proteolysate at a dose of 1000 mg/kg daily for 14 days did not cause toxicity signs such as death, changes in activity, or piloerection. Since there are no significant differences between treated groups and control groups, hematological and biochemical analysis confirmed safety of the proteolysate (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences between organs weights of the treated groups and the control groups. Morphologically, neither histopathological changes, nor gross abnormalities were observed. However, the proteolysate caused significant decrease in body weight in relation to the control groups (p ≤ 0.05) probably due to appetite stimulation by the proteolysate, leading to decreased food consumption in sub-acute group. It is concluded that the proteolysate generated from Actinopyga lecanora possess a significant anti-hypertensive effect and would be potentially used as natural alternative of ACE inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACE%20inhibition" title="ACE inhibition">ACE inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Actinopyga%20lecanora" title=" Actinopyga lecanora"> Actinopyga lecanora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-hypertensive%20activity" title=" anti-hypertensive activity"> anti-hypertensive activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20peptides" title=" bioactive peptides"> bioactive peptides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normotensive%20rats" title=" normotensive rats "> normotensive rats </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28391/anti-hypertensive-effect-of-proteolysate-generated-from-actinopyga-lecanora-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20effect&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20effect&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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