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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Praeses</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 142 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">142 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AC%E1%8B%9D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፕሬዝዳንት – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕሬዝዳንት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresittend" title="Foresittend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Foresittend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="رئيس – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AB_%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="رئيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رئیس‌جومهور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رئیس‌جومهور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзідэнт – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэзідэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзыдэнт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прэзыдэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persid%C3%A8n" title="Persidèn – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Persidèn" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamanatigi" title="Jamanatigi – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Jamanatigi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="রাষ্ট্রপতি – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্রপতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidant" title="Prezidant – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Prezidant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik" title="Predsjednik – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Predsjednik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Юрэнхылэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Юрэнхылэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABng-t%C5%ABng" title="Cūng-tūng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūng-tūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سەرۆک کۆمار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک کۆمار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlywydd" title="Arlywydd – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arlywydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sident" title="Præsident – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsident" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatspr%C3%A4sident" title="Staatspräsident – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatspräsident" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πρόεδρος – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title) – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="President (government title)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidanto_(respublikestro)" title="Prezidanto (respublikestro) – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prezidanto (respublikestro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehendakari" title="Lehendakari – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lehendakari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رئیس‌جمهور – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس‌جمهور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentti" title="Presidentti – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_d%27un_%C3%89tat" title="Président d'un État – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président d'un État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidint" title="Presidint – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Presidint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uachtar%C3%A1n" title="Uachtarán – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uachtarán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9zidan" title="Prézidan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Prézidan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidencia" title="Presidencia – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaghtyrane" title="Eaghtyrane – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eaghtyrane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAng-th%C3%BAng" title="Chúng-thúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chúng-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90" title="נשיא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik" title="Predsjednik – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidan" title="Prezidan – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Prezidan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eln%C3%B6k" title="Elnök – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elnök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Նախագահ – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախագահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidanto" title="Prezidanto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Prezidanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forseti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="大統領 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidh%C3%A8n" title="Présidhèn – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Présidhèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პრეზიდენტი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="대통령 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대통령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serokkomar" title="Serokkomar – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serokkomar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezid%C3%A1" title="Prezidá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Prezidá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidentas" title="Prezidentas – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prezidentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidents" title="Prezidents – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prezidents" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Претседател – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседател" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="പ്രസിഡന്റ് – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രസിഡന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Ерөнхийлөгч – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ерөнхийлөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="राष्ट्राध्यक्ष – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राष्ट्राध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8)" title="သမ္မတ (အစိုးရရာထူး) – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမ္မတ (အစိုးရရာထူး)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahtocatlahtoani" title="Tlahtocatlahtoani – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlahtocatlahtoani" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident" title="Président – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Président" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydent" title="Prezydent – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydent" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="صدر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صدر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ولسمشر – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولسمشر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umalliq" title="Umalliq – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Umalliq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C8%99edinte" title="Președinte – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Președinte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Презідент – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Презідент" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Бэрэсидьиэн – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бэрэсидьиэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preses" title="Preses – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Preses" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik" title="Predsjednik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Predsjednik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsednik" title="Predsednik – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predsednik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peresitene" title="Peresitene – Samoana" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Peresitene" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaxweyne" title="Madaxweyne – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Madaxweyne" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Председник – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_(politiskt_%C3%A4mbete)" title="President (politiskt ämbete) – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="President (politiskt ämbete)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rais" title="Rais – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rais" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/cung-tung" title="cung-tung – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="cung-tung" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="అధ్యక్షుడు – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అధ్యక్షుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Президент (унвони сарвари давлат) – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Президент (унвони сарвари давлат)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="ประธานาธิบดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประธานาธิบดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%9A%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፕረዚደንት – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፕረዚደንት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo" title="Pangulo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangulo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkan" title="Başkan – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86manpanin_(aban_abodin)" title="Ɔmanpanin (aban abodin) – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ɔmanpanin (aban abodin)" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="صدر جمہوریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدر جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng" title="Tổng thống – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng thống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangulo" title="Mangulo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mangulo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="总统 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="总统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პრეზიდენტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98" title="פרעזידענט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פרעזידענט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80%C3%A0r%E1%BA%B9" title="Ààrẹ – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ààrẹ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3ng-th%C3%B3ng" title="Chóng-thóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chóng-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMengameli_(isiqu_sakuhulumeni)" title="UMengameli (isiqu sakuhulumeni) – Zuluana" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMengameli (isiqu sakuhulumeni)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30461#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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1em; width: 234px; font-size: .88em; border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); text-align: center;"> <div style="padding-top:.4em">Unam legis e paginis de</div> <div style="font-size:150%; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Civilitas" title="Civilitas">civilitate</a></div> <div style="padding-bottom:.1em">disserentibus</div> <hr /> <div style="padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; font-size:90%"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Forma_administrationis" title="Forma administrationis">Formae administrationis</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchia" title="Anarchia">Anarchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratia" title="Democratia">Democratia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratia_socialis" title="Democratia socialis">Democratia socialis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foederatio" title="Foederatio">Foederatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatura" title="Dictatura">Dictatura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocratia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autocratia (non est haec pagina)">Autocratia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum">Regnum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia_constitutionalis" title="Monarchia constitutionalis">Monarchia constitutionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia_hereditaria" title="Monarchia hereditaria">Monarchia hereditaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchia_electiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchia electiva (non est haec pagina)">Monarchia electiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchia_absoluta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchia absoluta (non est haec pagina)">Monarchia absoluta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducatus" title="Ducatus">Ducatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica">Res publica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respublica_parlamentaria" title="Respublica parlamentaria">Respublica parlamentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respublica_praesidentialis" title="Respublica praesidentialis">Respublica praesidentialis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchia" title="Oligarchia">Oligarchia</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Tituli ductorum</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dux_civitatis" title="Dux civitatis">Dux civitatis</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Praeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanus" title="Sultanus">Sultanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzar" title="Tzar">Tzar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dux_rectionis" title="Dux rectionis">Dux rectionis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primus_minister" title="Primus minister">Primus minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praeses_consilii_ministrorum" title="Praeses consilii ministrorum">Praeses consilii ministrorum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(titulus)" title="Caesar (titulus)">Caesar (titulus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictator">Dictator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiralis" title="Amiralis">Amiralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">Senator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachus" title="Sachus">Sachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrannis" title="Tyrannis">Tyrannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa" title="Bassa">Bassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beigus" title="Beigus">Beigus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calipha" title="Calipha">Calipha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanus" title="Chanus">Chanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">Comes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">Consul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafio" title="Grafio">Grafio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knezus" title="Knezus">Knezus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lictor" title="Lictor">Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomarcha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomarcha (non est haec pagina)">Nomarcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharao" title="Pharao">Pharao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachus" title="Sachus">Sachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thainus" title="Thainus">Thainus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunus_plebis" title="Tribunus plebis">Tribunus plebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaivoda" title="Vaivoda">Vaivoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vezirus" title="Vezirus">Vezirus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia">Ideologiae</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchismus" title="Anarchismus">Anarchismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalismus" title="Capitalismus">Capitalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatismus" title="Conservatismus">Conservatismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmopolitanismus">Cosmopolitanismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascismus" title="Fascismus">Fascismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialismus" title="Imperialismus">Imperialismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalismus" title="Liberalismus">Liberalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalismus" title="Nationalismus">Nationalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus" title="Socialismus">Socialismus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratia_socialis" title="Democratia socialis">Democratia socialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus_saeculi_21" title="Socialismus saeculi 21">Socialismus saeculi 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communismus" title="Communismus">Communismus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideologia_viridis" title="Ideologia viridis">Ideologia viridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statismus" title="Statismus">Statismus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Trias_politica" title="Trias politica">Trias politica</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_legifera" title="Potestas legifera">Potestas legifera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlamentum" title="Parlamentum">Parlamentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatus">Senatus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">Potestas exsecutiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_iudicialis" title="Potestas iudicialis">Potestas iudicialis</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Factio_politica" title="Factio politica">Factiones</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_factionum_politicarum" title="Index factionum politicarum">Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Factiones_politicae_per_civitates_digestae" title="Categoria:Factiones politicae per civitates digestae">per civitates digestae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Factiones_politicae_per_ideologias_digestae" title="Categoria:Factiones politicae per ideologias digestae">per ideologias digestae</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Comitia" title="Comitia">Comitia</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragium" title="Suffragium">Suffragium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragium_universale" title="Suffragium universale">Suffragium universale</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div style="text-align:center"> Vide etiam<br /><a href="/wiki/Civitas_sui_iuris" title="Civitas sui iuris">Civitas sui iuris</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rectio" title="Rectio">Rectio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maiestas_(Ius_constitutionale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiestas (Ius constitutionale)">Maiestas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Titulus" title="Titulus">Titulus</a></div> </div></div> <p><b>Praeses</b>, vel Latinitate post <a href="/wiki/Augustus_(imperator)" title="Augustus (imperator)">Augustum</a> etiam <b>praesidens</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> est summus magistratus <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatum</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica">rerum publicarum</a> nonnullarum. Praesidis <a href="/wiki/Munus" class="mw-disambig" title="Munus">munus</a> et gradus dignitatis <a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">vocibus</a> <i>praesidium</i> et <i>praesidatus</i> significatur. </p><p>Ut scribit <a href="/wiki/Forcellini" class="mw-redirect" title="Forcellini">Forcellini</a>, in Latinitate classica <i>praeses</i>, ratione habita etymi, est "qui sedet ante alium, atque adeo qui alium custodit ac tuetur."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itaque idem significare potest ac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Custos_corporis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Custos corporis (non est haec pagina)">custos corporis</a>. Item significat qui <a href="/wiki/Provincia" title="Provincia">provinciam</a> regit, de quo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macer_(iuris_consultus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macer (iuris consultus) (non est haec pagina)">Macer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Digesta" title="Digesta">Digestis</a> Iustiniani scripsit: "Praesidis nomen generale est eoque et <a href="/wiki/Proconsul" title="Proconsul">proconsules</a> et <a href="/wiki/Legatus" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Legatus">legati</a> Caesaris et omnes provincias regentes, licet <a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">senatores</a> sint, praesides appellantur: proconsulis appellatio specialis est."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Index_praesidum_quibus_nunc_est_auctoritas">Index praesidum quibus nunc est auctoritas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeses&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Index praesidum quibus nunc est auctoritas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeses&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Index praesidum quibus nunc est auctoritas"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fatt%C4%81%E1%B8%A5_al-S%C4%ABs%C4%AB" title="Abd al-Fattāḥ al-Sīsī">Abd al-Fattāḥ al-Sīsī</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aegyptus" title="Aegyptus">Aegyptus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahlework_Zewde" title="Sahlework Zewde">Sahlework Zewde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1raf_%C4%A0an%C4%AB" title="Ašraf Ġanī">Ašraf Ġanī</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afgania" title="Afgania">Afgania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillus_Ramaphosa" title="Cyrillus Ramaphosa">Cyrillus Ramaphosa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Africa_Australis" title="Africa Australis">Africa Australis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Albertus Fernández">Albertus Fernández</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra Mason (non est haec pagina)">Alexandra Mason</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barbata" title="Barbata">Barbata</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovicus_Arce" title="Ludovicus Arce">Ludovicus Arce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brasilia" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chilia" title="Chilia">Chilia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosephus_Biden" title="Iosephus Biden">Iosephus Biden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae_Americae" title="Civitates Foederatae Americae">Civitates Foederatae Americae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Duque" title="Ioannes Duque">Ioannes Duque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia">Columbia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Tshisekedi" title="Felix Tshisekedi">Felix Tshisekedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Res_publica_democratica_Congensis" title="Res publica democratica Congensis">Res publica democratica Congensis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_Jaein" title="Mun Jaein">Mun Jaein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Respublica_Coreae" class="mw-redirect" title="Respublica Coreae">Respublica Coreae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erythraea" title="Erythraea">Erythraea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulus_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Saulus Niinistö">Saulus Niinistö</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnia" title="Finnia">Finnia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Gualterius_Steinmeier" title="Franciscus Gualterius Steinmeier">Franciscus Gualterius Steinmeier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Giammattei" title="Alexander Giammattei">Alexander Giammattei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guatimalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Guatimalia">Guatimalia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Sacellaropuli" title="Catharina Sacellaropuli">Catharina Sacellaropuli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Graecia" title="Graecia">Graecia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Higgins" title="Michael Higgins">Michael Higgins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hibernia_(res_publica)" title="Hibernia (res publica)">Hibernia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barham_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5" title="Barham Ṣāliḥ">Barham Ṣāliḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iracum" class="mw-redirect" title="Iracum">Iracum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Raisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebrahim Raisi">Ebrahim Raisi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irania" title="Irania">Irania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Mattarella" title="Sergius Mattarella">Sergius Mattarella</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Emmanuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andreas Emmanuel López Obrador">Andreas Emmanuel López Obrador</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexicum" title="Mexicum">Mexicum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahometus_Buhari" title="Mahometus Buhari">Mahometus Buhari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Alvi" title="Arif Alvi">Arif Alvi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistania" title="Pakistania">Pakistania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodericus_Duterte" title="Rodericus Duterte">Rodericus Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippinae" title="Philippinae">Philippinae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Duda" title="Andreas Duda">Andreas Duda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcellus Rebelo de Sousa">Marcellus Rebelo de Sousa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portugallia" title="Portugallia">Portugallia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Iohannis" title="Nicolaus Iohannis">Nicolaus Iohannis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirus_Putin" title="Vladimirus Putin">Vladimirus Putin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (<a href="/wiki/Res_Publica_Populi_Sinarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Res Publica Populi Sinarum">Res Publica Populi Sinarum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_%C4%8Caputov%C3%A1" title="Susanna Čaputová">Susanna Čaputová</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_al-Ba%C5%A1%C4%ABr" title="Umar al-Bašīr">Umar al-Bašīr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sudania" title="Sudania">Sudania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1%C5%A1%C4%81r_al-%CA%BEAsad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baššār al-ʾAsad">Baššār al-ʾAsad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirus_Zelens%27kyj" title="Vladimirus Zelens'kyj">Vladimirus Zelens'kyj</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ucrania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucrania">Ucrania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Maduro" title="Nicolaus Maduro">Nicolaus Maduro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Venetiola" title="Venetiola">Venetiola</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Index_praesidum_quibus_aliquando_erat_auctoritas">Index praesidum quibus aliquando erat auctoritas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeses&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Index praesidum quibus aliquando erat auctoritas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeses&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Index praesidum quibus aliquando erat auctoritas"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anscharius_Aloisius_Scalfaro" title="Anscharius Aloisius Scalfaro">Anscharius Aloisius Scalfaro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Azelius_Ciampi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Azelius Ciampi">Carolus Azelius Ciampi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Ahtisaari" title="Martinus Ahtisaari">Martinus Ahtisaari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnia" title="Finnia">Finnia</a>)</li> <li>Item <a href="/wiki/Index_praesidum_Civitatum_Foederatarum_Americae" title="Index praesidum Civitatum Foederatarum Americae">index praesidum Civitatum Foederatarum Americae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Praesides_Civitatum_Foederatarum_Americae" title="Categoria:Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae">Categoria:Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae_Americae" title="Civitates Foederatae Americae">Civitates Foederatae Americae</a>)</li> <li>Item <a href="/wiki/Index_praesidum_foederalium_(Germaniae)" class="mw-redirect" title="Index praesidum foederalium (Germaniae)">Index praesidum foederalium Germaniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>)</li> <li>Item <a href="/wiki/Index_praesidum_Russiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Index praesidum Russiae">Index praesidum Russiae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Praesides_Russiae" title="Categoria:Praesides Russiae">Categoria:Praesides Russiae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caput_civitatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Caput civitatis">Caput civitatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictator">Dictator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dux_civitatis" title="Dux civitatis">Dux civitatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impedimentum" title="Impedimentum">Impedimentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">Potestas exsecutiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primus_minister" title="Primus minister">Primus minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarcha" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarcha">Monarcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praeses_vicarius" title="Praeses vicarius">Praeses vicarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respublica_praesidentialis" title="Respublica praesidentialis">Respublica praesidentialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">Rex</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nota">Nota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeses&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeses&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nota"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_%26_Short&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis & Short (non est haec pagina)">Lewis & Short</a>, s.v. '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dpraesideo">praesidens</a>": "praesĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst.: a president, director, ruler (post-Aug. for praeses)". Exemplum recente: "Praesidens Civitatum Americae Unitarum iterum designatus est Barack Obama", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yle.fi/radio1/tiede/nuntii_latini/"><i>Nuntii Latin</i></a>, 9 Novembris 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:P_literature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/20px-P_literature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/30px-P_literature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/40px-P_literature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <i>Haec pagina verba incorporat ex <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Forcellini" title="Aegidius Forcellini">Aegidii Forcellini</a> </i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Totius_Latinitatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexicon Totius Latinitatis">Lexico Totius Latinitatis</a><i>, 1775. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexica.linguax.com/forc.php">Versio interretialis</a></i> s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexica.linguax.com/forc.php?searchedLG=praeses">"praeses."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Digesta_Iustiniani" class="mw-redirect" title="Digesta Iustiniani">Digesta Iustiniani</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latin.packhum.org/loc/2806/2/17/125-140@1">1.18.1.pr.</a></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praeses&oldid=3699175">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praeses&oldid=3699175</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Gubernatio" title="Categoria:Gubernatio">Gubernatio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Tituli" title="Categoria:Tituli">Tituli</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Societas" title="Categoria:Myrias Societas">Myrias Societas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 24 Augusti 2022 hora 03:08 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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