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id="toc-2013–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Corporate structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acquisitions_and_subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions_and_subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Acquisitions and subsidiaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions_and_subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Products and services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products and services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VoIP_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VoIP_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 VoIP services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VoIP_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hosted_Collaboration_Solution_(HCS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hosted_Collaboration_Solution_(HCS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hosted_Collaboration_Solution_(HCS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network_Emergency_Response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network_Emergency_Response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Network Emergency Response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network_Emergency_Response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Certifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards_and_accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Awards and accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Sponsorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shareholder_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shareholder_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Shareholder relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shareholder_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intellectual_property_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_property_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Intellectual property disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_property_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_in_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_in_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Censorship in China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_in_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax_fraud_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_fraud_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Tax fraud investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_fraud_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antitrust_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antitrust_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Antitrust lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antitrust_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remotely_monitoring_users'_connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remotely_monitoring_users'_connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Remotely monitoring users' connections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remotely_monitoring_users'_connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firewall_backdoor_developed_by_NSA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firewall_backdoor_developed_by_NSA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Firewall backdoor developed by NSA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firewall_backdoor_developed_by_NSA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spherix_patent_suit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spherix_patent_suit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Spherix patent suit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spherix_patent_suit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_net_censorship_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_net_censorship_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 India net censorship role </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_net_censorship_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caste_discrimination_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caste_discrimination_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Caste discrimination lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caste_discrimination_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xinjiang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xinjiang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 Xinjiang </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xinjiang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Cisco</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="سيسكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيسكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="سیسکو سیستمز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیسکو سیستمز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="সিসকো সিস্টেমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিসকো সিস্টেমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Сиско Систъмс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сиско Систъмс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="سیسکو سیستمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیسکو سیستمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B" title="સિસ્કો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિસ્કો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C%EC%A6%88" title="시스코 시스템즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시스코 시스템즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="सिस्को सिस्टम्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिस्को सिस्टम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA" title="סיסקו מערכות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיסקו מערכות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಿಸ್ಕೋ ಕಂಪನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಸ್ಕೋ ಕಂಪನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B" title="സിസ്‌കോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിസ്‌കോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="सिस्को सिस्टिम्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिस्को सिस्टिम्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="စစ်စကို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စစ်စကို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="シスコシステムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シスコシステムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="سیسکۆ سیستمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیسکۆ سیستمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="சிஸ்கோ சிஸ்டம்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிஸ்கோ சிஸ்டம்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B" title="సిస్కో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిస్కో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Cisco Systems" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cisco" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Sysco" title="Sysco">Sysco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sisq%C3%B3" title="Sisqó">Sisqó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a>, or <a href="/wiki/COSCO" title="COSCO">Cosco</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cisco_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cisco (disambiguation)">Cisco (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Cisco Systems, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg/220px-Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg/330px-Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg/440px-Cisco_logo_blue_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="114" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2006, representing the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75th-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_(Building_10),_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_%28Building_10%29%2C_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg/250px-Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_%28Building_10%29%2C_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_%28Building_10%29%2C_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg/375px-Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_%28Building_10%29%2C_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_%28Building_10%29%2C_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg/500px-Cisco_Systems_Headquarters_%28Building_10%29%2C_Cisco_San_Jose_Main_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="814" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Building 10 of the Cisco San Jose Main Campus</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/csco">CSCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> component</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJIA" class="mw-redirect" title="DJIA">DJIA</a> component</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&P 100">S&P 100</a> component</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=US17275R1023">US17275R1023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Networking_hardware" title="Networking hardware">Networking hardware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Networking_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Networking software">Networking software</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">December 10, 1984; 40 years ago (1984-12-10) in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bosack" title="Leonard Bosack">Leonard Bosack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Lerner" title="Sandy Lerner">Sandy Lerner</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robbins" title="Chuck Robbins">Chuck Robbins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cisco_products" title="List of Cisco products">List of Cisco products</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>53.80 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a> (2024)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$12.18 billion (2024)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$10.32 billion (2024)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$124.4 billion (2024)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$45.46 billion (2024)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">90,400 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisco.com/">cisco.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references Financials as of July 27, 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Cisco Systems, Inc. (using the <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> Cisco) is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital communications">digital communications</a> technology <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> corporation headquartered in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells <a href="/wiki/Networking_hardware" title="Networking hardware">networking hardware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">telecommunications equipment</a> and other <a href="/wiki/High-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High-technology">high-technology</a> services and products.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Sep-2012-10-K-4">[4]</a> Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> (IoT), <a href="/wiki/Internet_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet domain">domain security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">videoconferencing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Energy_management" title="Energy management">energy management</a> with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cisco_products" title="List of Cisco products">products</a> including <a href="/wiki/Webex" class="mw-redirect" title="Webex">Webex</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenDNS" title="OpenDNS">OpenDNS</a>, <a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">Jabber</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://duo.com/">Duo Security</a>, Silicon One, and <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Jasper" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Jasper">Jasper</a>. Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bosack" title="Leonard Bosack">Leonard Bosack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Lerner" title="Sandy Lerner">Sandy Lerner</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> computer scientists who had been instrumental in connecting computers at Stanford. They pioneered the concept of a <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> (LAN) being used to connect distant computers over a multiprotocol <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router system</a>. The company went public in 1990 and, by the end of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> in 2000, had a market capitalization of $500 billion, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> as the world's most valuable company.<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Cisco stock (CSCO) was added to the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russell_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell 1000">Russell 1000</a>, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock indices.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984–1995:_Origins_and_initial_growth">1984–1995: Origins and initial growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1984–1995: Origins and initial growth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_(AGS)_router_(1986)_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_%28AGS%29_router_%281986%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg/220px-Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_%28AGS%29_router_%281986%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_%28AGS%29_router_%281986%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg/330px-Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_%28AGS%29_router_%281986%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_%28AGS%29_router_%281986%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg/440px-Cisco_Advanced_Gateway_Server_%28AGS%29_router_%281986%29_-_Computer_History_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cisco's first router, the Advanced Gateway Server (AGS) router (1986)</figcaption></figure> Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Lerner" title="Sandy Lerner">Sandy Lerner</a> along with her husband <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bosack" title="Leonard Bosack">Leonard Bosack</a>. Lerner was the director of computer facilities for the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Stanford Graduate School of Business">Stanford University Graduate School of Business</a>. Bosack was in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> department's computers.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Cisco's initial product has roots in Stanford University's campus technology. In the early 1980s students and staff at Stanford, including Bosack, used technology on the campus to link all of the school's computer systems to talk to one another, creating a box that functioned as a multiprotocol router called the "Blue Box".<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> The Blue Box used circuitry made by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Bechtolsheim" title="Andy Bechtolsheim">Andy Bechtolsheim</a>, and software that was originally written at Stanford by research engineer <a href="/wiki/William_Yeager" title="William Yeager">William Yeager</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> Due to the underlying architecture, and its ability to scale well, Yeager's well-designed invention became a key to Cisco's early success.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In 1985, Bosack and Stanford employee Kirk Lougheed began a project to formally network Stanford's campus.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> They adapted Yeager's software into what became the foundation for <a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS" title="Cisco IOS">Cisco IOS</a>, despite Yeager's claims that he had been denied permission to sell the Blue Box commercially. On July 11, 1986, Bosack and Lougheed were forced to resign from Stanford and the university contemplated filing criminal complaints against Cisco and its founders for the theft of its software, hardware designs, and other intellectual properties.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> In 1987, Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to Cisco.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> In addition to Bosack, Lerner, Lougheed, Greg Satz (a programmer), and Richard Troiano (who handled sales), completed the early Cisco team.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> The company's first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Acquisition-12">[12]</a> In 1988, <a href="/wiki/John_Morgridge" title="John Morgridge">John Morgridge</a> was appointed CEO.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, which is why the company's engineers insisted on using the lower case "cisco" in its early years.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The logo is a stylized depiction of the two towers of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75th-1">[1]</a> On February 16, 1990, Cisco Systems went public with a market capitalization of $224 million, and was listed on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> stock exchange. On August 28, 1990, Lerner was fired. Upon hearing the news, her husband Bosack resigned in protest.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Classical, CPU-based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with flexibility of operating system <a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS" title="Cisco IOS">IOS</a> allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades. Some popular models of that time (such as <a href="/wiki/Cisco_2500" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco 2500">Cisco 2500</a>) managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged. The company was quick to capture the emerging service provider environment, entering the SP market with product lines such as Cisco 7000 and Cisco 8500.<a href="#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a> Between 1992 and 1994, Cisco acquired several companies in <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet switch">Ethernet switching</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Kalpana_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalpana (company)">Kalpana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Grand Junction<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and most notably, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Mazzola" title="Mario Mazzola">Mario Mazzola</a>'s Crescendo Communications,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> which together formed the <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst" title="Cisco Catalyst">Catalyst</a> business unit. At the time, the company envisioned <a href="/wiki/Network_layer" title="Network layer">layer 3</a> routing and <a href="/wiki/Data_link_layer" title="Data link layer">layer 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Token_Ring" title="Token Ring">Token Ring</a>) switching as complementary functions of different intelligence and architecture—the former was slow and complex, the latter was fast but simple. This philosophy dominated the company's product lines throughout the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/John_Morgridge" title="John Morgridge">John Morgridge</a> was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/John_T._Chambers" title="John T. Chambers">John T. Chambers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Sep-1995-PRE-14A-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–2005:_Internet_and_silicon_intelligence">1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg/220px-John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg/330px-John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg/440px-John_T._Chambers_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_T._Chambers" title="John T. Chambers">John T. Chambers</a> led Cisco as its CEO between 1995 and 2015. (Pictured at 2010 <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>).</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> (IP) became widely adopted in the mid-to-late 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-:4-23">[23]</a> Cisco introduced products ranging from modem access shelves (AS5200) to core <a href="/wiki/Cisco_12000" title="Cisco 12000">GSR</a> routers, making them a major player in the market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-23">[23]</a> In late March 2000, at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, Cisco became the most valuable company in the world, with a <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of more than $500 billion.<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> As of July 2014, with a market cap of about US$129 billion,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> it was still one of the most valuable companies.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the formation of several startups determined to find new ways to process IP and <a href="/wiki/MPLS" class="mw-redirect" title="MPLS">MPLS</a> packets entirely in hardware and blur boundaries between routing and switching. One of them, <a href="/wiki/Juniper_Networks" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a>, shipped their first product in 1999 and by 2000 chipped away about 30% from Cisco SP Market share. In response, Cisco later developed homegrown <a href="/wiki/ASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIC">ASICs</a> and fast processing cards for GSR routers and <a href="/wiki/Catalyst_6500" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst 6500">Catalyst 6500</a> switches. In 2004, Cisco also started the migration to new high-end hardware <a href="/wiki/Cisco_CRS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco CRS-1">CRS-1</a> and software architecture <a href="/wiki/IOS-XR" class="mw-redirect" title="IOS-XR">IOS XR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–2012:_The_Human_Network">2006–2012: The Human Network</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006–2012: The Human Network">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_the_United_States_23_June_2010-2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Russian President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> and California Gov. <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> at Cisco, 2010<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></figcaption></figure> As part of a rebranding campaign in 2006, Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name "Cisco" and created "The Human Network" advertising campaign.<a href="#cite_note-human-network-29">[29]</a> These efforts were meant to make Cisco a "household" brand—a strategy designed to support the low-end Linksys products and future consumer products.<a href="#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a> On the more traditional business side, Cisco continued to develop its routing, switching and security portfolio. The quickly growing importance of <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> also influenced the company's product lines. Limits of <a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS" title="Cisco IOS">IOS</a> and aging Crescendo architecture also forced Cisco to look at merchant silicon in the carrier Ethernet segment. This resulted in a new <a href="/wiki/ASR9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ASR9000">ASR 9000</a> product family intended to consolidate the company's carrier Ethernet and subscriber management business around <a href="/wiki/EZchip_Semiconductor" title="EZchip Semiconductor">EZChip</a>-based hardware and <a href="/wiki/IOS-XR" class="mw-redirect" title="IOS-XR">IOS-XR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a> In March 2007, Cisco acquired Reactivity Inc, a privately held XML gateway provider based in <a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City, California</a>. Cisco placed the Reactivity team and product portfolio under its Datacenter Switching and Security Technology Group, which reported to the company's then senior vice president <a href="/wiki/Jayshree_Ullal" title="Jayshree Ullal">Jayshree Ullal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Throughout the mid-2000s, Cisco also built a significant presence in India, establishing its Globalization Centre East in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> for $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Segal2011-31">[31]</a> Cisco also expanded into new markets by acquisition—one example being a 2009 purchase of mobile specialist <a href="/wiki/Starent_Networks" title="Starent Networks">Starent Networks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Cisco continued to be challenged by both domestic competitors <a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniper_Networks" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a>, and an overseas competitor <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>. Due to lower-than-expected profit in 2011, Cisco reduced annual expenses by $1 billion. The company cut around 3,000 employees with an early-retirement program who accepted a buyout and planned to eliminate as many as 10,000 jobs (around 14 percent of the 73,400 total employees before curtailment).<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> During the 2011 analyst call, Cisco's CEO John Chambers called out several competitors by name,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> including Juniper and HP. On July 24, 2012, Cisco received approval from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> to acquire NDS (a TV software developer) for US$5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 2013, Cisco sold its Linksys home-router unit to Belkin International Inc., signaling a shift to sales to businesses rather than consumers.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013–present">2013–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2013–present">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaco_na_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cavaco_na_California.jpg/220px-Cavaco_na_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cavaco_na_California.jpg/330px-Cavaco_na_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Cavaco_na_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Former Portuguese President <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Cavaco_Silva" title="Aníbal Cavaco Silva">Cavaco Silva</a>, former Cisco CEO <a href="/wiki/John_T._Chambers" title="John T. Chambers">John Chambers</a> and Cisco Senior Director of Innovation <a href="/wiki/Helder_Antunes" title="Helder Antunes">Helder Antunes</a>, during the 2011 presidential visit to the US</figcaption></figure> On July 23, 2013, Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire <a href="/wiki/Sourcefire" title="Sourcefire">Sourcefire</a> for $2.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> On August 14, 2013, Cisco Systems announced it would cut 4,000 jobs from its workforce, which was roughly 6%, starting in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> At the end of 2013, Cisco announced poor revenue due to depressed sales in emerging markets, caused by economic uncertainty and by fears of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> planting backdoors in its products.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In April 2014, Cisco announced funding for early-stage firms to focus on the Internet of Things. The investment fund was allocated to investments in IoT accelerators and startups such as The Alchemist Accelerator, Ayla Networks and <a href="/wiki/EVRYTHNG" title="EVRYTHNG">EVRYTHNG</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Later that year, the company announced it was laying off another 6,000 workers or 8% of its global workforce, as part of a second restructuring.<a href="#cite_note-CiscoRestructure-42">[42]</a> On November 4, 2014, Cisco announced an investment in <a href="/wiki/Stratoscale" title="Stratoscale">Stratoscale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> On May 4, 2015, Cisco announced <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> and Chairman <a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(CEO)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Chambers (CEO)">John Chambers</a> would step down as CEO on July 26, 2015, but remain chairman. <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robbins" title="Chuck Robbins">Chuck Robbins</a>, senior vice president of worldwide sales & operations and 17-year Cisco veteran, was announced as the next CEO.<a href="#cite_note-newCEO-44">[44]</a> On July 23, 2015, Cisco announced the divestiture of its television set-top-box and <a href="/wiki/Cable_modem" title="Cable modem">cable modem</a> business to <a href="/wiki/Technicolor_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Technicolor SA">Technicolor SA</a> for $600 million,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> a division originally formed by Cisco's $6.9 billion purchase of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Atlanta" title="Scientific Atlanta">Scientific Atlanta</a>. The deal came as part of Cisco's gradual exit from the consumer market, and as part of an effort by Cisco's new leadership to focus on cloud-based products in enterprise segments. Cisco indicated that it would still collaborate with Technicolor on video products.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-stbsale-46">[46]</a> On November 19, 2015, Cisco, alongside <a href="/wiki/ARM_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Holdings">ARM Holdings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/OpenFog_Consortium" title="OpenFog Consortium">OpenFog Consortium</a>, to promote interests and development in <a href="/wiki/Fog_computing" title="Fog computing">fog computing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In January 2016, Cisco invested in VeloCloud, a software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) start-up with a cloud offering for configuring and optimizing branch office networks. Cisco contributed to VeloCloud's $27 million Series C round, led by March Capital Partners.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In February 2017, Cisco launched a cloud-based secure internet gateway, called Cisco Umbrella, to provide safe internet access to users who do not use their corporate networks or VPNs to connect to remote data centers.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Immediately after reporting their fourth-quarter earnings for 2017, Cisco's price-per-share value jumped by over 7%, while its <a href="/wiki/Earnings_per_share" title="Earnings per share">earnings per share</a> ratio increased from 60 to 61 cents per share, due in part to Cisco's outperformance of analyst expectations.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In September 2017, Chambers announced that he would step down from the executive chairman role at the end of his term on the board in December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On December 11, 2017, Robbins was elected to succeed Chambers as executive chairman while retaining his role as CEO, and Chambers was given the title of "Chairman Emeritus".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Reuters reported that "Cisco Systems Inc's (CSCO.O) product revenue in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> grew 20 percent in 2017, ahead of Cisco's technology product revenue growth in the other so-called BRIC countries of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On May 1, 2018, Cisco Systems agreed to buy AI-driven business intelligence startup Accompany for $270 million.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> As of June 2018, Cisco Systems ranked 444th on Forbes Global 2000 list, with $221.3 billion market cap.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2019, Cisco acquired CloudCherry, a customer experience management company, and Voicea, an artificial intelligence company.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 2019, Cisco also introduced the "Silicon One" <a href="/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit" title="Application-specific integrated circuit">ASIC chip</a> with the G100 model reaching a speed of 25.6 Tbit/s.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The Silicon One competes against the Tomahawk series by <a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom</a> the <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia Spectrum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell Teralynx</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> Tofino.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In 2023, the Silicon One G200 will offer a speed of 51.2 Tbit/sec.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In March 2020, SVP and GM of Enterprise Networking David Goeckeler left to become CEO of <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a>. and was replaced by Todd Nightingale, head of <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Meraki" title="Cisco Meraki">Cisco Meraki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In October 2022, Cisco announced a partnership adding the Microsoft Teams app to its meeting devices.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In 2022, Cisco completely curtailed sales of its equipment in Russia due to <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, and completely discontinued service for already-sold devices. In April 2023, it became known that the company had destroyed equipment, spare parts, and even vehicles and office furniture worth 1.86 billion rubles (about $23 million) due to the impossibility of re-exporting.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In February 2023, Cisco also wrote off the debt of the Russian mobile operator <a href="/wiki/MTS_(network_provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTS (network provider)">MTS</a> in the amount of 1.234 billion rubles. As expected, these are unpaid amounts for previous equipment deliveries.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In 2023, Cisco announced plans to begin manufacturing equipment in India.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On 15 February 2024, Cisco announced it would lay off more than 4,000 employees, or 5% of its global workforce, and lowered its annual revenue forecast due to economic challenges and reduced demand from telecom and cable service providers.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On 24 April 2024, Chuck Robbins, CEO of Cisco, met with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> and signed the Rome Call for AI ethics at the Vatican, endorsing the document's principles for responsible and ethical AI use.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance">Finance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Finance">edit</a>]</div> For the fiscal year 2023, Cisco reported earnings of US$12.6 billion, with an annual revenue of US$57 billion, an increase of 10.6% over the previous fiscal cycle. Cisco's shares traded at over $43 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$213.2 billion in September 2018. <table class="wikitable float-left sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue (mil. US$) </th> <th>Net income (mil. US$) </th> <th>Total assets (mil. US$) </th> <th>Price per share (US$) </th> <th>Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>2000<a href="#cite_note-:0-73">[73]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001<a href="#cite_note-:0-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>22,293 </td> <td>−1,014 </td> <td>35,238 </td> <td>16.69 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002<a href="#cite_note-:0-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>18,915 </td> <td>1,893 </td> <td>37,795 </td> <td>11.80 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003<a href="#cite_note-:1-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>18,878 </td> <td>3,578 </td> <td>37,107 </td> <td>14.38 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004<a href="#cite_note-:1-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>22,045 </td> <td>4,401 </td> <td>35,594 </td> <td>17.44 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005<a href="#cite_note-:1-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>24,801 </td> <td>5,741 </td> <td>33,883 </td> <td>14.67 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> </td> <td>28,484 </td> <td>5,580 </td> <td>43,315 </td> <td>17.45 </td> <td>49,930 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </td> <td>34,922 </td> <td>7,333 </td> <td>53,340 </td> <td>23.07 </td> <td>61,560 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td> <td>39,540 </td> <td>8,052 </td> <td>58,734 </td> <td>18.15 </td> <td>66,130 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td> <td>36,117 </td> <td>6,134 </td> <td>68,128 </td> <td>16.14 </td> <td>65,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> </td> <td>40,040 </td> <td>7,767 </td> <td>81,130 </td> <td>18.74 </td> <td>70,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td> <td>43,218 </td> <td>6,490 </td> <td>87,095 </td> <td>14.10 </td> <td>71,830 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td> <td>46,061 </td> <td>8,041 </td> <td>91,759 </td> <td>15.34 </td> <td>66,640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td> <td>48,607 </td> <td>9,983 </td> <td>101,191 </td> <td>19.20 </td> <td>75,049 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> </td> <td>47,142 </td> <td>7,853 </td> <td>105,070 </td> <td>21.22 </td> <td>74,042 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>49,161 </td> <td>8,981 </td> <td>113,373 </td> <td>25.09 </td> <td>71,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </td> <td>49,247 </td> <td>10,739 </td> <td>121,652 </td> <td>26.83 </td> <td>73,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </td> <td>48,005 </td> <td>9,609 </td> <td>129,818 </td> <td>31.97 </td> <td>72,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </td> <td>49,330 </td> <td>110 </td> <td>108,784 </td> <td>43.65 </td> <td>74,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </td> <td>51,904 </td> <td>11,621 </td> <td>97,793 </td> <td>55.84 </td> <td>75,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </td> <td>49,301 </td> <td>11,214 </td> <td>97,793 </td> <td>— </td> <td>77,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td> <td>49,818 </td> <td>10,591 </td> <td>97,497 </td> <td>— </td> <td>79,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td> <td>51,557 </td> <td>11,812 </td> <td>94,002 </td> <td>— </td> <td>83,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>56,998 </td> <td>12,613 </td> <td>101,852 </td> <td>— </td> <td>84,900 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_structure">Corporate structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Corporate structure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisitions_and_subsidiaries">Acquisitions and subsidiaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Acquisitions and subsidiaries">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Cisco" title="List of acquisitions by Cisco">List of acquisitions by Cisco</a></div> Cisco acquired a variety of companies to spin products and talent into the company. In 1995–1996 the company completed 11 acquisitions.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Several acquisitions, such as <a href="/wiki/Stratacom" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratacom">Stratacom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fisher-94">[94]</a> were one of the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired <a href="/wiki/Cerent_Corporation" title="Cerent Corporation">Cerent Corporation</a>, a start-up company located in <a href="/wiki/Petaluma,_California" title="Petaluma, California">Petaluma, California</a>, for about US$7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Aug-1999-8-K-96">[96]</a> It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to that date, and only the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Atlanta" title="Scientific Atlanta">Scientific Atlanta</a> has been larger.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Nov-2005-10-Q-97">[97]</a> In 1999, Cisco also acquired a stake for $1 billion in KPMG Consulting to enable establishing Internet firm Metrius founded by Keyur Patel of Fuse.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice over Internet Protocol">Voice over Internet Protocol</a> (VOIP) platform <a href="/wiki/Webex" class="mw-redirect" title="Webex">Webex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Home_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Home networking">home networking</a>. The latter came as result of Cisco acquiring <a href="/wiki/Linksys" title="Linksys">Linksys</a> in 2003 and in 2010 was supplemented with new product line dubbed <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Valet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Valet">Cisco Valet</a>. Cisco announced on January 12, 2005, that it would acquire <a href="/wiki/Airespace" title="Airespace">Airespace</a> for US$450 million to reinforce the wireless controller product lines.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Cisco announced on January 4, 2007, that it would buy <a href="/wiki/IronPort" class="mw-redirect" title="IronPort">IronPort</a> in a deal valued at US$830 million<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and completed the acquisition on June 25, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/IronPort" class="mw-redirect" title="IronPort">IronPort</a> was best known for its IronPort AntiSpam, its SenderBase email reputation service and its email security appliances. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/IronPort" class="mw-redirect" title="IronPort">IronPort</a> was integrated into the Cisco Security business unit.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Ironport's Senderbase was renamed as Sensorbase to take account of the input into this database that other Cisco devices provide.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> SensorBase allows these devices to build a risk profile on IP addresses, therefore allowing risk profiles to be dynamically created on http sites and SMTP email sources.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In 2010, Cisco bought <a href="/wiki/Starent_Networks" title="Starent Networks">Starent Networks</a> (a mobile packet core company) for $2.9 billion<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> and Moto Development Group, a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco's Flip video camera.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Oct-2009-8-K-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Also in 2010, Cisco became a key stakeholder in e-Skills Week. In March 2011, Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held network configuration and change management software company Pari Networks.<a href="#cite_note-post-110">[110]</a> Although many buy-ins (such as Crescendo Networks in 1993, <a href="/wiki/Tandberg" title="Tandberg">Tandberg</a> in 2010) resulted in acquisition of flagship technology to Cisco, many others have failed—partially or completely.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-111">[111]</a> For instance, in 2010 Cisco occupied a meaningful share of the packet-optical market,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> revenues were still not on par with US$7 billion price tag paid in 1999 for <a href="/wiki/Cerent_Corporation" title="Cerent Corporation">Cerent</a>. Some of acquired technologies (such as Flip from Pure Digital) saw their product lines terminated.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Nov-2009-10-Q-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_(23235912040).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_%2823235912040%29.jpg/200px-Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_%2823235912040%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_%2823235912040%29.jpg/300px-Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_%2823235912040%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_%2823235912040%29.jpg/400px-Cisco_Systems_Bangalore_%2823235912040%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="2660" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cisco Systems in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg/200px-Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg/300px-Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg/400px-Cisco_Office_Garching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg/200px-Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg/300px-Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg/400px-Philip_Pedersens_vei_1_-_2012-03-11_at_13-44-57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Cisco campuses all over the world</div></div></div></div> Cisco announced on March 15, 2012, that it would acquire <a href="/wiki/NDS_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NDS Group">NDS Group</a> for $5bn.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Mar-2012-8-K-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The transaction was completed on July 30, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-2013-117">[117]</a> In January 2013, Cisco Systems acquired Israeli software maker Intucell for around $475 million in cash, a move to expand its mobile network management offerings.<a href="#cite_note-Cisco-Feb-2013-10-Q-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In the same month, Cisco Systems acquired Cognitive Security, a company focused on Cyber Threat Protection. Cisco also acquired SolveDirect (cloud services) in March 2013<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>-based Ubiquisys (mobile software) in April 2013 for $310 million.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Cisco acquired cyber-security firm <a href="/wiki/Sourcefire" title="Sourcefire">Sourcefire</a>, in October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> On June 16, 2014, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of ThreatGRID, a company that provided dynamic malware analysis and threat intelligence technology.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On June 17, 2014, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Tail-f Systems, a leader in configuration management software.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On April 2, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Embrane, a software-defined networking startup. The deal will give Cisco Embrane's software platform, which provides layer 3–7 network services for things such as firewalls, VPN termination, server load balancers and SSL offload.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On May 7, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Tropo,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> a cloud API platform that simplifies the addition of real-time communications and collaboration capabilities within applications.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On June 30, 2015, Cisco acquired privately held <a href="/wiki/OpenDNS" title="OpenDNS">OpenDNS</a>, the company best known for its DNS service that adds a level of security by monitoring domain name requests.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On August 6, 2015, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of privately held MaintenanceNet, the US-based company best known for its cloud-based contract management platform ServiceExchange.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On the same month, Cisco acquired Pawaa, a privately held company in Bangalore, India that provides secure on-premises and cloud-based file-sharing software.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> On September 30, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Portcullis Computer Security, a UK-based company that provides cybersecurity services to enterprise clients and the government sectors.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On October 26, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire ParStream, a privately held company based in Cologne, Germany, that provides an analytics database that allows companies to analyze large amounts of data and store it in near real-time anywhere in the network.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On October 27, 2015, Cisco announced that it would acquire <a href="/wiki/Lancope" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancope">Lancope</a>, a company that focuses on detecting threat activity, for $452.5 million in a cash-and-equity deal.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> On June 28, 2016, Cisco announced its intent to acquire CloudLock, a privately held cloud security company founded in 2011 by three <a href="/wiki/Israeli_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli military">Israeli military</a> veterans,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> for $293 million.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017. In August 2016, Cisco announced it is getting closer to making a deal to acquire Springpath, the startup whose technology is used in Cisco's HyperFlex Systems. Cisco already owns an undisclosed stake in the hyper-converged provider.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In September 2023, Cisco announced discontinuation of its HyperFlex infrastructure products.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In January 2017, Cisco announced they would acquire <a href="/wiki/AppDynamics" title="AppDynamics">AppDynamics</a>, a company that monitors application performance, for $3.7 billion. The acquisition came just one day before AppDynamics was set to IPO.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> On January 26, 2017, Cisco founded the Innovation Alliance in Germany with eleven other companies bringing together 40 sites and 2,000 staff to provide small businesses in Germany with expertise.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> On August 1, 2017, Cisco completed the acquisition of Viptela Inc. for $610 million in cash and assumed equity awards.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Viptela was a privately held software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) company based in San Jose, Ca. On October 23, 2017, Cisco Systems announced it would be acquiring Broadsoft for $1.9 Billion to further entrench itself in the cloud communication and collaboration area.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On August 7, 2020, Cisco completed its acquisition of network intelligence company <a href="/wiki/ThousandEyes" title="ThousandEyes">ThousandEyes</a> for around $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On October 1, 2020, Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Israeli startup Portshift for a reported $100 million.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> On December 7, 2020, Cisco announced that it would be acquiring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slido (page does not exist)">Slido</a> to improve Q&A, polls and engagement in WebEx videoconferencing <a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> On December 7, 2020, Cisco announced the acquisition of U.K based <a href="/wiki/IMImobile" class="mw-redirect" title="IMImobile">IMImobile</a> in a $730M deal.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> On May 3, 2021, Cisco completed its acquisition of Q&A and polling platform <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slido (page does not exist)">Slido</a>, which they offered both as a standalone product and with integrations.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In 2023, Cisco acquired the following cybersecurity companies: Valtix, Lightspin, and Armorblox.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Cisco also announced its intention to acquire networking and security startup Isovalent later that year.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> On September 21, 2023, Cisco announced the acquisition of cybersecurity firm <a href="/wiki/Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a> in a $28 billion deal, its biggest acquisition yet,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> and the acquisition is announced to be completed on March 18, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ownership">edit</a>]</div> As of 2017 Cisco Systems shares are mainly held by institutional investors (<a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street Corporation</a> and others<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Facilities">edit</a>]</div> Cisco is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> at 170 West Tasman Dr. with dozens of buildings comprising its corporate campus.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Over 15,000 full-time employees are based at the San Jose campus and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area">Bay Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Cisco's second largest campus in the United States is located at <a href="/wiki/Research_Triangle_Park" title="Research Triangle Park">Research Triangle Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> with 7,000 employees spanning across 12 buildings.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In August 2020, Cisco announced the creation of a new 130,000 square feet Midwest headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Chicago_Main_Post_Office" title="Old Chicago Main Post Office">Old Chicago Main Post Office</a> accommodating 1,200 employees.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Cisco maintains over 200 corporate offices in more than 80 countries. In July 2021, Cisco announced all employees the option to work remotely on a permanent basis.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_and_services">Products and services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Products and services">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cisco_products" title="List of Cisco products">List of Cisco products</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg/200px-Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg/300px-Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg/400px-Cisco_small_business_SG300-28_28-port_Gigabit_Ethernet_rackmount_switch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg/200px-Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg/300px-Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg/400px-Cisco_Model_EPC3010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Cisco SG300-28 Rackmount switch (top) and Cisco EPC-3010 modem (bottom)</div></div></div></div> Cisco's products and services focus on three market segments—enterprise, service provider, midsize and small business. Cisco provides IT products and services across five major technology areas: networking (including Ethernet, optical, wireless and mobility), security, collaboration (including voice, video, and data), data center and the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Cisco has grown increasingly popular in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region over the last three decades[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] and is the dominant vendor in the Australian market with <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a> across all market segments.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> It uses its Australian office as one of the main headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VoIP_services">VoIP services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: VoIP services">edit</a>]</div> Cisco became a major provider of <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">Voice over IP</a> to enterprises and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hosted_Collaboration_Solution_(HCS)">Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS)">edit</a>]</div> Cisco partners can offer cloud-based services based on Cisco's virtualized <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Unified_Computing_System" title="Cisco Unified Computing System">Unified Computing System</a> (UCS). A part of the Cisco Unified Services Delivery Solution that includes hosted versions of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (UCM), Cisco Unified Contact Center, Cisco Unified Mobility, Cisco Unified Presence, Cisco Unity Connection (unified messaging) and Cisco Webex Meeting Center.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network_Emergency_Response">Network Emergency Response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Network Emergency Response">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_8851.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cisco_8851.JPG/220px-Cisco_8851.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cisco_8851.JPG/330px-Cisco_8851.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cisco_8851.JPG/440px-Cisco_8851.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A Cisco 8851 IP phone</figcaption></figure> As part of its Crisis Response initiative, Cisco maintains several Network Emergency Response Vehicles (NERV)s.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-171">[171]</a> The vehicles are maintained and deployed by Cisco employees during natural disasters and other public crises. The vehicles are self-contained and provide wired and wireless services including voice and radio interoperability, voice over IP, network-based video surveillance and secured high-definition video-conferencing for <a href="/wiki/Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader">leaders</a> and first responders in crisis areas with up to 3-72 Mbit/s of bandwidth (up and down) via a 1.8-meter satellite antenna.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> NERVs are based at Cisco headquarters sites in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>, and at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, allowing strategic deployment in North America. They can become fully operational within 15 minutes of arrival. High-capacity diesel fuel-tanks allow the largest vehicles to run for up to 72 hours continuously.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The NERV has been deployed to incidents such as the <a href="/wiki/October_2007_California_wildfires" title="October 2007 California wildfires">October 2007 California wildfires</a>; hurricanes <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Katrina</a>; the <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Bruno_pipeline_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion">2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion</a>, tornado outbreaks in <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_14%E2%80%9316,_2011" title="Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011">North Carolina</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">Alabama</a> in 2011; and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The Crisis Response Operations team maintains and deploys smaller, more portable communication kits to emergencies outside of North America. In 2010, the team deployed to assist in earthquake recovery in Haiti and Christchurch (New Zealand). In 2011, they deployed to flooding in Brazil, as well as in response to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In 2011, Cisco received the Innovation Preparedness award from the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a> Silicon Valley Chapter for its development and use of these vehicles in disasters.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certifications">Certifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Certifications">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cisco_certifications" title="Cisco certifications">Cisco certifications</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg/220px-Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg/330px-Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg/440px-Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>Cisco headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/North_San_Jose_Innovation_District" class="mw-redirect" title="North San Jose Innovation District">North San Jose Innovation District</a></figcaption></figure> Cisco Systems also sponsors a line of <a href="/wiki/Professional_certification_(computer_technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional certification (computer technology)">IT professional certifications</a> for Cisco products.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> There are five (path to <a href="/wiki/Network_planning_and_design" title="Network planning and design">network designers</a>) levels of certification: Entry (CCT), Associate (<a href="/wiki/Cisco_CCNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco CCNA">CCNA</a>/CCDA), Specialist(Cisco Certified Specialist), Professional (CCNP/CCDP), Expert (CCIE/CCDE) and recently Architect (CCAr: CCDE previous),<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> as well as eight different paths, Collaboration, CyberOps, Data Center, DevNet, Enterprise, Security, and Service Provider . A number of specialist technicians, sales, and datacenter certifications are also available. Cisco also provides training for these certifications via a portal called the Cisco Networking Academy. Qualifying schools can become members of the Cisco Networking Academy and then provide CCNA level or other level courses. Cisco Academy Instructors must be CCNA certified to be a CCAI certified instructor. Cisco is involved with technical education in 180 countries with its Cisco Academy program.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In March 2013, Cisco announced its interest in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> by investing in two Cisco Networking Academies in <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a> and a channel partner network.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_accolades">Awards and accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Awards and accolades">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg/220px-US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg/330px-US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg/440px-US_Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_ACE_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>In 2010, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> awarded Cisco the Secretary of State's Award for Corporate Excellence, which was presented in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by Ambassador <a href="/wiki/James_B._Cunningham" title="James B. Cunningham">James B. Cunningham</a> to Cisco Senior Manager Zika Abzuk</figcaption></figure> Cisco products, including IP phones and Telepresence, have been seen in movies and TV series.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The company was featured in the documentary film <a href="/wiki/Something_Ventured" title="Something Ventured">Something Ventured</a> which premiered in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Cisco was a 2002–03 recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown_Award" title="Ron Brown Award">Ron Brown Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BusinessWire-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> a U.S. presidential honor to recognize companies "for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities".<a href="#cite_note-BusinessWire-185">[185]</a> Cisco ranked number one in Great Place to Work's World's Best Workplaces 2019.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> magazine ranked Cisco Systems at number four on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> According to a report by technology consulting firm <a href="/wiki/LexInnova_Technologies" title="LexInnova Technologies">LexInnova</a>, Cisco was one of the leading recipients of network security-related patents with the largest portfolio within other companies (6,442 security-related patents) in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In 2024, Cisco was awarded Best Office Phone for its CP-8861 model by PhonePrices.co.uk.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sponsorship">Sponsorship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sponsorship">edit</a>]</div> In February 2021, Webex signed a multi-year partnership with <a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren Racing</a> as the Official Collaboration Partner of the team.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> In the following year, the partnership was extended to Cisco as the Official Technology Partner of the team.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In October 2023, Cisco was announced as the Official Primary Partner of the McLaren <a href="/wiki/F1_Academy" title="F1 Academy">F1 Academy</a> programme. Cisco's branding will be carried on <a href="/wiki/Bianca_Bustamante" title="Bianca Bustamante">Bianca Bustamante</a>'s car, race suit and team kit in the <a href="/wiki/2024_F1_Academy_season" title="2024 F1 Academy season">2024 F1 Academy season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG/220px-Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG/330px-Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG/440px-Cisco_Networkers_2007_-_Anaheim.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Cisco Live 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Cisco Live is the company's annual exposition and conference.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shareholder_relations">Shareholder relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Shareholder relations">edit</a>]</div> A class action lawsuit filed on April 20, 2001, accused Cisco of making misleading statements that "were relied on by purchasers of Cisco stock" and of <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> While Cisco denied all allegations in the suit, on August 18, 2006, Cisco's liability insurers, its directors and officers paid the plaintiffs US$91.75 million to settle the suit.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intellectual_property_disputes">Intellectual property disputes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Intellectual property disputes">edit</a>]</div> On December 11, 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation,_Inc._v._Cisco_Systems,_Inc." title="Free Software Foundation, Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc.">filed suit against Cisco</a> regarding Cisco's failure to comply with the <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a> licenses and make the applicable source code publicly available.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> On May 20, 2009, Cisco settled this lawsuit by complying with FSF licensing terms and making a monetary contribution to the FSF.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In October 2020, Cisco was ordered to pay US$1.9 billion to Centripetal Networks for infringement on four cybersecurity patents.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship_in_China">Censorship in China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Censorship in China">edit</a>]</div> Cisco has been criticized for its involvement in <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the People's Republic of China">censorship in the People's Republic of China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> According to author <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Gutmann" title="Ethan Gutmann">Ethan Gutmann</a>, Cisco and other telecommunications equipment providers supplied the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">Chinese government</a> with surveillance and Internet infrastructure equipment that is used to block Internet websites and track online activities in China.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Cisco has stated that it does not customize or develop specialized or unique filtering capabilities to enable governments to block access to information and that it sells the same equipment in China as it sells worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wired_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired News">Wired News</a> had uncovered a purported leaked, confidential PowerPoint presentation from Cisco that detailed the commercial opportunities of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Shield_Project" title="Golden Shield Project">Golden Shield Project</a> of Internet control.<a href="#cite_note-Stirland-203">[203]</a> In May 2011, a group of <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a> practitioners filed a lawsuit under the <a href="/wiki/Alien_Tort_Statute" title="Alien Tort Statute">Alien Tort Statute</a> alleging that Cisco knowingly developed and customized its product to assist the Chinese government in prosecution and abuse of <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a> practitioners.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The lawsuit was dismissed in September 2014<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a>, which decision was appealed to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> in September 2015. On July 7, 2023, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the lower court's decision and ruled the lawsuit may proceed to trial.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_fraud_investigation">Tax fraud investigation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tax fraud investigation">edit</a>]</div> In October 2007, employees of Cisco's Brazilian unit were arrested on charges that they had imported equipment without paying import duties. In response, Cisco stated that they do not import directly into Brazil, and instead use middlemen.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antitrust_lawsuit">Antitrust lawsuit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Antitrust lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> On December 1, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Multiven" title="Multiven">Multiven</a> filed an <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> lawsuit<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> against Cisco Systems, Inc. Multiven's complaint alleges that Cisco harmed Multiven and consumers by bundling and <a href="/wiki/Tying_(commerce)" title="Tying (commerce)">tying</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">bug</a> fixes/<a href="/wiki/Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">patches</a> and updates for its <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> software to its maintenance services (SMARTnet). In May 2010, Cisco accused the person who filed the <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> suit, British-Nigerian technology entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Peter_Alfred-Adekeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Alfred-Adekeye">Peter Alfred-Adekeye</a>, with hacking and pressured the US government to extradite him from Canada. Cisco settled the antitrust lawsuit two months after Alfred-Adekeye's arrest by making its software updates available to all Multiven customers.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remotely_monitoring_users'_connections">Remotely monitoring users' connections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Remotely monitoring users' connections">edit</a>]</div> Cisco's Linksys E2700, E3500, E4500 devices have been reported to be remotely updated to a firmware version that forces users to register for a cloud service, allows Cisco to monitor their network use and ultimately shut down the cloud <a href="/wiki/Service_account" title="Service account">service account</a> and thus render the affected router unusable.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firewall_backdoor_developed_by_NSA">Firewall backdoor developed by NSA</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Firewall backdoor developed by NSA">edit</a>]</div> According to the German magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA (series 5505, 5510, 5520, 5540 and 5550) and 500-series PIX Firewalls.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Cisco's Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products for exploitation or to implement security backdoors.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald's book No Place to Hide details how the agency's <a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a> (TAO) unit and other NSA employees intercept servers, routers and other network gear being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they are delivered. These Trojan horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being "some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre-position access points into hard target networks around the world."<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products, supply chain intervention or implant techniques, or new security vulnerabilities. Cisco's general counsel also said that Cisco does not work with any government, including the United States government, to weaken its products.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> The allegations are reported to have prompted the company's CEO to express concern to the President of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Whistle blowers like <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>,<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> and journalist reporter <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> have echoed similar sentiments publicly.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spherix_patent_suit">Spherix patent suit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Spherix patent suit">edit</a>]</div> In March 2014, Cisco Systems was sued for patent infringement. Spherix says that over $43 billion of Cisco's sales infringe on old <a href="/wiki/Nortel" title="Nortel">Nortel</a> patents owned by Spherix. Officials with Spherix are saying that a wide range of Cisco products, from switches to routers, infringe on 11 former Nortel patents that the company now owns.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_net_censorship_role">India net censorship role</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: India net censorship role">edit</a>]</div> As of April 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit">[update]</a> Cisco Systems is alleged to be helping the Indian Jammu and Kashmir administration build a firewall that will prevent Internet users in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> from accessing blacklisted websites, including social media portals, through fixed-line connections.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Cisco denies the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caste_discrimination_lawsuit">Caste discrimination lawsuit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Caste discrimination lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, a lawsuit was initiated against Cisco and two of its employees by the <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Fair_Employment_and_Housing" class="mw-redirect" title="California Department of Fair Employment and Housing">California Department of Fair Employment and Housing</a> for alleged discrimination against an Indian engineer on account of him being from a lower <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a> than them.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Xinjiang">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a> accused at least 82 major brands, including Cisco, of being connected to forced <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Uyghur labor in Xinjiang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_the_United_States" title="Mass surveillance in the United States">Mass surveillance in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_certifications" title="Cisco certifications">Cisco certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS" title="Cisco IOS">Cisco IOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_Tracer" title="Packet Tracer">Packet Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst" title="Cisco Catalyst">Cisco Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_DevNet" title="Cisco DevNet">Cisco DevNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Express_Forwarding" title="Cisco Express Forwarding">Cisco Express Forwarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Discovery_Protocol" title="Cisco Discovery Protocol">Cisco Discovery Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Security_Agent" title="Cisco Security Agent">Cisco Security Agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems_VPN_Client" title="Cisco Systems VPN Client">Cisco Systems VPN Client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_WebEx" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco WebEx">Cisco WebEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Field">Cisco Field</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-75th-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-75th_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-75th_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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RBC (in Russian). April 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBC&rft.atitle=Cisco+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3+%D0%9C%D0%A2%D0%A1+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%E2%82%BD1+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%80%D0%B4&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Ftechnology_and_media%2F18%2F04%2F2023%2F643ecfef9a79475701588d4c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/cisco-manufacture-india-diversification-move-2023-05-10/">"Cisco to begin manufacturing from India in diversification move"</a>. Reuters. May 10, 2023. 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Retrieved February 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Cisco+to+cut+more+than+4%2C000+jobs%2C+lowers+annual+revenue+forecast&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft.aulast=Sriram&rft.aufirst=Akash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Ftechnology%2Fcisco-lay-off-5-workforce-2024-02-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovet2024" class="citation web cs1">Novet, Jordan (February 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/14/cisco-cutting-5percent-of-global-workforce-in-restructuring-move.html">"Cisco says it's cutting 5% of global workforce, amounting to over 4,000 jobs"</a>. CNBC. 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Retrieved April 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+croix+international&rft.atitle=Tech+giant+Cisco+sign%27s+Vatican+pledge+for+ethical+AI+development&rft.date=2024-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternational.la-croix.com%2Fethics%2Ftech-giant-cisco-signs-vatican-pledge-for-ethical-ai-development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_73-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2002.pdf">"2002 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_74-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2005.pdf">"2005 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2005+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2006.pdf">"2006 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2007.pdf">"2007 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2008.pdf">"2008 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2009.pdf">"2009 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2010.pdf">"2010 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2011.pdf">"2011 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2012.pdf">"2012 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2013.pdf">"2013 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2014.pdf">"2014 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2015.pdf">"2015 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2016.pdf">"2016 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreports.com%2FHostedData%2FAnnualReportArchive%2Fc%2FNASDAQ_CSCO_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/annual-report/2017-annual-report-full.PDF">"2017 Annual Report"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisco.com%2Fc%2Fdam%2Fen_us%2Fabout%2Fannual-report%2F2017-annual-report-full.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACisco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link 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(2000). Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower. Wiley. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-35711-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-35711-1">0-471-35711-1</a>.</li> <li>Bunnell, D. & Brate, A. (2001). Die Cisco Story (in German). Moderne Industrie. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-478-35995-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-478-35995-3">3-478-35995-3</a>.</li> <li>Paulson, E. (2001). Inside Cisco: The Real Story of Sustained M&A Growth. Wiley. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-41425-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-41425-5">0-471-41425-5</a>.</li> <li>Slater, R. (2003). The Eye of the Storm: How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse. HarperCollins. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-018887-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-018887-1">0-06-018887-1</a>.</li> <li>Stauffer, D. (2001). Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way. Wiley. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84112-087-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84112-087-1">1-84112-087-1</a>.</li> <li>Waters, J. K. (2002). John Chambers and the Cisco Way: Navigating Through Volatility. Wiley. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-00833-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-00833-8">0-471-00833-8</a>.</li> <li>Young, J. S. (2001). Cisco Unauthorized: Inside the High-Stakes Race to Own the Future. Prima Lifestyles. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-2775-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-2775-3">0-7615-2775-3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cisco" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cisco">Cisco</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisco.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173395#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000000374">Cisco</a> on <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a>, a website that tracks and publishes data on campaign finance and lobbying <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173395#P4691" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li>Business data for Cisco Systems, Inc.: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CSCO:NASDAQ">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=858877">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CSCO">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> component June 8, 2009 – present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Cisco" title="Template:Cisco"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cisco" title="Template talk:Cisco"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cisco" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cisco"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cisco189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cisco</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bosack" title="Leonard Bosack">Leonard Bosack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Lerner" title="Sandy Lerner">Sandy Lerner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Development_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Development Officer">CDO</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robbins" title="Chuck Robbins">Chuck Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Chambers" title="John T. Chambers">John T. Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Mazzola" title="Mario Mazzola">Mario Mazzola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morgridge" title="John Morgridge">John Morgridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Chambers" title="John T. Chambers">John T. Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morgridge" title="John Morgridge">John Morgridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helder_Antunes" title="Helder Antunes">Helder Antunes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Unified_Computing_System" title="Cisco Unified Computing System">Cisco UCS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Switches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Nexus_switches" title="Cisco Nexus switches">Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst" title="Cisco Catalyst">Catalyst</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Catalyst_9000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco Catalyst 9000 (page does not exist)">9000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_MDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco MDS (page does not exist)">MDS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Routers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Routing_System" title="Carrier Routing System">CRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASR9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ASR9000">ASR9000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst" title="Cisco Catalyst">Catalyst</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Catalyst_8200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco Catalyst 8200 (page does not exist)">8200</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Catalyst_8300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco Catalyst 8300 (page does not exist)">8300</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Catalyst_8500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco Catalyst 8500 (page does not exist)">8500</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_NCS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco NCS (page does not exist)">NCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_ASR" title="Cisco ASR">ASR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_ESR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco ESR (page does not exist)">ESR</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_ASA" title="Cisco ASA">Cisco ASA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_TelePresence" title="Cisco TelePresence">Cisco TelePresence</a></li> <li>IP Phones</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_NAC_Appliance" title="Cisco NAC Appliance">Cisco NAC Appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_NX-OS" title="Cisco NX-OS">Cisco NX-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Webex" title="Cisco Webex">Cisco Webex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Eos" title="Cisco Eos">Cisco Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS" title="Cisco IOS">Cisco IOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS_XE" title="Cisco IOS XE">IOS XE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_IOS_XE" title="Cisco IOS XE">IOS XR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDNS" title="OpenDNS">OpenDNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_Tracer" title="Packet Tracer">Packet Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems_VPN_Client" title="Cisco Systems VPN Client">VPN Client</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Codecs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenH264" title="OpenH264">OpenH264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aironet" title="Aironet">Aironet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppDynamics" title="AppDynamics">AppDynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMImobile" class="mw-redirect" title="IMImobile">IMImobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Webex" title="Cisco Webex">Cisco Webex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_HCS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco HCS (page does not exist)">Cisco HCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCNA" title="CCNA">CCNA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Komodo_blade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco Komodo blade (page does not exist)">Cisco Komodo blade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Media_Convergence_Servers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco Media Convergence Servers (page does not exist)">Cisco MCS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Gateway_Server&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Gateway Server (page does not exist)">AGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst" title="Cisco Catalyst">Cisco Catalyst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst_1900" title="Cisco Catalyst 1900">Catalyst 1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Catalyst_6500" title="Cisco Catalyst 6500">Cisco Catalyst 6500</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_PIX" title="Cisco PIX">Cisco PIX</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Routers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_2500_series" title="Cisco 2500 series">2500</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisco_7200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisco 7200 (page does not exist)">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_7600" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco 7600">7600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_12000" title="Cisco 12000">12000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li>Satellite routers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLEO_(router)" title="CLEO (router)">CLEO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip_Video" title="Flip Video">Flip Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Cius" title="Cisco Cius">Cisco Cius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linksys" title="Linksys">Linksys</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linksys_routers" title="Linksys routers">routers</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of acquisitions by Cisco Systems">Acquisitions</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cisco_products" title="List of Cisco products">List of Cisco products</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antivirus_software46" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antivirus_software" title="Template:Antivirus software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antivirus_software" title="Template talk:Antivirus software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antivirus_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antivirus software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antivirus_software46" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">Antivirus software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitdefender" title="Bitdefender">Bitdefender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_Point" title="Check Point">Check Point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZoneAlarm" title="ZoneAlarm">ZoneAlarm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClamWin_Free_Antivirus" title="ClamWin Free Antivirus">ClamWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Comodo Group">Comodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr.Web" title="Dr.Web">Dr.Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESET" title="ESET">ESET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-Secure" title="F-Secure">F-Secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRISK_Software_International" title="FRISK Software International">FRISK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_Data_CyberDefense" title="G Data CyberDefense">G Data CyberDefense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen_Digital" title="Gen Digital">Gen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avast" title="Avast">Avast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVG_Technologies" title="AVG Technologies">AVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avira" title="Avira">Avira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_(software)" title="Norton (software)">Norton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intego" title="Intego">Intego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Lab" title="Kaspersky Lab">Kaspersky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsoft" title="Kingsoft">Kingsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavasoft" title="Lavasoft">Lavasoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwarebytes" title="Malwarebytes">Malwarebytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAfee" title="McAfee">McAfee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NANO_Antivirus" title="NANO Antivirus">NANO Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_Security" title="Panda Security">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Heal" title="Quick Heal">Quick Heal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qihoo_360" title="Qihoo 360">Qihoo 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophos" title="Sophos">Sophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro" title="Trend Micro">Trend Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPRE" title="VIPRE">VIPRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VirusBlokAda" class="mw-redirect" title="VirusBlokAda">VirusBlokAda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webroot" title="Webroot">Webroot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop, server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Total_Security" title="360 Total Security">360 Total Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Antivirus" title="Avast Antivirus">Avast Antivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVG_AntiVirus" title="AVG AntiVirus">AVG AntiVirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avira" title="Avira">Avira Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitdefender" title="Bitdefender">Bitdefender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClamTk" title="ClamTk">ClamTk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClamWin_Free_Antivirus" title="ClamWin Free Antivirus">ClamWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam_AntiVirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Clam AntiVirus">Clam AntiVirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Antivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Comodo Antivirus">Comodo Antivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Internet_Security" title="Comodo Internet Security">Comodo Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr.Web" title="Dr.Web">Dr.Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESET_NOD32" title="ESET NOD32">ESET NOD32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-Secure" title="F-Secure">F-Secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRISK_Software_International" title="FRISK Software International">F-PROT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_Data_CyberDefense" title="G Data CyberDefense">G Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunet" title="Immunet">Immunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intego" title="Intego">Mac Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Anti-Virus" title="Kaspersky Anti-Virus">Kaspersky Anti-Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Internet_Security" title="Kaspersky Internet Security">Kaspersky Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwarebytes_(software)" title="Malwarebytes (software)">Malwarebytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAfee_VirusScan" class="mw-redirect" title="McAfee VirusScan">McAfee VirusScan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Microsoft Defender Antivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Security_Essentials" title="Microsoft Security Essentials">Microsoft Security Essentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NANO_Antivirus" title="NANO Antivirus">NANO Antivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_AntiVirus" title="Norton AntiVirus">Norton AntiVirus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Internet_Security" title="Norton Internet Security">Norton Internet Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_Security" title="Panda Security">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophos" title="Sophos">Sophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symantec_Endpoint_Protection" title="Symantec Endpoint Protection">Symantec Endpoint Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyware_Doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Spyware Doctor">Spyware Doctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro_Internet_Security" title="Trend Micro Internet Security">Trend Micro Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vba32_AntiVirus" title="Vba32 AntiVirus">Vba32 AntiVirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VirusBarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="VirusBarrier">VirusBarrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZoneAlarm" title="ZoneAlarm">ZoneAlarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile, tablet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Antivirus" title="Avast Antivirus">Avast Antivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVG_AntiVirus" title="AVG AntiVirus">AVG AntiVirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avira" title="Avira">Avira Free Android Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitdefender" title="Bitdefender">Bitdefender Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_Mobile" title="Cheetah Mobile">CM Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Mobile_Security" title="Comodo Mobile Security">Comodo Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr.Web" title="Dr.Web">Dr.Web Mobile Security Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESET_NOD32" title="ESET NOD32">ESET Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-Secure" title="F-Secure">F-Secure Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sourcefire" title="Sourcefire">FireAMP Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_Data_CyberDefense" title="G Data CyberDefense">G Data Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAfee" title="McAfee">McAfee Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro" title="Trend Micro">Trend Micro Mobile Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VirusBarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="VirusBarrier">VirusBarrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_antivirus_software" title="Comparison of antivirus software">Comparison of antivirus software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Censorship_and_websites102" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Censorship_and_websites" title="Template:Censorship and websites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Censorship_and_websites" title="Template talk:Censorship and websites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship_and_websites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship and websites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Censorship_and_websites102" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_censorship#Internet" title="Corporate censorship">Censorship and websites</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Censorship of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_censorship_abroad" title="Chinese censorship abroad">Chinese censorship abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">File sharing sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_GitHub" title="Censorship of GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_the_iTunes_Store" title="Censorship of the iTunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_blocking_access_to_The_Pirate_Bay" title="Countries blocking access to The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_TikTok" title="Censorship of TikTok">TikTok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_TikTok_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on TikTok in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Twitter (X)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Nigeria" title="Blocking of Twitter in Nigeria">in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Wikipedia" title="Censorship of Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_censorship_in_mainland_China" title="Wikimedia censorship in mainland China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia" title="Block of Wikipedia in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey" title="Block of Wikipedia in Turkey">in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Venezuela" title="Block of Wikipedia in Venezuela">in Venezuela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">in Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Censorship by</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_AOL#Terms_of_Service_(TOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of AOL">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Apple" title="Censorship by Apple">Apple</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Censorship_in_China">Cisco in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Facebook" title="Censorship by Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_TikTok" title="Censorship by TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter#Censorship_on_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Twitter (X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Yahoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by Yahoo">Yahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#YouTube" title="Censorship by Google">YouTube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Censorship_in_China" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Microsoft in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skype#Service_in_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Skype">Skype in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Myspace#Censorship" title="Criticism of Myspace">Myspace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Websites blocked in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Australia" title="Internet censorship in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_Belgium" title="List of websites blocked in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_mainland_China" title="List of websites blocked in mainland China">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cuba" title="Internet censorship in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_France" title="Internet censorship in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Germany" title="Internet censorship in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Internet censorship in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Internet censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malawi" title="Internet censorship in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Morocco" title="Internet censorship in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_New_Zealand" title="Internet censorship in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Romania" title="Internet censorship in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Russia" title="Internet censorship in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_Russia" title="List of websites blocked in Russia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Singapore" title="Internet censorship in Singapore">Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_Singapore" title="List of websites blocked in Singapore">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Africa" title="Internet censorship in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Korea" title="Internet censorship in South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_websites_banned_in_South_Korea" title="List of North Korean websites banned in South Korea">North Korean websites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Switzerland" title="Internet censorship in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Thailand" title="Internet censorship in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Tunisia" title="Internet censorship in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet censorship in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Web blocking in the United Kingdom">web blocking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Internet censorship in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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talk:Dow Jones Industrial Average companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dow Jones Industrial Average companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Components_of_the_Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Components of the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">Coca-Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Depot" title="Home Depot">Home Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwin-Williams" title="Sherwin-Williams">Sherwin-Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies" title="The Travelers Companies">Travelers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group" title="UnitedHealth Group">UnitedHealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq-100" title="Template talk:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies of the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> index</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_(company)" title="ADP (company)">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power" title="American Electric Power">AEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansys" title="Ansys">Ansys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLovin" title="AppLovin">AppLovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlassian" title="Atlassian">Atlassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axon_Enterprise" title="Axon Enterprise">Axon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDW" title="CDW">CDW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Charter Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cintas" title="Cintas">Cintas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners" title="Coca-Cola Europacific Partners">Coca-Cola Europacific Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Energy" title="Constellation Energy">Constellation Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copart" title="Copart">Copart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoStar_Group" title="CoStar Group">CoStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Corporation" title="CSX Corporation">CSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datadog" title="Datadog">Datadog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexcom" title="Dexcom">Dexcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_Energy" title="Diamondback Energy">Diamondback Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoorDash" title="DoorDash">DoorDash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastenal" title="Fastenal">Fastenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories" title="Idexx Laboratories">Idexx Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical" title="Intuitive Surgical">Intuitive Surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper" title="Keurig Dr Pepper">Keurig Dr Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLA_Corporation" title="KLA Corporation">KLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linde_plc" title="Linde plc">Linde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStrategy" title="MicroStrategy">MicroStrategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondelez_International" title="Mondelez International">Mondelez International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MongoDB_Inc." title="MongoDB Inc.">MongoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Beverage" title="Monster Beverage">Monster Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks" title="Palo Alto Networks">Palo Alto Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paychex" title="Paychex">Paychex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinduoduo" title="Pinduoduo">PDD Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals" title="Regeneron Pharmaceuticals">Regeneron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roper_Technologies" title="Roper Technologies">Roper Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Stores" title="Ross Stores">Ross Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trade_Desk" title="The Trade Desk">Trade Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy" title="Xcel Energy">Xcel Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zscaler" title="Zscaler">Zscaler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies522" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template talk:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies522" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major personal computer, server, and mainframe hardware companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal computers and servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Star_International" title="Micro-Star International">MSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc." title="Razer Inc.">Razer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dynabook_Inc." title="Dynabook Inc.">Dynabook</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Servers_only12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspur" title="Inspur">Inspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainframes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_information_technology_companies_by_revenue" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest information technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Computer hardware manufacturers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_computer_hardware_companies" title="Category:Home computer hardware companies">Home computer hardware companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Server_hardware" title="Category:Server hardware">Server hardware</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Mainframe_computers" title="Category:Mainframe computers">Mainframe computers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_networking_hardware_companies92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_networking_hardware_companies" title="Template:Major networking hardware companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_networking_hardware_companies" title="Template talk:Major networking hardware companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_networking_hardware_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major networking hardware companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_networking_hardware_companies92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Networking_hardware" title="Networking hardware">networking hardware</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arista_Networks" title="Arista Networks">Arista Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avaya" title="Avaya">Avaya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_Networks" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Solutions" title="Motorola Solutions">Motorola Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173395#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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