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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1960s marble-powered plastic toy computer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dr._Nim" title="Special:EditPage/Dr. Nim">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dr.+Nim%22">"Dr. Nim"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dr.+Nim%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dr.+Nim%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dr.+Nim%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dr.+Nim%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dr.+Nim%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dr. Nim</b> is a toy invented by John Thomas Godfrey<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/E.S.R.,_Inc." title="E.S.R., Inc.">E.S.R., Inc.</a> in the mid-1960s. It consists of a marble-powered plastic <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> capable of playing the game of <a href="/wiki/Nim" title="Nim">Nim</a>. The machine selects its moves through the action of the marbles falling through the levers of the machine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_play_and_construction">Game play and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Nim&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Game play and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dr. Nim is an early computer game. The "game board" is based on the mechanical <a href="/wiki/Digi-Comp_II" title="Digi-Comp II">Digi-Comp II</a> digital computer. It has memory switches that hold <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> of data.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit is programmed by lobed levers that affect and are affected by marbles that are released from the top of the game. Three of the levers set the start position. The fourth lever is the "equaliser" option; if set, the player can win if they play perfectly. A fifth lever acts as a switch to indicate whose turn it is. The player takes a turn by pressing a button to release one marble at a time, to a maximum of three, then flips the switch and presses the button again to start the machine's turn. After the machine has played, the last released marble flips the switch back to end the turn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nim">Nim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Nim&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nim" title="Nim">Nim</a></div> <p>Dr. Nim was based on a mathematical game called <i>NIM,</i> which similarly consisted of twelve marbles. A simple strategy will always win as long as the opponent goes first. This is the strategy for single-pile NIM: If the opponent takes 3 marbles, the first player should take 1. If the opponent takes 2 marbles, the first player should take 2. Finally, if the opponent takes 1 marble, the first player should take 3. The goal of the game is to get the last marble (the 12th marble). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Nim&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mathematics communicator <a href="/wiki/Matt_Parker" title="Matt Parker">Matt Parker</a> created a video about Dr. Nim.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Nim&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/lsj/obituary.aspx?n=john-thomas-godfrey-jack&pid=134332357">"John Godfrey Obituary - Lansing, MI - Lansing State Journal"</a>. <i>Lansing State Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lansing+State+Journal&rft.atitle=John+Godfrey+Obituary+-+Lansing%2C+MI+-+Lansing+State+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Flsj%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fn%3Djohn-thomas-godfrey-jack%26pid%3D134332357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADr.+Nim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2019" class="citation web cs1">Saunders, Sarah (2019-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://3dprint.com/232993/3d-print-vintage-games-instructable/">"Maker Publishes Instructables About 3D Printing Favorite Vintage Games"</a>. <i>3DPrint.com | The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3DPrint.com+%7C+The+Voice+of+3D+Printing+%2F+Additive+Manufacturing&rft.atitle=Maker+Publishes+Instructables+About+3D+Printing+Favorite+Vintage+Games&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F3dprint.com%2F232993%2F3d-print-vintage-games-instructable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADr.+Nim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KABcmczPdg">"The Unbeatable Game from the 60s: Dr NIM"</a>. YouTube.com. 2016-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Unbeatable+Game+from+the+60s%3A+Dr+NIM&rft.pub=YouTube.com&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9KABcmczPdg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADr.+Nim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Nim&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Original manual: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085124/http://icarus.cs.uiuc.edu/friendsofdigicomp/Files/Nim_Manual.pdf">Icarus archive version (PDF)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.one-leggedsandpiper.com/Christmas/Presents/Dr-Nim-Manual.pdf">One-legged Sandpiper version (PDF)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040203170545/http://www.rdrop.com/~jimw/j-hist.shtml">Dr Nim entry at Jim's Computer Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxBghtQ8McA">The Amazing Dr Nim game/puzzle (5min)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KABcmczPdg&feature=youtu.be">The Unbeatable Game from the 60s: Dr NIM (10min)</a> on YouTube</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instructables.com/id/The-Amazing-Dr-Nim-Scale-Model/">Dr. Nim Replica</a> - Instructions and files for making your own Dr. Nim scale model</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg/30px-Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg/45px-Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg/60px-Rubik%27s_cube_scrambled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">toy</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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