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popularity as a model for studying intracellular parasitism.' The parasite has also gained more attention recently as the most common cause of focal central nervous system infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,* and it continues to cause more than 3,000 cases per year of congenital birth defects in the United States alone. T. gondii infects nearly all animals and most birds and is one of the most widely distributed of all intracellular parasites. In vitro, tachyzoites of T. gondii can invade and replicate within essentially all nucleated cells, an unusual feat for any intracellular organism. The intracellular tachyzoites reside within a vacuole that is incapable of acidifying or fusing with any membrane-bound organelle within the host cell endocytic system= and as such is effectively hidden from the host, yet the parasite replicates rapidly. The fusion incompetence of the vacuole is established at the time of cell entry and does not depend on secretion by the parasite of a soluble inhibitor of the fusion or acidification events. On the basis of these findings and in conjunction with the known morphology of the newly formed parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), we hypothesized that fusion incompetence results from the absence of protein signals for vesicular fusion events. Nonetheless, the PVM surrounding T. gondii serves a critical additional function which is likely to depend on proteins, by allowing access of necessary nutrients from and exchange of metabolites with the host cell. A second potential function for the PVM, binding of host cell mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum,7 is also likely to be protein dependent. We believe that proteins that provide or contribute to these additional functions for the PVM are likely to be derived from parasite secretory organelles, but little direct data exist to support this hypothesis.","publication_date":"1994,,","publication_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"104070159"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Structure and Function of the Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane Surrounding Toxoplasma gondii","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [267770718]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card ds-work-card--prominent-pdf"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":104070159,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Structure and Function of the Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane Surrounding Toxoplasma gondii”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/104070159/mini_magick20230706-1-d1hrlp.png?1688660367" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Structure and Function of the Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane Surrounding Toxoplasma gondii</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="267770718" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrankMattig"><img alt="Profile image of Frank Mattig" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/267770718/118595915/107908138/s65_frank.mattig.png" />Frank Mattig</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1994, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 104303816; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Toxoplusma gondii is growing in popularity as a model for studying intracellular parasitism.' The parasite has also gained more attention recently as the most common cause of focal central nervous system infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,* and it continues to cause more than 3,000 cases per year of congenital birth defects in the United States alone. T. gondii infects nearly all animals and most birds and is one of the most widely distributed of all intracellular parasites. In vitro, tachyzoites of T. gondii can invade and replicate within essentially all nucleated cells, an unusual feat for any intracellular organism. The intracellular tachyzoites reside within a vacuole that is incapable of acidifying or fusing with any membrane-bound organelle within the host cell endocytic system= and as such is effectively hidden from the host, yet the parasite replicates rapidly. The fusion incompetence of the vacuole is established at the time of cell entry and does not depend on secretion by the parasite of a soluble inhibitor of the fusion or acidification events. On the basis of these findings and in conjunction with the known morphology of the newly formed parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), we hypothesized that fusion incompetence results from the absence of protein signals for vesicular fusion events. Nonetheless, the PVM surrounding T. gondii serves a critical additional function which is likely to depend on proteins, by allowing access of necessary nutrients from and exchange of metabolites with the host cell. A second potential function for the PVM, binding of host cell mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum,7 is also likely to be protein dependent. We believe that proteins that provide or contribute to these additional functions for the PVM are likely to be derived from parasite secretory organelles, but little direct data exist to support this hypothesis.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":104070159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/104303816/Structure_and_Function_of_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole_Membrane_Surrounding_Toxoplasma_gondii"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":104070159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/104303816/Structure_and_Function_of_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole_Membrane_Surrounding_Toxoplasma_gondii"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="104070159" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/104303816/Structure_and_Function_of_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole_Membrane_Surrounding_Toxoplasma_gondii" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":104070159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":104070159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_104070159" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="21142873" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21142873/Sinai_A_P_Webster_P_and_Joiner_K_A_Association_of_host_cell_endoplasmic_reticulum_and_mitochondria_with_the_Toxoplasma_gondii_parasitophorous_vacuole_membrane_a_high_affinity_interaction_J_Cell_Sci_110_2117_2128">Sinai, A. P., Webster, P. & Joiner, K. A. Association of host cell endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole membrane: a high affinity interaction. J. 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1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii targets proteins to dense granules and the vacuolar space using both conserved and unusual mechanisms","attachmentId":41734207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21142864/The_protozoan_parasite_Toxoplasma_gondii_targets_proteins_to_dense_granules_and_the_vacuolar_space_using_both_conserved_and_unusual_mechanisms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Joiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Cell Biology, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Secretory traffic in the eukaryotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii: less is more","attachmentId":41734330,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21143230/Secretory_traffic_in_the_eukaryotic_parasite_Toxoplasma_gondii_less_is_more","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21143230/Secretory_traffic_in_the_eukaryotic_parasite_Toxoplasma_gondii_less_is_more"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="92311327" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92311327/Identification_of_the_Moving_Junction_Complex_of_Toxoplasma_gondii_A_Collaboration_between_Distinct_Secretory_Organelles">Identification of the Moving Junction Complex of Toxoplasma gondii: A Collaboration between Distinct Secretory Organelles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="235515861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PETERJOHNBRADLEY">PETER JOHN BRADLEY</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS Pathogens, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identification of the Moving Junction Complex of Toxoplasma gondii: A Collaboration between Distinct Secretory Organelles","attachmentId":95353548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92311327/Identification_of_the_Moving_Junction_Complex_of_Toxoplasma_gondii_A_Collaboration_between_Distinct_Secretory_Organelles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92311327/Identification_of_the_Moving_Junction_Complex_of_Toxoplasma_gondii_A_Collaboration_between_Distinct_Secretory_Organelles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21143231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21143231/The_Toxoplasma_gondii_rhoptry_protein_ROP_2_is_inserted_into_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_membrane_surrounding_the_intracellular_parasite_and_is_exposed_to_the_host_cell_cytoplasm">The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP 2 is inserted into the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, surrounding the intracellular parasite, and is exposed to the host cell cytoplasm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42330315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithJoiner">Keith Joiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Cell Biology, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP 2 is inserted into the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, surrounding the intracellular parasite, and is exposed to the host cell cytoplasm","attachmentId":41734353,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21143231/The_Toxoplasma_gondii_rhoptry_protein_ROP_2_is_inserted_into_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_membrane_surrounding_the_intracellular_parasite_and_is_exposed_to_the_host_cell_cytoplasm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21143231/The_Toxoplasma_gondii_rhoptry_protein_ROP_2_is_inserted_into_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_membrane_surrounding_the_intracellular_parasite_and_is_exposed_to_the_host_cell_cytoplasm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="21142855" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21142855/The_Toxoplasma_gondii_protein_ROP2_mediates_host_organelle_association_with_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_membrane">The Toxoplasma gondii protein ROP2 mediates host organelle association with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42330315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithJoiner">Keith Joiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Cell Biology, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Toxoplasma gondii protein ROP2 mediates host organelle association with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane","attachmentId":41734175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21142855/The_Toxoplasma_gondii_protein_ROP2_mediates_host_organelle_association_with_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_membrane","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Methods, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Targeting the Secretory Pathway ofToxoplasma gondii","attachmentId":41734310,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21143213/Targeting_the_Secretory_Pathway_ofToxoplasma_gondii","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21143213/Targeting_the_Secretory_Pathway_ofToxoplasma_gondii"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="90226094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90226094/The_u3cem_u3eToxoplasma_gondii_u3c_em_u3e_Protein_ROP2_Mediates_Host_Organelle_Association_with_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole_Membrane">The \u3cem\u3eToxoplasma gondii\u3c/em\u3e Protein ROP2 Mediates Host Organelle Association with the Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42330315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithJoiner">Keith Joiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The \\u3cem\\u3eToxoplasma gondii\\u3c/em\\u3e Protein ROP2 Mediates Host Organelle Association with the Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane","attachmentId":93846798,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90226094/The_u3cem_u3eToxoplasma_gondii_u3c_em_u3e_Protein_ROP2_Mediates_Host_Organelle_Association_with_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole_Membrane","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90226094/The_u3cem_u3eToxoplasma_gondii_u3c_em_u3e_Protein_ROP2_Mediates_Host_Organelle_Association_with_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole_Membrane"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="13953291" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13953291/Apicomplexa_in_Mammalian_Cells_Trafficking_to_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole">Apicomplexa in Mammalian Cells: Trafficking to the Parasitophorous Vacuole</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33006355" href="https://ujf-grenoble.academia.edu/CorinneMercier">Corinne Mercier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Traffic, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Apicomplexa in Mammalian Cells: Trafficking to the Parasitophorous Vacuole","attachmentId":44771663,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13953291/Apicomplexa_in_Mammalian_Cells_Trafficking_to_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13953291/Apicomplexa_in_Mammalian_Cells_Trafficking_to_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="66829927" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66829927/Receptor_Mediated_Endocytosis_in_an_Apicomplexan_Parasite_Toxoplasma_gondii_">Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis in an Apicomplexan Parasite (Toxoplasma gondii)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38030671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatsWahlgren">Mats Wahlgren</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Parasitology, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis in an Apicomplexan Parasite (Toxoplasma gondii)","attachmentId":77873113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66829927/Receptor_Mediated_Endocytosis_in_an_Apicomplexan_Parasite_Toxoplasma_gondii_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66829927/Receptor_Mediated_Endocytosis_in_an_Apicomplexan_Parasite_Toxoplasma_gondii_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="34247039" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34247039/Dynamics_and_3D_organization_of_secretory_organelles_of_Toxoplasma_gondii">Dynamics and 3D organization of secretory organelles of Toxoplasma gondii</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67334258" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucianaPinto12">Luciana Pinto</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamics and 3D organization of secretory organelles of Toxoplasma gondii","attachmentId":54159126,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34247039/Dynamics_and_3D_organization_of_secretory_organelles_of_Toxoplasma_gondii","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34247039/Dynamics_and_3D_organization_of_secretory_organelles_of_Toxoplasma_gondii"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="13953725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13953725/Differential_membrane_targeting_of_the_secretory_proteins_GRA4_and_GRA6_within_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_formed_by_Toxoplasma_gondii">Differential membrane targeting of the secretory proteins GRA4 and GRA6 within the parasitophorous vacuole formed by Toxoplasma gondii</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33006355" href="https://ujf-grenoble.academia.edu/CorinneMercier">Corinne Mercier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular and biochemical parasitology, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Differential membrane targeting of the secretory proteins GRA4 and GRA6 within the parasitophorous vacuole formed by Toxoplasma gondii","attachmentId":44771166,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13953725/Differential_membrane_targeting_of_the_secretory_proteins_GRA4_and_GRA6_within_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_formed_by_Toxoplasma_gondii","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13953725/Differential_membrane_targeting_of_the_secretory_proteins_GRA4_and_GRA6_within_the_parasitophorous_vacuole_formed_by_Toxoplasma_gondii"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="49454175" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49454175/Toxoplasma_gondii_Resides_in_a_Vacuole_That_Avoids_Fusion_with_Host_Cell_Endocytic_and_Exocytic_Vesicular_Trafficking_Pathways">Toxoplasma gondii Resides in a Vacuole That Avoids Fusion with Host Cell Endocytic and Exocytic Vesicular Trafficking Pathways</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41415679" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SebastianHakansson">Sebastian Hakansson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Parasitology, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Toxoplasma gondii Resides in a Vacuole That Avoids Fusion with Host Cell Endocytic and Exocytic Vesicular Trafficking Pathways","attachmentId":67802452,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49454175/Toxoplasma_gondii_Resides_in_a_Vacuole_That_Avoids_Fusion_with_Host_Cell_Endocytic_and_Exocytic_Vesicular_Trafficking_Pathways","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/15515944/The_Toxoplasma_Dense_Granule_Proteins_GRA17_and_GRA23_Mediate_the_Movement_of_Small_Molecules_between_the_Host_and_the_Parasitophorous_Vacuole">The Toxoplasma Dense Granule Proteins GRA17 and GRA23 Mediate the Movement of Small Molecules between the Host and the Parasitophorous Vacuole</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="226432" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PascalEgea1">Pascal F . 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/DJacot">Damien Jacot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS pathogens, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fundamental Roles of the Golgi-Associated Toxoplasma Aspartyl Protease, ASP5, at the Host-Parasite Interface","attachmentId":72707050,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58161180/Fundamental_Roles_of_the_Golgi_Associated_Toxoplasma_Aspartyl_Protease_ASP5_at_the_Host_Parasite_Interface","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://ujf-grenoble.academia.edu/CorinneMercier">Corinne Mercier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Biology of the Cell, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Transmembrane Insertion of the Toxoplasma gondii GRA5 Protein Occurs after Soluble Secretion into the Host Cell","attachmentId":44771142,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13953727/Transmembrane_Insertion_of_the_Toxoplasma_gondii_GRA5_Protein_Occurs_after_Soluble_Secretion_into_the_Host_Cell","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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The parasitophorous vacuole membrane surrounding Plasmodium and Toxoplasma: an usual compartment in infected cells. J. Cell. Sci. 111, 1467-1475</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42330315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithJoiner">Keith Joiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cell Science</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lingelbach, K. \u0026 Joiner, K.A. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane surrounding Plasmodium and Toxoplasma: an usual compartment in infected cells. J. Cell. 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="26" data-entity-id="92311323" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92311323/Proteomic_Analysis_of_Rhoptry_Organelles_Reveals_Many_Novel_Constituents_for_Host_Parasite_Interactions_in_Toxoplasma_gondii">Proteomic Analysis of Rhoptry Organelles Reveals Many Novel Constituents for Host-Parasite Interactions in Toxoplasma gondii</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="235515861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PETERJOHNBRADLEY">PETER JOHN BRADLEY</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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