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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Blindheid" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Blindheid" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Blindheid" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Blindheid_door_de_jaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blindheid_door_de_jaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Blindheid door de jaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blindheid_door_de_jaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hulpmiddelen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hulpmiddelen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hulpmiddelen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andere_betekenissen_van_blind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andere_betekenissen_van_blind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Andere betekenissen van blind</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andere_betekenissen_van_blind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Blindheid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 109 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindheid" title="Blindheid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Blindheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindheit" title="Blindheit – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Blindheit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceguera" title="Ceguera – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ceguera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%89" title="عمى – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7" title="عما – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="অন্ধত্ব – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অন্ধত্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceguera" title="Ceguera – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ceguera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korluq" title="Korluq – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Korluq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82" title="کورلوق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کورلوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%83%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Һуҡырлыҡ – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һуҡырлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akloms" title="Akloms – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Akloms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Слепата – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слепата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сьлепата – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьлепата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Слепота – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слепота" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picak" title="Picak – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Picak" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="অন্ধত্ব – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অন্ধত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallentez" title="Dallentez – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dallentez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sljepo%C4%87a" title="Sljepoća – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sljepoća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Һохор – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һохор" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceguesa" title="Ceguesa – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ceguesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%83ng-m%C3%A0ng" title="Chăng-màng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chăng-màng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کوێری – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slepota" title="Slepota – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slepota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallineb" title="Dallineb – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dallineb" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindhed" title="Blindhed – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blindhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindheit" title="Blindheit – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blindheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Οπτική διαταραχή – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οπτική διαταραχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness" title="Blindness – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Blindness" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindeco" title="Blindeco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blindeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceguera" title="Ceguera – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ceguera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimesus" title="Pimesus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pimesus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsutasun" title="Itsutasun – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsutasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نابینایی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نابینایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokeus" title="Sokeus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sokeus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5g%C3%B5hus" title="Sõgõhus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sõgõhus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuk%C3%BAnt%C3%ADnt%C9%94%CC%81n" title="Nukúntíntɔ́n – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Nukúntíntɔ́n" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cit%C3%A9" title="Cécité – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cécité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daille" title="Daille – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daille" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9sit%C3%A9" title="Sésité – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sésité" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cegueira" title="Cegueira – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cegueira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesat%C5%A9" title="Tesatũ – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tesatũ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עיוורון – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיוורון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्धता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अन्धता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhapan" title="Andhapan – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Andhapan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sljepo%C4%87a" title="Sljepoća – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sljepoća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaks%C3%A1g" title="Vakság – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vakság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կուրություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecitate" title="Cecitate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cecitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebutaan" title="Kebutaan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebutaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaun" title="Ayaun – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ayaun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B3nsker%C3%B0ing" title="Sjónskerðing – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjónskerðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecit%C3%A0" title="Cecità – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cecità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%98%8E" title="失明 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="失明" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94" title="სიბრმავე – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიბრმავე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%CA%8Al%CA%8Anz%C9%A9" title="Yʊlʊnzɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Yʊlʊnzɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Соқырлық – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Соқырлық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EB%AA%85" title="실명 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Korîtî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Korîtî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Сокурлук – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сокурлук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caecitas" title="Caecitas – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caecitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindjheid" title="Blindjheid – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Blindjheid" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorbiment" title="Inorbiment – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Inorbiment" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklumas" title="Aklumas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aklumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklums" title="Aklums – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aklums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Слепило – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слепило" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A4" title="അന്ധത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്ധത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="अंधत्व – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंधत्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebutaan" title="Kebutaan – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebutaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindheid" title="Blindheid – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blindheid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8" title="अन्धोपन – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्धोपन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinde" title="Blinde – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Blinde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindhet" title="Blindhet – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blindhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecitat" title="Cecitat – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cecitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1" title="ଅନ୍ଧତ୍ୱ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅନ୍ଧତ୍ୱ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C" title="ਨਿਗ੍ਹਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਗਾੜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਗ੍ਹਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਗਾੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alepota" title="Ślepota – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ślepota" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="انا ہوناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انا ہوناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91awsa_kay" title="Ñawsa kay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñawsa kay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbire" title="Orbire – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orbire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Слепота – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слепота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сліпота – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сліпота" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्धता – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अन्धता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Балай буолуу – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Балай буолуу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvu" title="Orvu – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Orvu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sljepilo" title="Sljepilo – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sljepilo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness" title="Blindness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Blindness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slepota" title="Slepota – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slepota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indho_la%27aanta" title="Indho la'aanta – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Indho la'aanta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb%C3%ABria" title="Verbëria – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Verbëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Слепило – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слепило" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolong" title="Lolong – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lolong" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindhet" title="Blindhet – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blindhet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upofu" title="Upofu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Upofu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="అంధత్వం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అంధత్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="ตาบอด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตาบอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkabulag" title="Pagkabulag – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagkabulag" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk" title="Körlük – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Körlük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Сукырлык – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сукырлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сліпота – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сліпота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%86" title="نابینا پن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نابینا پن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBrlik" title="Koʻrlik – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻrlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khi%E1%BA%BFm_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Khiếm thị – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khiếm thị" 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id="mw-indicator-gesproken_wiki" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="font-size:87%;" title="Klik op de startbutton om de geluidsopname van het artikel te starten"><span style="cursor:help; border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555;" title="Door op de afspeelknop te klikken kunt u dit artikel beluisteren. Na het opnemen kan het artikel gewijzigd zijn, waardoor de tekst van de opname wellicht verouderd is.">Beluister</span> <span class="gesproken_wiki_player" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="80" style="width:80px;" data-durationhint="370" data-mwtitle="Nl-Blindheid-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Nl-Blindheid-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Nl-Blindheid-article.ogg/Nl-Blindheid-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nl-Blindheid-article.ogg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Nl-Blindheid-article.ogg">info</a>)</div> </div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="spoiler" align="center" style="margin:1em auto; width:fit-content; overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0.5em; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:0.1em 0.2em;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculaap"><img alt="Esculaap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/26px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/53px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-wrap:balance;"><small>Neem het <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbehoud_bij_medische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Voorbehoud bij medische informatie"><i><b>voorbehoud bij medische informatie</b></i></a> in acht.<br />Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsklachten een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a>.</small></div> </div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Blindheid </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Watch_for_the_blind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blindenhorloge met voelbare wijzers en uurmarkeringen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Watch_for_the_blind.jpg/266px-Watch_for_the_blind.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Watch_for_the_blind.jpg/399px-Watch_for_the_blind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Watch_for_the_blind.jpg/532px-Watch_for_the_blind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="1265" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Blindenhorloge met voelbare wijzers en uurmarkeringen</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Coderingen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a><br /><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" title="ICD-9">ICD-9</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ICD10_Hoofdstuk_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD10 Hoofdstuk VII">H</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/H54.0">54.0</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICD10_Hoofdstuk_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD10 Hoofdstuk VII">H</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/H54.1">54.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICD10_Hoofdstuk_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD10 Hoofdstuk VII">H</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/H54.4">54.4</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=369">369</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg/260px-Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg/390px-Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg/520px-Geleidehond_testparcours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Een blinde leert op het parcours van de <a href="/wiki/Brailleliga" title="Brailleliga">Brailleliga</a> omgaan met een <a href="/wiki/Geleidehond" title="Geleidehond">geleidehond</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Blindheid</b> is volgens de <a href="/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie">WHO</a>-definitie een visuele handicap, waarbij iemand minder ziet dan 1/20; of minder dan 1/10 en een sterk beperkt gezichtsveld heeft. Een visuele handicap, waarbij iemand minder ziet dan 1/3, maar niet aan deze criteria voldoet, heet <a href="/wiki/Slechtziendheid" title="Slechtziendheid">slechtziendheid</a>. De oorzaak van blindheid kan gelegen zijn in de <a href="/wiki/Menselijk_oog" title="Menselijk oog">ogen</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Nervus_opticus" title="Nervus opticus">oogzenuw</a> of de <a href="/wiki/Hersenen" title="Hersenen">hersenen</a>. Zowel blinden als slechtzienden kunnen gebruikmaken van hulpmiddelen als <a href="/wiki/Blindenstok" title="Blindenstok">blindenstok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geleidehond" title="Geleidehond">geleidehond</a>, voorzieningen in een <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> die tekst kan voorlezen, enzovoorts. </p><p>Blindheid kan aangeboren zijn of in de loop van het leven verworven door een ziekte of ongeval. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blindheid_door_de_jaren">Blindheid door de jaren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Blindheid door de jaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Blindheid door de jaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanaf de middeleeuwen tot het einde van de zeventiende eeuw is de blinde hetzij een verschoppeling, hetzij een begenadigde die materiële steun verdient omwille van zijn Godsverbondenheid. In het midden van de achttiende eeuw komt het 'blinde' kind in de kijker te staan onder invloed van de encylopedisten die de mens een nieuwe opgave maken. <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a> (1745-1822) is bekend van de oprichting van de eerste onderwijsinstelling. </p><p>Blinden werden lang bijvoorbeeld op kermissen belachelijk gemaakt, omdat de nadruk vooral bij de ontwikkeling van andere zintuigen lag. In 1784 stichtte Haüy de eerste klas voor twaalf blinde kinderen. Hij publiceerde in 1786 zijn <i>Essai sur l'Education des Aveugles</i>. Toch duurde het tot de geschriften van <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi" title="Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi">Pestalozzi</a> e.a. en tot het recht op opvoeding bespreekbaar werd en sociaal-politieke betekenis verwierf vooraleer de in onwetendheid levende blinde kon worden 'vermenselijkt'. Ook de groeiende bekommernis van de katholieke kerk voor de gehandicapte en zwakke mens lag mede ten grondslag aan het idee, dat de persoon met een visuele handicap een zelfstandige mens onder de mensen moest worden. </p><p>Einde achttiende, begin negentiende eeuw ontstonden de eerste onderwijsinstellingen voor blinden. De echte mijlpaal in de maatschappelijke integratie voor blinden is de uitvinding van het <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">brailleschrift</a> door <a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a> (1809-1852). Pas in 1878 werd het erkend voor veralgemeend gebruik. Slechtzienden raken veel moeilijker geïntegreerd, het duurt tot de jaren dertig van de twintigste eeuw vooraleer zij aangepast onderwijs kunnen genieten. </p><p>Terwijl in de twintigste eeuw het mensbeeld en het onderwijs sterk evolueerden, bleef de erkenning van en de waardering voor de persoon met een visuele handicap achter. Ook in de 21ste eeuw is er nog relatief weinig infrastructuur, hoewel er wordt gewerkt aan <a href="/wiki/Buitengewoon_onderwijs" title="Buitengewoon onderwijs">geïntegreerd onderwijs</a> en zelfs <a href="/wiki/Inclusief_onderwijs" title="Inclusief onderwijs">inclusief onderwijs</a>, aangepaste bibliotheken of afdelingen binnen de openbare bibliotheken, mogelijkheden om het openbaar vervoer te gebruiken. Dit is moeilijker als personen met een visuele handicap ook een andere handicap hebben, zoals een auditieve of motorische beperking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kenmerken">Kenmerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een persoon met een visuele handicap leeft in een andere wereld en staat anders tegenover de dingen. <a href="/wiki/Non-verbale_communicatie" title="Non-verbale communicatie">Non-verbale communicatie</a>, gebaseerd op het visuele is voor blinden moeilijker. Door hun blindheid hebben ze zich aangepast in hun <a href="/wiki/Waarneming_(perceptie)" title="Waarneming (perceptie)">waarneming</a> en <a href="/wiki/Geheugen_(psychologie)" title="Geheugen (psychologie)">herinneren</a> ze zich andere dingen. Blinden staan anders tegenover zichzelf en hebben een aangepaste <a href="/wiki/Motoriek" title="Motoriek">motoriek</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hulpmiddelen">Hulpmiddelen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hulpmiddelen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hulpmiddelen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg/260px-Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg/390px-Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg/520px-Answer_to_inequality_cant_be_blindness_poster_vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Blindheid als <a href="/wiki/Metafoor" title="Metafoor">metafoor</a> voor <a href="/wiki/Rationele_onwetendheid" title="Rationele onwetendheid">onverschilligheid</a>: <i>Het antwoord op ongelijkheid kan niet blindheid zijn</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luisterboek" title="Luisterboek">Audioboek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blindenstok" title="Blindenstok">Blindenstok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geleidehond" title="Geleidehond">Blindengeleidehond</a></li> <li>Geleidelijnen: "paden" in bijvoorbeeld stations bestaande uit een aantal ribbels in de looprichting.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schermlezer" title="Schermlezer">Schermlezer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brailleleesregel" title="Brailleleesregel">brailleleesregel</a> om computers, tablets en smartphones te bedienen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navilens" title="Navilens">Navilens</a>, een hulpmiddel via een <a href="/wiki/Kleurcodering" title="Kleurcodering">kleurvakjescode</a> op bv. stations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andere_betekenissen_van_blind">Andere betekenissen van blind</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andere betekenissen van blind" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andere betekenissen van blind"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blindheid slaat in figuurlijke zin op de beperking in inzicht of begrip, of het over het hoofd zien van iets. Blind is daarnaast een begrip bij bord- of kaartspelen waarbij een speler het bord of de kaarten niet kan zien en dus posities moet onthouden. Men spreekt in de dactylografie ten slotte ook over blind typen, dat wil zeggen typen zonder naar de vingers te kijken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blindisme" title="Blindisme">Blindisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchocerciase" title="Onchocerciase">Onchocerciase</a>, rivierblindheid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slechtziendheid" title="Slechtziendheid">Slechtziendheid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blindheid&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brailleliga.be">Belgische Brailleliga</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blindheid#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Blindheid">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Visual_impairment#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Visual impairment">Visual impairment</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen">NS</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ns.nl/geleidelijnen/chooseStation.do">Geleidelijnen zoeken</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024614/https://www.ns.nl/geleidelijnen/chooseStation.do">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-11-09">9 november 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67045932">.mw-parser-output .gesproken_wiki_player .vjs-subs-caps-button{display:none}</style>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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