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id="menu-item-70" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-70" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/indicateurs/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Indicateurs</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-69" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-69" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/metadonnees/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Métadonnées</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-2388" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2388 fusion-dropdown-menu" data-item-id="2388"><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/" class="fusion-flex-link fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span class="fusion-megamenu-icon"><i class="glyphicon fa fa-flask"></i></span><span class="menu-text">Programmes de recherches</span></a><ul role="menu" class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-140" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-140 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/africapolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Africapolis</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-693" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-693 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/arcticapolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Arcticapolis</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-645" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-645 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/brasipolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Brasipolis</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-674 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/chinapolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Chinapolis</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-661" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-661 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/europolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Europolis</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-679 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/indiapolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Indiapolis</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-685 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/programmes-de-recherches/menapolis/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Menapolis</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-1290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1290 fusion-dropdown-menu" data-item-id="1290"><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/publications-academiques/" class="fusion-flex-link fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span class="fusion-megamenu-icon"><i class="glyphicon fa fa-graduation-cap"></i></span><span class="menu-text">Références</span></a><ul role="menu" class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-88" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/publications-academiques/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Publications académiques</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-86" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/citations/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Citations</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-2812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2812 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/ouvrages/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Ouvrages</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-89" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/theses/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Thèses</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-2811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2811 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/conferences-colloques/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Conférences & colloques</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-2391" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2391 fusion-dropdown-submenu" ><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/references/seminaire-enseignement/" class="fusion-bar-highlight" role="menuitem"><span>Séminaire & Enseignement</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="fusion-custom-menu-item fusion-main-menu-search"><a class="fusion-main-menu-icon fusion-bar-highlight" href="#" aria-label="Recherche" data-title="Recherche" title="Recherche"></a><div class="fusion-custom-menu-item-contents"><form role="search" class="searchform fusion-search-form" method="get" action="http://e-geopolis.org/"> <div class="fusion-search-form-content"> <div class="fusion-search-field search-field"> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Rechercher</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" class="s" placeholder="Rechercher..." required aria-required="true" aria-label="Rechercher..."/> </div> <div class="fusion-search-button search-button"> <input type="submit" class="fusion-search-submit searchsubmit" value="" /> </div> </div> </form> </div></li></ul></nav> <div class="fusion-mobile-menu-icons"> <a href="#" class="fusion-icon fusion-icon-bars" aria-label="Toggle mobile menu" aria-expanded="false"></a> </div> <nav class="fusion-mobile-nav-holder fusion-mobile-menu-text-align-left" aria-label="Main Menu Mobile"></nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fusion-clearfix"></div> </header> <div id="sliders-container"> </div> <div class="fusion-page-title-bar fusion-page-title-bar-none fusion-page-title-bar-left"> <div class="fusion-page-title-row"> <div class="fusion-page-title-wrapper"> <div class="fusion-page-title-captions"> <h1 class="entry-title">Geopolis</h1> </div> <div class="fusion-page-title-secondary"> <div class="fusion-breadcrumbs"><span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a itemprop="url" href="http://e-geopolis.org"><span itemprop="title">Accueil</span></a></span><span class="fusion-breadcrumb-sep">/</span><span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a itemprop="url" href="http://e-geopolis.org/le-projet/"><span itemprop="title">Le projet</span></a></span><span class="fusion-breadcrumb-sep">/</span><span class="breadcrumb-leaf">Geopolis</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" role="main" class="clearfix width-100" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"> <div class="fusion-row" style="max-width:100%;"> <section id="content" class="full-width"> <div id="post-19" class="post-19 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <span class="entry-title rich-snippet-hidden">Geopolis</span><span class="vcard rich-snippet-hidden"><span class="fn"><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/author/e-geopolis/" title="Articles par E-Geopolis" rel="author">E-Geopolis</a></span></span><span class="updated rich-snippet-hidden">2018-05-03T12:26:48+02:00</span> <div class="post-content"> <div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-parallax-fixed nonhundred-percent-fullwidth hundred-percent-height hundred-percent-height-center-content non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: #01337a;background-image: url("http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/CONTENUS-ARTICLES/F1.large_.jpg");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:50px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:50px;padding-left:0px;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-attachment:fixed;'><div class="fusion-fullwidth-center-content"><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first fusion-blend-mode 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;width:48%; margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding: 50px 50px 50px 50px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-title title sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-size-three" style="border-bottom-color:#ff9800;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;"><h3 class="title-heading-left">Définition de l’agglomération urbaine</h3></div><div class="fusion-text"><p>Une agglomération urbaine est une unité bâtie sans discontinuité de plus de 200 mètres entre deux bâtiments et qui compte au moins 10 000 habitants</p> </div><div class="fusion-title title sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-size-three" style="border-bottom-color:#ff9800;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;"><h3 class="title-heading-left">Actualisation de la base de données Geopolis</h3></div><div class="fusion-text"><p>La mise à jour de la base de données Geopolis nécessite la mise en oeuvre de trois sources d’informations : Source 1) les agglomérations, Source 2) les statistiques de population relatives aux unités locales (UL) harmonisées dans la base de données Geokhoris, Source 3) la géolocalisation des unités locales (UL).</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:50px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-title title sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-size-four" style="border-bottom-color:#ff9800;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;"><h4 class="title-heading-left">Source 1. Les agglomérations</h4></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:50px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first fusion-column-no-min-height 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-column-content-centered"><div class="fusion-column-content"><div class="fusion-text"><p>L’agglomération est une unité bâtie sans discontinuité de plus de 200 mètres entre deux bâtiments.</p> <p>Les limites des agglomérations ne tiennent pas compte des limites administratives quel que soit leur niveau (frontières internationales, …, municipales…).</p> <p>Les constructions qui font partye de l’agglomération sont : les bâtiments dédiés aux diverses activités et services urbains publics ou privés (résidences, bâtiments administratifs, entreprises, commerces…) mais aussi : les bâtiments industriels et portuaires, les mines, les cimetières, les aérports, les terrains de sport, les golfs, les parcs urbains, les communautés fermées.</p> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-column-content-centered"><div class="fusion-column-content"><span class="fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-zoomin"><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo.png" class="fusion-lightbox" data-rel="iLightbox[4c2f3253f65aff19a92]" data-title="contenu-agglo" title="contenu-agglo"><img src="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo.png" width="1269" height="777" alt="" class="img-responsive wp-image-492" srcset="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo-200x122.png 200w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo-400x245.png 400w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo-600x367.png 600w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo-800x490.png 800w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo-1200x735.png 1200w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/contenu-agglo.png 1269w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 1269px" /></a></span></div></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:50px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:25px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-first 1_4" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><p>Les interruptions linéaires, les rivières et fleuves ainsi que les routes, les autoroutes, les voies de chemin de fer, ne coupent pas l’agglomération en largeur lorsque les constructions sont à moins de 200 mètres au total de part et d’autre de l’infrastructure ou du cours d’eau.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-one-fourth 1_4" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="imageframe-align-center"><span class="fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-zoomin"><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale.png" class="fusion-lightbox" data-rel="iLightbox[b9fb35494e4894593eb]" data-title="schema-methode-route-logitudinale" title="schema-methode-route-logitudinale"><img src="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale.png" width="3364" height="2096" alt="" class="img-responsive wp-image-496" srcset="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale-200x125.png 200w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale-400x249.png 400w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale-600x374.png 600w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale-800x498.png 800w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale-1200x748.png 1200w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-route-logitudinale.png 3364w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 3364px" /></a></span></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-one-fourth 1_4" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><p>De même, les échangeurs autoroutiers ne sont pas considérés comme des discontinuités pour l’agglomération du moment qu’il y a moins de 200 mètres au total de part et d’autre de l’infrastructure.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last 1_4" style='margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 30px 0px 30px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="imageframe-align-center"><span class="fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-zoomin"><a href="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur.png" class="fusion-lightbox" data-rel="iLightbox[8fd0b088e4c4fba5928]" data-title="schema-methode-echangeur" title="schema-methode-echangeur"><img src="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur.png" width="1978" height="1963" alt="" class="img-responsive wp-image-497" srcset="http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur-200x198.png 200w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur-400x397.png 400w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur-600x595.png 600w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur-800x794.png 800w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur-1200x1191.png 1200w, http://e-geopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/schema-methode-echangeur.png 1978w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 1978px" /></a></span></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 50px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><p>Les limites des agglomérations sont identifiées à partir d’images satelitaires et de cartes topographiques.</p> <p>Les taches des agglomérations sont des objets géographiques de type polygone. Elles constituent une couche d’informations dans un SIG. Les informations relatives aux taches des agglomérations sont: les polygones, la superficie (km²).</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode methodo nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-title title sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-size-four" style="border-bottom-color:#ff9800;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;"><h4 class="title-heading-left">Source 2. Les UL harmonisées de la base de données Geokhoris</h4></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode methodo nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><p>Le processus de collecte et d’harmonisation des statistiques relatives aux UL représente un travail complexe qui fonde la base de données Geokhoris. Geokhoris est une source indispensable pour mettre à jour la base de données Geopolis.</p> <p>Geokhoris ets le résultat du croisement de deux types d’informations : o resultado da reunião de dois tipos de fontes : Source 2.1) les statistiques de population par UL recueillies à différentes dates de publication ; Source 2.2) le géoréférencement des UL harmonisées.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><h5>Source 2.1. Les statistiques de population en séries par Unités Locales – UL- pour différentes dates de publication</h5> <h6>Critères généraux pour choisir les sources statistiques et les UL</h6> <p><u>1) Choisir les sources statistiques</u></p> <p>Les statistiques de population mises en oeuvre sont choisies pour leur disponibilité dans des publications officielles (les recensements généraux de population sont privilégiés, dénombrements, estimations officielles, annuaires démographiques, données de l’Etat civil…), pour leur fiabilité, la régularité et la pérennité des publications et de la méthode de production de données.</p> <p><u>2) Choisir l’UL la plus pertinente pour chaque pays</u></p> <p>Les statistiques de population doivent être publiées pour des unités territoriales de niveau local qui peuvent être de nature administrative (municipalité, commune, localité…), religieuse (paroisse), censitaire, électorale, que nous appelerons de manière générale les Unités Locales (UL).</p> <p>Nous choisissons :</p> <p>1- les UL les plus petites possibles pour mettre en oeuvre les informations relatives à la distribution spatiale de la population les plus précises possibles ;</p> <p>2- les UL les plus pérennes possibles pour mettre en oeuvre les informations pour la période la plus longue possible ;</p> <p>3 – les UL de même nature (administrative, religieuse…) ou alors définies de manière semblable durant la période la plus longue possible.</p> <p>Une évaluation et une critique des sources statistiques disponibles sont donc réalisées en amont, avant de choisir les UL à mettre en oeuvre, afin de répondre à ces deux critères de précision géographique relative à l’extension spatiale des UL, et de pérennité des UL pour suivre les statistiques de population locale au cours du temps.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode methodo nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:50px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:50px;padding-left:30px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><h6>Harmonisation de l’identité des UL à partir des séries historiques par UL</h6> <p>Les statistiques sont harmonisées pour un ensemble d’UL composites afin d’être comparables dans le temps ou dans l’espace, c’est à dire entre différentes périodes, régions et divers pays du monde. Les UL composites sont établies pour deux raisons: 1) permettre d’harmoniser les données statistiques issues de publications de dates variées ; 2) mettre en oeuvre des objets géographiques tels que les UL qui soient comparables en termes de superficie, et de nature aux UL des autres pays.</p> <p>Nous parlons d’UL composites pour deux raisons.</p> <p>1) Les UL établies peuvent mêler des unités territoriales qui sont distinctes du point de vue juridique, administratif… dans le contexte national. Cette qualité disparait dans la base de données pour permettre la mise en oeuvre d’un ensemble harmonisé d’unités territoriales. Par exemple, les villes et les espaces ruraux peuvent être distingués dans le recensement national mais, du point de vue de la base de données, ce sont deux types d’UL réunis pour composer le maillage des UL.</p> <p>2) La liste des UL pour lesquelles plusieurs séries statistiques sont disponibles peuvent au cours du temps changer : de limite spatiale en cas de fusion ou de démembrement, de toponyme, d’identifiant officiel (code national), de statut officiel (adminisrtatif, juridique…). Il est nécessaire d’établir l’histoire des changements d’identité de chaque UL pour harmoniser ensuite les données statistiques. Les UL actuelles, établies pour la dernière publication officielle de chaque pays, sont la référence pour établir cette histoire.</p> <p>Pour chaque pays, chaque UL et chaque année de publication de statistiques, nous établissons les informations suivantes : l’identifiant (code) international des UL actuelles, le toponyme actuel, l’affiliation administrative depuis les niveaux supérieurs (pays, région…) au niveau local, les identifiants (codes) officiels historiques, les toponymes historiques, l’affiliation administrative historique.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><h6>Harmonisation des statistiques pour les UL harmonisées</h6> <p>Pour comparer les statistiques relatives à différentes années par UL, il s’agit de mettre en oeuvre les mêmes UL pour l’ensemble de la période, soit harmoniser les données pour une liste d’UL fixe pour toute la période : nous choisissons les UL actuelles pour harmoniser les données relatives aux UL des séries historiques.</p> <p>Cela signifie que :</p> <p>-dans le cas de fusion de plusieurs UL, c’est à dire de diminution du nombre d’UL et de simplification du maillage des UL, les statistiques de population des UL fusionnées sont aditionnées.</p> <p>– dans le cas de démembrement d’UL, c’est à dire d’augmentation du nombre des UL et de complexification du maillage des UL, il s’agit soit de réévaluer la population des UL d’aujourd’hui par l’intérmédiaire d’une rétropolation, soit de considérer que les UL n’étaient pas peuplées avant leur émergence lors du démembrement</p> </div><div class="fusion-text"><h6>Harmonisation des statistiques par UL par décennie, pour les années en 0</h6> <p>Les statistiques de population par UL sont harmonisées pour des dates fixes, les années en 0, c’est à dire par décennie, pour tous les pays du monde malgré la variété des dates des publications officielles. Cette harmonisation s’effectue par interpolation de deux dates de publications de statistiques, par rétropoltaion ou par projection.</p> <p>Les UL établies sont caractérisées par : l’identifiant (code) international des UL actuelles, le toponyme actuel, la population pour les années en 0.</p> <p>Les statistiques de population pour une liste d’UL fixe et pour chaque pays sont ainsi comparables au cours du temps, sous forme de séries historiques et pour tous les pays du monde.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-ie-mode methodo nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:15px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:30px;'><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row "><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><h5>Source 2.2. Géoréférencement des UL harmonizsées</h5> <p>Les UL actuelles sont géoéréféréencés dans un SIG par leurs coordonnées géographiques (elles sont sous forme de points dans le SIG)/ ou par leur extension spatiale (sous forme de polygones).</p> <p>Cette source peut être publiée ou acquise. Il est nécessaire que les UL actuelles géoéréférencées soient identifiées aussi par leur identifiant officiel ou par eur toponyme associé à d’autres informations administratives afin de pouvoir associer le géoréférencement de chaque UL avec les séries statistiques pour chacune d’elles (source 2).</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><h5>Produit final Source 2. Base de données sur les UL : Geokhoris</h5> <p>Les sources 2.1. et 2.2. sont associées grâce à l’ identifiant officiel des UL commun aux deux sources ou au toponyme. Les UL harmonisées à partir des UL actuelles sont caractérisées au minimum par: l’identifiant international Geokhoris (composé par le code ISO 3 du pays et l‘identifiant officiel de l’UL), l’affiliation administrative, le toponyme officiel actuel, le géoréférencement, et les statistiques de population pour les années en 0. Il peut y avoir des informations historiques : les identificants, les toponymes, les affiliations historiques.</p> <p>La base de données Geokhoris réunit les données relatives aux UL harmonisées.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-title title sep-underline sep-solid fusion-title-size-four" style="border-bottom-color:#ff9800;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;"><h4 class="title-heading-left"><p class="I11">Produit final. Base de données sur les agglomérations urbaines Geopolis</p></h4></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'> <div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;" data-bg-url=""> <div class="fusion-text"><h5>Le croisement entre les agglomérations (Source 1) et les UL (Source 2)</h5> <p>La source 1, ou alors les taches des agglomérations, et la source 2, les UL établies dans Geokhoris sont croisées dans un SIG pour identifier les UL sur lesquelles s’étendent les agglomérations.</p> </div><div class="fusion-text"><h5>Produit final Geopolis</h5> <p>Dans la base de données Geopolis, chaque agglomération est ainsi caractérisée par le nombre d’UL sur lesquelles l’agglomération s’étend, par la population qui est la somme de la population de ces mêmes UL, par la superficie (km²).</p> <p>Seules les agglomérations de plus de 10 000 habitants figurent dans la base de données Geopolis.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div><div class="fusion-column-wrapper" style="content:'';z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;" data-bg-url=""></div> </div> </div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last 1_2" style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - 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