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<li id="toc-Summarized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summarized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Summarized</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summarized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detailed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detailed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Detailed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detailed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moldavian Democratic Republic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малдаўская Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малдаўская Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малдоўская Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малдоўская Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavsk%C3%A1_demokratick%C3%A1_republika" title="Moldavská demokratická republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moldavská demokratická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldauische_Demokratische_Republik" title="Moldauische Demokratische Republik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moldauische Demokratische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Democr%C3%A1tica_Moldava" title="República Democrática Moldava – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Democrática Moldava" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_moldave" title="République démocratique moldave – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République démocratique moldave" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%8B%A4%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="몰다비아 민주공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몰다비아 민주공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Moldavia" title="Republik Demokratik Moldavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Demokratik Moldavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_di_Moldavia" title="Repubblica Democratica di Moldavia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Democratica di Moldavia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית המולדובנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית המולדובנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მოლდოვის დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოლდოვის დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold%C4%81vijas_Demokr%C4%81tisk%C4%81_Republika" title="Moldāvijas Demokrātiskā Republika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Moldāvijas Demokrātiskā Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratische_Republiek_Moldavi%C3%AB" title="Democratische Republiek Moldavië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Democratische Republiek Moldavië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="モルダヴィア民主共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モルダヴィア民主共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_moldovske_demokratiske_republikk" title="Den moldovske demokratiske republikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den moldovske demokratiske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C5%82dawska_Republika_Demokratyczna" title="Mołdawska Republika Demokratyczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mołdawska Republika Demokratyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Democr%C3%A1tica_da_Mold%C3%A1via" title="República Democrática da Moldávia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Democrática da Moldávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Democratic%C4%83_Moldoveneasc%C4%83" title="Republica Democratică Moldovenească – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Democratică Moldovenească" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молдавска демократічна републіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Молдавска демократічна републіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молдавская демократическая республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Молдавская демократическая республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavsk%C3%A1_demokratick%C3%A1_republika" title="Moldavská demokratická republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moldavská demokratická republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молдавска Демократска Република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Молдавска Демократска Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavska_Demokratska_Republika" title="Moldavska Demokratska Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Moldavska Demokratska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan_demokraattinen_tasavalta" title="Moldovan demokraattinen tasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moldovan demokraattinen tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ҷумҳурии Демократии Молдова – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Демократии Молдова" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_Demokratik_Cumhuriyeti" title="Moldova Demokratik Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Moldova Demokratik Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молдовська Демократична Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Молдовська Демократична Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="摩爾達維亞民主共和國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="摩爾達維亞民主共和國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q964024#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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For the historical principality, see <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>. For the modern state, see <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Moldavia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Moldavia (disambiguation)">Moldavia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Moldavian Democratic Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Republica Democratică Moldovenească</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1917–1918</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Moldavia"><img alt="First flag of the country" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia" title="Flag and coat of arms of Moldavia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Moldavia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Moldavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg/85px-COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg/128px-COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg/170px-COA_from_Flag_of_Sfatul_Tarii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia" title="Flag and coat of arms of Moldavia"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> "<a href="/wiki/De%C8%99teapt%C4%83-te,_rom%C3%A2ne!" title="Deșteaptă-te, române!">Deșteaptă-te, române!</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />("Awaken thee, Romanian!")<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="139" data-mwtitle="Desteapta-te,_romane!.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Desteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Desteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg/Desteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADesteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADesteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADesteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADesteapta-te%2C_romane%21.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Territory claimed by the Moldavian Democratic Republic"><img alt="Territory claimed by the Moldavian Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg/250px-RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg/375px-RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg/500px-RDM_in_Europe_1917.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Territory claimed by the Moldavian Democratic Republic</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1917–1918 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ion_Incule%C8%9B" title="Ion Inculeț">Ion Inculeț</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">15 December [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 2 December] 1917<sup>a</sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">6 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 24 January] 1918</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union with Romania</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 27 March] 1918</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1">See <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">Adoption of the Gregorian calendar</a>.</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg/220px-Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg/330px-Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg/440px-Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace_in_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace" title="Sfatul Țării Palace">Sfatul Țării Palace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfatul_Tarii,_10_December_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sfatul_Tarii%2C_10_December_1918.jpg/220px-Sfatul_Tarii%2C_10_December_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sfatul_Tarii%2C_10_December_1918.jpg/330px-Sfatul_Tarii%2C_10_December_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sfatul_Tarii%2C_10_December_1918.jpg/440px-Sfatul_Tarii%2C_10_December_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a></i> members in front of the <a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace" title="Sfatul Țării Palace">parliament building</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Moldova" title="Category:History of Moldova">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moldova" title="History of Moldova">History of <span class="fn org label">Moldova</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Moldova"><img alt="Coat of arms of Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistory of Southeastern Europe">Antiquity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernyakhov_culture" title="Chernyakhov culture">Chernyakhov culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Carpathian-Dniester_area_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian-Dniester area in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Romanians" title="Origin of the Romanians">Origin of the Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivertsi" title="Tivertsi">Tivertsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodnici" title="Brodnici">Brodnici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Maramure%C8%99" title="Voivodeship of Maramureș">Voivodeship of Maramureș</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of Moldavia">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia_in_the_Early_Modern_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavia in the Early Modern Era">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanariotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanariotes">Phanariotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">United Principalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1812)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1812)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moldavian Democratic Republic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_military_intervention_in_Bessarabia" title="Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia">Romanian military intervention</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union of Bessarabia with Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_Governorate" title="Transnistria Governorate">Transnistria Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust in Romania">The Holocaust</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian ASSR</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovenism" title="Moldovenism">Moldovenism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Moldovan resistance during World War II">Anti-fascist resistance</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Republic of Moldova</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Moldovan Declaration of Independence">Independence of Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Transnistria">War of Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_Republic" title="Gagauz Republic">Gagauz Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_independent_Moldova" title="History of independent Moldova">History of independent Moldova</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/16px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/24px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/32px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Moldova" title="Portal:Moldova">Moldova portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Moldova" title="Template:History of Moldova"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Moldova" title="Template talk:History of Moldova"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Moldova" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Moldova"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Moldavian Democratic Republic</b> (<b>MDR</b>; <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Republica Democratică Moldovenească</i>, <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">RDM</i></span>), also known as the <b>Moldavian Republic</b> or <b>Moldavian People's Republic</b>, was a state proclaimed on 15 December [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 2 December] 1917 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a></i> (National Council) of <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>, elected in October–November 1917 following the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> and the start of the disintegration of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. </p><p>The <i>Sfatul Țării</i> was its legislative body, while the "Council of Directors General", renamed the "Council of Ministers" after the Declaration of Independence, was its government. The Republic was proclaimed on 2/15 December 1917, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia">Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia</a>. </p><p>The anthem of the country was <i><a href="/wiki/De%C8%99teapt%C4%83-te,_rom%C3%A2ne!" title="Deșteaptă-te, române!">Deșteaptă-te, române!</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia">Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_military_intervention_in_Bessarabia" title="Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia">Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summarized">Summarized</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summarized"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brief history of the 1917–1918 Moldavian Democratic Republic can be divided into three periods: the period of autonomy within Russia, the period of independence, and the period of federation with Romania. On 2/15 December, Moldavia proclaimed itself a constituent republic of the Russian Federative Democratic Republic. On 1/14 January 1918, the Front Section of the <a href="/wiki/Rumcherod" title="Rumcherod">Rumcherod</a> Bolsheviks entered <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, the capital of the nascent republic. After the nationalist faction of the <i>Sfatul Țării</i> requested military assistance from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian Army</a> crossed the republic's border on 10/23 January, taking the capital within days. With the Romanian Army in full control, on 24 January/6 February, the Moldavian Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence. On 27 March/9 April, Moldavia entered a conditioned union (essentially a federation) with the Kingdom of Romania, retaining its provincial autonomy as well as its legislative body (the <i>Sfatul Țării</i>). On 27 November/10 December, after the end of World War I, a secret meeting of <i>Sfatul Țării</i> members renounced all conditions and proclaimed the unconditional union of Bessarabia with Romania, effectively amounting to an annexation by the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was its last act, as it was subsequently dissolved and prominent unionists were invited to <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During its 1-year existence, the Moldavian Democratic Republic had three Prime Ministers: <a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan" title="Pantelimon Erhan">Pantelimon Erhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ciugureanu" title="Daniel Ciugureanu">Daniel Ciugureanu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petru_Cazacu" title="Petru Cazacu">Petru Cazacu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detailed">Detailed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Detailed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> occurred in <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> in 1917, the governor of the <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a> stepped down and passed his legal powers to <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Mimi" title="Constantin Mimi">Constantin Mimi</a>, the President of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernial_Zemstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gubernial Zemstvo (page does not exist)">Gubernial Zemstvo</a>, which was named <i>the Commissar of the Provisional Government in Bessarabia</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Cristi" title="Vladimir Cristi">Vladimir Cristi</a> his deputy. Similar procedures took place in all regions of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>: the chiefs of the Tsarist administrations passed their legal powers to the chiefs of the County and Governorate Zemstvos, which were then called <i>County/Governorate Commissars</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ion_Nistor,_p._279_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ion_Nistor,_p._279-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Peasants' Congress, which took place in October 1917, voted Mimi out and <a href="/wiki/Ion_Incule%C8%9B" title="Ion Inculeț">Ion Inculeț</a> in as the new Commissar. This move was planned by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky</a>, who sent Inculeț, an associate professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Petrograd">University of Petrograd</a>, to Bessarabia to take hold of the situation. As soon as the Peasants' Congress, which had no legal power, voted, Kerenski formally replaced Mimi with Inculeț. When Inculeț arrived in Chișinău to take power, he faced the quiet opposition of the nobility, so he agreed to take the position of deputy commissar to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Cristi" title="Vladimir Cristi">Vladimir Cristi</a>. When the republic was proclaimed, Cristi stepped down and passed his legal powers to Inculeț.<sup id="cite_ref-Ion_Nistor,_p._279_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ion_Nistor,_p._279-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Sfatul Țării</i> (National Council) of <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> was elected in October–November 1917, and started to work in December 1917. It proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic as a <a href="/wiki/Federal_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal subject">federal subject</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">autonomous republic</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Democratic Federative Republic">Russian Democratic Federative Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Sfatul Țării</i> voted 86 in favour of proclamation, 6 against, and 36 abstentions. However only within three days, the Bolsheviks seized power in Chișinău.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the context of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Romanian Front (Russian Empire)">Russian Army on the Romanian Front</a> disintegrated. The large number of retreating soldiers increased the level of anarchy in Bessarabia, leaving the National Council with only minimal authority over the territory. To further complicate matters, as the council was delaying a decision on the agrarian question, peasants across the region started to break up the estates of the large landowners and divide them among themselves. As the General Staff of the Romanian Front was unable to send any troops, attempts were made to organize a Moldavian National Guard, but the results were far from expectations. Furthermore, most of the army corps nominally subjected to the National Council came under <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> influence. However, in mid-January Romanians entered the country, engaged in battles with the Moldavian and Bolshevik troops and within a couple of weeks controlled much of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Meurs65_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meurs65-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the leaders of Moldavian troops that offered resistance were also figures formerly loyal to the National Council, such as captain <a href="/wiki/Anatolie_Popa" title="Anatolie Popa">Anatolie Popa</a>. </p><p>Following the signing of separate peace armistices by <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Germany">Imperial Germany</a> with <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik Russia">Bolshevik Russia</a> the <i>Sfatul Țării</i>, with 86 votes in favour, 3 against and 36 abstentions, proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union of Bessarabia with the Kingdom of Romania</a> on 9 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 27 March] 1918, with the condition of local autonomy and the continuation of Bessarabian legislative and executive bodies, legally ending the Moldavian Democratic Republic. Discouraged by the fact that the Romanian troops were already present in Chișinău, many minority deputies abstained from voting.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union was confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1920)" title="Treaty of Paris (1920)">Treaty of Paris (1920)</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RDM_events_EN.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/RDM_events_EN.png/1000px-RDM_events_EN.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="510" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/RDM_events_EN.png/1500px-RDM_events_EN.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/RDM_events_EN.png 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Some key events and historical context. All dates follow the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">gregorian calendar</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan_Cabinet" title="Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet">Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ciugureanu_Cabinet" title="Daniel Ciugureanu Cabinet">Daniel Ciugureanu Cabinet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petru_Cazacu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru Cazacu Cabinet">Petru Cazacu Cabinet</a></div> <p>The leadership of the Moldavian Republic was composed of <a href="/wiki/Ion_Incule%C8%9B" title="Ion Inculeț">Ion Inculeț</a>, the president of the <i>Sfatul Țării</i> and President of the Republic; and <a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan" title="Pantelimon Erhan">Pantelimon Erhan</a>, the President of the <i>Council of Directors General.</i> The new leadership and Council was put in place after the country was declared independence by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ciugureanu" title="Daniel Ciugureanu">Daniel Ciugureanu</a>, as President of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Council of Ministers</a>. The <i>Sfatul Țării</i> was initially composed of 120 elected members, although member numbers were later increased to 135 and then 150. For example, on 9 April, there were 138 legislators, of which 125 took part in the vote, and 13 were absent. </p><p>On 21 December [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 8 December] 1917, the <i>Sfatul Țării</i> elected the government of the Moldavian Democratic Republic - the Council of Directors General, with nine members, seven Moldavians, one Ukrainian, and one Jew: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan" title="Pantelimon Erhan">Pantelimon Erhan</a>, President of the council, and Director General for Agriculture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Cristi" title="Vladimir Cristi">Vladimir Cristi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Moldova)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Moldova)">Director General for Internal Affairs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Ciobanu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ștefan Ciobanu (politician)">Ștefan Ciobanu</a>, Director General for Education.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofil_Ioncu" title="Teofil Ioncu">Teofil Ioncu</a>, Director General for Finance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Bosie-Codreanu" title="Nicolae Bosie-Codreanu">Nicolae Bosie-Codreanu</a>, Director General for Railways.</li> <li>Major <a href="/wiki/Teodor_Cojocaru" title="Teodor Cojocaru">Teodor Cojocaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Moldova)" title="Ministry of Defense (Moldova)">Director General for Armed Forces</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Savenco" title="Mihail Savenco">Mihail Savenco</a>, Director General for Justice.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Grinfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Grinfeld (page does not exist)">E. Grinfeld</a>, Director General for Industry and Trade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Pelivan" title="Ion Pelivan">Ion Pelivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_European_Integration_(Moldova)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Moldova)">Director General for Foreign Affairs</a>.</li></ul> <p>In its first decree, the Council set forward the aim to "introduce order in all the aspects of life of the country, to eliminate anarchy and disaster, to organize all the aspects of state administration". An Executive Clerk Office (<i>Cancelarie</i>) of the Council of Directors General was set up, and all state, public and private institutions were required to communicate through the Executive Clerk Office to the corresponding Director General for all questions regarding the government of the country. All acts in the domain of public administration made without the previous consent of the respective Directors-General were declared legally void, while the director freed from responsibility for such acts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Declaration of the Moldavian People's Republic."><img alt="Declaration of the Moldavian People's Republic." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/86px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/172px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Declaration of the Moldavian People's Republic.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prime Minister Daniel Ciugureanu."><img alt="Prime Minister Daniel Ciugureanu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg/79px-Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg/119px-Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg/159px-Dr._Daniel_Ciugureanu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="994" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ciugureanu" title="Daniel Ciugureanu">Daniel Ciugureanu</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CStere.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constantin Stere."><img alt="Constantin Stere." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/CStere.jpeg/83px-CStere.jpeg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/CStere.jpeg/125px-CStere.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/CStere.jpeg/167px-CStere.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stere" title="Constantin Stere">Constantin Stere</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Pan Halippa and Sfatul Țării Palace."><img alt="Pan Halippa and Sfatul Țării Palace." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif/120px-Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif/180px-Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif/240px-Stamp_of_Moldova_129.gif 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Halippa" title="Pan Halippa">Pan Halippa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace" title="Sfatul Țării Palace">Sfatul Țării Palace</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Ștefan Ciobanu."><img alt="Ștefan Ciobanu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif/120px-Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif/180px-Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif/240px-Stamp_of_Moldova_370.gif 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Ciobanu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ștefan Ciobanu (politician)">Ștefan Ciobanu</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dumitru_Bogos_(1889-1946).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dimitrie Bogos, chief of the General Staff of the Army."><img alt="Dimitrie Bogos, chief of the General Staff of the Army." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dumitru_Bogos_%281889-1946%29.jpg/110px-Dumitru_Bogos_%281889-1946%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dumitru_Bogos_%281889-1946%29.jpg/165px-Dumitru_Bogos_%281889-1946%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dumitru_Bogos_%281889-1946%29.jpg/220px-Dumitru_Bogos_%281889-1946%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Bogos" title="Dimitrie Bogos">Dimitrie Bogos</a>, chief of the General Staff of the Army.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petru_Cazacu_(1873-1956),_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Petru Cazacu, Prime Minister of Moldavia."><img alt="Petru Cazacu, Prime Minister of Moldavia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Petru_Cazacu_%281873-1956%29%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg/86px-Petru_Cazacu_%281873-1956%29%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Petru_Cazacu_%281873-1956%29%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg/129px-Petru_Cazacu_%281873-1956%29%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Petru_Cazacu_%281873-1956%29%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg/172px-Petru_Cazacu_%281873-1956%29%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Moldova.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="647" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Petru_Cazacu" title="Petru Cazacu">Petru Cazacu</a>, Prime Minister of Moldavia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teofil_Ioncu_(1885-1954).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teofil Ioncu, Director General for Finance."><img alt="Teofil Ioncu, Director General for Finance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Teofil_Ioncu_%281885-1954%29.jpg/84px-Teofil_Ioncu_%281885-1954%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Teofil_Ioncu_%281885-1954%29.jpg/127px-Teofil_Ioncu_%281885-1954%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Teofil_Ioncu_%281885-1954%29.jpg/169px-Teofil_Ioncu_%281885-1954%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Teofil_Ioncu" title="Teofil Ioncu">Teofil Ioncu</a>, Director General for Finance.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_(1894-1968).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gherman Pântea, Director General for Armed Forces."><img alt="Gherman Pântea, Director General for Armed Forces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_%281894-1968%29.jpg/71px-Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_%281894-1968%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_%281894-1968%29.jpg/107px-Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_%281894-1968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_%281894-1968%29.jpg/143px-Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea_%281894-1968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea" title="Gherman Pântea">Gherman Pântea</a>, Director General for Armed Forces.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union of Bessarabia with Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution of 1917">Russian Revolution of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa_Soviet_Republic" title="Odessa Soviet Republic">Odessa Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Yakir" title="Iona Yakir">Iona Yakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_countries_in_Europe_after_1815" title="Former countries in Europe after 1815">Former countries in Europe after 1815</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrieș-Tabac2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andrieș-Tabac, Silviu (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=517859">"Simbolurile Republicii Democratice Moldovenești (1917-1918). Interpretări semantice"</a>. <i>Tyragetia</i> (in Romanian). <b>2</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">291–</span>294.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tyragetia&rft.atitle=Simbolurile+Republicii+Democratice+Moldovene%C8%99ti+%281917-1918%29.+Interpret%C4%83ri+semantice&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E294&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Andrie%C8%99-Tabac&rft.aufirst=Silviu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D517859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoldavian+Democratic+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcel Mitrasca, Algora Publishing, 2007, <i>Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule : Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers</i>, pp. 34-39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vladimir Ubeivolc, Langham Monographs, 2016, <i>Rethinking Missio Dei among Evangelical Churches in an Eastern European Orthodox Context</i>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ion_Nistor,_p._279-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ion_Nistor,_p._279_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ion_Nistor,_p._279_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ion_Nistor" title="Ion Nistor">Ion Nistor</a>, p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Bruchis1996" class="citation book cs1">Michael Bruchis (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7NxoAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Russian+Democratic+Federative+Republic%22&pg=PA15"><i>The Republic of Moldavia: from the collapse of the Soviet empire to the restoration of the Russian empire</i></a>. East European Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780880333733" title="Special:BookSources/9780880333733"><bdi>9780880333733</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Moldavia%3A+from+the+collapse+of+the+Soviet+empire+to+the+restoration+of+the+Russian+empire&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780880333733&rft.au=Michael+Bruchis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7NxoAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Russian%2BDemocratic%2BFederative%2BRepublic%2522%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoldavian+Democratic+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Rychlík,_Bohdan_Zilynskyj,_Paul_Robert_Magocsi2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jan Rychlík, Bohdan Zilynskyj, Paul Robert Magocsi (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKcTDAEACAAJ"><i>Dějiny Ukrajiny</i></a> [<i>The History of Ukraine</i>] (in Czech) (1st ed.). Czech Republic: Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny. p. 261. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7106-409-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7106-409-1"><bdi>978-80-7106-409-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C4%9Bjiny+Ukrajiny&rft.place=Czech+Republic&rft.pages=261&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Nakladatelstv%C3%AD+Lidov%C3%A9+Noviny&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-80-7106-409-1&rft.au=Jan+Rychl%C3%ADk%2C+Bohdan+Zilynskyj%2C+Paul+Robert+Magocsi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKcTDAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoldavian+Democratic+Republic" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meurs65-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meurs65_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Meurs, Wim, <i>The Bessarabian question in communist historiography</i>, East European Monographs, 1994, p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cristina Petrescu, "Contrasting/Conflicting Identities:Bessarabians, Romanians, Moldovans" in Nation-Building and Contested Identities, Polirom, 2001, pg. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, C. The Moldovans: Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture, Hoover Institution Press, 2000, pg. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halipa, Moraru, p.74-75</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moldavian_Democratic_Republic" title="Template:Moldavian Democratic Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moldavian_Democratic_Republic" title="Template talk:Moldavian Democratic Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moldavian_Democratic_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moldavian Democratic Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moldavian_Democratic_Republic124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moldavian Democratic Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Moldova" title="Politics of Moldova">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Moldavian_Party" title="National Moldavian Party">National Moldavian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_election" title="1917 Sfatul Țării election">1917 Sfatul Țării election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_Palace" title="Sfatul Țării Palace">Sfatul Țării Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan_Cabinet" title="Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet">Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ciugureanu_Cabinet" title="Daniel Ciugureanu Cabinet">Daniel Ciugureanu Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Cazacu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru Cazacu Cabinet">Petru Cazacu Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumcherod" title="Rumcherod">Rumcherod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_military_intervention_in_Bessarabia" title="Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia">Romanian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union of Bessarabia with Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, 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Cristi">Cristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan" title="Pantelimon Erhan">Erhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veniamin_I._Grinfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veniamin I. Grinfeld (page does not exist)">Grinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofil_Ioncu" title="Teofil Ioncu">Ioncu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea" title="Gherman Pântea">Pântea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Pelivan" title="Ion Pelivan">Pelivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Savenco" title="Mihail Savenco">Savenco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii" title="Sfatul Țării">Sfatul Țării</a> <br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Alexandri" title="Nicolae Alexandri">Alexandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Alistar" title="Elena Alistar">Alistar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Almendinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Almendinger (page does not exist)">Almendinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Balmez" title="Ștefan Balmez">Balmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Baltag%C4%83" title="Alexandru Baltagă">Baltagă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_B%C3%A2rc%C4%83" title="Teodor Bârcă">Teodor Bârcă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodosie_B%C3%A2rc%C4%83" title="Teodosie Bârcă">Teodosie Bârcă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_B%C3%A2rc%C4%83" title="Vasile Bârcă">V. Bârcă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Z._Bazhbeuk-Melikov" title="Pyotr Z. Bazhbeuk-Melikov">Bazhbeuk-Melikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bivol" title="Constantin Bivol">Bivol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaharia_Boc%C8%99an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaharia Bocșan (page does not exist)">Bocșan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bodescu" title="Vladimir Bodescu">Bodescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bogos" title="Vladimir Bogos">Bogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Bosie-Codreanu" title="Nicolae Bosie-Codreanu">Bosie-Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Botnarciuc" title="Ștefan Botnarciuc">Botnarciuc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Brinici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Brinici (page does not exist)">Brinici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavril_Buciu%C8%99can" title="Gavril Buciușcan">Buciușcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatie_Budi%C8%99teanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignatie Budișteanu">Budișteanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikita_Budnicenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikita Budnicenko (page does not exist)">Budnicenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilarion_Buiuc" title="Ilarion Buiuc">Buiuc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodosie_Bujni%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodosie Bujniță (page does not exist)">Bujniță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buruian%C4%83" title="Gheorghe Buruiană">Buruiană</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Buzdugan" title="Ion Buzdugan">Buzdugan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghi_Cara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghi Cara (page does not exist)">Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Caraiman" title="Anton Caraiman">Caraiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_C%C4%83r%C4%83u%C8%99" title="Dimitrie Cărăuș">Cărăuș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Cazacliu" title="Grigore Cazacliu">G. Cazacliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Cazacliu" title="Ion Cazacliu">I. Cazacliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Cazacliu" title="Vladimir Cazacliu">V. Cazacliu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ceornega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Ceornega (page does not exist)">Ceornega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cern%C4%83u%C8%9Beanu" title="Nicolae Cernăuțeanu">Cernăuțeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cernov" title="Nicolae Cernov">Cernov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Checerul_Cu%C8%99" title="Nicolae Checerul Cuș">Checerul Cuș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afanasie_Chiriac" title="Afanasie Chiriac">Chiriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Chiorescu" title="Vladimir Chiorescu">Chiorescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prokop_Chumachenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prokop Chumachenko (page does not exist)">Chumachenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Cijevschi" title="Vasile Cijevschi">Cijevschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Cior%C4%83scu" title="Vasile Ciorăscu">Ciorăscu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciornei" title="Nicolae Ciornei">Ciornei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ciugureanu" title="Daniel Ciugureanu">Ciugureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Coc%C3%A2rl%C4%83" title="Pavel Cocârlă">Cocârlă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Codreanu_(politician)" title="Ion Codreanu (politician)">Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Corobceanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Corobceanu (page does not exist)">Corobceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Costin" title="Ion Costin">Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofil_Cotoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofil Cotoros (page does not exist)">Cotoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Covali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasile Covali (page does not exist)">Covali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Creang%C4%83_(politician)" title="Ion Creangă (politician)">Creangă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Crihan" title="Anton Crihan">Crihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Cristi" title="Vladimir Cristi">Cristi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petre_Culcev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petre Culcev (page does not exist)">Culcev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexei_Culeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexei Culeva (page does not exist)">Culeva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Curdinovschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasile Curdinovschi (page does not exist)">Curdinovschi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragomir_Diaconovici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragomir Diaconovici (page does not exist)">Diaconovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serghei_Donico-Iord%C4%83chescu" title="Serghei Donico-Iordăchescu">Donico-Iordăchescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Dragomir" title="Dimitrie Dragomir">Dragomir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Dron" title="Dumitru Dron">Dron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Dudchievicz" title="Felix Dudchievicz">Dudchievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Dumitra%C8%99cu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Dumitrașcu (page does not exist)">Dumitrașcu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Epure" title="Boris Epure">Epure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_Erhan" title="Pantelimon Erhan">Erhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Gafencu" title="Vasile Gafencu">Gafencu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_G%C4%83in%C4%83" title="Andrei Găină">Găină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simion_Gale%C8%9Bchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Simion Galețchi">Galețchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Ghenzul" title="Vasile Ghenzul">Ghenzul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isac_Gherman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isac Gherman (page does not exist)">Gherman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandr_Grekulov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandr Grekulov (page does not exist)">Grekulov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadejda_Grinfeld" title="Nadejda Grinfeld">Grinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Groap%C4%83" title="Alexandru Groapă">Groapă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Grosu" title="Nicolae Grosu">Grosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Halippa" title="Pan Halippa">Halippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Harbuz" title="Ion Harbuz">Harbuz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Harea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasile Harea (page does not exist)">Harea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Her%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Herța (page does not exist)">I. Herța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Her%C8%9Ba" title="Teodor Herța">T. Herța</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tefan_Holban_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștefan Holban (politician) (page does not exist)">Holban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ignatiuc" title="Ion Ignatiuc">Ignatiuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Incule%C8%9B" title="Ion Inculeț">Inculeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofil_Ioncu" title="Teofil Ioncu">Ioncu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Iurcu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Iurcu (page does not exist)">Iurcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Kenigschatz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Kenigschatz (page does not exist)">Kenigschatz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Kiriloff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Kiriloff (page does not exist)">Kiriloff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Krivorukov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Krivorukov (page does not exist)">Krivorukov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Krupensky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Krupensky (page does not exist)">Krupensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guttman_Landau" title="Guttman Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_La%C8%99cu" title="Vasile Lașcu">Lașcu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Lichtmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Lichtmann (page does not exist)">Lichtmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Lineff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Lineff (page does not exist)">Lineff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Loesch" title="Alexander Loesch">Loesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Macule%C8%9Bchi" title="Mihail Maculețchi">Maculețchi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitru_Maldor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitru Maldor (page does not exist)">Maldor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Nicolae Mămăligă">Mămăligă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_M%C3%A2ndrescu" title="Vasile Mândrescu">Mândrescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petre_Mani%C8%9Bchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petre Manițchi (page does not exist)">Manițchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitru_Marchitan" title="Dimitru Marchitan">Marchitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mare" title="Gheorghe Mare">Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_M%C3%A2rza" title="Dumitru Mârza">Mârza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Minciun%C4%83" title="Mihail Minciună">Minciună</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krste_Misirkov" title="Krste Misirkov">Misirkov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Moldovan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Moldovan (page does not exist)">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Moraru" title="Alexandru Moraru">Al. Moraru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolie_Moraru" title="Anatolie Moraru">An. Moraru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamfir_Munteanu" title="Zamfir Munteanu">Munteanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iacob_Nagorniak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iacob Nagorniak (page does not exist)">Nagorniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_N%C4%83stase" title="Gheorghe Năstase">Năstase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Neaga" title="Teodor Neaga">Neaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Nichitiuc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Nichitiuc (page does not exist)">Nichitiuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Novakov" title="Anton Novakov">Novakov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkadi_Osmolovski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkadi Osmolovski (page does not exist)">Osmolovski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Osoianu" title="Constantin Osoianu">Osoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efimie_Palii" title="Efimie Palii">Palii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Pan%C8%9B%C3%A2r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Panțâr (page does not exist)">Panțâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherman_P%C3%A2ntea" title="Gherman Pântea">Pântea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Pasc%C4%83lu%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Pascăluță">Pascăluță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Pelivan" title="Ion Pelivan">Pelivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Picior-Mare" title="Petru Picior-Mare">Picior-Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petre_Poliatenciuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petre Poliatenciuk (page does not exist)">Poliatenciuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgi_Ponomarev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgi Ponomarev (page does not exist)">Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Popa_(1910s_politician)" title="Ion Popa (1910s politician)">Popa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentin_Prahni%C8%9Bchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentin Prahnițchi (page does not exist)">Prahnițchi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Rudiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasile Rudiev (page does not exist)">Rudiev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Rugin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Rugină (page does not exist)">Rugină</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_S%C3%A2rbu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Sârbu (page does not exist)">Sârbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Savenco" title="Mihail Savenco">Savenco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calistrat_Savciuc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calistrat Savciuc (page does not exist)">Savciuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiril_Sberea" title="Chiril Sberea">Sberea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Scobioal%C4%83" title="Andrei Scobioală">Scobioală</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Secar%C4%83" title="Nicolae Secară">Secară</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timofei_Silistaru" title="Timofei Silistaru">Silistaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon_V._Sinadino" title="Pantelimon V. Sinadino">Sinadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elefterie_Sinicliu" title="Elefterie Sinicliu">Sinicliu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moise_Slutski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moise Slutski (page does not exist)">Slutski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Soltuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Soltuz">Soltuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiril_Spinei" title="Chiril Spinei">Spinei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Stanevici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodor Stanevici (page does not exist)">Stanevici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Starenki" title="Mihail Starenki">Starenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Stavrii" title="Gheorghe Stavrii">Stavrii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendel_Steinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendel Steinberg (page does not exist)">Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stere" title="Constantin Stere">Stere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Stroescu" title="Vasile Stroescu">Stroescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacov_Sucevan" title="Iacov Sucevan">Sucevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Suruceanu" title="Nicolae Suruceanu">N. Suruceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Suruceanu" title="Teodor Suruceanu">T. Suruceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_%C8%9Aan%C8%9Bu" title="Vasile Țanțu">Țanțu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Tcepciu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Tcepciu (page does not exist)">Tcepciu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Topciu" title="Dumitru Topciu">Topciu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tsyganko" title="Vladimir Tsyganko">Tsyganko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Tudor" title="Gheorghe Tudor">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Tudose" title="Ion Tudose">Tudose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_%C8%9Aurcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Țurcan (page does not exist)">Al. Țurcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonida_%C8%9Aurcan" title="Leonida Țurcan">L. Țurcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Turcuman" title="Grigore Turcuman">Turcuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Uncu" title="Teodor Uncu">Uncu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Valu%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Valuță">Valuță</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eftimie_Vizitiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eftimie Vizitiu (page does not exist)">Vizitiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalie_Zubac" title="Vitalie Zubac">Zubac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other<br />officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_C%C4%83t%C4%83r%C4%83u" title="Ilie Cătărău">Cătărău</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergiu_Victor_Cujb%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergiu Victor Cujbă (page does not exist)">Cujbă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iustin_Fr%C4%83%C8%9Biman" title="Iustin Frățiman">Frățiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolie_Popa" title="Anatolie Popa">Popa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schmidt_(politician)" title="Alexander Schmidt (politician)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Slonim" title="Mark Slonim">Slonim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964024#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata377" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964024#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata377" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964024#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316747565">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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