CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Subject–object–verb word order - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b7af8b58-b9af-4cfd-9858-a8d7ed4e8b1b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Subject–object–verb_word_order","wgTitle":"Subject–object–verb word order","wgCurRevisionId":1258195135,"wgRevisionId":1258195135,"wgArticleId":4768880,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Articles needing additional references from August 2021","All articles needing additional references","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text", "Pages with interlinear glosses using more than three unnamed parameters","Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Articles containing Japanese-language text","Articles containing Korean-language text","Articles containing Burmese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019","Subject–object–verb languages","Word order"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Subject–object–verb_word_order","wgRelevantArticleId":4768880,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Subject–object–verb","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor" :{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q539808","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Subject–object–verb word order - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Subject–object–verb_word_order rootpage-Subject–object–verb_word_order skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Incidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Incidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afroasiatic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afroasiatic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Afroasiatic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afroasiatic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amharic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amharic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Amharic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amharic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oromo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oromo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Oromo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oromo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Somali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tigre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tigre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Tigre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tigre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tigrinya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tigrinya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Tigrinya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tigrinya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Basque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dravidian_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dravidian_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Dravidian languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dravidian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kannada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kannada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Kannada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kannada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malayalam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malayalam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Malayalam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malayalam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Tamil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Telugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Georgian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-European_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-European_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Indo-European languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-European_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Albanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Armenian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germanic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germanic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Germanic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germanic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dutch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.1</span> <span>Dutch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.2</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gothic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gothic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.3</span> <span>Gothic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gothic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_(Classical)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_(Classical)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Greek (Classical)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_(Classical)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Aryan_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Aryan_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.5</span> <span>Indo-Aryan languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Aryan_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.6</span> <span>Iranian languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.7</span> <span>Italic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.7.1</span> <span>Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romance_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romance_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.7.2</span> <span>Romance languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romance_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Korean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Mongolian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quechua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quechua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Quechua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quechua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sino-Tibetan_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sino-Tibetan_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Sino-Tibetan languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sino-Tibetan_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Burmese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burmese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.1</span> <span>Burmese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burmese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.2</span> <span>Chinese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meitei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meitei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.3</span> <span>Meitei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meitei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.4</span> <span>Yi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tungusic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tungusic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Tungusic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tungusic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evenki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evenki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.1</span> <span>Evenki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evenki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manchu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manchu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11.2</span> <span>Manchu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manchu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Turkic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uralic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uralic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Uralic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uralic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hungarian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13.1</span> <span>Hungarian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udmurt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udmurt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13.2</span> <span>Udmurt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udmurt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zarma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zarma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Zarma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zarma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Subject–object–verb word order</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%93%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E2%80%93%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কর্তা–কর্ম–ক্রিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্তা–কর্ম–ক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV" title="SOV – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="SOV" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV" title="SOV – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="SOV" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_SOV" title="Yezh SOV – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh SOV" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_SOV" title="Llengua SOV – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua SOV" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV-sprog" title="SOV-sprog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="SOV-sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjekt-Objekt-Verb" title="Subjekt-Objekt-Verb – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Subjekt-Objekt-Verb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujeto_objeto_verbo" title="Sujeto objeto verbo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sujeto objeto verbo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjekto_Objekto_Verbo" title="Subjekto Objekto Verbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subjekto Objekto Verbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%E2%80%93%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%84%E2%80%93%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84" title="نهاد–مفعول–فعل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نهاد–مفعول–فعل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_SOV" title="Langue SOV – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue SOV" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV%ED%98%95" title="SOV형 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SOV형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjek-objek-verba" title="Subjek-objek-verba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Subjek-objek-verba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soggetto_Oggetto_Verbo" title="Soggetto Oggetto Verbo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soggetto Oggetto Verbo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Подмет-предмет-прирок – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Подмет-предмет-прирок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84" title="فاعل-مفعول-فعل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فاعل-مفعول-فعل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV-volgorde" title="SOV-volgorde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SOV-volgorde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV%E5%9E%8B" title="SOV型 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SOV型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suggetto_Oggetto_Vierbo" title="Suggetto Oggetto Vierbo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Suggetto Oggetto Vierbo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV-spr%C3%A5k" title="SOV-språk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SOV-språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV-spr%C3%A5k" title="SOV-språk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SOV-språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_SOV" title="Lenga SOV – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lenga SOV" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84" title="فاعل-مفعول-فعل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فاعل-مفعول-فعل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV_(Subject_Object_Verb)" title="SOV (Subject Object Verb) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SOV (Subject Object Verb)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujeito-objeto-verbo" title="Sujeito-objeto-verbo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sujeito-objeto-verbo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_SOV" title="Limbă SOV – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă SOV" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV-kieli" title="SOV-kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SOV-kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjekt%E2%80%93objekt%E2%80%93verb-spr%C3%A5k" title="Subjekt–objekt–verb-språk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Subjekt–objekt–verb-språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zne-nesne-fiil" title="Özne-nesne-fiil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özne-nesne-fiil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV" title="SOV – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SOV" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7-t%C3%A2n-%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_(SOV)" title="Chủ-tân-động (SOV) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ-tân-động (SOV)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOV_%E5%9E%8B" title="SOV 型 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="SOV 型" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B3%93%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主賓動語序 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主賓動語序" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q539808#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&oldid=1258195135" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&id=1258195135&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSubject%25E2%2580%2593object%25E2%2580%2593verb_word_order"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSubject%25E2%2580%2593object%25E2%2580%2593verb_word_order"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q539808" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">Subject–object–verb</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order#Article_needs_more_nuanced_discussion_and_examples" title="Talk:Subject–object–verb word order">talk page</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Special:EditPage/Subject–object–verb word order">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order%22">"Subject–object–verb word order"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Feature of language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">Linguistic typology</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Morphological_typology" title="Morphological typology">Morphological</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">Analytic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isolating_language" title="Isolating language">Isolating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">Synthetic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusional_language" title="Fusional language">Fusional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">Agglutinative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysynthetic_language" title="Polysynthetic language">Polysynthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligosynthetic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligosynthetic language">Oligosynthetic</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)#Paradigms_and_morphosyntax" title="Morphology (linguistics)">Morphosyntactic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morphosyntactic_alignment" title="Morphosyntactic alignment">Alignment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93accusative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominative–accusative language">Nominative–accusative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marked_nominative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Marked nominative language">Marked nominative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergative–absolutive language">Ergative–absolutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_ergativity" title="Split ergativity">Split ergative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetrical_voice" title="Symmetrical voice">Symmetrical voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active%E2%80%93stative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Active–stative language">Active–stative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_alignment" title="Tripartite alignment">Tripartite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment" title="Nominative–absolutive alignment">Nominative–absolutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct%E2%80%93inverse_alignment" title="Direct–inverse alignment">Direct-inverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditransitive_verb#Ditransitive.2Fmonotransitive_alignment" title="Ditransitive verb">Ditransitive/Monotransitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secundative_language" title="Secundative language">Secundative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirective_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirective language">Indirective</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-marking_language" title="Zero-marking language">Zero-marking </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent-marking_language" title="Dependent-marking language">Dependent-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-marking_language" title="Double-marking language">Double-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-marking_language" title="Head-marking language">Head-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null-subject_language" title="Null-subject language">Null-subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntactic_pivot" title="Syntactic pivot">Syntactic pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_role" title="Theta role">Theta role</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">Word order</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–object word order">VO languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Subject–verb–object word order">Subject–verb–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–subject–object word order">Verb–subject–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Verb–object–subject word order">Verb–object–subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–verb word order">OV languages</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Subject–object–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–subject–verb word order">Object–subject–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–verb–subject word order">Object–verb–subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb-initial_word_order" title="Verb-initial word order">V1 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–subject word order">OS word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_word_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Free word order">Free word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time%E2%80%93manner%E2%80%93place" title="Time–manner–place">Time–manner–place</a></li> <li>Place–manner–time</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">Lexicon</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">Numerals</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Template:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Template talk:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">linguistic typology</a>, a <b>subject–object–verb</b> (<b>SOV</b>) language is one in which the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object_(grammar)" title="Object (grammar)">object</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> of a sentence always or usually appear in that order. If <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> were SOV, "Sam oranges ate" would be an ordinary sentence, as opposed to the actual <a href="/wiki/Standard_English" title="Standard English">Standard English</a> "Sam ate oranges" which is <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">subject–verb–object</a> (SVO). </p><p>The term is often loosely used for <a href="/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment" title="Ergative–absolutive alignment">ergative languages</a> like <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> that really have <a href="/wiki/Agent_(grammar)" title="Agent (grammar)">agents</a> instead of subjects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidence">Incidence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Incidence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order</th> <th>Example</th> <th colspan="2">Usage</th> <th>Languages </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SOV</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Sam oranges ate."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">45% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">45</span><div style="width:45px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abaza_language" title="Abaza language">Abaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burushaski_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Burushaski language">Burushaski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itelmen_language" title="Itelmen language">Itelmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Tibetan" title="Lhasa Tibetan">Lhasa Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nivkh_languages" title="Nivkh languages">Nivkh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_languages" title="Yukaghir languages">Yukaghir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Subject–verb–object word order">SVO</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Sam ate oranges."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">42% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">42</span><div style="width:42px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">modern spoken varieties</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Average_European" title="Standard Average European">Standard Average European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–subject–object word order">VSO</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Ate Sam oranges."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">9</span><div style="width:9px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">modern standard</a>), <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Verb–object–subject word order">VOS</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Ate oranges Sam."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">3</span><div style="width:3px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Car_language" title="Car language">Car</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chumashan_languages" title="Chumashan languages">Chumash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otomanguean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomanguean languages">Otomanguean languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCeqchi%CA%BC_language" title="Qʼeqchiʼ language">Qʼeqchiʼ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%AAna_language" title="Terêna language">Terêna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–verb–subject word order">OVS</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Oranges ate Sam."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">1</span><div style="width:1px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hixkaryana_language" title="Hixkaryana language">Hixkaryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urarina_language" title="Urarina language">Urarina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–subject–verb word order">OSV</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap">"Oranges Sam ate."</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;">0% </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><span style="font-size:small;">Frequency distribution of word order in languages surveyed by Russell S. Tomlin in the 1980s<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tomlin_1986_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomlin_1986-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="float:right;">(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_word_order_frequency" title="Template:Language word order frequency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Language_word_order_frequency" title="Template talk:Language word order frequency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Language_word_order_frequency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Language word order frequency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div>)</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Among <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural languages</a> with a word order preference, SOV is the most common type (followed by <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">subject–verb–object</a>; the two types account for more than 87% of natural languages with a preferred order).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Languages that have SOV structure include </p> <ul><li>most <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suret_language" title="Suret language">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beja_language" title="Beja language">Beja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilen_language" title="Bilen language">Bilen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saho_language" title="Saho language">Saho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidama_language" title="Sidama language">Sidama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duruwa_language" title="Duruwa language">Duruwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-Semitic_languages" title="Ethio-Semitic languages">Ethio-Semitic languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigre_language" title="Tigre language">Tigre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijoid_languages" title="Ijoid languages">Ijoid languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itelmen_language" title="Itelmen language">Itelmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Classical Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_language" title="Lakota language">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_languages" title="Nivkh languages">Nivkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobiin_language" title="Nobiin language">Nobiin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha%E2%80%93Ponca_language" title="Omaha–Ponca language">Omaha-Ponca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omotic_languages" title="Omotic languages">Omotic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_language" title="Seri language">Seri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a></li> <li>nearly all <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Tibetan" title="Lhasa Tibetan">Lhasa Tibetan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></li> <li>almost all <a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan_languages" title="Uto-Aztecan languages">Uto-Aztecan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_languages" title="Yukaghir languages">Yukaghir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li> <li>virtually all <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caucasus" title="Languages of the Caucasus">Caucasian languages</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> is generally <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">SVO</a> but common <a href="/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Complement_of_result" title="Chinese grammar">constructions with verbal complements</a> require SOV or OSV. Some <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> are SVO, but when the object is an <a href="/wiki/Enclitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclitic">enclitic</a> pronoun, word order allows for SOV (see the examples below). <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> are considered SVO in conventional typology and SOV in <a href="/wiki/Generative_grammar" title="Generative grammar">generative grammar</a>. They can be considered SOV but with <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a> as an overriding rule for the <a href="/wiki/Finite_verb" title="Finite verb">finite verb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Main_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Main clause">main clauses</a>, which results in SVO in some cases and SOV in others. For example, in German, a basic sentence such as "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ich sage etwas über Karl</i></span>" ("I say something about Karl") is in SVO word order. Non-finite verbs are placed at the end, however, since V2 only applies to the finite verb: "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ich will etwas über Karl sagen</i></span>" ("I want to say something about Karl"). In a <a href="/wiki/Subordinate_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Subordinate clause">subordinate clause</a>, the finite verb is not affected by V2, and also appears at the end of the sentence, resulting in full SOV order: "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ich sage, dass Karl einen Gürtel gekauft hat.</i></span>" (Word-for-word: "I say that Karl a belt bought has.") </p><p>A rare example of SOV word order in English is "I (subject) thee (object) wed (verb)" in the wedding vow "With this ring, I thee wed."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOV languages have a strong tendency to use <a href="/wiki/Postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Postposition">postpositions</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prepositions</a>, to place <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb">auxiliary verbs</a> after the action verb, to place <a href="/wiki/Genitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitive">genitive</a> noun phrases before the possessed noun, to place a name before a title or <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorific</a> ("James Uncle" and "Johnson Doctor" rather than "Uncle James" and "Doctor Johnson") and to have subordinators appear at the end of subordinate clauses. They have a weaker but significant tendency to place <a href="/wiki/Demonstrative" title="Demonstrative">demonstrative</a> adjectives before the nouns they modify. <a href="/wiki/Relative_clause" title="Relative clause">Relative clauses</a> preceding the nouns to which they refer usually signals SOV word order, but the reverse does not hold: SOV languages feature prenominal and postnominal relative clauses roughly equally. SOV languages also seem to exhibit a tendency towards using a <a href="/wiki/Time%E2%80%93manner%E2%80%93place" title="Time–manner–place">time–manner–place</a> ordering of <a href="/wiki/Adpositional_phrase" title="Adpositional phrase">adpositional phrases</a>. </p><p>In linguistic typology, one can usefully distinguish two types of SOV languages in terms of their type of marking: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Dependent-marking_language" title="Dependent-marking language">dependent-marking</a> has <a href="/wiki/Case_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Case (linguistics)">case</a> <a href="/wiki/Marker_(linguistics)" title="Marker (linguistics)">markers</a> to distinguish the subject and the object, which allows it to use the variant OSV word order without ambiguity. This type usually places <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">numerals</a> before the nouns they modify, and is exclusively suffixing without prefixes. SOV languages of this first type include <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-marking_language" title="Head-marking language">head-marking</a> distinguishes subject and object by <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a> on the verb rather than markers on the nouns. It also differs from the dependent-marking SOV language in using <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixes</a> as well as suffixes, usually for <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">tense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Possession_(linguistics)" title="Possession (linguistics)">possession</a>. Adjectives in this type are much more verb-like than in dependent-marking SOV languages, and hence they usually follow the nouns. In most SOV languages with a significant level of head-marking or verb-like adjectives, numerals and related quantifiers (like "all", "every") also follow the nouns they modify. Languages of this type include <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seri_language" title="Seri language">Seri</a>.</li></ol> <p>In practice, of course, the distinction between these two types is far from sharp. Many SOV languages are substantially <a href="/wiki/Double-marking_language" title="Double-marking language">double-marking</a> and tend to exhibit properties intermediate between the two idealised types above. </p><p>Many languages that have shifted to SVO word order from earlier SOV retain (at least to an extent) the properties: for example, the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> language (high usage of postpositions etc.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afroasiatic_languages">Afroasiatic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Afroasiatic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ethio-Semitic_languages" title="Ethio-Semitic languages">Ethio-Semitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omotic_languages" title="Omotic languages">Omotic languages</a> generally exhibit SOV order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amharic">Amharic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Amharic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ተስፋዬ በሩን ዘጋው።</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ተስፋዬ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Täsəfayē</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Tesfaye</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">በሩን</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bärun</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the door</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ዘጋው</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">zägaw</p><p style="margin: 0px;">closed</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ተስፋዬ በሩን ዘጋው</p><p style="display: none;">Täsəfayē bärun zägaw</p><p style="display: none;">Tesfaye {the door} closed</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Tesfaye closed the door.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oromo">Oromo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oromo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Ayyantu buna dhugti.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ayyantu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ayantu</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">buna</p><p style="margin: 0px;">coffee</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dhugti</p><p style="margin: 0px;">drinks</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ayyantu buna dhugti</p><p style="display: none;">Ayantu coffee drinks</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Ayantu drinks coffee.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Somali">Somali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Somali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> generally uses the subject–object–verb structure when speaking formally. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Anaa albaabka furay</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Anaa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">albaab(ka)</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(the) door</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">furay</p><p style="margin: 0px;">opened</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Anaa albaab(ka) furay</p><p style="display: none;">I {(the) door} opened</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I opened the door</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tigre">Tigre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tigre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ኑረዲን ኣስመራ ፈግራ።</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ኑረዲን</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nurädin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Nureddin</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ኣስመራ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ʼAsmära</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Asmara</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ፈግራ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">fägra</p><p style="margin: 0px;">he went up</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ኑረዲን ኣስመራ ፈግራ</p><p style="display: none;">Nurädin ʼAsmära fägra</p><p style="display: none;">Nureddin Asmara {he went up}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Nureddin went up to Asmara.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tigrinya">Tigrinya</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tigrinya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ዳኒኤል ኩዑሶ ቀሊዑ።</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ዳኒኤል</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Daniʼēl</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Daniel</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ኩዑሶ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kuʻuso</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ball</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ቀሊዑ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">qäliʻu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">he kicked</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ዳኒኤል ኩዑሶ ቀሊዑ</p><p style="display: none;">Daniʼēl kuʻuso qäliʻu</p><p style="display: none;">Daniel ball {he kicked}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Daniel kicked the ball.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basque">Basque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Basque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basque in short sentences, usually, subject or agent–object–<b>verb</b>; in long sentences, usually, subject or agent-<b>verb</b>-objects: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Enekok sagarra <b>ekarri du</b>.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Enekok</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Eneko (+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="ergative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ERG</abbr>)</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Agent</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sagarra</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ekarri</p><p style="margin: 0px;">brought (to bring)</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"><b>Verb</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">du</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="auxiliary verb" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">AUX</abbr> has</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">Enekok sagarra ekarri du</p><p style="display: none;">{Eneko (+ERG)} {the apple} {brought (to bring)} {AUX has}</p><p style="display: none;">Agent Object <b>Verb</b> {}</p><p style="clear: left;">Eneko has brought the apple</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Eneritzek <b>eskatu du</b> inork irakurri nahi ez zuen liburua</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Eneritzek</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Eneritz (+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="ergative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ERG</abbr>)</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Parts</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eskatu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">asked for</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Agent</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">du</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="auxiliary verb" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">AUX</abbr> has</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"><b>Verb</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+ + +</p><p style="margin: 0px;">+ + +</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Objects</p></div><p style="display: none;">Eneritzek eskatu du {+ + +}</p><p style="display: none;">{Eneritz (+ERG)} {asked for} {AUX has} {+ + +}</p><p style="display: none;">Parts Agent <b>Verb</b> Objects</p><p style="clear: left;">Eneritz requested the book nobody wanted to read</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dravidian_languages">Dravidian languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dravidian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dravidian languages commonly exhibit or prefer SOV order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kannada">Kannada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kannada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ನಾನು ಮನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಿದೆನು.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ನಾನು</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Naanu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ಮನೆ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mane</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the house</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ಕಟ್ಟಿದೆನು</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kaTTidenu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">built</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ನಾನು ಮನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಿದೆನು</p><p style="display: none;">Naanu mane kaTTidenu</p><p style="display: none;">I {the house} built</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I built the house.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malayalam">Malayalam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Malayalam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ഞാൻ പുസ്തകം എടുത്തു.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ഞാൻ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ñān</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">പുസ്തകം</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pustakam̥</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(the) book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">എ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">(-e)</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">എടുത്തു</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eṭuttu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">took</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ഞാൻ പുസ്തകം എ എടുത്തു</p><p style="display: none;">ñān pustakam̥ (-e) eṭuttu</p><p style="display: none;">I {(the) book} ACC took</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object {} Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I took the book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <ul><li>Pustakam̥ + -e = pustakatte (പുസ്തകത്തെ)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tamil">Tamil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tamil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tamil being a strongly head-final language, the basic word-order is SOV. However, since it is highly inflected, word order is flexible and is used for pragmatic purposes. That is, fronting a word in a sentence adds emphasis on it; for instance, a VSO order would indicate greater emphasis on the verb, the action, than on the subject or the object. However, such word-orders are highly marked, and the basic order remains SOV. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>நான் பெட்டியை திறப்பேன்.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">நான்</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nān</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="nominative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NOM</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">பெட்டியைத்</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">peṭṭi-yai</p><p style="margin: 0px;">box-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">திறப்பேன்.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tiṟa-pp-ēn.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">open-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="future tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FUT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">நான் பெட்டியைத் திறப்பேன்.</p><p style="display: none;">Nān peṭṭi-yai tiṟa-pp-ēn.</p><p style="display: none;">I-NOM box-ACC open-FUT-1SG</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I will open the box.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Telugu">Telugu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Telugu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>నేను ఇంటికి వెళ్తున్నాను.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">నేను</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nēnu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="nominative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NOM</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ఇంటికి</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">iṇṭi-ki</p><p style="margin: 0px;">home-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="dative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DAT</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">వెళ్తున్నాను</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">veḷ-tunnā-nu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="present tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">నేను ఇంటికి వెళ్తున్నాను</p><p style="display: none;">Nēnu iṇṭi-ki veḷ-tunnā-nu</p><p style="display: none;">{I-NOM} {home-DAT} {go-PRES-1SG}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I am going home.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgian">Georgian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Georgian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Georgian language is not extremely rigid with regards to word order, but is typically either SOV or SVO. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>მე ლექსი დავწერე.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">მე</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ლექსი</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">leksi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">poem</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">დავწერე.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">davc'ere</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[I]wrote</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">მე ლექსი დავწერე.</p><p style="display: none;">me leksi davc'ere</p><p style="display: none;">I poem {[I]wrote}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I wrote (a) poem.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-European_languages">Indo-European languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indo-European languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOV word order is quite common among <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>, leading to a common hypothesis that this reflects the original preferred word order of the ancestral <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European language</a>. However, the question remains unsettled. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Albanian">Albanian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Albanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> has free word order, but generally prefers SVO. SOV occurs only in poetic language. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Agimi librin e mori.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Agimi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Agimi</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">librin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">e mori</p><p style="margin: 0px;">took</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Agimi librin {e mori}</p><p style="display: none;">Agimi {the book} took</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Agimi took the book. (It was Agimi who took the book)</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armenian">Armenian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Armenian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> generally prefers SOV. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Իմ անունը Շուշանիկ է։</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Իմ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Im</p><p style="margin: 0px;">my</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">անունը</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">anunə</p><p style="margin: 0px;">name</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Շուշանիկ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Šušanik</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Shushanik</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">է</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ē</p><p style="margin: 0px;">is</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Իմ անունը Շուշանիկ է</p><p style="display: none;">Im anunə Šušanik ē</p><p style="display: none;">my name Shushanik is</p><p style="display: none;">{} Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">My name is Shushanik.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germanic_languages">Germanic languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Germanic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linguistic consensus holds that the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a> had free word order but preferred SOV. While some Germanic languages (including <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and most <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a>) have transitioned to SVO, SOV remains a feature of some major modern <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>. However, these modern SOV Germanic languages also exhibit <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a>, which supersedes the "default" SOV such that many sentences are rendered subject-verb-object. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Dutch">Dutch</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Dutch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> is SOV combined with <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a>. The non-finite verb (infinitive or participle) remains in final position, but the finite (i.e. inflected) verb is moved to the second position. Simple verbs look like <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">SVO</a>, non-finite verbs (participles, infinitives) and compound verbs follow this pattern: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Ik wil je helpen.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ik</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;">subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">wil</p><p style="margin: 0px;">want to</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="finite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FIN</abbr>.verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">je</p><p style="margin: 0px;">you</p><p style="margin: 0px;">object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">helpen</p><p style="margin: 0px;">help</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-finite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NFIN</abbr>.verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ik wil je helpen</p><p style="display: none;">I {want to} you help</p><p style="display: none;">subject FIN.verb object NFIN.verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I want to help you.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Pure SOV order is found in subordinate clauses: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Ik zei dat ik je wil helpen.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ik</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;">subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">zei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">said</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="finite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FIN</abbr>.verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dat</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subordinator" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SUBORD</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="conjunction" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CONJ</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ik</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;">subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">je</p><p style="margin: 0px;">you</p><p style="margin: 0px;">object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">wil</p><p style="margin: 0px;">want</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="finite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FIN</abbr>.verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">helpen</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to help</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-finite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NFIN</abbr>.verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ik zei dat ik je wil helpen</p><p style="display: none;">I said that I you want {to help}</p><p style="display: none;">subject FIN.verb SUBORD.CONJ subject object FIN.verb NFIN.verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I said that I want to help you.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="German">German</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> is SOV combined with <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a>. The non-finite verb (infinitive or participle) remains in final position, but the finite (i.e. inflected) verb is moved to the second position. Simple verbs look like <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">SVO</a>, compound verbs follow this pattern: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Er hat einen Apfel gegessen.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Er</p><p style="margin: 0px;">He</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hat</p><p style="margin: 0px;">has</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Auxiliary</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">einen</p><p style="margin: 0px;">an</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Apfel</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gegessen.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eaten.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Er hat einen Apfel gegessen.</p><p style="display: none;">He has an apple eaten.</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Auxiliary {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">He has eaten an apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The word order changes also depending on whether the phrase is a <a href="/wiki/Main_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Main clause">main clause</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Dependent_clause" title="Dependent clause">dependent clause</a>. In dependent clauses, the word order is always entirely SOV (cf. also <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(linguistics)" title="Inversion (linguistics)">Inversion</a>): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Weil Horst einen Apfel gegessen hat.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Weil</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Because</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Conjunction</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Horst</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Horst</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">einen</p><p style="margin: 0px;">an</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Apfel</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gegessen</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eaten</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hat.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">has.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Auxiliary</p></div><p style="display: none;">Weil Horst einen Apfel gegessen hat.</p><p style="display: none;">Because Horst an apple eaten has.</p><p style="display: none;">Conjunction Subject {} Object Verb Auxiliary</p><p style="clear: left;">Because Horst has eaten an apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Gothic">Gothic</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gothic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic language</a>, an extinct <a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" title="East Germanic languages">East Germanic</a> language, had free word order, but SOV constructions were common. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌸.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Guma</p><p style="margin: 0px;">man</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">qinon</p><p style="margin: 0px;">woman</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌸.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">frijoþ.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">loves.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌸.</p><p style="display: none;">Guma qinon frijoþ.</p><p style="display: none;">man woman loves.</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The man loves the woman.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greek_(Classical)"><span id="Greek_.28Classical.29"></span>Greek (Classical)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Greek (Classical)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ancient Greek had free word order but generally preferred SOV sentences: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ὁ ἀνὴρ τὸν παĩδα φιλεῖ.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ὁ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ho</p><p style="margin: 0px;">The</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ανήρ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">anḗr</p><p style="margin: 0px;">man</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">τὸν</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tòn</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">παĩδα</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">paîda</p><p style="margin: 0px;">child</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">φιλεῖ.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">phileî</p><p style="margin: 0px;">loves.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ὁ ανήρ τὸν παĩδα φιλεῖ.</p><p style="display: none;">ho anḗr tòn paîda phileî</p><p style="display: none;">The man the child loves.</p><p style="display: none;">{} Subject {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The man loves the child.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>This is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>, where SVO is preferred. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indo-Aryan_languages">Indo-Aryan languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Indo-Aryan languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic Sanskrit</a>, the oldest known of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a>, was an inflected language and very flexible in word order, allowing all possible word combinations. Its descendant, Classical <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, shared this feature but generally preferred SOV sentences. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><a href="/wiki/Tat_tvam_asi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tat tvam asi">तत्त्वमसि</a></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">तत्त्</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tát</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">(त्)वम</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">t(ú)vam</p><p style="margin: 0px;">you</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">सि</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ási</p><p style="margin: 0px;">are</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">तत्त् (त्)वम सि</p><p style="display: none;">tát t(ú)vam ási</p><p style="display: none;">that you are</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">That you are.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Most later Indo-Aryan languages continue to prefer SOV word order, for example: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>আমি ভাত খাই</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">আমি</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ami</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ami</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subject" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SUBJ</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ভাত</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bʰat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bhat</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rice.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="object(ive)" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">খাই</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kʰai</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">khai</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="present tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">আমি ভাত খাই</p><p style="display: none;">ami bʰat kʰai</p><p style="display: none;">ami bhat khai</p><p style="display: none;">I.SUBJ rice.OBJ eat.PRES</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat rice.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Moi hugre'mre' khasei.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Moi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hugre'm</p><p style="margin: 0px;">guava</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">re'</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sei.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PAST</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="indicative mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">IND</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Moi hugre'm re' kha sei.</p><p style="display: none;">I guava ACC eat PAST.IND</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} Object {} Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I ate the guava.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><i>re</i> is a particle that indicates the accusative case and 'sei' indicates past tense declarative. Here, <i>e</i> is pronounced as the 'i' in 'g<b>i</b>rl' and 'ei' is pronounced as the 'ay' in 's<b>ay'</b>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>मैं सेब खाता हूँ।</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">मैं</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">main</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">सेब</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">seb</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">खाता हूँ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">khaataa hun</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="simple present" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="masculine gender" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">M</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">मैं सेब {खाता हूँ}</p><p style="display: none;">main seb {khaataa hun}</p><p style="display: none;">I apple eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="simple present" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr>.M</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat apples.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>तो बियाणे पेरतो.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">तो</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Tō</p><p style="margin: 0px;">he</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">बियाणे</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">biyāṇē</p><p style="margin: 0px;">seeds</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">पेरतो</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pēratō</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sows</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">तो बियाणे पेरतो</p><p style="display: none;">Tō biyāṇē pēratō</p><p style="display: none;">he seeds sows</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">He sows seeds.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>म किताब पढ्छु ।</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">म</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ma</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">किताब</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kitāb</p><p style="margin: 0px;">book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">पढ्छु</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">paḍhchhu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">read.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="simple present" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">म किताब पढ्छु</p><p style="display: none;">ma kitāb paḍhchhu</p><p style="display: none;">I book read.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="simple present" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr></p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I read a book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ମୁଁ ଏକ ସେଓ ଖାଏ ।</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ମୁଁ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mun</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ଏକ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eka</p><p style="margin: 0px;">an</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ସେଓ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">seo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ଖାଏ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">khaae</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="simple present" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="masculine gender" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">M</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ମୁଁ ଏକ ସେଓ {ଖାଏ}</p><p style="display: none;">mun eka seo {khaae}</p><p style="display: none;">I an apple eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="simple present" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr>.M</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat an apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">میں نے اسے دیکھا۔</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">میں</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">main</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نے</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ne</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="ergative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ERG</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اسے</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">use</p><p style="margin: 0px;">him/her</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دیکھا</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dekha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">saw</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">میں</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نے</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اسے</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دیکھا</span></p><p style="display: none;">main ne use dekha</p><p style="display: none;">I ERG him/her saw</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I saw him/her.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>This preference is not fixed in all Indo-Aryan languages. Punjabi, for instance, may be characterised as following a Subject—Object—Verb typology overall, but some flexibility is permitted, and this tendency does not follow in sentences involving personal pronouns. Examples are shown here in both <a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a> (top, right-to-left) and <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> (bottom, left-to-right). The word forms used reflect those typical of spoken language. For Shahmukhi, vocalised forms with vowel diacritics have been used to explicitly indicate the forms used; in typical writing these are omitted in most words where regular patterns allow this information to be inferred contextually. </p><p>The following sentence exhibits the typical SOV word order tendency. The verb phrase is in retrospective perfect participle form, indicating completion of the action, and takes on the feminine plural suffixes in agreement with the gender and number of the object. The subject here is a masculine plural form; in this context it does not require agreement from the verb. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چاچے جپھّیاں دِتِّیاں گِیاں۔</span> / ਚਾਚੇ ਜੱਫੀਆਂ ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਗੀਆਂ।</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چاچے</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਚਾਚੇ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">cāce</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Paternal uncles</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چپھّیاں</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਜੱਫੀਆਂ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">japphīā̃</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">hugs</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دِتِّیاں گِیاں</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਗੀਆਂ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">dittīā̃ gīā̃</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">given gone</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Verb Phrase</p></div><p style="display: none;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چاچے</span> <span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چپھّیاں</span> <span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دِتِّیاں گِیاں</span></p><p style="display: none;">ਚਾਚੇ ਜੱਫੀਆਂ {ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਗੀਆਂ}</p><p style="display: none;">cāce japphīā̃ {dittīā̃ gīā̃}</p><p style="display: none;">{Paternal uncles} hugs {given gone}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object {Verb Phrase}</p><p style="clear: left;">The paternal uncles have given hugs.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>By contrast, in the following sentence the person involved, referred to by a first-person pronoun, is the object rather than the subject. The significance of people as a semantic category takes precedent over the SOV word order tendency, and the person is typically first even in sentences where that person is the object. The pronoun "mainū̃" has the postposition "nū̃" agglutinated to it, approximately meaning "to." Abstract concepts like desires and emotions typically come "to" people as agentive subjects. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مینُوں سیب چاہِیدا اے۔</span> / ਮੈਨੂੰ ਸੇਬ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਏ।</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مینُوں</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਮੈਨੂੰ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">mainū̃</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Me-to</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سیب</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਸੇਬ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">seb</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چاہِیدا</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਚਾਹੀਦਾ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">cāhīda</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">desiring</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اے</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;">ਏ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ae</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">exists</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Copula</p></div><p style="display: none;"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مینُوں</span> <span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سیب</span> <span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چاہِیدا</span> <span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اے</span></p><p style="display: none;">ਮੈਨੂੰ ਸੇਬ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਏ</p><p style="display: none;">mainū̃ seb {cāhīda} ae</p><p style="display: none;">Me-to {apple} desiring exists</p><p style="display: none;">Object Subject Verb Copula</p><p style="clear: left;">I want an apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Copula_(linguistics)" title="Copula (linguistics)">copula</a> in Punjabi is extraverbal in function. While it can constitute the predicate of a sentence on its own, it does not enter the verb phrase when used alongside a full lexical verb. Instead, it acts as a marker of existence remote to or near to the situation. Some western dialects such as Pothohari have forms of the copula to indicate occurrence of a situation in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-bhardwaj_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhardwaj-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, some Indo-Aryan languages exhibit <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a> in combination with SOV, most prominently <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>. The non-finite verb (infinitive or participle) remains in final position, but the finite (i.e. inflected) part of the verb appears in second position. Simple verbs look like <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">SVO</a>, whereas auxiliated verbs are discontinuous and adhere to this pattern: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>کور چہے ثونٹہ کہیوان</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">کور</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kuur</p><p style="margin: 0px;">girl</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">چہے</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">chhi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">is</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Auxiliary</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ثونٹہ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tsũũţh</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apples</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">کہیوان</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">khyevaan</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eating</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">کور چہے ثونٹہ کہیوان</p><p style="display: none;">kuur chhi tsũũţh khyevaan</p><p style="display: none;">girl is apples eating</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Auxiliary Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The girl is eating apples.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Given that Kashmiri is a <a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 language</a>, if the word <i>tsũũţh</i> 'apple' comes first then the subject <i>kuur</i> 'girl' must follow the auxiliary <i>chhi</i> 'is': <i>tsũũţh chhi kuur khyevaan</i> [Lit. "Apples is girl eating."] </p><p>Also, the word order changes depending on whether the phrase is in a <a href="/wiki/Main_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Main clause">main clause</a> or in certain kinds of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_clause" title="Dependent clause">dependent clause</a>. For instance, in <b><a href="/wiki/Relative_clauses" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative clauses">relative clauses</a></b>, the word order is SOVAux: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Main clause + Subordinate Clause </th> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:left">میے ان سوہ کور <b>یوس ثونٹہ کہیوان چہے </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transcription </th> <td>=></td> <td>mye</td> <td>eny</td> <td>swa kuur</td> <td>=></td> <td><b>ywas</b></td> <td><b>tsũũţh</b></td> <td><b>khyevaan</b></td> <td><b>chhi</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gloss </th> <td>=></td> <td>I</td> <td>brought</td> <td>that girl</td> <td>=></td> <td>who</td> <td>apples</td> <td>eating</td> <td>is </td></tr> <tr> <th>Parts </th> <td>Main clause =></td> <td>Subject</td> <td>Verb</td> <td>Object</td> <td>Relative clause =></td> <td>Subject</td> <td>Object</td> <td>Verb</td> <td>Auxiliary </td></tr> <tr> <th>Translation </th> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:left">I brought the girl <b>who is eating apples</b>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iranian_languages">Iranian languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Iranian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a> almost uniformly exhibit SOV word order: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a>): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Ez xwarin dixwim.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ez</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">xwarin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">food</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dixwim</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ez xwarin dixwim</p><p style="display: none;">I food eat</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat food.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Kurdish (<a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a>): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>.من خواردن دەخۆم</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">من</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">خواردن</p><p style="margin: 0px;">food</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">دەخۆم</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">من خواردن دەخۆم</p><p style="display: none;">I food eat</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat food.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Ossetian: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Алан чиныг кæсы.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Алан</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Alan</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Alan</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">чиныг</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">činyg</p><p style="margin: 0px;">book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">кæсы</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kæsy</p><p style="margin: 0px;">reads</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Алан чиныг кæсы</p><p style="display: none;">Alan činyg kæsy</p><p style="display: none;">Alan book reads</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Alan reads a book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Pashto: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">زۀ کار کوم.</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">زۀ</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Zə</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کار</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kaar</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کوم</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kawəm</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">زۀ</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کار</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کوم</span></p><p style="display: none;">Zə kaar kawəm</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I do the work.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Persian: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">من سیب می‌خورم.</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">من</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">man</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سیب</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sib</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">می‌خورم</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mikhoram</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="present tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">من</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سیب</span> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">می‌خورم</span></p><p style="display: none;">man sib mikhoram</p><p style="display: none;">I apple eat.1.PRES</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I am eating an apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Talysh: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Merd kitob handedə.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Merd</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Man</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kitob</p><p style="margin: 0px;">book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">handedə</p><p style="margin: 0px;">reading</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Merd kitob handedə</p><p style="display: none;">Man book reading</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The man is reading a book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The Zaza language usually uses a subject–object-verb structure,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it sometimes uses subject-verb-object too. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>O ey kırışeno.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">O</p><p style="margin: 0px;">He</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ey</p><p style="margin: 0px;">it</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kırışeno</p><p style="margin: 0px;">carries</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">O ey kırışeno</p><p style="display: none;">He it carries</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">He carries it.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italic_languages">Italic languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Italic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Latin">Latin</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_word_order" title="Latin word order">Latin word order</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> was an <a href="/wiki/Inflected_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflected language">inflected language</a> and had a very flexible word order and sentence structure, but the most usual word order in formal prose was SOV. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Servus puellam amat</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Servus</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Slave.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="nominative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NOM</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">puellam</p><p style="margin: 0px;">girl.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">amat</p><p style="margin: 0px;">loves</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Servus puellam amat</p><p style="display: none;">Slave.NOM girl.ACC loves</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The slave loves the girl.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Again, there are multiple valid translations (such as "a slave") that do not affect the overall analysis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Romance_languages">Romance languages</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Romance languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although their common ancestor Latin had free word order and preferred SOV, the modern <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> lost the <a href="/wiki/Latin_declension" title="Latin declension">Latin declension</a> that enabled free word order and in general require subject-verb-object structures. However, remnants of SOV remain, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Clitic" title="Clitic">clitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Object_pronoun" title="Object pronoun">object pronouns</a> common in Romance grammar. For instance, in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Nous les avons.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nous</p><p style="margin: 0px;">We</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">les-avons.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">them/those-have</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object-Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Nous les-avons.</p><p style="display: none;">We them/those-have</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object-Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">We have those/them</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>And <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><i>Todos aqui te amam.</i></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Todos</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Everybody</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">aqui</p><p style="margin: 0px;">here</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">te</p><p style="margin: 0px;">you.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proclitic" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRCL</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">amam</p><p style="margin: 0px;">love</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Todos aqui te amam</p><p style="display: none;">Everybody here you.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proclitic" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRCL</abbr> love</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Everybody here loves you.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><i>Aquilo me entristeceu.</i></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Aquilo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">It/that</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me</p><p style="margin: 0px;">me.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proclitic" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRCL</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">entristeceu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">saddened</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Aquilo me entristeceu</p><p style="display: none;">It/that me.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="proclitic" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRCL</abbr> saddened</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">It saddened me.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>And in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Yo lo como</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Yo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">lo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">it</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">como</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Yo lo como</p><p style="display: none;">I it eat</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat it</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Contrast this with the SVO structure of a sentence with an explicit object (again in Spanish): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Yo como tortillas</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Yo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">como</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tortillas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tortillas</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><p style="display: none;">Yo como tortillas</p><p style="display: none;">I eat tortillas</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Verb Object</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat tortillas</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The SOV tendency can also be seen when using <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb">auxiliary verbs</a>, e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Io lo sto mangiando</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Io</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">lo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">it</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sto</p><p style="margin: 0px;">am</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Auxiliary</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mangiando</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eating</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Io lo sto mangiando</p><p style="display: none;">I it am eating</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Auxiliary Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I am eating it</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>SOV also appears in Portuguese using a temporal adverb, optionally with the negative: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><i>Nós já [não] os temos.</i></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nós</p><p style="margin: 0px;">We</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">já</p><p style="margin: 0px;">already</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[não]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[not]</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">os</p><p style="margin: 0px;">them.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="masculine gender" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MASC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">temos</p><p style="margin: 0px;">have</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Nós já [não] os temos</p><p style="display: none;">We already [not] them.MASC have</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">(Positive) We already have them. <br /> (Negative) We do not have them anymore.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><i>Nós ainda [não] os temos.</i></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nós</p><p style="margin: 0px;">We</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ainda</p><p style="margin: 0px;">still</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[não]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">[not]</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">os</p><p style="margin: 0px;">them.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="masculine gender" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MASC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">temos</p><p style="margin: 0px;">have</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Nós ainda [não] os temos</p><p style="display: none;">We still [not] them.MASC have</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">(Positive) We still have them. <br /> (Negative) We do not have them yet.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>And in a suffix construction for the <a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">future</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conditional_tense" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditional tense">conditional</a> tenses: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><i>Eu fá-lo-ei amanhã.</i></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Eu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">fá-lo-ei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">do-it-will</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">amanhã</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tomorrow</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Eu fá-lo-ei amanhã</p><p style="display: none;">I do-it-will tomorrow</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I will do it tomorrow.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>SVO form: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Eu hei-de fazê-lo amanhã</i></span> or <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">eu farei o mesmo amanhã</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese">Japanese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic principle in Japanese word order is that modifiers come before what they modify. For example, in the sentence "<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">こんな夢を見た。</span></span>" (<i>Konna yume o mita</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the direct object "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:こんな">こんな</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%86%E3%82%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:ゆめ">夢</a>" (<i>this sort of dream</i>) modifies the verb "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:見る">見た</a>" (<i>saw</i>, or in this case <i>had</i>). Beyond this, the order of the elements in a sentence is relatively free. However, because the topic/subject is typically found in sentence-initial position and the verb is typically in sentence-final position, Japanese is considered an SOV language.<sup id="cite_ref-makinotsutsui1986_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-makinotsutsui1986-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ジョンは台所で本を読みました。</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-futagi2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-futagi2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ジョン</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Jon</p><p style="margin: 0px;">John</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">は</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">wa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="topic" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TOP</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">台所</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">daidokoro</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kitchen</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">で</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">de</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="locative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LOC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">本</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hon</p><p style="margin: 0px;">book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">を</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">o</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">読み</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yomi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">read</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ました。</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashita</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PAST</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ジョン</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">は</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">台所</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">で</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">本</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">を</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">読み</span></span> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ました。</span></span></p><p style="display: none;">Jon wa daidokoro de hon o yomi mashita</p><p style="display: none;">John TOP kitchen LOC book ACC read PAST</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} {} {} Object {} Verb {}</p><p style="clear: left;">John read a book in the kitchen.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>A closely related quality of the language is that it is broadly <a href="/wiki/Head-final" class="mw-redirect" title="Head-final">head-final</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean">Korean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Korean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">내가 상자를 연다.</span></span></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">내</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">가</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nae-ga</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subject" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SBJ</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">상자</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">를</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sangja-reul</p><p style="margin: 0px;">box-<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="object" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">열</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㄴ</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">다.</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yeonda.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">open-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="present tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="indicative mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">IND</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">내</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">가</span></span> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">상자</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">를</span></span> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">열</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㄴ</span></span>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">다.</span></span></p><p style="display: none;">Nae-ga sangja-reul yeonda.</p><p style="display: none;">I-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subject" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SBJ</abbr> box-<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="object" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr> open-PRES-IND</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I open the box.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">가</span></span>/–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">이</span></span> <i>-ga/-i</i> is a particle that indicates the subject. –<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">를</span></span>/–<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">을</span></span> <i>-(r)eul</i> is a particle that indicates the object. <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">나</span></span> <i>na</i> "<a href="/wiki/I_(pronoun)" title="I (pronoun)">I</a>" is changed to <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">내</span></span>– <i>nae-</i> before –<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">가</span></span> <i>-ga</i>, and the verb stem <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">열</span></span>– <i>yeol-</i> is changed to <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">여</span></span>– <i>yeo-</i> before –<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㄴ다</span></span> <i>-nda</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolian">Mongolian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Mongolian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠣᠮ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠ</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Би ном уншив.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Би</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Bi</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ном</p><p style="margin: 0px;">nom</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">a book</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">уншив</p><p style="margin: 0px;">unshiv</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">read</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">{Би ном уншив.} {} {}</p><p style="display: none;">Би ном уншив</p><p style="display: none;">Bi nom unshiv</p><p style="display: none;">I {a book} read</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I read a book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quechua">Quechua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Quechua"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quechuan languages have standard SOV word order. The following example is from Bolivian Quechua. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Ñuqaqa papata mikhurqani.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ñuqa-qa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="topic" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TOP</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">papa-ta</p><p style="margin: 0px;">potato-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mikhu-rqa-ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PAST</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ñuqa-qa papa-ta mikhu-rqa-ni</p><p style="display: none;">I-TOP potato-ACC eat-PAST-1SG</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I ate potatoes.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sino-Tibetan_languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sino-Tibetan languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOV is believed to have been the "default" order of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">protolanguage</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan family</a>. Most Sino-Tibetan languages exhibit SOV order; however, the largest sub-branch of the family, the Sinitic or Chinese languages, are uniformly SVO, with some SOV-derived features. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burmese">Burmese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Burmese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">analytic language</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ငါကရေသန့်ဘူးကိုဖွင့်တယ်။</span></span></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ငါ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ŋà</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nga</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">က</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ɡa̰</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ga.</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subject" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SUBJ</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ရေသန့်ဘူး</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">seʔkù bú</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">se'ku bu:</p><p style="margin: 0px;">water bottle</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ကို</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ɡò</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gou</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="object(ive)" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ဖွင့်</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pʰwìɴ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hpwin.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">open</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">တယ်</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dè</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">de</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="present tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">ငါ က ရေသန့်ဘူး ကို ဖွင့် တယ်</p><p style="display: none;">ŋà ɡa̰ {seʔkù bú} ɡò pʰwìɴ dè</p><p style="display: none;">nga ga. {se'ku bu:} gou hpwin. de</p><p style="display: none;">I SUBJ {water bottle} OBJ open PRES</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} Object {} Verb {}</p><p style="clear: left;">I open the water bottle.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese">Chinese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Chinese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally, <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese varieties</a> all feature SVO word order. However, especially in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a>, SOV is tolerated as well. There is even a special particle <a href="/wiki/B%C7%8E_construction" title="Bǎ construction">把 (bǎ)</a> used to form an SOV sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following example that uses 把 is controversially labelled as SOV. 把 may be interpreted as a verb, meaning "to hold". However, it does not mean to hold something literally or physically. Rather, the object is held figuratively, and then another verb is acted on the object.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>SOV structure is widely used in railway contact in order to clarify the objective of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>我把蘋果吃了.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">我</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Wǒ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">把</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bǎ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sign for moving object before the verb</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Sign</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">蘋果</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">píngguǒ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">吃了.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">chīle.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ate</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">我把蘋果吃了.</p><p style="display: none;">Wǒ bǎ píngguǒ chīle.</p><p style="display: none;">I {sign for moving object before the verb} apple ate</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Sign Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I ate the apple. (The apple we were talking about earlier)</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meitei">Meitei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Meitei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ꯑꯩ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯁꯥꯅꯩ꯫</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ꯑꯩ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">football</p><p style="margin: 0px;">football</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ꯁꯥꯅꯩ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sanei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">play</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ꯑꯩ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯁꯥꯅꯩ</p><p style="display: none;">Ei football sanei</p><p style="display: none;">I football play</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I play football.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yi">Yi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Yi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>ꉢꌧꅪꋠ.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ꉢ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nga</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ꌧꅪ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">syp-hni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(an) apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ꋠ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">zze.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">(to) eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">ꉢ ꌧꅪ ꋠ</p><p style="display: none;">nga syp-hni zze.</p><p style="display: none;">I {(an) apple} {(to) eat}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat an apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tungusic_languages">Tungusic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Tungusic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic languages</a> exhibit SOV word order by default. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evenki">Evenki</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Evenki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Бэе бэеткэнмэ ичэрэн.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Бэе</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Beje</p><p style="margin: 0px;">man</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">бэеткэнмэ</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bejetkenme</p><p style="margin: 0px;">boy-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">ичэрэн.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ičeren</p><p style="margin: 0px;">see-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-future tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NFUT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Бэе бэеткэнмэ ичэрэн.</p><p style="display: none;">Beje bejetkenme ičeren</p><p style="display: none;">man boy-ACC see-NFUT-3SG</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The man saw the boy.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manchu">Manchu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Manchu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sentence </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡳ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ ᠪᡝ ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gloss </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="mnc" style="margin: 0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡳ</span></p><p lang="mnc-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="mnc" style="margin: 0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡠᡩᠠ</span></p><p lang="mnc-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">buda</p><p style="margin: 0px;">meal</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="mnc" style="margin: 0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡝ</span></p><p lang="mnc-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">be</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="mnc" style="margin: 0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ</span></p><p lang="mnc-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jembi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡳ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡠᡩᠠ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᡝ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ</span></p><p style="display: none;">bi buda be jembi</p><p style="display: none;">I meal ACC eat</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object {} Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I eat a meal.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkic_languages">Turkic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Turkic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a> all exhibit flexibility in word order, so any order is possible. However, the SOV order is the "default" one that does not connote particular emphasis on any part of the sentence; alternate orders are possible, but are used for emphasis. For instance, in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, the following is the "default" way of saying "Murat ate the apple": </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Murat elmayı yedi.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Murat</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Murat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">elmayı</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yedi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ate</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Murat elmayı yedi</p><p style="display: none;">Murat apple ate</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Murat ate the apple.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>However, this sentence could also be constructed as OSV (<i>Elmayı Murat yedi.</i>), OVS (<i>Elmayı yedi Murat.</i>), VSO (<i>Yedi Murat elmayı.</i>), VOS (<i>Yedi elmayı Murat.</i>), or SVO (<i>Murat yedi elmayı.</i>), to indicate the relative importance of the subject, object, or the verb. </p><p>Similarly, in <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> this SOV sentence is neutral: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Anvar Xivaga ketdi.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Anvar</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Anvar.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="nominative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NOM</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Xiva<b>ga</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">to Khiva.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="dative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DAT</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ketdi.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">went</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Anvar Xiva<b>ga</b> ketdi.</p><p style="display: none;">Anvar.NOM {to Khiva.DAT} went</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Anvar went to Khiva.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>(The marker "ga" is a dative case marker for the object that precedes it.) </p><p>But the sentence can be changed into OSV as well ("Xivaga Anvar ketdi") to change the emphasis ("It was Anvar who went to Khiva"). </p><p>The same holds in <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, where the below is neutral: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Дастан кітап оқыды.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Дастан</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Dastan</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Dastan</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">кітап</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kitap</p><p style="margin: 0px;">a book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">оқыды</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">oqıdı</p><p style="margin: 0px;">read</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Дастан кітап оқыды</p><p style="display: none;">Dastan kitap oqıdı</p><p style="display: none;">Dastan {a book} read</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Dastan read a book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>But an OSV sentence (кітапты Дастан оқыды; <i>it was Dastan who read the book</i>) can be used to change the emphasis. </p><p>Other examples of SOV sentences in Turkic: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Ümid ağac əkəcək.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ümid</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Umid</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ağac</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tree</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">əkəcək</p><p style="margin: 0px;">will plant</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ümid ağac əkəcək</p><p style="display: none;">Umid tree {will plant}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Umid will plant a tree.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Биз алма жедик</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Биз</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Biz</p><p style="margin: 0px;">We</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">алма</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">alma</p><p style="margin: 0px;">apple</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">жедик</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jedik</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ate</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Биз алма жедик</p><p style="display: none;">Biz alma jedik</p><p style="display: none;">We apple ate</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">We ate an apple</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uralic_languages">Uralic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Uralic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "idealized" profile of the <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic languages</a> has subject-verb-object word order. However, some Uralic languages, including the most widely spoken (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>) prefer SOV. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_language" title="Proto-Uralic language">protolanguage</a> of the Uralic language family is understood to have exhibited SOV order.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hungarian">Hungarian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Hungarian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> word order is free, although the meaning slightly changes. Almost all permutations of the following sample are valid, but with stress on different parts of the meaning. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Pista kenyeret szeletel.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Pista</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Pista</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kenyeret</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bread</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">szeletel</p><p style="margin: 0px;">slices</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Pista kenyeret szeletel</p><p style="display: none;">Pista bread slices</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Pista slices bread.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Udmurt">Udmurt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Udmurt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Мoн книгa лыӟӥcькo.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Мoн</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Mon</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">книгa</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kńiga</p><p style="margin: 0px;">a book</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">лыӟӥськo.</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">lydźiśko.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to read</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Мoн книгa лыӟӥськo.</p><p style="display: none;">Mon kńiga lydźiśko.</p><p style="display: none;">I {a book} {to read}</p><p style="display: none;">Subject Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">I am reading a book.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zarma">Zarma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Zarma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div>Hama na mo ŋwa.</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Hama</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Hama</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">na</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="completed aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">COMP</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rice</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ŋwa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">Verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Hama na mo ŋwa</p><p style="display: none;">Hama <abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="completed aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">COMP</abbr> rice eat</p><p style="display: none;">Subject {} Object Verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Hama ate rice.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topic-prominent_language" title="Topic-prominent language">Topic-prominent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">Subject–verb–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Object–subject–verb">Object–subject–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Object–verb–subject">Object–verb–subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–object–subject">Verb–object–subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–subject–object">Verb–subject–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_languages" title="Category:Subject–object–verb languages">Category:Subject–object–verb languages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Meyer_2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_2010_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2010" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Charles F. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MWbrvUiYzSkC&pg=PA36"><i>Introducing English Linguistics</i></a> (Student ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+English+Linguistics&rft.edition=Student&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWbrvUiYzSkC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tomlin_1986-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tomlin_1986_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlin1986" class="citation book cs1">Tomlin, Russell S. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13423631"><i>Basic Word Order: Functional Principles</i></a>. London: Croom Helm. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780709924999" title="Special:BookSources/9780709924999"><bdi>9780709924999</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13423631">13423631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Word+Order%3A+Functional+Principles&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13423631&rft.isbn=9780709924999&rft.aulast=Tomlin&rft.aufirst=Russell+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F13423631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrystal1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Crystal" title="David Crystal">Crystal, David</a> (1997). <i>The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55967-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55967-7"><bdi>0-521-55967-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-55967-7&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Fischer, "'With this ring I thee wed': The verbs to wed and to marry in the history of English". Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th Birthday. Ed. Raymond Hickey and Stanislaw Puppel. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 101 (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1997), pp.467-81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bhardwaj-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bhardwaj_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangat_Rai_Bhardwaj2016" class="citation book cs1">Mangat Rai Bhardwaj (2016). <i>Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar</i>. Abingdon-on-Thames: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-79385-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-79385-9"><bdi>978-1-138-79385-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2015042069">2015042069</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/948602857">948602857</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL35828315M">35828315M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23831241" class="extiw" title="d:Q23831241">Q23831241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panjabi%3A+A+Comprehensive+Grammar&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F948602857&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2015042069&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL35828315M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-138-79385-9&rft.au=Mangat+Rai+Bhardwaj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmadi, S. (2020, December). Building a Corpus for the Zaza–Gorani Language Family. In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (pp. 70-78).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSōseki1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki" title="Natsume Sōseki">Sōseki, Natsume</a> (July 26, 1988) [First published July 25, 1908]. <a href="/wiki/Ten_Nights_of_Dreams" title="Ten Nights of Dreams"> <bdi lang="ja">夢十夜</bdi></a> [<i>Ten Nights of Dreams</i>] (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Chikuma_Shob%C5%8D" title="Chikuma Shobō">Chikuma Shobō</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-480-02170-1" title="Special:BookSources/4-480-02170-1"><bdi>4-480-02170-1</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Aozora_Bunko" title="Aozora Bunko">Aozora Bunko</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%9C&rft.pub=Chikuma+Shob%C5%8D&rft.date=1988-07-26&rft.isbn=4-480-02170-1&rft.aulast=S%C5%8Dseki&rft.aufirst=Natsume&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-makinotsutsui1986-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-makinotsutsui1986_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakinoTsutsui1999" class="citation book cs1">Makino, Seiichi; Tsutsui, Michio (March 1999) [First published March 1986]. <i>A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar</i>. The Japan Times, Ltd. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7890-0454-6" title="Special:BookSources/4-7890-0454-6"><bdi>4-7890-0454-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Basic+Japanese+Grammar&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1999-03&rft.isbn=4-7890-0454-6&rft.aulast=Makino&rft.aufirst=Seiichi&rft.au=Tsutsui%2C+Michio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-futagi2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-futagi2004_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutagi2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Futagi, Yoko (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ling.rutgers.edu/images/dissertations/futagi_thesis.pdf"><i>Japanese Focus Particles at the Syntax-Semantics Interface</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University%E2%80%93New_Brunswick" title="Rutgers University–New Brunswick">Rutgers University–New Brunswick</a>. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60853899">60853899</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Japanese+Focus+Particles+at+the+Syntax-Semantics+Interface&rft.inst=Rutgers+University%E2%80%93New+Brunswick&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60853899&rft.aulast=Futagi&rft.aufirst=Yoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fling.rutgers.edu%2Fimages%2Fdissertations%2Ffutagi_thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegelBender2004" class="citation conference cs1">Siegel, Melanie; Bender, Emily M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/cslipublications/cslipublications/HPSG/2004/siegel-bender.pdf">"Head-Initial Constructions in Japanese"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Müller, Stefan (ed.). <i>Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Center for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford, CA">Stanford, CA</a>: CSLI Publications. pp. 244–260.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Head-Initial+Constructions+in+Japanese&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+11th+International+Conference+on+Head-Driven+Phrase+Structure+Grammar%2C+Center+for+Computational+Linguistics%2C+Katholieke+Universiteit+Leuven&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=244-260&rft.pub=CSLI+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft.au=Bender%2C+Emily+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fcslipublications%2Fcslipublications%2FHPSG%2F2004%2Fsiegel-bender.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121201738/https://www.chineseboost.com/grammar/ba-ten-minutes/">"Understanding 把 (bǎ) in ten minutes"</a>. <i>ChineseBoost.com</i>. 28 February 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chineseboost.com/grammar/ba-ten-minutes/">the original</a> on 2022-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChineseBoost.com&rft.atitle=Understanding+%E6%8A%8A+%28b%C7%8E%29+in+ten+minutes&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chineseboost.com%2Fgrammar%2Fba-ten-minutes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wenku.baidu.com/view/832c1d110b4e767f5acfce6d.html"><bdi lang="zh">车机联控语言——铁路行车领域"共同语言"的研究</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218131615/https://wenku.baidu.com/view/832c1d110b4e767f5acfce6d.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-18 – via Baidu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%BD%A6%E6%9C%BA%E8%81%94%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%22%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%22%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwenku.baidu.com%2Fview%2F832c1d110b4e767f5acfce6d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakró-NagyLaaksoSkribnik2022" class="citation book cs1">Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena K., eds. (2022). <i>The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages</i>. Oxford guides to the world's languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-876766-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-876766-4"><bdi>978-0-19-876766-4</bdi></a>. <q>As regards constituent order, Proto-Uralic was most obviously an SOV language with postpositions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+guide+to+the+Uralic+languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+guides+to+the+world%27s+languages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-19-876766-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb+word+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janhunen, Juha. 1982. On the structure of Proto-Uralic. Finno-Ugrische Forschungen 44. 23–42. Cited in Katalin É. Kiss. 2023. The (non-)finiteness of subordination correlates with basic word order: Evidence from Uralic.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subject–object–verb_word_order&oldid=1258195135">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subject–object–verb_word_order&oldid=1258195135</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_languages" title="Category:Subject–object–verb languages">Subject–object–verb languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Word_order" title="Category:Word order">Word order</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)">CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Chinese-language_script_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)">CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2021">Articles needing additional references from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_interlinear_glosses_using_more_than_three_unnamed_parameters" title="Category:Pages with interlinear glosses using more than three unnamed parameters">Pages with interlinear glosses using more than three unnamed parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ambiguous_glossing_abbreviations" title="Category:Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations">Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Korean-language text">Articles containing Korean-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Burmese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Burmese-language text">Articles containing Burmese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 17:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nt2gf","wgBackendResponseTime":190,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.291","walltime":"1.517","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7684,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":343734,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5126,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":83065,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":3,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1243.659 1 -total"," 28.81% 358.284 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.45% 229.502 36 Template:Fs_interlinear"," 13.79% 171.527 1 Template:Cite_Q"," 13.74% 170.854 34 Template:Lang"," 12.64% 157.149 30 Template:Interlinear"," 10.14% 126.139 6 Template:Cite_book"," 8.57% 106.631 1 Template:Linguistic_typology_topics"," 8.26% 102.676 1 Template:Sidebar"," 7.37% 91.637 1 Template:More_citations_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.797","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17186006,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"1 1 Mangat Rai Bhardwaj\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-z27g8","timestamp":"20241122143204","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Subject\u2013object\u2013verb word order","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q539808","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q539808","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-04-16T11:30:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T17:19:48Z","headline":"language in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence appear or usually appear in SOV order"}</script> </body> </html>