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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dedication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dedication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dedication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dedication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plunder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plunder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Plunder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plunder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joash's_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joash's_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Joash's restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joash's_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_by_the_Babylonians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_by_the_Babylonians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Destruction by the Babylonians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_by_the_Babylonians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Porch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Porch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctuary_(main_chamber)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctuary_(main_chamber)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sanctuary (main chamber)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctuary_(main_chamber)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_of_Holies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_of_Holies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Holy of Holies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_of_Holies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrounding_chambers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrounding_chambers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Surrounding chambers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrounding_chambers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molten_Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molten_Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Molten Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molten_Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Worship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Worship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Worship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sacrifice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacrifice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sacrifice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacrifice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Archaeological dating</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeological_dating-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeological dating subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Source_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Source_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Source materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Source_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Temple Mount Sifting Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objects_found_next_to_the_Temple_Mount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objects_found_next_to_the_Temple_Mount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Objects found next to the Temple Mount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objects_found_next_to_the_Temple_Mount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Freemasonry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freemasonry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Freemasonry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freemasonry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kabbalah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kabbalah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Kabbalah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kabbalah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_contemporary_temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_contemporary_temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other contemporary temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_contemporary_temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Persons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age_temples_from_the_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age_temples_from_the_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Iron Age temples from the region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age_temples_from_the_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.2</span> <span>Journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Solomon's Temple</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomo_se_Tempel" title="Salomo se Tempel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Salomo se Tempel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هيكل سليمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيكل سليمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templu_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Templu de Xerusalén – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Templu de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_m%C9%99b%C9%99di" title="Solomon məbədi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Solomon məbədi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="সলোমনের মন্দির – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সলোমনের মন্দির" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Соломонов храм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Соломонов храм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Salom%C3%B3" title="Temple de Salomó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temple de Salomó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0alomoun%C5%AFv_chr%C3%A1m" title="Šalomounův chrám – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šalomounův chrám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomos_Tempel" title="Salomos Tempel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Salomos Tempel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalomoni_tempel" title="Saalomoni tempel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saalomoni tempel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ναός του Σολομώντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναός του Σολομώντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Salom%C3%B3n" title="Templo de Salomón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Templo de Salomón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Salomono" title="Templo de Salomono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Templo de Salomono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیکل سلیمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیکل سلیمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1lomonstempli%C3%B0" title="Sálomonstemplið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sálomonstemplið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Salomon" title="Temple de Salomon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temple de Salomon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84" title="제1성전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1성전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Սողոմոնի տաճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սողոմոնի տաճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0" title="सोलोमन मन्दिर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोलोमन मन्दिर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bait_Salomo" title="Bait Salomo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bait Salomo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempio_di_Salomone" title="Tempio di Salomone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempio di Salomone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בית המקדש הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית המקדש הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სოლომონის ტაძარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოლომონის ტაძარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templum_Salomonicum" title="Templum Salomonicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Templum Salomonicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%81lamana_templis" title="Zālamana templis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zālamana templis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamon_temploma" title="Salamon temploma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Salamon temploma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Соломонов храм – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Соломонов храм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempolin%27_i_S%C3%B4l%C3%B4m%C3%B4na" title="Tempolin' i Sôlômôna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tempolin' i Sôlômôna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ശലോമോന്റെ ക്ഷേത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശലോമോന്റെ ക്ഷേത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هيكل سليمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيكل سليمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Sulaiman" title="Kuil Sulaiman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuil Sulaiman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempel_van_Salomo" title="Tempel van Salomo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tempel van Salomo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF" title="ソロモン神殿 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソロモン神殿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomos_tempel" title="Salomos tempel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salomos tempel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulaymon_ibodatxonasi" title="Sulaymon ibodatxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sulaymon ibodatxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ہیکل سلیمانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیکل سلیمانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierwsza_%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynia" title="Pierwsza Świątynia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierwsza Świątynia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Templo de Salomão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Templo de Salomão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templul_lui_Solomon" title="Templul lui Solomon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Templul lui Solomon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Первый храм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первый храм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempulli_i_Par%C3%AB" title="Tempulli i Parë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tempulli i Parë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="සොලමන්ගේ දේවස්ථානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සොලමන්ගේ දේවස්ථානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solomon's Temple" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پەرستگای سولەیمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەرستگای سولەیمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Соломонов храм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Соломонов храм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomonov_hram" title="Solomonov hram – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Solomonov hram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_temppeli" title="Salomon temppeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salomon temppeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomos_tempel" title="Salomos tempel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salomos tempel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_ni_Solomon" title="Templo ni Solomon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Templo ni Solomon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சாலமோனின் கோவில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாலமோனின் கோவில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="พระวิหารของซาโลมอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวิหารของซาโลมอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Mabedi" title="Süleyman Mabedi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süleyman Mabedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Храм Соломона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Храм Соломона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ہیکل سلیمانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیکل سلیمانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_Solomon" title="Đền Solomon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đền Solomon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_ni_Solomon" title="Templo ni Solomon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Templo ni Solomon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="所罗门圣殿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="所罗门圣殿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Solomon%27s_Temple&params=31.778013_N_35.235367_E_type:landmark_region:IL-JM"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°14′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.778013°N 35.235367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.778013; 35.235367</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Temple in Jerusalem in Abrahamic religions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Templum Solomonis" redirects here. For Crusader "Templum Solomonis", see <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">al-Aqsa Mosque</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"First Temple" redirects here. For the album by Closure in Moscow, see <a href="/wiki/First_Temple_(album)" title="First Temple (album)"><i>First Temple</i> (album)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Solomon's Temple (disambiguation)">Solomon's Temple (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Solomon's Temple<br />First Temple</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בֵּית-הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן</span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg/220px-Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg/330px-Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg/440px-Reconstruction_of_Solomon%27s_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="914" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Modern artistic depiction of Solomon's Temple at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leadership</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> (at the time of destruction)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Solomon's Temple is located in Jerusalem"><img alt="Solomon's Temple is located in Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png/240px-Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png/360px-Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png/480px-Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="3391" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.493%;left:79.137%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Solomon's Temple"><img alt="Solomon's Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Jerusalem</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Solomon's Temple is located in Jerusalem"><img alt="Solomon's Temple is located in Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png/240px-Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png/360px-Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png/480px-Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="868" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.061%;left:79.257%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Solomon's Temple"><img alt="Solomon's Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (modern municipal borders)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Jerusalem</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solomon's Temple is located in Israel"><img alt="Solomon's Temple is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/240px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="446" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/360px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/480px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:41%;left:59.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Solomon's Temple"><img alt="Solomon's Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Israel</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Solomon%27s_Temple&params=31.778013_N_35.235367_E_type:landmark_region:IL-JM"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°14′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.778013°N 35.235367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.778013; 35.235367</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown, but attributed to <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 10th–8th century BCE</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Destroyed</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">587 BCE</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Solomon's Temple</b>, also known as the <b>First Temple</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בֵּית-הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן</span>‎</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Bēṯ ham-Mīqdāš hā-Rīšōn</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'First House of the Sanctum'), was a biblical <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> believed to have existed between the 10th and 6th centuries <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>. Its description is largely based on narratives in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, in which it was commissioned by biblical king <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> before being destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Siege of Jerusalem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> in 587 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No remains of the destroyed temple have ever been found. Most modern scholars agree that the First Temple existed on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by the time of the Babylonian siege, and there is significant debate among scholars over the date of its construction and the identity of its builder. </p><p>The Hebrew Bible, specifically within the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Book of Kings</a>, includes a detailed narrative about the construction's ordering by Solomon, the penultimate ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>. It further credits Solomon as the placer of the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>, a windowless inner sanctum within the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entry into the Holy of Holies was heavily restricted; the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a> was the only authority permitted to enter the sanctuary, and only did so on <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, carrying the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">blood of a sacrificial lamb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incense_offering" title="Incense offering">burning incense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to serving as a religious building for worship, the First Temple also functioned as a place of assembly for the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First Temple's destruction and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a> were both events that were seen as a fulfillment of biblical prophecies and thus affected <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaic religious beliefs</a>, precipitating the Israelites' transition from either <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">monolatrism</a> (as seen in <a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a>) to firm <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Jewish monotheism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (May 2024)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Previously, many scholars accepted the biblical narrative of the First Temple's construction by Solomon as authentic. During the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_minimalism" title="Biblical minimalism">skeptical approaches to the biblical text</a> as well as the archaeological record led some scholars to doubt whether there was any Temple in Jerusalem constructed as early as the 10th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20192_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20192-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars have suggested that the original structure built by Solomon was relatively modest, and was later rebuilt on a larger scale.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No direct evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple has been found.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200845_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200845-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the extreme religious and political sensitivity of the site, no recent archaeological excavations have been conducted on the Temple Mount. Nineteenth and early-twentieth century excavations around the Temple Mount did not identify "even a trace" of the complex.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Yahweh_ostracon" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Yahweh ostracon"><i>House of Yahweh</i> ostracon</a>, dated to the 6th century BCE, may refer to the First Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two 21st century findings from the Israelite period in present-day <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> have been found bearing resemblance to Solomon's Temple as it is described in the Hebrew Bible: a shrine model from the early half of the 10th century BCE in <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Qeiyafa" title="Khirbet Qeiyafa">Khirbet Qeiyafa</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Motza" title="Tel Motza">Tel Motza temple</a>, dated to the 9th century BCE and located in the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Motza" title="Motza">Motza</a> within <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biblical description of Solomon's Temple has also been observed to share similarities with several <a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Hittite">Syro-Hittite</a> temples of the same period discovered in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, such as those in <a href="/wiki/Ain_Dara_(archaeological_site)" title="Ain Dara (archaeological site)">Ain Dara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tell_Tayinat" title="Tell Tayinat">Tell Tayinat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Batiuk2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batiuk2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hess19992_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess19992-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Jewish return from exile, Solomon's Temple was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archeologist <a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a> writes that the exact location of the Temple is unknown. It is believed to have been situated upon the hill that forms the site of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> and present-day <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> is situated.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Bible, Solomon's Temple was built on <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Mount Moriah</a> in Jerusalem, where an angel of God had appeared to David (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%203:1&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 3:1</a>). The site was originally a <a href="/wiki/Threshing_floor" title="Threshing floor">threshing floor</a> David had purchased from <a href="/wiki/Araunah" title="Araunah">Araunah</a> the <a href="/wiki/Jebusites" title="Jebusites">Jebusite</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2024:18–25&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 24:18–25</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%203:1&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 3:1</a>). </p><p>Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine that Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites.<sup id="cite_ref-McCormick2002_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCormick2002-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_narrative">Biblical narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biblical narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG/220px-Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG/330px-Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG/440px-Solomons_Temple_10Century.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3109" data-file-height="2069" /></a><figcaption>Modern-day reconstruction of Jerusalem during the reign of Solomon (10th century BCE) from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Walls_National_Park" title="Jerusalem Walls National Park">Jerusalem Walls National Park</a>. The temple stands on the original Mount Moriah, as it looked prior to its expansion by King Herod in the 1st century BCE</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible,_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_(1922)_(14749899816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/220px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/330px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/440px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Model of the First Temple, included in a Bible manual for teachers (1922)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/1_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Kings">1 Kings</a>, the foundation of the Temple is laid in <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Ziv</a>, the second month of the fourth year of Solomon's reign and construction is completed in <a href="/wiki/Cheshvan" title="Cheshvan">Bul</a>, the eighth month of Solomon's eleventh year, thus taking about seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETetley2005105_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETetley2005105-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hebrew Bible records that the <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyrians</a> played a leading role in the construction of the Temple. The <a href="/wiki/2_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Samuel">Second Book of Samuel</a> mentions how David and <a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram</a> forged an alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This friendship continues after Solomon succeeds David, and the two refer to each other as brothers. A literary account of how Hiram helps Solomon build the Temple is given in <a href="/wiki/1_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Kings">1 Kings</a> (chapters 5–9) and <a href="/wiki/2_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles</a> (chapters 2–7).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiram agrees to Solomon's request to supply him with <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_libani" title="Cedrus libani">cedar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress trees</a> for the construction of the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He tells Solomon that he will send the trees by sea: "I will make them into rafts to go by the sea to the place that you indicate. I will have them broken up there for you to take away."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return for the lumber, Solomon sends him wheat and oil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solomon also brings over a skilled craftsman from Tyre, also called Hiram (or Huram-abi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell20151538_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell20151538-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), who oversees the construction of the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stonemasons from Gebal (<a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a>) cut stones for the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell2015622_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell2015622-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Temple and palace (taking an additional 13 years) is completed, <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> hands over twenty cities in the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> near <a href="/wiki/Tyre_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre (Lebanon)">Tyre</a> as a repayment to Hiram.<sup id="cite_ref-1K9:13_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1K9:13-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiram was not pleased with the gift, however, and asks "what are these towns that you have given me, my brother?". Hiram then calls them "the land of <a href="/wiki/Cabul" title="Cabul">Cabul</a>", and the writer of <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_9" title="1 Kings 9">1 Kings 9</a> says they were called by this name "to this day".<sup id="cite_ref-1K9:13_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1K9:13-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiram however remains on friendly terms with Solomon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter20181087_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter20181087-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Chronicles">Second Book of Chronicles</a> fills in some details of the construction not given in narrative brought in 1 Kings. It states that the trees sent as rafts were sent to the city of <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Joppa</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in return for the lumber supplied, Solomon, in addition to the wheat and oil, sent wine to Hiram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018286_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018286-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transfer_of_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant">Transfer of the Ark of the Covenant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transfer of the Ark of the Covenant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%208:1–9&version=nrsv">1 Kings 8:1–9</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%205:2–10&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 5:2–10</a> record that in the <a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">seventh month</a> of the year, at the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Tabernacles" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Tabernacles">feast of Tabernacles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the priests and the <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> brought the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> from the <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a> and placed it inside the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> of the Temple. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dedication">Dedication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dedication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+8:10–66&version=nkjv">1 Kings 8:10–66</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+6:1–42&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 6:1–42</a> recount the events of the temple's dedication. When the priests emerged from the holy of holies after placing the Ark there, the Temple was filled with an overpowering cloud that interrupted the dedication ceremony,<sup id="cite_ref-PComm_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PComm-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "for the glory of the Lord had filled the house of the Lord [such that] the priests could not stand to minister" (1 Kings 8:10–11; 2 Chronicles 5:13, 14). Solomon interpreted the cloud as "[proof] that his pious work was accepted":<sup id="cite_ref-PComm_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PComm-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The Lord has said that he would dwell in thick darkness. I have built you an exalted house, a place for you to dwell in forever."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>1 Kings 8:12–13</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The allusion is to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16:2&version=nkjv">Leviticus 16:2</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Lord said to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>: Tell your brother <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> not to come just at any time into the sanctuary inside the curtain before the mercy seat that is upon the ark, or he will die; for I appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat.</p></blockquote><p> The Pulpit Commentary notes that "Solomon had thus every warrant for connecting a <a href="/wiki/Theophany" title="Theophany">theophany</a> with the thick dark cloud".<sup id="cite_ref-PComm_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PComm-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg/250px-Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg/375px-Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Tissot_Solomon_Dedicates_the_Temple_at_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>King Solomon <a href="/wiki/Dedication_(ritual)" title="Dedication (ritual)">dedicates</a> the Temple at Jerusalem. Painting by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> or follower, c. 1896–1902</figcaption></figure><p> Solomon then led the whole assembly of Israel in <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">prayer</a>, noting that the construction on the temple represented a fulfilment of God's promise to <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>, dedicating the temple as a place of prayer and reconciliation for the people of Israel and for foreigners living in Israel, and highlighting the <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a> that God who lives in the heavens cannot really be contained within a single building. The dedication was concluded with musical celebration and <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a> said to have included "twenty-two thousand bulls and one hundred and twenty thousand sheep".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sacrifices were offered outside the temple, in "the middle of the court that was in front of the house of the Lord", because the <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)#In_the_Temple" title="Altar (Bible)">altar</a> inside the temple, despite its extensive dimensions,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was not big enough for the offerings being made that day.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The celebration lasted eight days and was attended by "very great assembly [gathered] from the entrance of <a href="/wiki/Hamath" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamath">Hamath</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Brook_of_Egypt" title="Brook of Egypt">Brook of Egypt</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent feast of Tabernacles extended the whole celebration to 14 days,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the people were "sent away to their homes".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the dedication, Solomon hears in a dream that God has heard his prayer, and God will continue to hear the prayers of the people of Israel if they adopt the four ways in which they could move God to action: humility, prayer, seeking his face, and turning from wicked ways.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, if they turn aside and forsake God's commandments and worship other gods, then God will abandon the temple: "this house which I have sanctified for My name I will cast out of My sight".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plunder">Plunder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plunder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the biblical narrative, Solomon's Temple was plundered several times. In the fifth year of <a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a>'s reign (commonly dated to 926 BCE), Egyptian pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Shishak" title="Shishak">Shishak</a> (positively identified with <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a>) took away treasures of the Temple and the king's house, as well as shields of gold that Solomon had made; Rehoboam replaced them with brass ones (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+14:25&version=nkjv">1 Kings 14:25</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+12:1–12&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 12:1–12</a>). A century later, Jehoash, king of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">northern Kingdom of Israel</a>, advanced on Jerusalem, broke down a portion of the wall, and carried away the treasures of the Temple and the palace (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2014:13–14&version=nrsv">2 Kings 14:13–14</a>). Later, when <a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a> of Judah was threatened by defeat at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Rezin" title="Rezin">Rezin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a> of Israel, he turned to king <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiglath-Pileser IV">Tiglath-Pileser IV</a> for help. To persuade him, he "took the silver and gold that was found in the house of Yahweh, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a present to the King of Assyria" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2016:8&version=nrsv">2 Kings 16:8</a>). At another critical juncture, <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> cut off the gold from the doors and doorsteps of the temple he himself had overlaid, and gave it to king <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2018:15–16&version=nrsv">2 Kings 18:15–16</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joash's_restoration"><span id="Joash.27s_restoration"></span>Joash's restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Joash's restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Kings+12:1–17&version=nkjv">2 Kings 12:1–17</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+24:1–14&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 24:1–14</a> recount that <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">King Joash</a> and the priests of the temple organised a restoration programme funded from popular donations. The temple was restored to its original condition and further reinforced.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction_by_the_Babylonians">Destruction by the Babylonians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Destruction by the Babylonians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg/220px-Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg/330px-Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg/440px-Tissot_The_Chaldees_Destroy_the_Brazen_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>Chaldees destroy the Brazen Sea, Painting by James Tissot, c. 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the Bible, the Temple was plundered by King <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> when the Babylonians <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(597_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)">attacked Jerusalem</a> during the brief reign of <a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jehoiachin</a> c. 598 BCE (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2024:13&version=nrsv">2 Kings 24:13</a>). </p><p>A decade later, Nebuchadnezzar again <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">besieged Jerusalem</a> and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587/6 BCE. The city finally fell to his army in July 586/5 BCE. A month later, <a href="/wiki/Nebuzaradan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebuzaradan">Nebuzaradan</a>, commander of Nebuchadnezzar's guard, was sent to burn and demolish the city. According to the Bible, "he set fire to the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, the royal palace and all the houses of Jerusalem" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2025:9&version=nrsv">2 Kings 25:9</a>). Everything worth plundering was then removed and taken to Babylon (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2025:13–17&version=nrsv">2 Kings 25:13–17</a>). </p><p>Jewish tradition holds that the Temple was destroyed on <i><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></i>, the 9th day of <a href="/wiki/Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a> (Hebrew calendar),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the same date of the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic sources</a> state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work <i><a href="/wiki/Seder_Olam_Rabbah" title="Seder Olam Rabbah">Seder Olam Rabbah</a></i>, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE (3338 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">AM</a>), <a href="/wiki/Missing_years_(Jewish_calendar)" title="Missing years (Jewish calendar)">165 years later than secular estimates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> says; "the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years, six months, and ten days after it was built".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs additional references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">additional citation(s) needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Solomon's Temple was subsequently replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> in 515 BCE, following Jewish return from <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">exile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The description of Solomon's Temple given in <a href="/wiki/I_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="I Kings">I Kings</a> and <a href="/wiki/II_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="II Chronicles">II Chronicles</a> is remarkably detailed, but attempts to reconstruct it have met many difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The description includes various technical terms that have lost their original meaning to time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeological studies have provided ancient Near Eastern counterparts for architectural features, furnishings and decorative motifs. Contemporary Israeli archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Finkelstein</a> considered Solomon's Temple to be built according to <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> design, and its description is in accordance with how Phoenician temples looked;<sup id="cite_ref-Finkelstein_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finkelstein-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others have described the structure as <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_antis" title="Temple in antis">temple in antis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, three small portable shrines were discovered in <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Qeiyafa" title="Khirbet Qeiyafa">Khirbet Qeiyafa</a>, an archaeological site 30 km (20 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> dated to 1025–975 BCE, a range that includes the biblical date for the reigns of David and Solomon. The smaller shrines are boxes shaped with different decorations showing impressive architectonic and decorative styles. One of the excavators, Israeli archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Garfinkel" title="Yosef Garfinkel">Yosef Garfinkel</a>, suggested that the style and the decoration of these cultic objects are very similar to the biblical description of some features of Solomon's Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Archeologists categorize the biblical description of Solomon's Temple as a <i>langbau</i> building. That is, a rectangular building that is longer than it is wide. It is furthermore classified as a tripartite building, consisting of three units; the <i>ulam</i> (porch), the <i>heikal</i> (sanctuary), and the <i>debir</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>). It is also categorized as being a straight-axis temple, meaning that there is a straight line from the entrance to the innermost shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200848_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200848-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg/220px-Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg/330px-Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg/440px-Bible-Lands-Museum-Khirbet-Qeiyafa-30700.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Proposed reconstruction of Solomon's Temple (2013) at <a href="/wiki/Bible_Lands_Museum" title="Bible Lands Museum">Bible Lands Museum</a>, based on 10th century BCE shrine model discovered in <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Qeiyafa" title="Khirbet Qeiyafa">Khirbet Qeiyafa</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Porch">Porch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Porch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>ulam</i>, or porch, featured two bronze pillars <a href="/wiki/Jachin_and_Boaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jachin and Boaz">Jachin and Boaz</a>. It is unclear from the biblical descriptions whether the porch was a closed room, a roofed entranceway, or an open courtyard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, it is not known whether the pillars were freestanding or structural elements built into the porch. If they were built into the porch, it could indicate that the design was influenced by similar temples in Syria or even Turkey, home to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite Empire</a>. While most reconstructions of the Temple have the pillars freestanding,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200849_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200849-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yosef Garfinkel and Madeleine Mumcuoglu finds it likely that the pillars supported a roof over the porch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctuary_(main_chamber)"><span id="Sanctuary_.28main_chamber.29"></span>Sanctuary (main chamber)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sanctuary (main chamber)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg/220px-Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg/330px-Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg/440px-Plan_of_Soloman%27s_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="1874" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Solomon's Temple, published 1905</figcaption></figure><p>The porch led to the <i>heikal</i>, main chamber, or sanctuary. It measured 40 cubits in length, 20 cubits in width, and 30 cubits in height and contained a candelabrum, a table and a <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)#Altar_of_Incense" title="Altar (Bible)">gold-covered altar</a> used for offerings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the sanctuary, loaves of <a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a> were left as an offering to God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the far end of the sanctuary there was a wooden door, guarded by two cherubim, leading to the Holy of Holies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200849_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200849-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The walls of the sanctuary were lined with cedar, on which were carved figures of cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers that were overlaid with gold (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:29–30&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:29–30</a>). Chains of gold further marked it off from the Holy of Holies. The floor of the Temple was of fir overlaid with gold. The doorposts, of olivewood, supported folding doors of fir. The doors of the Holy of Holies were of olivewood. On both sets of doors were carved cherubim, palm trees, and flowers, all being overlaid with gold (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:15&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:15</a> et seq.) This main building was between the outer altar, where most <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a> were performed, and inside at the far end was the entry to the Holy of Holies, originally containing the Ark of the Covenant. The main hekhal contained a number of sacred ritual objects including the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">seven-branched candlestick</a>, a golden <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)#Altar_of_Incense" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar of Incense</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">table of the showbread</a>. According to 1 Kings 7:48 these tables were of gold, as were also the five candlesticks on each side of the altar. The candle–tongs, basins, snuffers, firepans, and even the hinges of the doors were also gold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_of_Holies">Holy of Holies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Holy of Holies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SolomonsTemple.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SolomonsTemple.png/220px-SolomonsTemple.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SolomonsTemple.png/330px-SolomonsTemple.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SolomonsTemple.png/440px-SolomonsTemple.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Solomon's Temple with measurements</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>, also called the "Inner House", was 20 <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubits</a> in length, breadth, and height. The usual explanation for the discrepancy between its height and the 30-cubit height of the temple is that its floor was elevated, like the <i><a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">cella</a></i> of other ancient temples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was floored and <a href="/wiki/Wainscot" class="mw-redirect" title="Wainscot">wainscotted</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_libani" title="Cedrus libani">cedar of Lebanon</a>, and its walls and floor were overlaid with <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> amounting to 600 talents or roughly 20 metric tons. It contained two <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubim</a> of olivewood, each 10 cubits high and each having outspread wings of 10 cubits span, so that, since they stood side by side, the wings touched the wall on either side and met in the center of the room. There was a two-leaved door between it and the Holy Place overlaid with gold; also, a veil of <a href="/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet">tekhelet</a> (blue), <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">purple</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">crimson</a> and fine <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>. It had no windows and was considered the dwelling-place of the "name" of God.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Holy of Holies was prepared to receive and house the Ark; and when the Temple was dedicated, the Ark, containing the original tablets of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>, was placed beneath the cherubim.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrounding_chambers">Surrounding chambers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Surrounding chambers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chambers were built around the Temple on the southern, western and northern sides (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:5–10&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:5–10</a>). These formed a part of the building and were used for storage. They were probably one story high at first; two more may have been added later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts">Courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Bible, two courts surrounded the Temple. The Inner Court (1 Kings 6:36), or Court of the Priests (2 Chr. 4:9), was separated from the space beyond by a wall of three courses of hewn stone, surmounted by cedar beams (1 Kings 6:36). It contained the <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar of burnt-offering</a> (2 Chr. 15:8), the <a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Brazen Sea</a> laver (4:2–5, 10) and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_laver_(Temple)" title="Bronze laver (Temple)">ten other lavers</a> (1 Kings 7:38, 39). A brazen altar stood before the Temple (2 Kings 16:14), its dimensions 20 cubits square and 10 cubits high (2 Chr. 4:1). The Great Court surrounded the whole Temple (2 Chr. 4:9). It was here that people assembled to worship. (Jeremiah 19:14; 26:2). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molten_Sea">Molten Sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Molten Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Special:EditPage/Solomon's Temple">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg/220px-Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg/330px-Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg/440px-Holman_Molten_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>Molten Sea, illustration in the Holman Bible, 1890</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the "Molten or Brazen Sea" (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:ים">ים</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:מוצק">מוצק</a></span></span> "cast metal sea") was a large basin in the Temple for <a href="/wiki/Ritual_washing_in_Judaism" title="Ritual washing in Judaism">ablution</a> of the priests. It is described in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Kings#7:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Kings">1 Kings 7:23–26</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Chronicles#4:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles 4:2–5</a>. </p><p>According to the Bible, it stood in the south-eastern corner of the inner court. It was five <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubits</a> high, ten cubits in diameter from brim to brim, and thirty cubits in circumference. The brim was "like the <a href="/wiki/Calyx_(anatomy)" title="Calyx (anatomy)">calyx</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Lilium" title="Lilium">lily</a>" and turned outward "about an hand breadth"; or about four inches. It was placed on the backs of twelve <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">oxen</a>, standing with their faces outward. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Book of Kings</a> states that it contains 2000 baths (90 cubic meters), while <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Chronicles</a> (2 Chr. 4:5–6) states it can hold up to 3000 baths (136 cubic meters) and states that its purpose was to afford opportunity for the purification by immersion of the bodies of the priests. The fact that it was a <a href="/wiki/Washbasin" class="mw-redirect" title="Washbasin">washbasin</a> that was too large to enter from above lends to the idea that water would likely have flowed from it down into a subcontainer beneath. </p><p>The water was originally supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Gibeonites" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibeonites">Gibeonites</a> but was afterwards brought by a conduit from <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools" title="Solomon's Pools">Solomon's Pools</a>. The molten sea was made of <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> that which Solomon had taken from the captured cities of <a href="/wiki/Hadadezer_ben_Rehob" title="Hadadezer ben Rehob">Hadadezer ben Rehob</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobah</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#18:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 18:8</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a> later removed this laver from the oxen and placed it on a stone pavement (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Kings#16:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Kings">2 Kings 16:17</a>). It was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Kings#25:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Kings">2 Kings 25:13</a>). </p><p>Also outside the temple were 10 lavers, each of which held "forty baths" (1 Kings 7:38), resting on portable holders made of bronze, provided with wheels, and ornamented with figures of lions, <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubim</a>, and palm-trees. The author of the books of the Kings describes their minute details with great interest (1 Kings 7:27–37). Josephus reported that the vessels in the Temple were composed of <a href="/wiki/Orichalcum" title="Orichalcum">orichalcum</a> covered in gold in <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship">Worship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg/120px-Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg/180px-Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg/240px-Ashera._Eretz_Israel_Mus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> was worshipped until King Josiah. Figurine, 8th–6th century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a> the Temple was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, the God of Israel. From the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh of Judah</a> until King <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">the host of heaven</a>" were also worshipped there.<sup id="cite_ref-je_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the reforms of Josiah, there was also a statue for the goddess <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2023:6&version=nrsv">2 Kings 23:6</a>) and priestesses wove ritual textiles for her (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2023:7&version=nrsv">2 Kings 23:7</a>). Next to the temple was a house for the temple prostitutes (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2023:7&version=nrsv">2 Kings 23:7</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who performed <a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">sacred prostitution</a> at the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether the prostitutes included both male and female or just male prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the majority of biblical scholars, Asherah was Yahweh's consort, and she was worshipped alongside Yahweh.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2005_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2005-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002125_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2002125-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is disputed by a significant minority, who maintain that the <a href="/wiki/Asherah_pole" title="Asherah pole">asherah</a> in the Temple was a wooden pole, rather than a statue. Although originally a symbol of the goddess, the <i>asherah</i> is argued to have been adopted as a symbol of Yahweh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002125_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2002125-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Richard Lowery, Yahweh and Asherah headed a pantheon of other Judean gods that were worshipped at the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowrey_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowrey-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple had <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity#Solar_vessels_and_chariots" title="Solar deity">chariots of the sun</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2023:11&version=nrsv">2 Kings 23:11</a>) and Ezekiel describes a vision of temple worshipers facing east and bowing to the sun (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezekiel%208:16&version=nrsv">Ezekiel 8:16</a>). Some Bible scholars, such as <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Barker" title="Margaret Barker">Margaret Barker</a>, say that these solar elements indicate a <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">solar cult</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may reflect an earlier Jebusite worship of <a href="/wiki/Zedek" class="mw-redirect" title="Zedek">Zedek</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or possibly a solarized Yahwism.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the Tanakh, the Temple housed the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>. It says the Ark contained the Ten Commandments and was moved from <a href="/wiki/Kiriath_Jearim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiriath Jearim">Kiriath Jearim</a> to Jerusalem by David before being moved into Solomon's temple.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common view among scholars is that the Ark was originally conceived as Yahweh's footstool, above which he was invisibly enthroned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackett2001156–158_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackett2001156–158-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Stavrakopoulou" title="Francesca Stavrakopoulou">Francesca Stavrakopoulou</a> states that Yahweh was physically enthroned above the Ark as a <a href="/wiki/Cult_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult statue">cult statue</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStavrakopoulou202178_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStavrakopoulou202178-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was only following the Exile that Yahweh was conceived as unseen and the prohibition on carved images was added to the Ten Commandments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStavrakopoulou2021494_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStavrakopoulou2021494-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, some biblical scholars believe the story of the Ark was written independently and then incorporated into the main biblical narrative just before the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">exile into Babylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a> speculates that the Ark may have contained statues of Yahweh and Asherah, and that it could have remained in Kiriath Jearim for much longer, possibly until shortly before the Babylonian conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-David_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Deuteronomic reform of King <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>, the cult objects of the sun and Asherah were taken out of the temple and the practice of sacred prostitution, and the worship of Baal and the hosts of heaven were stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sacrifice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Korban</a></div> <p>A korban was a <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> animal sacrifice, such as a <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">dove</a> that underwent <i><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">shechita</a></i> (Jewish ritual slaughter). Sacrifices could also consist of <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">meal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-straightdope.com_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straightdope.com-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Offerings were often cooked and most of it eaten by the offeror, with parts given to the <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a> priests and small parts burned on the <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">altar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>. Only in special cases was all of the offering given only to God, such as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Scapegoat" title="Scapegoat">scapegoat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Josiah, sacrifices were centralized at Solomon's temple and other places of sacrifice were abolished. The temple became a major slaughtering center and a major part of Jerusalem's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_dating">Archaeological dating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Archaeological dating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG/220px-C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG/330px-C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG/440px-C%2BB-Temple-Fig4-3rdCentADGlassBowlShowingJerusalemTemple.PNG 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>3rd century depiction of the temple on glass bowl, with <a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most scholars today agree that a temple had existed on the Temple Mount by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">siege of Jerusalem</a> (587 BCE), but the identity of its builder and its construction date are strongly debated. Because of the religious and political sensitivities involved, no archaeological excavations and only limited surface surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted since <a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a>'s expedition of 1867–70.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Langmeadp314_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langmeadp314-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of today, there is no solid archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple, and the building is not mentioned in surviving extra-biblical accounts,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128–129_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128–129-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> save for perhaps a single fragmented ostracon that mentions a "<a href="/wiki/House_of_Yahweh_(biblical_term)" title="House of Yahweh (biblical term)">house of Yahweh</a>" without any further specification.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artifacts previously believed to prove the existence of Solomon's Temple—an <a href="/wiki/Ivory_pomegranate" title="Ivory pomegranate">ivory pomegranate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_Inscription" title="Jehoash Inscription">a ninth century BCE stone tablet</a>—are now highly contested as to their authenticity. Moreover, starting in the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_minimalism" title="Biblical minimalism">biblical minimalists</a> have doubted King Solomon's connection to the temple, sometimes describing him as little more than a hill country chieftain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002190_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002190-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/William_G._Dever" title="William G. Dever">William G. Dever</a> argues that the biblical description of the Temple itself shows profound similarities with other temples of the time (<a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistine</a>), suggesting that this cult structure was actually built by Solomon (whom he sees as an actual king of Israel) in the 10th century BCE, although the biblical description is undoubtedly excessive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2001145ff_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2001145ff-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These views are shared by the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a>, who underlines how the description of the Temple in the Bible, albeit exaggerated, is substantially in line with the architectural descriptions already present in the Levant in the second millennium BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Garfinkel" title="Yosef Garfinkel">Yosef Garfinkel</a> and Madeleine Mumcuoglu argue that the discovery of a 9th century BCE temple at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Motza" title="Tel Motza">Motza</a>, a secondary administrative site in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>, implies that there must have been a central temple in the kingdom’s capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20198_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20198-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fabio Porzia and <a href="/wiki/Corinne_Bonnet" title="Corinne Bonnet">Corinne Bonnet</a>, reflecting on the archaeological parallels between the way Solomon's temple is described and comparable examples of similar temples from around the ancient Near East, demur and conclude that "a gap [...] exists between the biblical accounts which place the temple in the 10th century and the historical considerations which tend towards the 8th and 7th centuries."<sup id="cite_ref-Porzoa_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porzoa-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They suggest that Solomon's temple corresponds more with the 8th-7th century temple architectural models associated with Aram or Assyria than with anything associated with temple architecture from the 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Porzoa_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porzoa-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They suggest that the first temple most likely dates to the 8th century and "was retroactively attributed to the great ruler of the 10th century."<sup id="cite_ref-Porzoa_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porzoa-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Source_materials">Source materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Source materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Ostracon" title="Ostracon">ostracon</a> (excavated prior to 1981), sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Yahweh_ostracon" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Yahweh ostracon">House of Yahweh ostracon</a>, was discovered at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a>, dated to the 6th century BCE, which mentions a temple that could be the Temple in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has been challenged by Fabio Porzia and <a href="/wiki/Corinne_Bonnet" title="Corinne Bonnet">Corinne Bonnet</a> who wrote that the context and location of the temple mentioned is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-Porzoa_87-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porzoa-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A thumb-sized <a href="/wiki/Ivory_pomegranate" title="Ivory pomegranate">ivory pomegranate</a> (which came to light in 1979) measuring 44 millimetres (1.7 in) in height and bearing an ancient Hebrew inscription "Sacred donation for the priests in the House of ---h,]", was believed to have adorned a sceptre used by the <a href="/wiki/Kohen_Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohen Gadol">high priest</a> in Solomon's Temple. It was considered the most important item of biblical antiquities in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>'s collection.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, however, experts from the Israel Museum reported the inscription to be a <a href="/wiki/Forgery" title="Forgery">forgery</a>, though the ivory pomegranate itself was dated to the 14th or 13th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was based on the report's claim that three incised letters in the inscription stopped short of an ancient break, as they would have if carved after the ancient break was made. Since then, it has been proven that one of the letters was indeed carved prior to the ancient break, and the status of the other two letters are in question. Some paleographers and others have continued to insist that the inscription is ancient, some dispute this, so the authenticity of this writing is still the object of discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another artifact, the <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_Inscription" title="Jehoash Inscription">Jehoash Inscription</a>, which first came to notice in 2003, contains a 15-line description of King Jehoash's ninth-century BCE restoration of the Temple. Its authenticity was called into question by a report by the Israel Antiquities Authority, which said that the surface patina contained microfossils of <a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">foraminifera</a>. As these fossils do not dissolve in water, they cannot occur in a calcium carbonate patina, leading initial investigators to conclude that the patina must be an artificial chemical mix applied to the stone by forgers. As of late 2012, the academic community is split on whether the tablet is authentic or not. Commenting on a 2012 report by geologists arguing for the authenticity of the inscription, in October 2012, <a href="/wiki/Hershel_Shanks" title="Hershel Shanks">Hershel Shanks</a> (who believes the inscription is genuine) wrote the current situation was that most Hebrew language scholars believe that the inscription is a forgery and geologists that it is genuine, and thus "Because we rely on experts, and because there is an apparently irresolvable conflict of experts in this case, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Archaeology_Review" title="Biblical Archaeology Review">BAR</a> has taken no position with respect to the authenticity of the Jehoash Inscription."<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a>, writing centuries later in 1st century CE, says that "Solomon began to build the temple in the fourth year of his reign, on the second month, which the Macedonians call Artemisius, and the Hebrews <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Jar</a>, five hundred and ninety two years after the <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">exodus out of Egypt</a>, but after one thousand and twenty years from <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>'s coming out of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> into <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> and after the deluge one thousand four hundred and forty years; and from <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, the first man who was created, until Solomon built the temple, there had past in all three thousand one hundred and two years."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Against_Apion" title="Against Apion">Against Apion</a></i>, Josephus mentions that according to the <a href="/wiki/Annals" title="Annals">annals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> city-state of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>, Solomon's Temple was built on the 12th year of <a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram I</a> of Tyre and 143 years and 8 months before the Tyrians founded <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation date of Carthage is usually dated to 814 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus, according to Josephus, the construction of the Temple should be dated to circa 958/9 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a date that lies within the conventional dates of Solomon's reign between 970 and 931 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Temple Mount Sifting Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>By 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" title="Temple Mount Sifting Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a> had recovered numerous artifacts dating from the 8th to 7th centuries BCE from soil removed in 1999 by the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Waqf" title="Jerusalem Waqf">Jerusalem Waqf</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Solomon's Stables</a> area of the Temple Mount. These include stone weights for weighing silver and a First Temple period <a href="/wiki/Bulla_(seal)" title="Bulla (seal)">bulla</a>, or seal impression.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2019)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Solomon%27s_Temple#Nice,_but_how_do_they_serve_as_proof_that_the_First_Temple_stood_on_Temple_Mt?" title="Talk:Solomon's Temple">discuss</a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objects_found_next_to_the_Temple_Mount">Objects found next to the Temple Mount</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Objects found next to the Temple Mount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2018 and a few years previously, two First Temple period stone weights used for weighing half-<a href="/wiki/Shekel" title="Shekel">shekel</a> Temple donations were found during excavations under <a href="/wiki/Robinson%27s_Arch" title="Robinson's Arch">Robinson's Arch</a> at the foot of the Temple Mount. The tiny artifacts, inscribed with the word <i>beka</i>, which is known from related contexts in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, were used to weigh silver pieces on a <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale#Balance_scales" title="Weighing scale">scale</a>, possibly at the very spot where they were unearthed.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leen_Ritmeyer" title="Leen Ritmeyer">Leen Ritmeyer</a> has suggested that one of the steps leading to the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> is actually the top of a remaining stone course of the western wall of the pre-Herodian Temple Mount platform, which may be dated to the First Temple period.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2007, artifacts dating to the 8th to 6th centuries BCE were described as being possibly the first physical evidence of human activity at the Temple Mount during the First Temple period. The findings included animal bones, <a href="/wiki/Juglet" class="mw-redirect" title="Juglet">juglet</a> and ceramic bowl fragments, as well as the rim of a storage jar.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Islam">In Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> refers to Solomon's Temple in the seventh verse of <a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surah</a> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Isra%27" title="Al-Isra'">Al-Isrāʾ</a></i></span> (The Night Journey, aka Bani Israil):<sup id="cite_ref-:3_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If you [the Children of Israel] act rightly, it is for your own good, but if you do wrong, it is to your own loss. And when the second warning would come to pass, your enemies would ˹be left to˺ totally disgrace you and enter the Temple ˹of Jerusalem˺ as they entered it the first time, and utterly destroy whatever would fall into their hands.</p></blockquote> <p>Quranic commentators such as <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur</a> have postulated that this verse refers specifically to the Temple of Solomon.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the narrative in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> was originally a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon</a> and built by <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a></i></span> on the commandment of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allah</a>, with the purpose of serving as the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qibla</a></i></span> of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>. In the early years of Islam, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Prophet Muhammad</a> and his followers faced <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> for prayers until the city of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> (specifically its <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>) superseded the former as the new <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qibla</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francois_Vatable,_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Francois_Vatable%2C_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Francois_Vatable%2C_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Francois_Vatable%2C_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Francois_Vatable%2C_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Francois_Vatable%2C_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Francois_Vatable%2C_reconstructie_van_de_tempel_van_Salomo_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of Solomon's Temple in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by the 16th-century French scholar <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vatable" title="François Vatable">François Vatable</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Freemasonry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism" title="Masonic ritual and symbolism">Rituals in Freemasonry</a> refer to King Solomon and the building of his Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Masonic buildings, where lodges and their members meet, are sometimes called "temples"; an allegoric reference to King Solomon's Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Kabbalah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> views the design of the Temple of Solomon as representative of the metaphysical world and the descending light of the creator through <a href="/wiki/Sefirot" title="Sefirot">Sefirot</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)" title="Tree of life (Kabbalah)">Tree of Life</a>. The levels of the outer, inner and priest's courts represent three lower worlds of Kabbalah. The <a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a> pillars at the entrance of the temple represent the active and passive elements of the world of <a href="/wiki/Atziluth" title="Atziluth">Atziluth</a>. The original <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">menorah</a> and its seven branches represent the seven lower Sephirot of the Tree of Life. The veil of the Holy of Holies and the inner part of the temple represent the Veil of the <a href="/wiki/Abyss_(religion)" title="Abyss (religion)">Abyss</a> on the Tree of Life, behind which the <a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">Shekhinah</a> or Divine Presence hovers.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_2">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg/220px-Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg/330px-Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg/440px-Monasterio_de_El_Escorial_en_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5815" data-file-height="3877" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a> was designed to emulate Solomon's Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>Biblical descriptions of the temple have inspired <a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">modern replicas</a> and influenced later structures around the world. <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a>, a historical residence of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">King of Spain</a> built in the 16th century was constructed from a plan based on the descriptions of Solomon's temple.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same architectural layout of the temple was adopted in <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> leading to the <i>hekhal</i> being applied in <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> usage to the Ashkenazi <a href="/wiki/Torah_ark" title="Torah ark">Torah ark</a>, the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solomon's Temple appears in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Sheba" title="Solomon and Sheba">Solomon and Sheba</a></i> (1959). It also appears in the <i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed" title="Assassin's Creed">Assassin's Creed</a></i> video game series.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_contemporary_temples">Other contemporary temples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other contemporary temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is archaeological and written evidence of three Israelite temples, either contemporary or of very close date, dedicated to Yahweh (Elephantine temple, probably Arad too), either in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> or in Egypt. Two of them have the same general outline as given by the Bible for the Jerusalem Temple. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad#Sanctuary_at_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Israelite temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>, 10th to 8th/7th century BCE<sup id="cite_ref-Negev_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negev-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and possibly dedicated to Yahweh<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Elephantine_papyri_and_ostraca#Jewish_temple_at_Elephantine" title="Elephantine papyri and ostraca">Jewish temple at Elephantine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, already standing in 525 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Israelite <a href="/wiki/Tel_Motza_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Motza temple">temple at Tel Motza</a>, c. 750 BCE discovered in 2012 a few kilometres west of Jerusalem.</li> <li>Several Iron Age temples have been found in the region that have striking similarities to the Temple of King Solomon. In particular the <a href="/wiki/Ain_Dara_(archaeological_site)" title="Ain Dara (archaeological site)">Ain Dara temple</a> in northern Syria with a similar age, size, plan and decorations.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aish_tamid" title="Aish tamid">Aish tamid</a>, eternal flame on Temple altar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Jewish Temples">List of Jewish Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a>, spiraling column</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_shamir" title="Solomon's shamir">Solomon's shamir</a>, worm or a substance that had the power to cut through or disintegrate stone, iron and diamond</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a>, Palestinian theory</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persons">Persons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Persons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Elboim" title="Yosef Elboim">Yosef Elboim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places">Places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriah" title="Moriah">Mount Moriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloam_tunnel" title="Siloam tunnel">Siloam tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloam_inscription" title="Siloam inscription">Siloam inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontopolis_(Heliopolis)" title="Leontopolis (Heliopolis)">Leontopolis Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Temple">Samaritan Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age_temples_from_the_region">Iron Age temples from the region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Iron Age temples from the region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Dara_(archaeological_site)" title="Ain Dara (archaeological site)">'Ain Dara</a> temple<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a> (Temple D)<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emar" title="Emar">Emar</a> temple<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbaqat" title="Mumbaqat">Mumbaqat</a> temple<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_121-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tayinat" title="Tell Tayinat">Tell Tayinat</a> temple (8th century BCE)<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_121-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTemple_of_Jerusalem"><i>Temple of Jerusalem</i></a>: totally destroyed the building in 587/586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Britannica:_Holy_of_Holies''_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritannica:_Holy_of_Holies"><i>Britannica: Holy of Holies</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Temple_of_Jerusalem''_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTemple_of_Jerusalem"><i>Temple of Jerusalem</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20192-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20192_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019">Garfinkel & Mumcuoglu 2019</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Ussishkin In: A.G. Vaughn and A.E. Killebrew (eds.), Solomon's Jerusalem: The Text and the Facts on the Ground. <i>Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology</i>; <i>The First Temple Period</i>, Atlanta, 2003, pp. 103–115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, p. 128: Moreover, for all their reported wealth and power, neither David nor Solomon is mentioned in a single known Egyptian or Mesopotamian text. And the archaeological evidence in Jerusalem for the famous building projects of Solomon is nonexistent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200845-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200845_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLundquist2008">Lundquist 2008</a>, p. 45: The single most important fact regarding the Temple of Solomon is that there are no physical remains of the structure. There is not a single object or artifact that can be indubitably connected with the Temple of Solomon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFT._C._Mitchell1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Mitchell" title="Terence Mitchell">T. C. Mitchell</a> (1992). "Judah Until the Fall of Jerusalem". In John Boardman; I. E. S. Edwards; E. Sollberger; N. G. L. Hammond (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22717-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22717-9"><bdi>978-0-521-22717-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Judah+Until+the+Fall+of+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History%2C+Volume+3%2C+Part+2%3A+The+Assyrian+and+Babylonian+Empires+and+Other+States+of+the+Near+East%2C+from+the+Eighth+to+the+Sixth+Centuries+BC&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22717-9&rft.au=T.+C.+Mitchell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDever2001">Dever 2001</a>, p. 212: it may refer to the temple in Jerusalem; <a href="#CITEREFBoardmanEdwardsSollberger1992">Boardman, Edwards & Sollberger 1992</a>, p. 400: 'house of Yahweh', probably the Temple at Jerusalem; <a href="#CITEREFKingStager2001">King & Stager 2001</a>, p. 314: There was a temple at Arad, but it may have been demolished about 700 BCE, well before the Arad Ostraca</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapira2018" class="citation journal cs1">Shapira, David (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidshapira.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/100610_Bior_2018_1-2-Article-Shapira-3.pdf">"The Moza Temple and Solomon's Temple"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bibliotheca Orientalis</i>. <b>75</b> (1–2): 25–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bibliotheca+Orientalis&rft.atitle=The+Moza+Temple+and+Solomon%27s+Temple&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=25-48&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Shapira&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidshapira.co.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2F100610_Bior_2018_1-2-Article-Shapira-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019">Garfinkel & Mumcuoglu 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batiuk2005-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Batiuk2005_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Batiuk, S., Harrison, T E, and Pavlish, L., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/OIP_131.pdf">The Ta'yinat Survey, 1999-2002</a>, in The Amuq Valley Regional Projects, Volume 1: Surveys in the Plain of Antioch and Orontes Delta, Turkey, 1995–2002, Oriental Institute Publications 131, pp. 171-192, Oriental Institute, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess19992-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hess19992_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monson, John M. "The Temple of Solomon: Heart of Jerusalem", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lk_xLfQ_SRAC&pg=PA16">C. The Ain Dara Temple: A New Parallel from Syria</a>, pp. 10, 16. In "Zion, city of our God", Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999), editors: Hess, Richard S. & Wenham, Gordon J. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2">978-0-8028-4426-2</a>. Retrieved 15 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Temple-of-Jerusalem">"Temple of Jerusalem | Description, History, & Significance | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Jerusalem+%7C+Description%2C+History%2C+%26+Significance+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTemple-of-Jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel Finkelstein <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z-7qKFTOys"><span class="plainlinks">Jerusalem in Biblical Times...1350–100 B.C.E. – Israel Finkelstein</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCormick2002-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCormick2002_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford_Mark_McCormick2002" class="citation book cs1">Clifford Mark McCormick (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UwYu6oITBZsC&pg=PA31"><i>Palace and Temple: A Study of Architectural and Verbal Icons</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 31–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-017277-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-017277-5"><bdi>978-3-11-017277-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palace+and+Temple%3A+A+Study+of+Architectural+and+Verbal+Icons&rft.pages=31-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017277-5&rft.au=Clifford+Mark+McCormick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUwYu6oITBZsC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETetley2005105-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETetley2005105_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTetley2005">Tetley 2005</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendels1987131_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendels1987">Mendels 1987</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDever2005">Dever 2005</a>, p. 97; <a href="#CITEREFMendels1987">Mendels 1987</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFBrandMitchell2015">Brand & Mitchell 2015</a>, p. 1538</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018285_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKalimi2018">Kalimi 2018</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell20151538-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell20151538_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrandMitchell2015">Brand & Mitchell 2015</a>, p. 1538.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell2015622-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrandMitchell2015622_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrandMitchell2015">Brand & Mitchell 2015</a>, p. 622.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1K9:13-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1K9:13_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1K9:13_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Kings%209:13">1 Kings 9:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter20181087-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter20181087_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlter2018">Alter 2018</a>, p. 1087.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018286-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalimi2018286_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKalimi2018">Kalimi 2018</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, W. E. (1899), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/2_chronicles/5.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on 2 Chronicles 5, accessed 17 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PComm-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PComm_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PComm_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PComm_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/8.htm">Pulpit Commentary on 1 Kings 8</a>, accessed 2 October 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lumby, J. R. (1886), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/1_kings/8.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on 1 Kings 8, accessed 18 April 2020, although the reference quoted here is Leviticus 16:3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+8:63&version=nkjv">1 Kings 8:63</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+7:5&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 7:5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+7:7&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 7:7</a>: dimensions are not stated in 1 Kings</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+8:64&version=nkjv">1 Kings 8:64</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+7:7&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 7:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/2_chronicles/4.htm">Pulpit Commentary on 2 Chronicles 4</a>, accessed 19 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+8:65&version=nkjv">1 Kings 8:65</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+7:8&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 7:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, A., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/2_chronicles/7.htm">Barnes' Notes</a> on 2 Chronicles 7, accessed 19 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+7:8&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 7:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathys, H. P., <i>1 and 2 Chronicles</i> in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43">The Oxford Bible Commentary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43">Archived</a> 22 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+9:7&version=nkjv">1 Kings 9:7</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+7:20&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 7:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+24:13&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 24:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al., eds. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/110-ab-ninth-day-of">"Ab, Ninth Day of"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ab%2C+Ninth+Day+of&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F110-ab-ninth-day-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14308-temple-in-rabbinical-literature">"Temple In Rabbinical Literature"</a>. JewishEncyclopedia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+In+Rabbinical+Literature&rft.pub=JewishEncyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F14308-temple-in-rabbinical-literature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeisen2004" class="citation cs2">Yeisen, Yosef (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lsVajEtaQ0C&q=Miraculous+journey:+a+complete+history+of+the+Jewish+people+from+creation+to"><i>Miraculous journey: a complete history of the Jewish people from creation to the present</i></a>, Targum Press, p. 56, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56871-323-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56871-323-6"><bdi>978-1-56871-323-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miraculous+journey%3A+a+complete+history+of+the+Jewish+people+from+creation+to+the+present&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Targum+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-56871-323-6&rft.aulast=Yeisen&rft.aufirst=Yosef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7lsVajEtaQ0C%26q%3DMiraculous%2Bjourney%3A%2Ba%2Bcomplete%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BJewish%2Bpeople%2Bfrom%2Bcreation%2Bto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Jew. Ant. 10.8.5</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagnani2019" class="citation book cs1">Bagnani, Gilbert (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.3138/9781487576813-010/html">"8. The Molten Sea of Solomon's Temple"</a>. <i>The Seed of Wisdom</i>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 114–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2F9781487576813-010">10.3138/9781487576813-010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-7681-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-7681-3"><bdi>978-1-4875-7681-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.+The+Molten+Sea+of+Solomon%27s+Temple&rft.btitle=The+Seed+of+Wisdom&rft.pages=114-117&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2F9781487576813-010&rft.isbn=978-1-4875-7681-3&rft.aulast=Bagnani&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.3138%2F9781487576813-010%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarfinkelMumcuoglu2013" class="citation journal cs1">Garfinkel, Yosef; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine (2013). "Triglyphs and Recessed Doorframes on a Building Model from Khirbet Qeiyafa: New Light on Two Technical Terms in the Biblical Descriptions of Solomon's Palace and Temple". <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>63</b> (2): 135–163. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-2059">0021-2059</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43855892">43855892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=Triglyphs+and+Recessed+Doorframes+on+a+Building+Model+from+Khirbet+Qeiyafa%3A+New+Light+on+Two+Technical+Terms+in+the+Biblical+Descriptions+of+Solomon%27s+Palace+and+Temple&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=135-163&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43855892%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-2059&rft.aulast=Garfinkel&rft.aufirst=Yosef&rft.au=Mumcuoglu%2C+Madeleine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkelstein-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finkelstein_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Finkelstein in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_Unearthed" title="The Bible Unearthed">The Bible Unearthed</a></i>, the description of the temple is remarkably similar to that of surviving remains of Phoenician temples of the time, and it is certainly plausible, from the point of view of archaeology, that the temple was constructed to the design of <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalem1997" class="citation web cs1">Shalem, Yisrael (March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009154903/https://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_3.html">"Jerusalem in the First Temple period (c. 1000–586 B.C.E.)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_3.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+the+First+Temple+period+%28c.+1000%E2%80%93586+B.C.E.%29&rft.date=1997-03&rft.aulast=Shalem&rft.aufirst=Yisrael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJS%2Frennert%2Fhistory_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200848-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200848_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLundquist2008">Lundquist 2008</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu201910_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019">Garfinkel & Mumcuoglu 2019</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELundquist200849-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200849_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELundquist200849_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLundquist2008">Lundquist 2008</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarzer2001485_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwarzer2001">Schwarzer 2001</a>, p. 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Vaux1961_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Vaux1961">De Vaux 1961</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-je-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-je_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8926-josiah">"Josiah"</a>, <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i> (1906).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Wintle2015" class="citation book cs1">Brian Wintle (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6PcQBwAAQBAJ"><i>South Asia Bible Commentary A One-Volume Commentary on the Whole Bible</i></a>. Open Doors Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-55962-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-55962-7"><bdi>978-0-310-55962-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asia+Bible+Commentary+A+One-Volume+Commentary+on+the+Whole+Bible&rft.pub=Open+Doors+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-310-55962-7&rft.au=Brian+Wintle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6PcQBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney, Marvin A. King Josiah of Judah, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 137. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513324-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513324-0">978-0-19-513324-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErik_Eynikel1996" class="citation book cs1">Erik Eynikel (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fl9dYJH_xUYC"><i>The Reform of King Josiah and the Composition of the Deuteronomistic History</i></a>. E.J. Brill. pp. 227–228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10266-8"><bdi>978-90-04-10266-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reform+of+King+Josiah+and+the+Composition+of+the+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.pages=227-228&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10266-8&rft.au=Erik+Eynikel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFl9dYJH_xUYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Viegas" class="citation news cs1">Jennifer Viegas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42154769">"Did God Have A Wife? Scholar says that he did"</a>. NBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Did+God+Have+A+Wife%3F+Scholar+says+that+he+did&rft.au=Jennifer+Viegas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna42154769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2005-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2005_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDever2005">Dever 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2002125-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002125_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002125_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2002">Smith 2002</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowrey-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lowrey_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_H._Lowery1991" class="citation book cs1">Richard H. Lowery (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=03atAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Reforming Kings: Cults and Society in First Temple Judah</i></a>. JSOT Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-318-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-318-6"><bdi>978-1-85075-318-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reforming+Kings%3A+Cults+and+Society+in+First+Temple+Judah&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=JSOT+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85075-318-6&rft.au=Richard+H.+Lowery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D03atAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_Baker2012" class="citation book cs1">Margaret Baker (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n_MyzX2QNr8C"><i>The Mother of the Lord</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-48990-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-48990-6"><bdi>978-0-567-48990-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mother+of+the+Lord&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-567-48990-6&rft.au=Margaret+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn_MyzX2QNr8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarel_van_der_ToornBob_BeckingPieter_Willem_van_der_Horst1999" class="citation book cs1">Karel van der Toorn; Bob Becking; Pieter Willem van der Horst (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C"><i>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 932. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2491-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2491-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-2491-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=932&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2491-2&rft.au=Karel+van+der+Toorn&rft.au=Bob+Becking&rft.au=Pieter+Willem+van+der+Horst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCkRz5pfxz0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Smith1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mark Smith (1990). "The Near Eastern Background of Solar Language for Yahweh". <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i>. <b>109</b> (1): 29–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3267327">10.2307/3267327</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3267327">3267327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Near+Eastern+Background+of+Solar+Language+for+Yahweh&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-39&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3267327&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3267327%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mark+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._Johannes_BotterweckHelmer_RinggrenHeinz-Josef_Fabry1974" class="citation book cs1">G. Johannes Botterweck; Helmer Ringgren; Heinz-Josef Fabry (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=63BP9RPm26sC"><i>Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Volume 15</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2339-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2339-7"><bdi>978-0-8028-2339-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament%2C+Volume+15&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2339-7&rft.au=G.+Johannes+Botterweck&rft.au=Helmer+Ringgren&rft.au=Heinz-Josef+Fabry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D63BP9RPm26sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchtemeierBoraas1996" class="citation cs2">Achtemeier, Paul J.; Boraas, Roger S. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewsforjudaism.org/knowledge/articles/answers/jewish-polemics/texts/scriptural-studies/leviticus-1711/">the original</a> on 30 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jews+for+Judaism&rft.atitle=Leviticus+17%3A11&rft.au=Rabbi+Michael+Skobac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewsforjudaism.org%2Fknowledge%2Farticles%2Fanswers%2Fjewish-polemics%2Ftexts%2Fscriptural-studies%2Fleviticus-1711%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150129185528/http://beithamikdash.org.il/קרבנות/עבודות-הקורבן">"בית המקדש – עבודות הקורבן"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beithamikdash.org.il/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%9F">the original</a> on 29 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9+%E2%80%93+%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeithamikdash.org.il%2F%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA%2F%25D7%25A2%25D7%2591%25D7%2595%25D7%2593%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA-%25D7%2594%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591%25D7%259F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris_Jastrow1906" class="citation book cs1">Morris Jastrow; et al. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azazel&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Morris+Jastrow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F2203-azazel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTia_Ghose2013" class="citation news cs1">Tia Ghose (4 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/sciencemain/animal-sacrifice-temple-powered-ancient-jerusalems-economy-8C11073738">"Animal sacrifice at temple powered ancient Jerusalem's economy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Animal+sacrifice+at+temple+powered+ancient+Jerusalem%27s+economy&rft.date=2013-09-04&rft.au=Tia+Ghose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fsciencemain%2Fanimal-sacrifice-temple-powered-ancient-jerusalems-economy-8C11073738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Warren, Charles</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undergroundjerus00warruoft"><i>Underground Jerusalem: An Account of Some of the Principal Difficulties Encountered in Its Exploration and the Results Obtained. With a Narrative of an Expedition through the Jordan Valley and a Visit to the Samaritans</i></a>. London: Richard Bentley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underground+Jerusalem%3A+An+Account+of+Some+of+the+Principal+Difficulties+Encountered+in+Its+Exploration+and+the+Results+Obtained.+With+a+Narrative+of+an+Expedition+through+the+Jordan+Valley+and+a+Visit+to+the+Samaritans&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fundergroundjerus00warruoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langmeadp314-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Langmeadp314_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangmeadGarnaut2001" class="citation book cs1">Langmead, Donald; Garnaut, Christine (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar0000lang"><i>Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats</i></a></span> (3rd, illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar0000lang/page/314">314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-112-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-112-0"><bdi>978-1-57607-112-0</bdi></a>. <q>solomon's temple.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Architectural+and+Engineering+Feats&rft.pages=314&rft.edition=3rd%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-112-0&rft.aulast=Langmead&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Garnaut%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofar0000lang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandy1997" class="citation book cs1">Handy, Lowell (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gam10TAOZusC&q=temple+of+solomon+non-biblical++contemporary&pg=PA494"><i>The Age of Solomon: Scholarship at the Turn of the Millennium</i></a>. Brill. pp. 493–494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10476-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10476-1"><bdi>978-90-04-10476-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Solomon%3A+Scholarship+at+the+Turn+of+the+Millennium&rft.pages=493-494&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10476-1&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgam10TAOZusC%26q%3Dtemple%2Bof%2Bsolomon%2Bnon-biblical%2B%2Bcontemporary%26pg%3DPA494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128–129-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002128–129_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, pp. 128–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002190-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002190_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2001145ff-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2001145ff_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDever2001">Dever 2001</a>, pp. 145ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2017" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. 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SBL Press. pp. 350–352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88414-217-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88414-217-1"><bdi>978-0-88414-217-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Texts%3A+An+Archaeological+Portrait+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.pages=350-352&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-88414-217-1&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmog6DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2020" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39HoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT128"><i>Has Archaeology Buried the Bible?</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-5949-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-5949-5"><bdi>978-1-4674-5949-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Has+Archaeology+Buried+the+Bible%3F&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4674-5949-5&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39HoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mazar, Amihai (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/23199258">"Archaeology and the Bible: Reflections on Historical Memory in the Deuteronomistic History"</a>. <i>Congress Volume Munich 2013</i>: 347–369. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004281226_015">10.1163/9789004281226_015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28122-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28122-6"><bdi>978-90-04-28122-6</bdi></a>. <q>The plan of Solomon's temple in Jerusalem asdescribed in 1 Kgs 8 recalls principles of temple architectural traditions alreadyknown in the Levant in the second millennium, that continue into the Iron Age in northern Syria. Of course, archaeology cannot determine whether Solomon was the builder of the temple, but we should recall that the Bible does not hint at any other king who may have founded such a temple. Though the description of the temple is much exaggerated, its initial foundation during the Solomonic era remains a conceivable historical memory</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congress+Volume+Munich+2013&rft.atitle=Archaeology+and+the+Bible%3A+Reflections+on+Historical+Memory+in+the+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.pages=347-369&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004281226_015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-28122-6&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Amihai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F23199258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20198-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarfinkelMumcuoglu20198_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019">Garfinkel & Mumcuoglu 2019</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porzoa-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porzoa_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porzoa_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porzoa_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porzoa_87-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorziaBonnet2017" class="citation journal cs1">Porzia, Fabio; Bonnet, Corinne (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/336">"The Jerusalem temple between "theology" and archaeology: which issues, what dialogue?"</a>. <i>Palethnologie. Archéologie et sciences humaines</i> (9). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fpalethnologie.336">10.4000/palethnologie.336</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2108-6532">2108-6532</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149472579">149472579</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palethnologie.+Arch%C3%A9ologie+et+sciences+humaines&rft.atitle=The+Jerusalem+temple+between+%22theology%22+and+archaeology%3A+which+issues%2C+what+dialogue%3F&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149472579%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2108-6532&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fpalethnologie.336&rft.aulast=Porzia&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rft.au=Bonnet%2C+Corinne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fpalethnologie%2F336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyre2004" class="citation news cs1">Myre, Greg (30 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/30/international/middleeast/30mideast.html">"Israel Indicts 4 in 'Brother of Jesus' Hoax and Other Forgeries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+Indicts+4+in+%27Brother+of+Jesus%27+Hoax+and+Other+Forgeries&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft.aulast=Myre&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F30%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F30mideast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4123595.stm">"Ivory pomegranate 'not Solomon's<span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 December 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ivory+pomegranate+%27not+Solomon%27s%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F4123595.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanks2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hershel_Shanks" title="Hershel Shanks">Shanks, Hershel</a> (November–December 2011). "Fudging with Forgeries". <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>. <b>37</b> (6): 56–58. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0098-9444">0098-9444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=Fudging+with+Forgeries&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=56-58&rft.date=2011-11%2F2011-12&rft.issn=0098-9444&rft.aulast=Shanks&rft.aufirst=Hershel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanks2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hershel_Shanks" title="Hershel Shanks">Shanks, Hershel</a> (November–December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/authentic-or-forged-what-to-do-when-experts-disagree/">"Authentic or Forged? What to Do When Experts Disagree"</a>. <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>. First Person (column). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0098-9444">0098-9444</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=Authentic+or+Forged%3F+What+to+Do+When+Experts+Disagree&rft.date=2012-11%2F2012-12&rft.issn=0098-9444&rft.aulast=Shanks&rft.aufirst=Hershel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fbiblical-artifacts%2Fauthentic-or-forged-what-to-do-when-experts-disagree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus</i>, pp. 199–200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus Flavius<i>, Against Apion</i> 1:17 (108)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowton1950" class="citation journal cs1">Rowton, M. B. (1 October 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/3218801">"The Date of the Founding of Solomon's Temple"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. <b>119</b> (119): 20–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3218801">10.2307/3218801</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-097X">0003-097X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3218801">3218801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163929972">163929972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=The+Date+of+the+Founding+of+Solomon%27s+Temple&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=119&rft.pages=20-22&rft.date=1950-10-01&rft.issn=0003-097X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163929972%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3218801%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3218801&rft.aulast=Rowton&rft.aufirst=M.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.2307%2F3218801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge_Lancel1995" class="citation book cs1">Serge Lancel (1995). <i>Carthage</i>. Translated by Antonia Nevill. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 20–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carthage&rft.pages=20-23&rft.pub=Oxford%3A+Blackwell&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Serge+Lancel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Picard, <i>Life and Death of Carthage</i> (1968, 1969) at 28–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Clarity, 2012, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShragai2006" class="citation news cs1">Shragai, Nadav (19 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.4923056">"Temple Mount dirt uncovers First Temple artifacts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Temple+Mount+dirt+uncovers+First+Temple+artifacts&rft.date=2006-10-19&rft.aulast=Shragai&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F1.4923056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Schuster, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/MAGAZINE-second-first-temple-weight-this-one-with-mirror-writing-found-in-jerusalem-sifting-1.6676037">Another First Temple Weight, This One With Mirror Writing, Found in Jerusalem Sifting Project</a>, Haaretz, 21 November 2018, accessed 11 February 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/straight-from-the-bible-tiny-first-temple-stone-weight-unearthed-in-jerusalem">"Straight from the Bible: Tiny First Temple stone weight unearthed in Jerusalem"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Straight+from+the+Bible%3A+Tiny+First+Temple+stone+weight+unearthed+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fstraight-from-the-bible-tiny-first-temple-stone-weight-unearthed-in-jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGershom2014" class="citation book cs1">Gershom, Gorenberg (2014). <i>The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount</i>. Free Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1621-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1621-0"><bdi>978-0-7432-1621-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/893162043">893162043</a>. <q>To locate the Temple, Ritmeyer used Mazar's work, and the explorations of Captain Warren, and more evidence he found himself. A key clue: On the northwest corner of the platform where the Dome of the Rock stands, there's a set of stairs. The stairs are at an odd angle to the platform—because the bottom step, Ritmeyer discovered, is really a building stone marking a pre-Herodian wall. The wall, he found, was precisely parallel to the eastern wall of the Mount, and by one standard measure of a cubit, the two walls are five hundred cubits apart. Ritmeyer was beginning to map out the original Temple Mount, from before the time of Herod. Another clue: In the eastern wall, Warren had found just the slightest bend, marking the point where the wall once ended. That was the southeastern corner of the original Mount</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Days%3A+Fundamentalism+and+the+Struggle+for+the+Temple+Mount&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F893162043&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1621-0&rft.aulast=Gershom&rft.aufirst=Gorenberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitmeyer2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ritmeyer, Leen (24 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/18/2/1">"Locating the Original Temple Mount"</a>. <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>. <b>18</b> (2) (published 1992). <q>Accordingly, the ashlar in this step/wall gave a strong impression of being pre-Herodian. It looked very much like the lowest masonry in the central section of the eastern wall of the Temple Mount, near the Golden Gate. I therefore proposed that this step was actually a section of a wall—part of the western wall of the pre-Herodian, perhaps First Temple-period, Temple Mount.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=Locating+the+Original+Temple+Mount&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft.aulast=Ritmeyer&rft.aufirst=Leen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baslibrary.org%2Fbiblical-archaeology-review%2F18%2F2%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925030435/http://www.archaeology.org.il/news40.html">"Temple Mount First Temple Period Discoveries"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+Mount+First+Temple+Period+Discoveries&rft.pub=The+Friends+of+the+Israel+Antiquities+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org.il%2Fnews40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilstein2007" class="citation web cs1">Milstein, Mati (23 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025022332/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/071023-jerusalem-artifacts.html">"Solomon's Temple Artifacts Found by Muslim Workers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic News</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freemasons+NSW+%26+ACT+%E2%80%93+Home&rft.pub=Masons.org.au&rft.au=Invalid+Input&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masons.org.au%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Way of Kabbalah</i>, Warren Kenton, Z'ev ben Shimon Halevi, Weiser Books, 1976, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Rafael_de_la_Cuadra_Blanco2005" class="citation book cs1">Juan Rafael de la Cuadra Blanco (2005). <i>"King Philip of Spain as Solomon the Second. The origins of Solomonism of the Escorial in the Netherlands", en The Seventh Window. The King's Window donated by Phillip II and Mary Tudor to Sint Janskerk (1557), pp. 169–180</i> (concept & editing Wim de Groot, Verloren Publishers, Hilversum ed.). Uitgeverij Verloren. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6550-822-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-6550-822-8"><bdi>90-6550-822-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22King+Philip+of+Spain+as+Solomon+the+Second.+The+origins+of+Solomonism+of+the+Escorial+in+the+Netherlands%22%2C+en+The+Seventh+Window.+The+King%27s+Window+donated+by+Phillip+II+and+Mary+Tudor+to+Sint+Janskerk+%281557%29%2C+pp.+169%E2%80%93180&rft.edition=concept+%26+editing+Wim+de+Groot%2C+Verloren+Publishers%2C+Hilversum&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Verloren&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=90-6550-822-8&rft.au=Juan+Rafael+de+la+Cuadra+Blanco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meir Ben-Dov, <i>The Golden Age: Synagogues of Spain in History and Architecture</i>, 2009: "Among <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazic Jewry</a>, even though these two were the main foci of the synagogue, the terms used for them were different. The hekhal (literally, "the Temple") was known as the aron ha-kodesh (literally, ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowden2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Bowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Bowden">Bowden, Oliver</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5unqr93gYBQC"><i>Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin UK">Penguin UK</a>. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-196671-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-196671-7"><bdi>978-0-14-196671-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assassin%27s+Creed%3A+The+Secret+Crusade&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-14-196671-7&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5unqr93gYBQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDansereauLoweNadigerPodar2011" class="citation book cs1">Dansereau, François; Lowe, Ivan; Nadiger, James; Podar, Nitai; Sutton, Megan; Whelton-Pane, Johathan; Wright, William (2011). <i>Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/UbiWorkshop" class="mw-redirect" title="UbiWorkshop">UbiWorkshop</a>. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-924006-03-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-924006-03-0"><bdi>978-2-924006-03-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assassin%27s+Creed+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=UbiWorkshop&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2-924006-03-0&rft.aulast=Dansereau&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Nadiger%2C+James&rft.au=Podar%2C+Nitai&rft.au=Sutton%2C+Megan&rft.au=Whelton-Pane%2C+Johathan&rft.au=Wright%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorley" class="citation magazine cs1">Worley, Seth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biogamergirl.com/2014/11/assassins-creed-unity-video-game-review.html">"Assassin's Creed Unity (Video Game Review)"</a>. <i>BioGamer Girl Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2001). "Arad (Tel)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l3JtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land</i></a>. New York and London: Continuum. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1316-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1316-1"><bdi>0-8264-1316-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arad+%28Tel%29&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8264-1316-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl3JtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/extremely-rare-pottery-shard-hid-an-even-rarer-surprise-1.5484835">"Extremely Rare Pottery Shard Hid an Even Rarer Surprise"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 15 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Extremely+Rare+Pottery+Shard+Hid+an+Even+Rarer+Surprise&rft.date=2017-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Farchaeology%2Fextremely-rare-pottery-shard-hid-an-even-rarer-surprise-1.5484835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar, Amihai. "The Divided Monarchy: Comments on Some Archaeological Issues." pp. 159–180 in <i>The Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archaeology and the History of Early Israel (Archaeology and Biblical Studies)</i> Society of Biblical Literature (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-277-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-277-0">978-1-58983-277-0</a> p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204205332/http://ancientsudan.org/articles_jewish_elephantine.html">"Ancient Sudan~ Nubia: Investigating the Origin of the Ancient Jewish Community at Elephantine: A Review"</a>. <i>www.ancientsudan.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancientsudan.org&rft.atitle=Ancient+Sudan~+Nubia%3A+Investigating+the+Origin+of+the+Ancient+Jewish+Community+at+Elephantine%3A+A+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientsudan.org%2Farticles_jewish_elephantine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/temple-at-jerusalem/searching-for-the-temple-of-king-solomon/">"Searching for the Temple of King Solomon"</a>. Biblical Archaeology Society. 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Searching+for+the+Temple+of+King+Solomon&rft.pub=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fbiblical-sites-places%2Ftemple-at-jerusalem%2Fsearching-for-the-temple-of-king-solomon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess1999-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_121-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_121-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_121-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monson, John M. "The Temple of Solomon: Heart of Jerusalem", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lk_xLfQ_SRAC&pg=PA16">C. The Ain Dara Temple: A New Parallel from Syria</a>, pp. 12–16. In "Zion, city of our God", Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999), editors: Hess, Richard S. & Wenham, Gordon J. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2">978-0-8028-4426-2</a>. Retrieved 15 February 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2018" class="citation book cs1">Alter, Robert (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S75SDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1087"><i>The Hebrew Bible: A Translation with Commentary (Vol. Three-Volume Set)</i></a>. W. W. Norton. pp. 1087–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-29250-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-29250-3"><bdi>978-0-393-29250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hebrew+Bible%3A+A+Translation+with+Commentary+%28Vol.+Three-Volume+Set%29&rft.pages=1087-&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-393-29250-3&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS75SDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoardmanEdwardsSollberger1992" class="citation book cs1">Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S.; Sollberger, E. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OGBGauNBK8kC&pg=PA400"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 400–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22717-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22717-9"><bdi>978-0-521-22717-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pages=400-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22717-9&rft.aulast=Boardman&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Edwards%2C+I.+E.+S.&rft.au=Sollberger%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOGBGauNBK8kC%26pg%3DPA400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandMitchell2015" class="citation book cs1">Brand, Chad; Mitchell, Eric (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jgxCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA622"><i>Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary</i></a>. B&H Publishing Group. pp. 622–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-9935-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-9935-3"><bdi>978-0-8054-9935-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holman+Illustrated+Bible+Dictionary&rft.pages=622-&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-9935-3&rft.aulast=Brand&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjgxCDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Vaux1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roland_De_Vaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland De Vaux">De Vaux, Roland</a> (1961). John McHugh (ed.). <i>Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions</i>. NY: McGraw-Hill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israel%3A+Its+Life+and+Institutions&rft.place=NY&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=De+Vaux&rft.aufirst=Roland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_G._Dever" title="William G. Dever">Dever, William G.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IGR7-OSz7bUC&pg=PA97"><i>Did God Have a Wife?: Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Wm._B._Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wm. B. Eerdmans">Wm. B. Eerdmans</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2852-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2852-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-2852-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+God+Have+a+Wife%3F%3A+Archaeology+and+Folk+Religion+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2852-1&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIGR7-OSz7bUC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2001" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC"><i>What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2126-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2126-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-2126-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Did+the+Biblical+Writers+Know+and+When+Did+They+Know+It%3F%3A+What+Archeology+Can+Tell+Us+About+the+Reality+of+Ancient+Israel&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2126-3&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6-VxwC5rQtwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC"><i>The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2338-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2338-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-2338-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Unearthed%3A+Archaeology%27s+New+Vision+of+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Origin+of+Sacred+Texts&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2338-6&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Silberman%2C+Neil+Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlu6ywyJr0CMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Hackett" title="Jo Ann Hackett">Hackett, Jo Ann</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DVHJRFW3mYC&pg=PA156">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'There Was No King In Israel': The Era of the Judges"</a>. In Coogan, Michael David (ed.). <i>The Oxford History of the Biblical World</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513937-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513937-2"><bdi>978-0-19-513937-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27There+Was+No+King+In+Israel%27%3A+The+Era+of+the+Judges&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Biblical+World&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513937-2&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Jo+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DVHJRFW3mYC%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalimi2018" class="citation book cs1">Kalimi, Isaac (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YR50DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA285"><i>Writing and Rewriting the Story of Solomon in Ancient Israel</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47126-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47126-8"><bdi>978-1-108-47126-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+and+Rewriting+the+Story+of+Solomon+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-108-47126-8&rft.aulast=Kalimi&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYR50DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingStager2001" class="citation book cs1">King, Philip J.; Stager, Lawrence E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OtOhypZz_pEC"><i>Life in Biblical Israel</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22148-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22148-5"><bdi>978-0-664-22148-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+in+Biblical+Israel&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22148-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft.au=Stager%2C+Lawrence+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOtOhypZz_pEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundquist2008" class="citation book cs1">Lundquist, John M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9VeCEwbNvsC&pg=PA45"><i>The Temple of Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 45–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98339-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98339-0"><bdi>978-0-275-98339-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temple+of+Jerusalem%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.pages=45-&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98339-0&rft.aulast=Lundquist&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9VeCEwbNvsC%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendels1987" class="citation book cs1">Mendels, D. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gnAWwn7HOvwC&pg=PA131"><i>The Land of Israel as a Political Concept in Hasmonean Literature: Recourse to History in Second Century B.C. Claims to the Holy Land</i></a>. Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum. J.C.B. Mohr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-145147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-145147-8"><bdi>978-3-16-145147-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+of+Israel+as+a+Political+Concept+in+Hasmonean+Literature%3A+Recourse+to+History+in+Second+Century+B.C.+Claims+to+the+Holy+Land&rft.series=Texte+und+Studien+zum+antiken+Judentum&rft.pub=J.C.B.+Mohr&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-3-16-145147-8&rft.aulast=Mendels&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgnAWwn7HOvwC%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Smith" title="Mark S. Smith">Smith, Mark S.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC"><i>The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel</i></a> (2nd ed.). Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3972-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3972-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-3972-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+God%3A+Yahweh+and+the+Other+Deities+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3972-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1yM3AuBh4AsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavrakopoulou2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Stavrakopoulou" title="Francesca Stavrakopoulou">Stavrakopoulou, Francesca</a> (2021). <i>God: An Anatomy</i>. Picador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-6734-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-6734-9"><bdi>978-1-5098-6734-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%3A+An+Anatomy&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5098-6734-9&rft.aulast=Stavrakopoulou&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTetley2005" class="citation book cs1">Tetley, M. Christine (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2lE-TlXv1gC&pg=PA105"><i>The Reconstructed Chronology of the Divided Kingdom</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. pp. 105–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-072-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-072-9"><bdi>978-1-57506-072-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstructed+Chronology+of+the+Divided+Kingdom&rft.pages=105-&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-072-9&rft.aulast=Tetley&rft.aufirst=M.+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn2lE-TlXv1gC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Keulen2005" class="citation book cs1">Van Keulen, P. S. F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wmRf03XAAkoC&pg=PA183"><i>Two Versions Of The Solomon Narrative: An Inquiry Into The Relationship Between MT 1kgs. 2-11 And LXX 3 Reg. 2-11</i></a>. Brill. pp. 183–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-13895-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-13895-1"><bdi>90-04-13895-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Versions+Of+The+Solomon+Narrative%3A+An+Inquiry+Into+The+Relationship+Between+MT+1kgs.+2-11+And+LXX+3+Reg.+2-11&rft.pages=183-&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=90-04-13895-1&rft.aulast=Van+Keulen&rft.aufirst=P.+S.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwmRf03XAAkoC%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarfinkelMumcuoglu2019" class="citation journal cs1">Garfinkel, Yosef; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10030198">"The Temple of Solomon in Iron Age Context"</a>. <i>Religions</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 198. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10030198">10.3390/rel10030198</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2077-1444">2077-1444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religions&rft.atitle=The+Temple+of+Solomon+in+Iron+Age+Context&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=198&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Frel10030198&rft.issn=2077-1444&rft.aulast=Garfinkel&rft.aufirst=Yosef&rft.au=Mumcuoglu%2C+Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Frel10030198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarzer2001" class="citation journal cs1">Schwarzer, Mitchell (1 December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.ucpress.edu/jsah/article-abstract/60/4/474/59528">"The Architecture of Talmud"</a>. <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i>. <b>60</b> (4): 474–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F991731">10.2307/991731</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-9808">0037-9808</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/991731">991731</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Architectural+Historians&rft.atitle=The+Architecture+of+Talmud&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=474-487&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.issn=0037-9808&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F991731%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F991731&rft.aulast=Schwarzer&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.ucpress.edu%2Fjsah%2Farticle-abstract%2F60%2F4%2F474%2F59528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_2">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="DRAPER_2010" class="citation journal cs1">Draper, Robert (December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207151204/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/12/david-and-solomon/draper-text">"Kings of Controversy"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>: 66–91. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-9358">0027-9358</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/12/david-and-solomon/draper-text">the original</a> on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Kings+of+Controversy&rft.pages=66-91&rft.date=2010-12&rft.issn=0027-9358&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2F2010%2F12%2Fdavid-and-solomon%2Fdraper-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinNeil_Asher_Silberman2006" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Neil Asher Silberman (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/davidsolomoninse00fink"><i>David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition</i></a></span>. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4362-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4362-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-4362-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+and+Solomon%3A+In+Search+of+the+Bible%27s+Sacred+Kings+and+the+Roots+of+the+Western+Tradition&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4362-9&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Neil+Asher+Silberman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdavidsolomoninse00fink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="GLUECK_1944" class="citation journal cs1">Glueck, Nelson (February 1944). "On the Trail of King Solomon's Mines". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>85</b> (2): 233–56. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-9358">0027-9358</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=On+the+Trail+of+King+Solomon%27s+Mines&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=233-56&rft.date=1944-02&rft.issn=0027-9358&rft.aulast=Glueck&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1966" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Bernard (1966). <i>The Sacred Portal: a primary symbol in ancient Judaic art</i>. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. <q>It has a detailed account and treatment of Solomon's Temple and its significance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+Portal%3A+a+primary+symbol+in+ancient+Judaic+art&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamblinDavid_Seely2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Hamblin" title="William J. Hamblin">Hamblin, William</a>; David Seely (2007). <i>Solomon's Temple: Myth and History</i>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-25133-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-25133-1"><bdi>978-0-500-25133-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solomon%27s+Temple%3A+Myth+and+History&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-500-25133-1&rft.aulast=Hamblin&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=David+Seely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurowitz2005" class="citation book cs1">Hurowitz, Victor A. (2005). "YHWH's exalted house - Aspects of the design and symbolism of Solomon's temple". In Day, John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eCMvAAAAYAAJ"><i>Temple and Worship in Biblical Israel</i></a>. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament studies. T&T Clark. pp. 63–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-04262-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-04262-0"><bdi>978-0-567-04262-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=YHWH%27s+exalted+house+-+Aspects+of+the+design+and+symbolism+of+Solomon%27s+temple&rft.btitle=Temple+and+Worship+in+Biblical+Israel&rft.series=Library+of+Hebrew+Bible%2FOld+Testament+studies&rft.pages=63-110&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-567-04262-0&rft.aulast=Hurowitz&rft.aufirst=Victor+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeCMvAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Mazar, Benjamin</a> (1975). <i>The Mountain of the Lord</i>. NY: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-04843-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-04843-9"><bdi>978-0-385-04843-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mountain+of+the+Lord&rft.place=NY&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-385-04843-9&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProkop2020" class="citation book cs1">Prokop, Daniel (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWreDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Pillars of the First Temple (1 Kgs 7,15-22): A Study from Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, Archaeological, and Iconographic Perspectives</i></a>. Forschungen zum Alten Testament. Vol. 116. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-159322-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-159322-2"><bdi>978-3-16-159322-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pillars+of+the+First+Temple+%281+Kgs+7%2C15-22%29%3A+A+Study+from+Ancient+Near+Eastern%2C+Biblical%2C+Archaeological%2C+and+Iconographic+Perspectives&rft.series=Forschungen+zum+Alten+Testament&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-16-159322-2&rft.aulast=Prokop&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWreDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung" class="citation web cs1">Young, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100807211700/http://www.solomonstemple.com/the-temple/">"Temple Measurements and Photo recreations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solomonstemple.com/the-temple/">the original</a> on 7 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+Measurements+and+Photo+recreations&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solomonstemple.com%2Fthe-temple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefon2020" class="citation web cs1">Stefon, Matt (30 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Solomon">"Solomon"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Solomon&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.aulast=Stefon&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSolomon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica:_Holy_of_Holies" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Holy-of-Holies">"Holy of Holies"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Holy+of+Holies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FHoly-of-Holies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemple_of_Jerusalem" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Temple-of-Jerusalem">"Temple of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. 17 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Fate+of+the+Lost+Ark+Revealed%3F&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.aulast=Pruitt&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Ffate-of-the-lost-ark-revealed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovettHoffman2017" class="citation web cs1">Lovett, Richard A.; Hoffman, Scot (21 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200329235506/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/archaeology/ark-covenant/">"Ark of the Covenant"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/archaeology/ark-covenant/">the original</a> on 29 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.date=2017-01-21&rft.aulast=Lovett&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Scot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2Farchaeology%2Fark-covenant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShabi2005" class="citation web cs1">Shabi, Rachel (20 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2005/jan/20/heritage.museums">"Faking it"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Faking+it&rft.date=2005-01-20&rft.aulast=Shabi&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2005%2Fjan%2F20%2Fheritage.museums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaston1897" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_George_Easton" title="Matthew George Easton">Easton, Matthew George</a> (1897). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Temple,_Solomon%27s" class="extiw" title="s:Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Temple, Solomon's">Temple, Solomon's</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's Bible Dictionary</a></i> (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temple%2C+Solomon%27s&rft.btitle=Easton%27s+Bible+Dictionary&rft.edition=New+and+revised&rft.pub=T.+Nelson+and+Sons&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Matthew+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al., eds. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon">"Temple of Solomon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Solomon&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F14310-temple-of-solomon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <dl><dt>21st century resources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2004" class="citation cs2">Barker, Margaret (2004), <i>Temple Theology, an introduction</i>, London: The Society For Promoting Christian Knowledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-281-05634-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-281-05634-7"><bdi>978-0-281-05634-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temple+Theology%2C+an+introduction&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Society+For+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-281-05634-7&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughnKillebrew2003" class="citation cs2">Vaughn, Andrew G.; Killebrew, Ann E., eds. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yYS4VEu08h4C"><i>Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period</i></a>, Society of Biblical Literature, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-066-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-066-0"><bdi>978-1-58983-066-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+Bible+and+Archaeology%3A+The+First+Temple+Period&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-066-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyYS4VEu08h4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2006" class="citation cs2">Stevens, Marty E. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0P9gcFR1MSAC"><i>Temples, tithes, and taxes: the temple and the economic life of ancient Israel</i></a>, Hendrickson Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56563-934-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56563-934-8"><bdi>978-1-56563-934-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples%2C+tithes%2C+and+taxes%3A+the+temple+and+the+economic+life+of+ancient+Israel&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-56563-934-8&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Marty+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0P9gcFR1MSAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1993–2004" class="citation cs2">Jones, Floyd Nolen (1993–2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkBasQYRy4sC"><i>The Chronology Of The Old Testament</i></a>, New Leaf Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89051-416-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89051-416-0"><bdi>978-0-89051-416-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+Of+The+Old+Testament&rft.pub=New+Leaf+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1993%2F2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89051-416-0&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Floyd+Nolen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZkBasQYRy4sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolomon%27s+Temple" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon%27s_Temple&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template talk:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Prayer Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Ascension" title="Dome of the Ascension">Dome of the Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Chain" title="Dome of the Chain">Dome of the Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khidr" title="Dome of al-Khidr">Dome of al-Khidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khalili" title="Dome of al-Khalili">Dome of al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Spirits" title="Dome of the Spirits">Dome of the Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf" title="Dome of Yusuf">Dome of Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf_Agha" title="Dome of Yusuf Agha">Dome of Yusuf Agha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qasim_Pasha" title="Fountain of Qasim Pasha">Fountain of Qasim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qayt_Bay" title="Fountain of Qayt Bay">Fountain of Qayt Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-N%C4%81ranj_Pool" title="An-Nāranj Pool">An-Nāranj Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Library" title="Al-Aqsa Library">Library</a></li> <li>Madrasas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_al-Ashrafiyya" title="Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya">Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankiziyya" title="Tankiziyya">Tankiziyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthmaniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" title="Al-Uthmaniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Uthmaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatuniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatuniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Khatuniyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls and entries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minarets_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarets of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound">Minarets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector%27s_Gate" title="Inspector's Gate">Inspector's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Merchants%27_Gate" title="Cotton Merchants' Gate">Cotton Merchants'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Chain Gate (Jerusalem)">Chain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_is_in_danger" title="Al-Aqsa is in danger">Al-Aqsa is in danger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabitat" title="Murabitat">Murabitat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Aqsa_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Aqsa massacre (page does not exist)">Al-Aqsa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Flood">Al-Aqsa Flood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solomon's Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekhal">Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_treasury" title="Temple treasury">Temple treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Replicas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schick_models_of_Jerusalem" title="Schick models of Jerusalem">Schick models of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Western_Wall" title="Little Western Wall">Little Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Wall_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Western Wall Heritage Foundation">The Western Wall Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Bridge" title="Mughrabi Bridge">Mughrabi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placing_notes_in_the_Western_Wall" title="Placing notes in the Western Wall">Placing notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Arch_(Jerusalem)" title="Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)">Wilson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotel_compromise" title="Kotel compromise">Kotel compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Western_Wall_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 Western Wall Commission">Western Wall Commission</a></li> <li>Advocacy groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HaLiba" title="HaLiba">HaLiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Faithful" title="Temple Mount Faithful">Temple Mount Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_of_the_Wall" title="Platoon of the Wall">Platoon of the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro%E2%80%93Wailing_Wall_Committee" title="Pro–Wailing Wall Committee">Pro–Wailing Wall Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_the_Wall" title="Women for the Wall">Women for the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Wall" title="Women of the Wall">Women of the Wall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">Shekhinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%27s_Arch" title="Robinson's Arch">Robinson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallal" title="Kallal">Urn for ashes of the Red Heifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wall" title="Eastern Wall">Eastern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Wall" title="Southern Wall">Southern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Hewn_Stones" title="Hall of Hewn Stones">Hall of Hewn Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fortress" title="Antonia Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birket_Israel" title="Birket Israel">Birket Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_Baris" title="Hasmonean Baris">Hasmonean Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Virgins" title="Monastery of the Virgins">Monastery of the Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Raranj" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool of Raranj">Pool of Raranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Baris" title="Ptolemaic Baris">Ptolemaic Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)" title="Royal Stoa (Jerusalem)">Royal Stoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Solomon's Stables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struthion_Pool" title="Struthion Pool">Struthion Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah_Gates" title="Huldah Gates">Huldah Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions' Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Gate" title="Beautiful Gate">Beautiful Gate</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Excavations_at_the_Temple_Mount" title="Excavations at the Temple Mount">Excavations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Archaeological remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" title="Temple Mount Sifting Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Prevention_of_Destruction_of_Antiquities_on_the_Temple_Mount" title="Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount">Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan#Assassination" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Assassination of Abdullah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_mosque_fire" title="Al-Aqsa mosque fire">1969 arson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes">Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 riots</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Temple_Mount_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Temple Mount clashes">2009 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 wave of violence</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">2017 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_shooting" title="2017 Temple Mount shooting">2017 shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">2022 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2023 Al-Aqsa clashes">2023 clashes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)" title="Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)">Status quo of Holy Land sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemite_custodianship_of_Jerusalem_holy_sites" title="Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites">Hashemite custodianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_entry_restrictions" title="Temple Mount entry restrictions">Entry restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Navel of the World">Navel of the World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Temple_Mount" title="Category:Temple Mount">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solomon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solomon" title="Template:Solomon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solomon" title="Template talk:Solomon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solomon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />reputed relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Naamah (wife of Solomon)">Naamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)">Pharaoh's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occurrences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgement of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Marcolf" title="Solomon and Marcolf">Solomon and Marcolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_shamir" title="Solomon's shamir">Solomon's shamir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Solomon" title="Throne of Solomon">Throne of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_ants" title="Valley of the ants">Valley of the ants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reputed works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Protocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_72" title="Psalm 72">Psalm 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">Psalm 127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deuterocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Book of Wisdom</a></li></ul></li> <li>Apocryphal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon" title="Odes of Solomon">Odes of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">Prayer of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Solomon" title="Testament of Solomon">Testament of Solomon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grimoires <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Key_of_Solomon" title="Key of Solomon">Key of Solomon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Key_of_Solomon" title="The Lesser Key of Solomon">The Lesser Key of Solomon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Treatise_of_Solomon" title="Magical Treatise of Solomon">Magical Treatise of Solomon</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Solomon%27s_Mines" title="King Solomon's Mines">King Solomon's Mines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Solomon" title="Seal of Solomon">Seal of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_knot" title="Solomon's knot">Solomon's knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools" title="Solomon's Pools">Solomon's Pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Sorcery (goetia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Temples_in_Jewish_history" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#ebac00;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Temples_in_Jewish_history" title="Template:Temples in Jewish history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Temples_in_Jewish_history" title="Template talk:Temples in Jewish history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Temples_in_Jewish_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Temples in Jewish history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Temples_in_Jewish_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Temples in Jewish history</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ebac00;">Temples and other sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle (<i>Mishkan</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solomon's Temple (First Temple)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple / Herod's Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Northern Kingdom Temples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_place" title="High place">High places (<i>Bamoth</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Temple">Samaritan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Motza_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Motza temple">Tel Motza temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Onias" title="Land of Onias">Onias' Temple (<i>Beit Honyo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine_papyri_and_ostraca" title="Elephantine papyri and ostraca">Elephantine Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg/72px-Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg/108px-Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg/144px-Aaron_-_Henry_Schile_c.1874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6687" data-file-height="8510" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/64px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/96px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/128px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ebac00;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Temple sacrifice (<i>Korban</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_offering" title="Incense offering">Incense offering (<i>Ketoret</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Temple priest (<i>Kohen</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Destruction of Jerusalem Temple (<i>Tisha B'Av</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Yahweh_(biblical_term)" title="House of Yahweh (biblical term)">House of Yahweh (biblical term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Replicas of the Jewish Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rooms and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat (<i>Kaporet</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Pillars (<i>Boaz and Jachin</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread (<i>Lekhem Hapanim</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_the_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of the women">Court of the women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Jerusalem Temple archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Warning_inscription" title="Temple Warning inscription">Temple Warning inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdala_stone" title="Magdala stone">Magdala stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#ebac00;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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