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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition:_1940–1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Opposition:_1940–1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leader of the Opposition: 1940–1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition:_1940–1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister,_1949–1957" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister,_1949–1957"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prime Minister, 1949–1957</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_Minister,_1949–1957-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_term,_1954–1957"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Third term, 1954–1957</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_term,_1954–1957-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%ED%99%80%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C" title="시드니 홀런드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시드니 홀런드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="סידני הולנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סידני הולנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4,_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Холланд, Сидней – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холланд, Сидней" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sidney Holland" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1390488#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1949 to 1957</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Holland,_2nd_Viscount_Knutsford" title="Sydney Holland, 2nd Viscount Knutsford">Sydney Holland, 2nd Viscount Knutsford</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Sidney Holland</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1953)_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="black and white portrait photo of a man aged 60" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/220px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/330px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/440px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Holland in 1953</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">25th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 December 1949<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1949-12-13</span>)</span> – 20 September 1957<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1957-09-20</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governors‑General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg,_1st_Baron_Freyberg" title="Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg">Bernard Freyberg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Norrie,_1st_Baron_Norrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie">Charles Norrie</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyttelton,_10th_Viscount_Cobham" title="Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham">Charles Lyttelton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 November 1940<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1940-11-26</span>)</span> – 13 December 1949<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1949-12-13</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Polson" title="William Polson">William Polson</a> (1940–46)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986337_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986337-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Keith Holyoake (1946–49)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Peter Fraser</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1893-10-18</span>)</span>18 October 1893<br /><a href="/wiki/Greendale,_New_Zealand" title="Greendale, New Zealand">Greendale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury, New Zealand">Canterbury</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1961<span style="display:none">(1961-08-05)</span> (aged 67)<br /><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Reform Party">Reform</a> (1935–1938)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> (1938–1957)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Florence Beatrice Drayton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holland" title="Eric Holland">Eric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland_(mayor)" title="Henry Holland (mayor)">Henry Holland</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Military_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Military Forces">New Zealand Military Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1915–1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1902-1920)_OF-1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/British_Army_%281902-1920%29_OF-1a.svg/10px-British_Army_%281902-1920%29_OF-1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/British_Army_%281902-1920%29_OF-1a.svg/15px-British_Army_%281902-1920%29_OF-1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/British_Army_%281902-1920%29_OF-1a.svg/20px-British_Army_%281902-1920%29_OF-1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="533" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">13th Battery, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_New_Zealand_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery">New Zealand Field Artillery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Category:Conservatism in New Zealand">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#00529F; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#New_Zealand" title="Conservatism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in New Zealand</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#New_Zealand" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalism" title="Loyalism">Loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Ministry_(New_Zealand)" title="Continuous Ministry (New Zealand)">Continuous Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">Historic conservatism in New Zealand</a> (pre–1930s)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Russell (New Zealand politician)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Richardson" title="Ruth Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Birch" title="Bill Birch">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Copeland" title="Gordon Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Brash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon 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class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_New_Zealand" title="Template:Conservatism New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Conservatism New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Sidney George Holland</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (18 October 1893 – 5 August 1961) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 25th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of New Zealand">prime minister of New Zealand</a> from 13 December 1949 to 20 September 1957. He was instrumental in the creation and consolidation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">New Zealand National Party</a>, which was to dominate <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">New Zealand politics</a> for much of the second half of the 20th century. </p><p>Holland was elected to parliament in <a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935</a>, and became the second <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party">Leader of the National Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a>, in 1940. He served briefly (1942) in a <a href="/wiki/War_cabinet" title="War cabinet">war cabinet</a> but thereafter attacked the <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">Labour government</a> for its interventionist economic policies. Holland led the National Party to its first election victory in <a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949</a>. His <a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">National government</a> implemented moderate economic reforms, dismantling many state controls. Holland's government also undertook constitutional change in 1950, by abolishing the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of parliament, on the grounds that it was ineffectual. </p><p>In 1951, Holland, having confronted locked out dockers and coal miners intent on what he called "industrial anarchy",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">a snap election</a> and was re-elected Prime Minister. In its second term, the National government signed the <a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a> defence agreement with Australia and the United States. Holland led his party to a third consecutive victory in 1954. Following ill health in 1957, Holland stepped down as Prime Minister to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sidney Holland was born in <a href="/wiki/Greendale,_New_Zealand" title="Greendale, New Zealand">Greendale</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury, New Zealand">Canterbury</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>, the youngest child and fourth son of a family of eight children. His father, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland_(mayor)" title="Henry Holland (mayor)">Henry Holland</a>, was a farmer and merchant, who served as <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Christchurch" title="Mayor of Christchurch">Mayor of Christchurch</a> between 1912 and 1919 and became the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Reform Party">Reform Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (New Zealand)">MP</a> for <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch North">Christchurch North</a> between 1925 and 1935. During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Holland enlisted as a territorial in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Military_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Military Forces">New Zealand Military Forces</a> in 1915 and later rose to the rank of second lieutenant. He served with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_New_Zealand_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery">New Zealand Field Artillery</a> and saw action during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Battle of Messines</a>, before being invalided home after contracted a severe illness. Due to his injuries, Holland was hospitalised for six months and lost a lung.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holland was a prominent sportsman and sports administrator, representing Canterbury at provincial and inter-island level in hockey. After retiring from playing, he managed the New Zealand representative hockey team on an unbeaten tour of Australia in the 1932 and was a prominent hockey referee. After the war, Holland and one of his brothers established the Midland Engineering Company in Christchurch, which manufactured <a href="/wiki/Horticultural_oil" title="Horticultural oil">horticultural spray</a> pumps and operated a profit-sharing scheme with its employees. Holland later married Florence Drayton in 1920 and the couple raised a family of two boys and two girls. According to his biographer <a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Barry Gustafson</a>, Holland was raised as a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> but later became an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Holland_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Holland-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639f_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639f-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1935).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sidney_George_Holland_%281935%29.jpg/170px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281935%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sidney_George_Holland_%281935%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>Holland in 1935</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; float: left; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 1em; border: 4; cellpadding: 2; cellspacing: 0;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">New Zealand Parliament</span></a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 95px;">Years </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35px;">Term </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 160px;">Electorate </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 150px;">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935</a>–1936 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="25th New Zealand Parliament">25th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Christchurch North (New Zealand electorate)">Christchurch North</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00BB00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Reform Party">Reform</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936–1938 </td> <td colspan="3"><i>Changed allegiance to:</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a>–1943 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="26th New Zealand Parliament">26th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Christchurch North </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1943_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1943 New Zealand general election">1943</a>–1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="27th New Zealand Parliament">27th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Christchurch North </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1946_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1946 New Zealand general election">1946</a>–1949 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="28th New Zealand Parliament">28th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Fendalton (New Zealand electorate)">Fendalton</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949</a>–1951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/29th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="29th New Zealand Parliament">29th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Fendalton </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">1951</a>–1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="30th New Zealand Parliament">30th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Fendalton </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954</a>–1957 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/31st_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="31st New Zealand Parliament">31st</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Fendalton </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following his father Henry Holland's election to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> in 1925, Sidney served as his father's unofficial private secretary and campaign manager between 1925 and 1935. Due to this experience, Holland gained an intimate knowledge and interest in parliamentary politics. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, Holland also became the President of both the Canterbury Employers' Association and the Christchurch Businessmen's Club, which brought into contact with the conservative <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legion" title="New Zealand Legion">New Zealand Legion</a> and the short-lived <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Democrat_Party_(1934)" title="New Zealand Democrat Party (1934)">Democrat Party</a>, which opposed the <a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a> <a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_coalition_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="United–Reform coalition Government of New Zealand">United-Reform coalition Government</a>. As a result of his political experiences, Holland developed a distaste for <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198640_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198640-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his father Henry was incapacitated in a serious accident, the older Holland and encouraged Sidney to take his place as the Reform Party candidate for Christchurch North during the <a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935 general elections</a>. Holland successfully retained the Christchurch North seat despite the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a>'s landslide victory during that election. The new <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a>–<a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">Labour Government</a>, which ushered in a raft of social and economic reforms including the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Keynesianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesianism">Keynesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, nationalization of key economic resources, and the expansion of public works and state-housing projects. In response to Labour's electoral success, the Reform and United Parties merged in 1936 to form the National Party, which represented the farming and growing manufacturing sectors of New Zealand society.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition:_1940–1949"><span id="Leader_of_the_Opposition:_1940.E2.80.931949"></span>Leader of the Opposition: 1940–1949</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leader of the Opposition: 1940–1949"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1940, Holland replaced National's first non-interim leader <a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a> as the leader of the National Party. Prior to becoming the Party's leader, he had served as Hamilton's parliamentary secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As leader of the National Party, Holland sought to win the support of the party's farming constituency by establishing a farm in North Canterbury and breeding <a href="/wiki/Romney_sheep" title="Romney sheep">Romney sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Angus_cattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen Angus cattle">Aberdeen Angus cattle</a>. In addition, he also countered other rival conservative parties like the Liberal Party, the Soldier's Movement, and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_(New_Zealand)" title="People's Movement (New Zealand)">People's Movement</a> by co-opting them into the National Party in 1941. This merger helped strengthen National's support base by unifying opposition to the Labour Party. Holland served as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a> for nearly ten years until the National Party won the <a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949</a> general election. He represented the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Christchurch North (New Zealand electorate)">Christchurch North</a> electorate from 1935 to 1946, and then the <a href="/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Fendalton (New Zealand electorate)">Fendalton</a> electorate from 1946 to 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s entry into the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> in 1941, the Labour Government reluctantly acquiesced to the establishment of a bipartisan War Administration in July 1942, consisting of seven Labour Ministers and six National Ministers. Sidney Holland served as the Deputy Chairman of the short-lived War Cabinet, which collapsed in September 1942 after the National Party objected to Labour's handling of an unofficial miners' strike in the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato region">Waikato region</a> that same month. Holland's decision strained relations with both the Labour Government and several National MPs including Gordon Coates and Adam Hamilton, who withdrew from the National caucus and rejoined the War Cabinet as independents. The resignation of these two former Reform Party MPs helped strengthen Holland's control over the party caucus and organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/1943_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1943 New Zealand general election">1943</a> and <a href="/wiki/1946_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1946 New Zealand general election">1946</a> general elections, National slowly eroded Labour's parliamentary majority. While the Labour Party still remained in power, it was forced to contend with a more vigorous opposition National Party. Under Holland's leadership, National repeatedly attacked the Labour Party's socialism, "<a href="/wiki/Big_government" title="Big government">big government</a>" bureaucracy, collectivism, and the power of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a>. Some important policies propagated by the National Party included individual freedom, a free market, minimum bureaucratic intervention, restriction and regulation, and an acceptance of the welfare state. Holland repositioned the National Party to accept (albeit reluctantly) the main elements of Labour's welfare state, a policy switch seen as necessary for the party to become electable.<sup id="cite_ref-PMs_rated_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMs_rated-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the successful 1949 general election, Holland capitalised on the threat of <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> expansion in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, the government's perceived unwillingness to counter the militant waterfront unions, persisting wartime restrictions, and rising inflation. This strategy secured National's electoral victory on 30 November 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister,_1949–1957"><span id="Prime_Minister.2C_1949.E2.80.931957"></span>Prime Minister, 1949–1957</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prime Minister, 1949–1957"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">First National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1951).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg/170px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg/255px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg/340px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="3970" /></a><figcaption>Holland in 1951</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term,_1949–1951"><span id="First_term.2C_1949.E2.80.931951"></span>First term, 1949–1951</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First term, 1949–1951"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sidney Holland National Government implemented economic reforms, dismantling many state controls including butter and petrol rationing. His government also emphasised individualism, personal freedom, and private enterprise in accordance with its 1949 electoral platform. One of Holland's first acts as Prime Minister was to abolish the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the country's Parliament on 1 December 1950. As a result, the New Zealand Parliament became a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> body consisting solely of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. Besides serving as Prime Minister, Holland also served as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Finance (New Zealand)">Minister of Finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Holland did not carry on with his Party's promise to abolish compulsory unionism, which Labour had introduced in 1936. Due to opposition from several trade unions, the government compromised by simply passing a law forcing unions to obtain majority support in a vote before the union could make donations to the opposition Labour Party, which was traditionally associated with the trade unions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, the National Government reinstated the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_New_Zealand#Abolition:_1949–1961" title="Capital punishment in New Zealand">death penalty</a>, which had been phased out by the previous Labour Government in 1935 and abolished for murder in 1941. Another eight executions were carried out through Holland's administration (out of 36 murder convictions, 22 of whom had resulted in a death sentence). To solve the partisan-infected issue Holland called for a referendum to be held on the same day as the general election of 1957, but the proposal failed to make the ballot. No executions were carried out under Holland's successor, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a>, and in 1961 Holyoake oversaw a vote in which Parliament voted 41–30 (with eleven National MPs crossing the floor) to abolish capital punishment for murder.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, Prime Minister Sidney Holland faced a major challenge from the militant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterside_Workers%27_Union_(New_Zealand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waterside Workers' Union (New Zealand) (page does not exist)">Waterside Workers' Union</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_waterfront_dispute" title="1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute">1951 waterfront dispute</a> (13 February – 11 July 1951). The 1951 waterfront dispute was sparked by the refusal of shipowners to give a 15 per cent wage rise to the watersiders who proceeded to ban overtime work. The shipowners retaliated by imposing a lock-out on striking workers. When the watersiders refused to accept arbitration, the National Government imposed emergency regulations under the 1932 Public Safety Conversation Act which drastically curtailed civic liberties, including the freedom of speech and expression. The Regulations were designed to silence and criminalise any support for the watersiders, including food supplies for their families, and pro-watersider publications. In addition, Holland ordered the armed forces to unload cargo from ports and deregistered the Waterside Union and seized its funds. After 151 days, the watersiders capitulated.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Government's actions were popular with the public and press. The opposition Labour Party and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Federation_of_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Federation of Labour">Federation of Labour</a>, the national trade union-governing body, also acquiesced to the government's tough stance on the watersiders due to their acrimonious relationship with the Waterside Union. After the Labour opposition criticised the government's policy, Holland called a <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">snap election</a> on 11 July 1951. The National Party was re-elected with an increased majority, with the backing of a largely conservative Press and the state-controlled radio broadcasters. According to former journalist and historian Redmer Yska, Prime Minister Holland and his government exploited anti-Communist sentiment during the waterfront dispute. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> atmosphere emerging in New Zealand, Holland was able to depict the watersiders as part of the "Red Peril" that was threatening Western democracy. According to the historian Barry Gustafson, the 1949 and 1951 elections marked the peak of Sidney Holland's political career.<sup id="cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Party was to stick with his extremely tough attitude towards unions for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-PMs_rated_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMs_rated-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term,_1951–1954"><span id="Second_term.2C_1951.E2.80.931954"></span>Second term, 1951–1954</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second term, 1951–1954"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After 1951 the National Government continued its policy of deregulating the economy by ending rationing on basic food commodities, loosening import controls, and encouraging home ownership by selling states houses to their tenants. Shortly after being re-elected, the government also enacted the Police Offences Bill which gave the police substantial powers to deal with future industrial unrest. Holland's Government also reformed the superannuation scheme to enable retiring public servants to claim a portion of their entitlement as a lump sum payment. In addition, the Government established producer-controlled agricultural boards. Despite its centre-right orientation, the National Government maintained the previous Labour Government's policies of full employment and the welfare state. While the 1950s was a boom time for New Zealand and other Western economies, inflation remained a problem.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_p.24_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redmer_Yska_p.24-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the foreign policy front, the National Government embedded New Zealand in a series of Western Cold War security alliances and defence agreements. In September 1951, the government signed the <a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a> defence agreement with <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. As a member of the Western alliance, the National Government also sent New Zealand troops to the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. A demand for woollen clothing during the conflict created a brief economic boom for New Zealand's sheep farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_p.24_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redmer_Yska_p.24-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1954, New Zealand ratified the Manila Pact and joined the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a>, an American-sponsored regional <a href="/wiki/Collective_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective defense">collective defense</a> organisation aimed at combating the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in January 1955, New Zealand's traditional ties to Britain and a fear of the Communist <a href="/wiki/Domino_effect" title="Domino effect">domino effect</a> led Prime Minister Holland to contribute New Zealand troops to the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the historian David McIntyre, Holland had little interest in foreign affairs and was the first Prime Minister to delegate that portfolio to another cabinet minister.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Holland era, New Zealand had three foreign ministers: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Doidge" title="Frederick Doidge">Frederick Doidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Webb_(politician)" title="Clifton Webb (politician)">Clifton Webb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Macdonald_(politician)" title="Tom Macdonald (politician)">Tom Macdonald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954 general election</a>, National's support declined, due to public dissatisfaction with the rising cost of living and housing. Altogether the party's vote dropped by nearly 100,000 from the 1951 electoral figure. The National Party also had to contend (as it had not needed to do in 1951) with a new third party: the <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit Political League</a>, which won 122,573 votes. In addition, the Labour Party polled more votes than National but failed to reduce National's numerical majority in Parliament; the country's <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post voting</a> system enabled it to maintain a majority of 10 electorate seats. Besides, Gustafson suggests that the appearance of Social Credit split the opposition vote. </p><p>During the electoral campaign, in what was to be a portent of his 1956–57 troubles, Holland's health deteriorated markedly. He kept losing his voice, forcing him to limit his speeches to half an hour. Following the 1954 election, the National Government set up a royal commission to examine the country's monetary system. This commission released a report condemning Social Credit theories.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_term,_1954–1957"><span id="Third_term.2C_1954.E2.80.931957"></span>Third term, 1954–1957</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third term, 1954–1957"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg/270px-1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg/405px-1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg/540px-1954_Cabinet_with_the_Governor-General.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5067" data-file-height="3138" /></a><figcaption>Holland and other Cabinet ministers with the Governor-General, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Willoughby_Norrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Willoughby Norrie">Sir Willoughby Norrie</a>, at Government House, 27 November 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>Once the National Government had been assured of a third consecutive term, Holland gave up the finance portfolio to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Watts_(politician)" title="Jack Watts (politician)">Jack Watts</a>, the former Minister of Industries and Commerce. With the loss of one National MP (W.F. Fortune) and the retirement of several older ministers, Holland rejuvenated his Cabinet with several younger men including <a href="/wiki/Dean_Eyre" title="Dean Eyre">Dean Eyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Smith_(politician)" title="Sid Smith (politician)">Sid Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McAlpine" title="John McAlpine">John McAlpine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shand" title="Tom Shand">Tom Shand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Gerard" title="Geoff Gerard">Geoff Gerard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Halstead" title="Eric Halstead">Eric Halstead</a>. In 1955 the annual terminal income tax assessment system was phased out in favor of a Pay As You Earn (PAYE) system. Also, the Tourist Hotel Corporation was established with Holland's strong support and against the opposition of Holyoake (by this time Deputy Prime Minister), who feared that tourism would divert investment away from agriculture. After Dean Eyre went on a private overseas business trip in 1956, Holland introduced a code of ethics that banned any conflict of interest between a minister's public duty and private affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Holland_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Holland-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Holland's last years in office, New Zealand also faced a serious balance of payments crisis that had been precipitated by a rapid decline in overseas demand for the country's butter, wool, and cheese exports. In addition, Holland's health was proving less and less able to withstand the strain of his duties, and his memory began to fail him.<sup id="cite_ref-PMs_rated_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMs_rated-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> in October 1956, Holland suffered a mild heart attack or stroke (accounts vary) while working in his office. However, far from retreating to bed, he insisted on remaining at the office for the next 48 hours until the crisis was resolved. According to his biographer Gustafson, Holland's physique never fully recovered from that incident. During the Suez Crisis, New Zealand and Australia were among the few countries to defend the Anglo-French invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>. </p><p>Despite his conspicuous medical problems, Holland was initially reluctant to hand over the Party's leadership to his deputy, Holyoake.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But following a meeting the following year with several senior National Party officials including Holyoake himself, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">John Marshall</a>, Jack Watts, and the Party's President <a href="/wiki/Alex_McKenzie" title="Alex McKenzie">Alex McKenzie</a>, Holland reluctantly agreed to resign as Prime Minister and Leader of the Party. </p><p>On 12 August 1957, Holland announced his retirement at the National Party's annual conference in Wellington. Once he had made that announcement, he became so obviously sick that he had to be helped back to his hotel, where a doctor was called. The following day, Holyoake was formally named Holland's successor. Holland handed over the Prime Ministry to Holyoake on 20 September. Shortly afterwards, on <a href="/wiki/1957_Special_Honours_(New_Zealand)" title="1957 Special Honours (New Zealand)">23 September</a>, he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained in Cabinet, as minister without portfolio; but he left the legislature for good at the <a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957 general election</a>, in which Holyoake went down to defeat, and which saw the advent of a <a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">second Labour Government</a> under <a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Holland_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Holland-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his departure from parliament, Holland suffered continual ill health. He died in Wellington Hospital in 1961. His son <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holland" title="Eric Holland">Eric Holland</a> became a National MP for Fendalton and Riccarton (1967–81) and a cabinet minister (1975–78) in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a>'s first administration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Zealand ministries">List of New Zealand ministries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986337-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986337_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorrisBostonButler2011" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Caroline; Boston, Jonathan; Butler, Petra (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xt4w5OCby14C&pg=PA236"><i>Reconstituting the Constitution</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642215728" title="Special:BookSources/9783642215728"><bdi>9783642215728</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstituting+the+Constitution&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783642215728&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Boston%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Butler%2C+Petra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxt4w5OCby14C%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina Templeton, "A Coming Man", pp.1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE10878641">"HOLLAND, Sidney George"</a>. <i>Archives New Zealand</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=HOLLAND%2C+Sidney+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz%2Fdelivery%2FDeliveryManagerServlet%3Fdps_pid%3DIE10878641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNZB_Holland-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Holland_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Holland_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Holland_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/5h30">"Holland, Sidney George"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Holland%2C+Sidney+George&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F5h30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639f-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198639f_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, pp. 39f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina Templeton, "A Coming Man", pp.2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198640-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198640_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina Templeton, "A Coming Man", pp.3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina Templeton, "A Coming Man," pp 4, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAimer" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Aimer, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/labour-party/page-2">"Labour Party – First Labour government, 1935 to 1949"</a>. <i>Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Labour+Party+%E2%80%93+First+Labour+government%2C+1935+to+1949&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Aimer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Flabour-party%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina Templeton, "A Coming Man", pp. 9–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 40–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 44–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina Templeton, "A Coming Man", pp. 17–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMs_rated-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PMs_rated_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PMs_rated_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PMs_rated_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrykberg2024" class="citation web cs1">Frykberg, Eric (8 November 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/the-listener/politics/the-real-power-list-nzs-prime-ministers-rated/UEHAIM2NQRDKNPWR3HNKBLKK6Q/">"The real power list: NZ's Prime Ministers rated"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Listener" title="New Zealand Listener">New Zealand Listener</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Listener&rft.atitle=The+real+power+list%3A+NZ%27s+Prime+Ministers+rated&rft.date=2024-11-08&rft.aulast=Frykberg&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fthe-listener%2Fpolitics%2Fthe-real-power-list-nzs-prime-ministers-rated%2FUEHAIM2NQRDKNPWR3HNKBLKK6Q%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 40, 47–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 56–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/legislative-council-abolished">"Legislative Council Abolished"</a>. <i>New Zealand History</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+History&rft.atitle=Legislative+Council+Abolished&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Flegislative-council-abolished&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, p.59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/the-death-penalty">"Capital punishment in New Zealand"</a>. <i>New Zealand History</i>. Ministry for Culture and Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+History&rft.atitle=Capital+punishment+in+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fculture%2Fthe-death-penalty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_pp.24-25_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Redmer Yska, "Chapter 2: Spies, Lies and Red Herrings," in <i>The Big Blue: Snapshots of the 1951 Waterfront Lockout</i>, pp.24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, p.65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redmer_Yska_p.24-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_p.24_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redmer_Yska_p.24_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Redmer Yska, "Chapter 2: Spies, Lies, and Red Herrings," p.24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, p.66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David McIntyre, <i>Background to the ANZUS Pact</i>, pp.383–385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sidney Holland, "Conference of Commonwealth Prime Ministers, Broadcast by Prime Minister", 18 January 1955, <i>External Affairs Review</i> V, nos. 1 and 2 (January and February 1955), pp. 2–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David McIntyre, <i>Background to the ANZUS Pact</i>, pp.6–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabel2005" class="citation book cs1">Rabel, Roberto (2005). <i>New Zealand and the Vietnam War: Politics and Diplomacy</i>. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. pp. 13, 25, 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1869403401" title="Special:BookSources/1869403401"><bdi>1869403401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+and+the+Vietnam+War%3A+Politics+and+Diplomacy&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=13%2C+25%2C+37&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1869403401&rft.aulast=Rabel&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempleton1994" class="citation book cs1">Templeton, Malcolm (1994). <i>Ties of Blood & Empire: New Zealand's Involvement in Middle East Defence and the Suez Crisis, 1947–57</i>. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. pp. 51–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1869400976" title="Special:BookSources/1869400976"><bdi>1869400976</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ties+of+Blood+%26+Empire%3A+New+Zealand%27s+Involvement+in+Middle+East+Defence+and+the+Suez+Crisis%2C+1947%E2%80%9357&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=51-54&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1869400976&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette41187" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/41187/page/5636">"No. 41187"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 27 September 1957. p. 5636.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+41187&rft.pages=5636&rft.date=1957-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F41187%2Fpage%2F5636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Gustafson, <i>The First 50 Years</i>, pp. 71–72.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sidney_Holland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYska2004" class="citation book cs1">Yska, Redmer (2004). "Chapter 2: Spies, Lies, and Red Herrings". In Grant, David (ed.). <i>The Big Blue: Snapshots of the 1951 Waterfront Lockout</i>. Canterbury University Press. pp. 22–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877257-28-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-877257-28-1"><bdi>1-877257-28-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Spies%2C+Lies%2C+and+Red+Herrings&rft.btitle=The+Big+Blue%3A+Snapshots+of+the+1951+Waterfront+Lockout&rft.pages=22-29&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-877257-28-1&rft.aulast=Yska&rft.aufirst=Redmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1986" class="citation book cs1">Gustafson, Barry (1986). <i>The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party</i>. Auckland: Reed Methuen Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0474001776" title="Special:BookSources/0474001776"><bdi>0474001776</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+50+Years%3A+A+History+of+the+New+Zealand+National+Party&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed+Methuen+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0474001776&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson" class="citation web cs1">Gustafson, Barry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/5h30/holland-sidney-george">"Holland, Sidney George"</a>. <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Holland%2C+Sidney+George&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F5h30%2Fholland-sidney-george&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacIntyre1995" class="citation book cs1">MacIntyre, David (1995). <i>Background to the Anzus Pact: Policy-Making, Strategy, and Diplomacy, 1954–55</i>. Hampshire, England: Macmillan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333628058" title="Special:BookSources/9780333628058"><bdi>9780333628058</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Background+to+the+Anzus+Pact%3A+Policy-Making%2C+Strategy%2C+and+Diplomacy%2C+1954%E2%80%9355&rft.place=Hampshire%2C+England&rft.pub=Macmillan+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780333628058&rft.aulast=MacIntyre&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean" class="citation web cs1">McLean, Gavin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/people/sidney-holland">"Sidney Holland"</a>. <i>New Zealand History</i>. Ministry of Culture and Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+History&rft.atitle=Sidney+Holland&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fpeople%2Fsidney-holland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Obit. Evening Post. 5 August 1961: 18</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempleton1981" class="citation thesis cs1">Templeton, Nina (1981). <i>"A Coming Man" Sidney Holland: Leader of the Opposition 1940–1949</i> (B.A. Honours thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%22A+Coming+Man%22+Sidney+Holland%3A+Leader+of+the+Opposition+1940%E2%80%931949&rft.inst=University+of+Otago&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=Nina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASidney+Holland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wilson, J. O. 'Holland, Sir Sidney George'. In An encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ed. A. H. McLintock. Wellington, 1966</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> </b><br />1949–1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Police_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Police (New Zealand)">Minister of Police</a> </b><br />1949–1950<br />1954–1956 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Fortune" title="Wilfred Fortune">Wilfred Fortune</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Fortune" title="Wilfred Fortune">Wilfred Fortune</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Eyre" title="Dean Eyre">Dean Eyre</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland_(mayor)" title="Henry Holland (mayor)">Henry Holland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Christchurch North (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Christchurch North</a> </b><br />1935–1946 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>In abeyance</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Fendalton (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Fendalton</a> </b><br />1946–1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Watts_(politician)" title="Jack Watts (politician)">Jack Watts</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template talk:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sewell" title="Henry Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Domett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weld" title="Frederick Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Waterhouse_(politician)" title="George Waterhouse (politician)">Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pollen" title="Daniel Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stout" title="Robert Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">Ballance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hall-Jones" title="William Hall-Jones">Hall-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Watt</a> (acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Prime_Ministers_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand (page does not exist)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_National_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;background:#00529F; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NZ_National_Party" title="Template:NZ National Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NZ_National_Party" title="Template talk:NZ National Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NZ_National_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NZ National Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_National_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">New Zealand National Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party"><span style="color:white;">Party leaders</span></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Names in bold served as Prime Minister</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sidney Holland</a></b> (1940–1957)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></b> (1957–1972)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Jack Marshall</a></b> (1972–1974)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a></b> (1974–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a></b> (1986–1997)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Jenny Shipley</a></b> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Don Brash</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a></b> (2006–2016)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a></b> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon Bridges">Simon Bridges</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Muller" title="Todd Muller">Todd Muller</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a></b> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party#Party_Presidents" title="New Zealand National Party"><span style="color:white;">Party presidents</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir George Wilson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Weston" title="Claude Weston">Claude Weston</a></li> <li>Alex Gordon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Sim" title="Wilfrid Sim">Sir Wilfrid Sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_McKenzie" title="Alex McKenzie">Sir Alex McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Meadowcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Meadowcroft (page does not exist)">Jack Meadowcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Holt" title="Ned Holt">Ned Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_(party_president)" title="George Chapman (party president)">Sir George Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Wood" title="Sue Wood">Sue Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Young" title="Neville Young">Neville Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collinge" title="John Collinge">John Collinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Tisch" title="Lindsay Tisch">Lindsay Tisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Thompson_(politician)" title="Geoff Thompson (politician)">Geoff Thompson</a></li> <li>John Slater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Boag" title="Michelle Boag">Michelle Boag</a></li> <li>Judy Kirk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goodfellow_(politician)" title="Peter Goodfellow (politician)">Peter Goodfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Wood" title="Sylvia Wood">Sylvia Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/53rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="53rd New Zealand Parliament"><span style="color:white;">Current members of parliament</span></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Names without electorates are list MPs</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Botany_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Botany (New Zealand electorate)">Botany</a>)</span></dd> <dt>Deputy leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Willis" title="Nicola Willis">Nicola Willis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Anderson_(politician)" title="Miles Anderson (politician)">Miles Anderson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bates" title="Carl Bates">Carl Bates</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Whanganui_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)">Whanganui</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bayly" title="Andrew Bayly">Andrew Bayly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Port_Waikato_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Port Waikato (New Zealand electorate)">Port Waikato</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bidois" title="Dan Bidois">Dan Bidois</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Northcote_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Northcote (New Zealand electorate)">Northcote</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bishop" title="Chris Bishop">Chris Bishop</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hutt_South" title="Hutt South">Hutt South</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Brewer" title="Cameron Brewer">Cameron Brewer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Upper Harbour (New Zealand electorate)">Upper Harbour</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Brown" title="Simeon Brown">Simeon Brown</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pakuranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)">Pakuranga</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Butterick" title="Mike Butterick">Mike Butterick</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Wairarapa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate)">Wairarapa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Campbell" title="Hamish Campbell">Hamish Campbell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ilam_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ilam (New Zealand electorate)">Ilam</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cheung" title="Carlos Cheung">Carlos Cheung</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mount_Roskill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Roskill (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Roskill</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Papakura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papakura (New Zealand electorate)">Papakura</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Costley" title="Tim Costley">Tim Costley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōtaki (New Zealand electorate)">Ōtaki</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Doocey" title="Matt Doocey">Matt Doocey</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Waimakariri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waimakariri (New Zealand electorate)">Waimakariri</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fleming_(politician)" title="Greg Fleming (politician)">Greg Fleming</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Maungakiekie (New Zealand electorate)">Maungakiekie</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Garcia_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Paulo Garcia (New Zealand politician)">Paulo Garcia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/New_Lynn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Lynn (New Zealand electorate)">New Lynn</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldsmith_(politician)" title="Paul Goldsmith (politician)">Paul Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Grigg" title="Nicola Grigg">Nicola Grigg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hamilton_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Ryan Hamilton (New Zealand politician)">Ryan Hamilton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton East</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Kirkpatrick" title="Dana Kirkpatrick">Dana Kirkpatrick</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Coast_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Coast (New Zealand electorate)">East Coast</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kuriger" title="Barbara Kuriger">Barbara Kuriger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taranaki-King_Country" title="Taranaki-King Country">Taranaki-King Country</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lee" title="Melissa Lee">Melissa Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lu" title="Nancy Lu">Nancy Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_McCallum" title="Grant McCallum">Grant McCallum</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Northland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Northland (New Zealand electorate)">Northland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_McClay" title="Todd McClay">Todd McClay</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rotorua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rotorua (New Zealand electorate)">Rotorua</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacLeod" title="David MacLeod">David MacLeod</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)">New Plymouth</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meager" title="James Meager">James Meager</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rangitata_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangitata (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitata</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mitchell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)">Mark Mitchell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Whangapar%C4%81oa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whangaparāoa (New Zealand electorate)">Whangaparāoa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mooney_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Joseph Mooney (New Zealand politician)">Joseph Mooney</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Southland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Southland (New Zealand electorate)">Southland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rima_Nakhle" title="Rima Nakhle">Rima Nakhle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Takanini_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Takanini (New Zealand electorate)">Takanini</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Nimon" title="Katie Nimon">Katie Nimon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Napier_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Napier (New Zealand electorate)">Napier</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Penk" title="Chris Penk">Chris Penk</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaipara_ki_Mahurangi" title="Kaipara ki Mahurangi">Kaipara ki Mahurangi</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_Potaka" title="Tama Potaka">Tama Potaka</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton West (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton West</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Pugh" title="Maureen Pugh">Maureen Pugh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/West_Coast-Tasman" title="West Coast-Tasman">West Coast-Tasman</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suze_Redmayne" title="Suze Redmayne">Suze Redmayne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%ABkei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangitīkei (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitīkei</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Reti" title="Shane Reti">Shane Reti</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whangārei (New Zealand electorate)">Whangārei</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rutherford" title="Tom Rutherford">Tom Rutherford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Plenty</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Simmonds" title="Penny Simmonds">Penny Simmonds</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Invercargill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)">Invercargill</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Simpson_(politician)" title="Scott Simpson (politician)">Scott Simpson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Coromandel_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Coromandel (New Zealand electorate)">Coromandel</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Smith_(politician)" title="Stuart Smith (politician)">Stuart Smith</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaikōura (New Zealand electorate)">Kaikōura</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Stanford" title="Erica Stanford">Erica Stanford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Bays_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate)">East Coast Bays</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Uffindell" title="Sam Uffindell">Sam Uffindell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tauranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)">Tauranga</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Upston" title="Louise Upston">Louise Upston</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taupō (New Zealand electorate)">Taupō</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_van_de_Molen" title="Tim van de Molen">Tim van de Molen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Waikato_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waikato (New Zealand electorate)">Waikato</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Watts" title="Simon Watts">Simon Watts</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="North Shore (New Zealand electorate)">North Shore</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Wedd" title="Catherine Wedd">Catherine Wedd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tukituki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tukituki (New Zealand electorate)">Tukituki</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Weenink" title="Vanessa Weenink">Vanessa Weenink</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Banks Peninsula (New Zealand electorate)">Banks Peninsula</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">National governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">First</a> (1949–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second National Government of New Zealand">Second</a> (1960–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">Third</a> (1975–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Fourth</a> (1990–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth National Government of New Zealand">Fifth</a> (2008–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">Sixth</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Keith_Holyoake" title="Shadow Cabinet of Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jack_Marshall" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Robert_Muldoon" title="First Shadow Cabinet of Robert Muldoon">Muldoon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Robert_Muldoon" title="Second Shadow Cabinet of Robert Muldoon">Muldoon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jim_McLay" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jim McLay">McLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jim_Bolger" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jenny_Shipley" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_English" title="First Shadow Cabinet of Bill English">English I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Don_Brash" title="Shadow Cabinet of Don Brash">Brash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_John_Key" title="Shadow Cabinet of John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_English" title="Second Shadow Cabinet of Bill English">English II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Simon_Bridges" title="Shadow Cabinet of Simon Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Todd_Muller" title="Shadow Cabinet of Todd Muller">Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Judith_Collins" title="Shadow Cabinet of Judith Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Christopher_Luxon" title="Shadow Cabinet of Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1936 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1940 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1972 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1984 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1986 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1997 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2001 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="May 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="July 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2021 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Party (New Zealand)">United Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teal_Deal" title="Teal Deal">Teal Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_Coalition" title="United–Reform Coalition">United–Reform Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Nationals" title="New Zealand Young Nationals">Young Nats</a> (youth wing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390488#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68697189">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1661279/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvd97RcKbh6pYJjkHJbh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006128805">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/18538323">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67q07x7">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/39314">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&oldid=1257663355">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Holland&oldid=1257663355</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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[\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-9vwxn","timestamp":"20241129022501","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sidney Holland","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sidney_Holland","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1390488","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1390488","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-10-14T01:11:16Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T01:54:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2c\/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png","headline":"New Zealand politician (1893\u20131961)"}</script> </body> </html>