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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="blockchain architecture"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1902</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: blockchain architecture</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1902</span> Food Traceability for Small and Medium Enterprises Using Blockchain Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kohli">Amit Kohli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Lekhi"> Pooja Lekhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gihan%20Adel%20Amin%20Hafez"> Gihan Adel Amin Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blockchain is a distributor ledger technology trend that extended to different fields and proved a remarkable success. Blockchain technology is a vital proliferation technique that recuperates the food supply chain traceability process. While tracing is the core of the food supply chain; still, a complex system mitigates the exceptional risk of food contamination, foodborne, food waste, and food fraud. In addition, the upsurge of food supply chain data variance and variety in the traceability system requires complete transparency, a secure, steadfast, sustainable, and efficient approach to face the food supply chain challenges. On the other hand, blockchain technical aspects merged with a detailed implementation plan, the advantages and challenges in food traceability have not been much elucidated for small and medium enterprises (SMEs.) This paper demonstrated the advantages and challenges of applying blockchain in SMEs combined with the success stories of firms implementing blockchain to cover the gap. Moreover, blockchain architecture in SMEs and how technology, organization, and environment frameworks can guarantee the success of blockchain implementation have been revealed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title="blockchain technology">blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium%20enterprises" title=" small and medium enterprises"> small and medium enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20traceability" title=" food traceability"> food traceability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20architecture" title=" blockchain architecture"> blockchain architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155034/food-traceability-for-small-and-medium-enterprises-using-blockchain-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1901</span> Enhancing Internet of Things Security: A Blockchain-Based Approach for Preventing Spoofing Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salha%20Abdullah%20Ali%20Al-Shamrani">Salha Abdullah Ali Al-Shamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Muhammad%20Dhaher%20Aljuhani"> Maha Muhammad Dhaher Aljuhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Ali%20Ahmed%20Aldhaheri"> Eman Ali Ahmed Aldhaheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in various industries, there has been a concurrent rise in security vulnerabilities, particularly spoofing attacks. This study explores the potential of blockchain technology in enhancing the security of IoT systems and mitigating these attacks. Blockchain's decentralized and immutable ledger offers significant promise for improving data integrity, transaction transparency, and tamper-proofing. This research develops and implements a blockchain-based IoT architecture and a reference network to simulate real-world scenarios and evaluate a blockchain-integrated intrusion detection system. Performance measures including time delay, security, and resource utilization are used to assess the system's effectiveness, comparing it to conventional IoT networks without blockchain. The results provide valuable insights into the practicality and efficacy of employing blockchain as a security mechanism, shedding light on the trade-offs between speed and security in blockchain deployment for IoT. The study concludes that despite minor increases in time consumption, the security benefits of incorporating blockchain technology into IoT systems outweigh potential drawbacks, demonstrating a significant potential for blockchain in bolstering IoT security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title="internet of things">internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spoofing" title=" spoofing"> spoofing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20control" title=" access control"> access control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raspberry%20pi" title=" raspberry pi"> raspberry pi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177699/enhancing-internet-of-things-security-a-blockchain-based-approach-for-preventing-spoofing-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1900</span> Blockchain’s Feasibility in Military Data Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brenden%20M.%20Shutt">Brenden M. Shutt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lubjana%20Beshaj"> Lubjana Beshaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20L.%20Goethals"> Paul L. Goethals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambrose%20Kam"> Ambrose Kam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communication security is of particular interest to military data networks. A relatively novel approach to network security is blockchain, a cryptographically secured distribution ledger with a decentralized consensus mechanism for data transaction processing. Recent advances in blockchain technology have proposed new techniques for both data validation and trust management, as well as different frameworks for managing dataflow. The purpose of this work is to test the feasibility of different blockchain architectures as applied to military command and control networks. Various architectures are tested through discrete-event simulation and the feasibility is determined based upon a blockchain design’s ability to maintain long-term stable performance at industry standards of throughput, network latency, and security. This work proposes a consortium blockchain architecture with a computationally inexpensive consensus mechanism, one that leverages a Proof-of-Identity (PoI) concept and a reputation management mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consensus%20mechanism" title=" consensus mechanism"> consensus mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-event%20simulation" title=" discrete-event simulation"> discrete-event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog%20computing" title=" fog computing"> fog computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130951/blockchains-feasibility-in-military-data-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1899</span> Repository Blockchain for Collaborative Blockchain Ecosystem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razwan%20Ahmed%20Tanvir">Razwan Ahmed Tanvir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greg%20Speegle"> Greg Speegle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Collaborative blockchain ecosystems allow diverse groups to cooperate on tasks while providing properties such as decentralization and transaction security. We provide a model that uses a repository blockchain to manage hard forks within a collaborative system such that a single process (assuming that it has knowledge of the requirements of each fork) can access all of the blocks within the system. The repository blockchain replaces the need for Inter Blockchain Communication (IBC) within the ecosystem by navigating the networks. The resulting construction resembles a tree instead of a chain. A proof-of-concept implementation performs a depth-first search on the new structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20fork" title="hard fork">hard fork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20governance" title=" shared governance"> shared governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter%20blockchain%20communication" title=" inter blockchain communication"> inter blockchain communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20ecosystem" title=" blockchain ecosystem"> blockchain ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regular%20research%20paper" title=" regular research paper"> regular research paper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192920/repository-blockchain-for-collaborative-blockchain-ecosystem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1898</span> Utilize 5G Mobile Connection as a Node in the Proof of Authority Blockchain Used for Microtransaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frode%20van%20der%20Laak">Frode van der Laak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper contributes to the feasibility of using a 5G mobile connection as a node for a Proof of Authority (PoA) blockchain, which is used for microtransactions at the same time. It uses the phone number identity of the users that are linked to the crypto wallet address. It also proposed a consensus protocol based on Proof-of-Authority (PoA) blockchain; PoA is a permission blockchain where consensus is achieved through a set of designated authority rather than through mining, as is the case with a Proof of Work (PoW) blockchain. This report will first explain the concept of a PoA blockchain and how it works. It will then discuss the potential benefits and challenges of using a 5G mobile connection as a node in such a blockchain, and finally, the main open problem statement and proposed solutions with the requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G" title="5G">5G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile" title=" mobile"> mobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title=" connection"> connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node" title=" node"> node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PoA" title=" PoA"> PoA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtransaction" title=" microtransaction"> microtransaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158556/utilize-5g-mobile-connection-as-a-node-in-the-proof-of-authority-blockchain-used-for-microtransaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1897</span> A Study of Blockchain Oracles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdeljalil%20Beniiche">Abdeljalil Beniiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The limitation with smart contracts is that they cannot access external data that might be required to control the execution of business logic. Oracles can be used to provide external data to smart contracts. An oracle is an interface that delivers data from external data outside the blockchain to a smart contract to consume. Oracle can deliver different types of data depending on the industry and requirements. In this paper, we study and describe the widely used blockchain oracles. Then, we elaborate on his potential role, technical architecture, and design patterns. Finally, we discuss the human oracle and its key role in solving the truth problem by reaching a consensus about a certain inquiry and tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oracles" title=" oracles"> oracles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oracles%20design" title=" oracles design"> oracles design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20oracles" title=" human oracles"> human oracles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133352/a-study-of-blockchain-oracles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1896</span> Firm's Growth Leading Dimensions of Blockchain Empowered Information Management System: An Empirical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umang%20Varshney">Umang Varshney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Karamchandani"> Amit Karamchandani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Kapoor"> Rohit Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Practitioners and researchers have realized that Blockchain is not limited to currency. Blockchain as a distributed ledger can ensure a transparent and traceable supply chain. Due to Blockchain-enabled IoTs, a firm’s information management system can now take inputs from other supply chain partners in real-time. This study aims to provide empirical evidence of dimensions responsible for blockchain implemented firm’s growth and highlight how sector (manufacturing or service), state's regulatory environment, and choice of blockchain network affect the blockchain's usefulness. This post-adoption study seeks to validate the findings of pre-adoption studies done on the blockchain. Data will be collected through a survey of managers working in blockchain implemented firms and analyzed through PLS-SEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20management%20system" title=" information management system"> information management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLS-SEM" title=" PLS-SEM"> PLS-SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%27s%20growth" title=" firm's growth"> firm's growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148857/firms-growth-leading-dimensions-of-blockchain-empowered-information-management-system-an-empirical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1895</span> Energy Unchained: An Analysis of Affordances of the Blockchain Technology in the Energy Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Kahlert">Jonas Kahlert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blockchain technology has gained importance and momentum in the energy sector. Yet, there is no structured analysis of how specific features of the blockchain technology can create value in the energy sector. We employ a qualitative analysis on insights gained from the current literature and expert interviews. Along the four most prevalent use cases of blockchain technology in the energy sector, we discuss the potential of blockchain technology to support a transition to a more affordable, sustainable and reliable energy system. We show that in its current state, blockchain and adjacent technologies are not a necessity but a sufficiency towards this transition. We also show how current limitations of the blockchain and adjacent technologies can be even counterproductive. Finally, we discuss implications for policy makers and managers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title="blockchain technology">blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordance%20theory" title=" affordance theory"> affordance theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20trilemma" title=" energy trilemma"> energy trilemma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71781/energy-unchained-an-analysis-of-affordances-of-the-blockchain-technology-in-the-energy-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1894</span> The Analysis of the Blockchain Technology and Challenges Hampering Its Adoption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sthembile%20Mthethwa">Sthembile Mthethwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rise in the usage of internet in the past decades, this presented an opportunity for users to transact with each other over the use of internet. Cryptocurrencies have been introduced, which allows users to transact with each other without the involvement of a third party i.e. the bank. These systems are widely known as cryptocurrencies or digital currencies and the first system to be introduced was Bitcoin which has been receiving a lot of attention. Bitcoin introduced a new technology known as the blockchain technology. In the past years, blockchain has been getting attention; whereby new applications are introduced that utilize blockchain. Yet, most people are still hesitant about the adoption of blockchain and the adoption of cryptocurrencies at large. Some people still do not understand the technology. Thus, it leads to the slow adoption of this technology. In this paper, a review of the blockchain is provided, whereby the different types of blockchain are discussed in details. Details of the things that contribute to the hindrance of the process of adoption are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitcoin" title="bitcoin">bitcoin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptocurrency" title=" cryptocurrency"> cryptocurrency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payment%20system" title=" payment system"> payment system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55942/the-analysis-of-the-blockchain-technology-and-challenges-hampering-its-adoption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1893</span> A Modeling Approach for Blockchain-Oriented Information Systems Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaqi%20Yan">Jiaqi Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yani%20Shi"> Yani Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The blockchain technology is regarded as the most promising technology that has the potential to trigger a technological revolution. However, besides the bitcoin industry, we have not yet seen a large-scale application of blockchain in those domains that are supposed to be impacted, such as supply chain, financial network, and intelligent manufacturing. The reasons not only lie in the difficulties of blockchain implementation, but are also root in the challenges of blockchain-oriented information systems design. As the blockchain members are self-interest actors that belong to organizations with different existing information systems. As they expect different information inputs and outputs of the blockchain application, a common language protocol is needed to facilitate communications between blockchain members. Second, considering the decentralization of blockchain organization, there is not any central authority to organize and coordinate the business processes. Thus, the information systems built on blockchain should support more adaptive business process. This paper aims to address these difficulties by providing a modeling approach for blockchain-oriented information systems design. We will investigate the information structure of distributed-ledger data with conceptual modeling techniques and ontology theories, and build an effective ontology mapping method for the inter-organization information flow and blockchain information records. Further, we will study the distributed-ledger-ontology based business process modeling to support adaptive enterprise on blockchain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20systems%20modeling" title=" information systems modeling"> information systems modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20process" title=" business process"> business process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69091/a-modeling-approach-for-blockchain-oriented-information-systems-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1892</span> Blockchain Security in MANETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Mouchfiq">Nada Mouchfiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Habbani"> Ahmed Habbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaimae%20Benjbara"> Chaimae Benjbara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The security aspect of the IoT occupies a place of great importance especially after the evolution that has known this field lastly because it must take into account the transformations and the new applications .Blockchain is a new technology dedicated to the data sharing. However, this does not work the same way in the different systems with different operating principles. This article will discuss network security using the Blockchain to facilitate the sending of messages and information, enabling the use of new processes and enabling autonomous coordination of devices. To do this, we will discuss proposed solutions to ensure a high level of security in these networks in the work of other researchers. Finally, our article will propose a method of security more adapted to our needs as a team working in the ad hoc networks, this method is based on the principle of the Blockchain and that we named ”MPR Blockchain”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ad%20hocs%20networks" title="Ad hocs networks">Ad hocs networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPR" title=" MPR"> MPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105050/blockchain-security-in-manets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1891</span> Technology Assessment: Exploring Possibilities to Encounter Problems Faced by Intellectual Property through Blockchain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ismail">M. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Grifell-Tatj%C3%A9"> E. Grifell-Tatjé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Paz"> A. Paz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significant discussion on the topic of blockchain as a solution to the issues of intellectual property highlights the relevance that this topic holds. Some experts label this technology as destructive since it holds immense potential to change course of traditional practices. The extent and areas to which this technology can be of use are still being researched. This paper provides an in-depth review on the intellectual property and blockchain technology. Further it explores what makes blockchain suitable for intellectual property, the practical solutions available and the support different governments are offering. This paper further studies the framework of universities in context of its outputs and how can they be streamlined using blockchain technology. The paper concludes by discussing some limitations and future research question. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title=" decentralization"> decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20innovation" title=" open innovation"> open innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patents" title=" patents"> patents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university-industry%20relationship" title=" university-industry relationship"> university-industry relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102159/technology-assessment-exploring-possibilities-to-encounter-problems-faced-by-intellectual-property-through-blockchain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1890</span> Money Laundering and Governance in Cryptocurrencies: The Double-Edged Sword of Blockchain Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaqi%20Yan">Jiaqi Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yani%20Shi"> Yani Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the growing popularity of bitcoin transactions, criminals have exploited the bitcoin like cryptocurrencies, and cybercriminals such as money laundering have thrived. Unlike traditional currencies, the Internet-based virtual currencies can be used anonymously via the blockchain technology underpinning. In this paper, we analyze the double-edged sword features of blockchain technology in the context of money laundering. In particular, the traceability feature of blockchain-based system facilitates a level of governance, while the decentralization feature of blockchain-based system may bring governing difficulties. Based on the analysis, we propose guidelines for policy makers in governing blockchain-based cryptocurrency systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptocurrency" title="cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=money%20laundering" title=" money laundering"> money laundering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title=" decentralization"> decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traceability" title=" traceability"> traceability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88352/money-laundering-and-governance-in-cryptocurrencies-the-double-edged-sword-of-blockchain-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1889</span> A Framework for Blockchain Vulnerability Detection and Cybersecurity Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongmei%20Chi">Hongmei Chi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Blockchain has become a necessity for many different societal industries and ordinary lives including cryptocurrency technology, supply chain, health care, public safety, education, etc. Therefore, training our future blockchain developers to know blockchain programming vulnerability and I.T. students' cyber security is in high demand. In this work, we propose a framework including learning modules and hands-on labs to guide future I.T. professionals towards developing secure blockchain programming habits and mitigating source code vulnerabilities at the early stages of the software development lifecycle following the concept of Secure Software Development Life Cycle (SSDLC). In this research, our goal is to make blockchain programmers and I.T. students aware of the vulnerabilities of blockchains. In summary, we develop a framework that will (1) improve students' skills and awareness of blockchain source code vulnerabilities, detection tools, and mitigation techniques (2) integrate concepts of blockchain vulnerabilities for IT students, (3) improve future IT workers’ ability to master the concepts of blockchain attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20vulnerability%20detection" title="software vulnerability detection">software vulnerability detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hands-on%20lab" title=" hands-on lab"> hands-on lab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis%20tools" title=" static analysis tools"> static analysis tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerabilities" title=" vulnerabilities"> vulnerabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20learning" title=" active learning"> active learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167019/a-framework-for-blockchain-vulnerability-detection-and-cybersecurity-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1888</span> Exploring the Potential of Blockchain to Improve Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Cripps">Tony Cripps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20Kimber"> Larry Kimber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will begin by briefly explaining how blockchain technology works. Then, after highlighting a few of the ways it promises to heavily impact all aspects of the digital landscape, the focus will shift to Blockchain in the field of education, with specific emphasis placed on practical applications in foreign language education. Blockchain is a decentralized Internet-based software application that guarantees truth in transactions. This means whenever two parties engage in a transaction using Blockchain, it is time-stamped, added to a block of other transactions, and then permanently attached to an unalterable ‘chain’ of blocks. The potential for developing applications with Blockchain is therefore immense, since software systems that ensure the impossibility of outside tampering are invaluable. Innovative ideas in every imaginable domain are presently being entertained and Blockchain in education is no exception. For instance, records kept within and between institutions of students’ grade performance, academic achievement and verification of assignment/course completion are just a few examples of how this new technology might potentially be used to revolutionize education. It is hoped that this paper will be of use to all educators interested in the application of technology in the field of education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disruption" title=" disruption"> disruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential" title=" potential"> potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107802/exploring-the-potential-of-blockchain-to-improve-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1887</span> An Investigation Enhancing E-Voting Application Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Verma">Aditya Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E-voting using blockchain provides us with a distributed system where data is present on each node present in the network and is reliable and secure too due to its immutability property. This work compares various blockchain consensus algorithms used for e-voting applications in the past, based on performance and node scalability, and chooses the optimal one and improves on one such previous implementation by proposing solutions for the loopholes of the optimally working blockchain consensus algorithm, in our chosen application, e-voting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20bft" title=" parallel bft"> parallel bft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consensus%20algorithms" title=" consensus algorithms"> consensus algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132393/an-investigation-enhancing-e-voting-application-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1886</span> Blockchain-Based Decentralized Architecture for Secure Medical Records Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20M.%20Alshahrani">Saeed M. Alshahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research integrated blockchain technology to reform medical records management in healthcare informatics. It was aimed at resolving the limitations of centralized systems by establishing a secure, decentralized, and user-centric platform. The system was architected with a sophisticated three-tiered structure, integrating advanced cryptographic methodologies, consensus algorithms, and the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) standard to ensure data security, transaction validity, and semantic interoperability. The research has profound implications for healthcare delivery, patient care, legal compliance, operational efficiency, and academic advancements in blockchain technology and healthcare IT sectors. The methodology adapted in this research comprises of Preliminary Feasibility Study, Literature Review, Design and Development, Cryptographic Algorithm Integration, Modeling the data and testing the system. The research employed a permissioned blockchain with a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm and Ethereum-based smart contracts. It integrated advanced cryptographic algorithms, role-based access control, multi-factor authentication, and RESTful APIs to ensure security, regulate access, authenticate user identities, and facilitate seamless data exchange between the blockchain and legacy healthcare systems. The research contributed to the development of a secure, interoperable, and decentralized system for managing medical records, addressing the limitations of the centralized systems that were in place. Future work will delve into optimizing the system further, exploring additional blockchain use cases in healthcare, and expanding the adoption of the system globally, contributing to the evolution of global healthcare practices and policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20informatics" title="healthcare informatics">healthcare informatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20records%20management" title=" medical records management"> medical records management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralized%20architecture" title=" decentralized architecture"> decentralized architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20security" title=" data security"> data security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptographic%20algorithms" title=" cryptographic algorithms"> cryptographic algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173815/blockchain-based-decentralized-architecture-for-secure-medical-records-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1885</span> Topics of Blockchain Technology to Teach at Community College</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penn%20P.%20Wu">Penn P. Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeannie%20Jo"> Jeannie Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blockchain technology has rapidly gained popularity in industry. This paper attempts to assist academia to answer four questions. First, should community colleges begin offering education to nurture blockchain-literate students for the job market? Second, what are the appropriate topical areas to cover? Third, should it be an individual course? And forth, should it be a technical or management course? This paper starts with identifying the knowledge domains of blockchain technology and the topical areas each domain has, and continues with placing them in appropriate academic territories (Computer Sciences vs. Business) and subjects (programming, management, marketing, and laws), and then develops an evaluation model to determine the appropriate topical area for community colleges to teach. The evaluation is based on seven factors: maturity of technology, impacts on management, real-world applications, subject classification, knowledge prerequisites, textbook readiness, and recommended pedagogies. The evaluation results point to an interesting direction that offering an introductory course is an ideal option to guide students through the learning journey of what blockchain is and how it applies to business. Such an introductory course does not need to engage students in the discussions of mathematics and sciences that make blockchain technologies possible. While it is inevitable to brief technical topics to help students build a solid knowledge foundation of blockchain technologies, community colleges should avoid offering students a course centered on the discussion of developing blockchain applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogies" title=" pedagogies"> pedagogies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technologies" title=" blockchain technologies"> blockchain technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20course" title=" blockchain course"> blockchain course</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20pedagogies" title=" blockchain pedagogies"> blockchain pedagogies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98679/topics-of-blockchain-technology-to-teach-at-community-college" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1884</span> Blockchain Solutions for IoT Challenges: Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Ali%20Fatoorchi">Amir Ali Fatoorchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regardless of the advantage of LoT devices, they have limitations like storage, compute, and security problems. In recent years, a lot of Blockchain-based research in IoT published and presented. In this paper, we present the Security issues of LoT. IoT has three levels of security issues: Low-level, Intermediate-level, and High-level. We survey and compare blockchain-based solutions for high-level security issues and show how the underlying technology of bitcoin and Ethereum could solve IoT problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blockchain" title="Blockchain">Blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20security" title=" data security"> data security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142808/blockchain-solutions-for-iot-challenges-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1883</span> Governance Token Distributions of Layer-One.X</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Wongthongtham">P. Wongthongtham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Coutinho"> K. Coutinho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20MacCarthy"> A. MacCarthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Layer-One.X (L1X) blockchain provides the infrastructure layer, and decentralised applications can be created on the L1X infrastructure. L1X tokenomics are important and require a proportional balance between token distribution, nurturing user activity and engagement, and financial incentives. In this paper, we present research in progress on L1X tokenomics describing key concepts and implementations, including token velocity and value, incentive scheme, and broad distribution. Particularly the economic design of the native token of the L1X blockchain, called HeartBit (HB), is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tokenisation" title="tokenisation">tokenisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20one%20blockchain" title=" layer one blockchain"> layer one blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interoperability" title=" interoperability"> interoperability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=token%20distribution" title=" token distribution"> token distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L1X%20blockchain" title=" L1X blockchain"> L1X blockchain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151915/governance-token-distributions-of-layer-onex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1882</span> Transforming Water-Energy-Gas Industry through Smart Metering and Blockchain Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khoi%20A.%20Nguyen">Khoi A. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodney%20A.%20Stewart"> Rodney A. Stewart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Zhang"> Hong Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advanced metering technologies coupled with informatics creates an opportunity to form digital multi-utility service providers. These providers will be able to concurrently collect a customers’ medium-high resolution water, electricity and gas demand data and provide user-friendly platforms to feed this information back to customers and supply/distribution utility organisations. With the emergence of blockchain technology, a new research area has been explored which helps bring this multi-utility service provider concept to a much higher level. This study aims at introducing a breakthrough system architecture where smart metering technology in water, energy, and gas (WEG) are combined with blockchain technology to provide customer a novel real-time consumption report and decentralized resource trading platform. A pilot study on 4 properties in Australia has been undertaken to demonstrate this system, where benefits for customers and utilities are undeniable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20multi-utility" title=" digital multi-utility"> digital multi-utility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20use" title=" end use"> end use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20forecasting" title=" demand forecasting"> demand forecasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83739/transforming-water-energy-gas-industry-through-smart-metering-and-blockchain-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1881</span> Optimizing Resource Management in Cloud Computing through Blockchain-Enabled Cost Transparency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghava%20Satya%20SaiKrishna%20Dittakavi">Raghava Satya SaiKrishna Dittakavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing has revolutionized how businesses and individuals store, access, and process data, increasing efficiency and reducing infrastructure costs. However, the need for more transparency in cloud service billing often raises concerns about overcharging and hidden fees, hindering the realization of the full potential of cloud computing. This research paper explores how blockchain technology can be leveraged to introduce cost transparency and accountability in cloud computing services. We present a comprehensive analysis of blockchain-enabled solutions that enhance cost visibility, facilitate auditability, and promote trust in cloud service providers. Through this study, we aim to provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges of implementing blockchain in the cloud computing domain, leading to improved cost management and customer satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20transparency" title=" cost transparency"> cost transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title=" blockchain technology"> blockchain technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173705/optimizing-resource-management-in-cloud-computing-through-blockchain-enabled-cost-transparency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1880</span> Secure and Privacy-Enhanced Blockchain-Based Authentication System for University User Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20El%20Ksimi">Ali El Ksimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today's digital academic environment, secure authentication methods are essential for managing sensitive user data, including that of students and faculty. The rise in cyber threats and data breaches has exposed the vulnerabilities of traditional authentication systems used in universities. Passwords, often the first line of defense, are particularly susceptible to hacking, phishing, and brute-force attacks. While multi-factor authentication (MFA) provides an additional layer of security, it can still be compromised and often adds complexity and inconvenience for users. As universities seek more robust security measures, blockchain technology emerges as a promising solution. Renowned for its decentralization, immutability, and transparency, blockchain has the potential to transform how user management is conducted in academic institutions. In this article, we explore a system that leverages blockchain technology specifically for managing user accounts within a university setting. The system enables the secure creation and management of accounts for different roles, such as administrators, teachers, and students. Each user is authenticated through a decentralized application (DApp) that ensures their data is securely stored and managed on the blockchain. By eliminating single points of failure and utilizing cryptographic techniques, the system enhances the security and integrity of user management processes. We will delve into the technical architecture, security benefits, and implementation considerations of this approach. By integrating blockchain into user management, we aim to address the limitations of traditional systems and pave the way for the future of digital security in education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title=" decentralization"> decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title=" cybersecurity"> cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20management" title=" user management"> user management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190149/secure-and-privacy-enhanced-blockchain-based-authentication-system-for-university-user-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1879</span> Survey on Malware Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Wael">Doaa Wael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naswa%20Abdelbaky"> Naswa Abdelbaky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malware is malicious software that is built to cause destructive actions and damage information systems and networks. Malware infections increase rapidly, and types of malware have become more sophisticated, which makes the malware detection process more difficult. On the other side, the Internet of Things IoT technology is vulnerable to malware attacks. These IoT devices are always connected to the internet and lack security. This makes them easy for hackers to access. These malware attacks are becoming the go-to attack for hackers. Thus, in order to deal with this challenge, new malware detection techniques are needed. Currently, building a blockchain solution that allows IoT devices to download any file from the internet and to verify/approve whether it is malicious or not is the need of the hour. In recent years, blockchain technology has stood as a solution to everything due to its features like decentralization, persistence, and anonymity. Moreover, using blockchain technology overcomes some difficulties in malware detection and improves the malware detection ratio over-than the techniques that do not utilize blockchain technology. In this paper, we study malware detection models which are based on blockchain technology. Furthermore, we elaborate on the effect of blockchain technology in malware detection, especially in the android environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malware%20analysis" title="malware analysis">malware analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malware%20attacks" title=" malware attacks"> malware attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malware%20detection%20approaches" title=" malware detection approaches"> malware detection approaches</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164823/survey-on-malware-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1878</span> A Lightweight Blockchain: Enhancing Internet of Things Driven Smart Buildings Scalability and Access Control Using Intelligent Direct Acyclic Graph Architecture and Smart Contracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Irfan%20Raza%20Naqvi">Syed Irfan Raza Naqvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Jiangbin"> Zheng Jiangbin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Moshin"> Ahmad Moshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pervez%20Akhter"> Pervez Akhter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the IoT system depends on a centralized client-servant architecture that causes various scalability and privacy vulnerabilities. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) introduces a set of opportunities for the IoT, which leads to practical ideas for existing components at all levels of existing architectures. Blockchain Technology (BCT) appears to be one approach to solving several IoT problems, like Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum, which offer multiple possibilities. Besides, IoTs are resource-constrained devices with insufficient capacity and computational overhead to process blockchain consensus mechanisms; the traditional BCT existing challenge for IoTs is poor scalability, energy efficiency, and transaction fees. IOTA is a distributed ledger based on Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) that ensures M2M micro-transactions are free of charge. IOTA has the potential to address existing IoT-related difficulties such as infrastructure scalability, privacy and access control mechanisms. We proposed an architecture, SLDBI: A Scalable, lightweight DAG-based Blockchain Design for Intelligent IoT Systems, which adapts the DAG base Tangle and implements a lightweight message data model to address the IoT limitations. It enables the smooth integration of new IoT devices into a variety of apps. SLDBI enables comprehensive access control, energy efficiency, and scalability in IoT ecosystems by utilizing the Masked Authentication Message (MAM) protocol and the IOTA Smart Contract Protocol (ISCP). Furthermore, we suggest proof-of-work (PoW) computation on the full node in an energy-efficient way. Experiments have been carried out to show the capability of a tangle to achieve better scalability while maintaining energy efficiency. The findings show user access control management at granularity levels and ensure scale up to massive networks with thousands of IoT nodes, such as Smart Connected Buildings (SCBDs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOT" title=" IOT"> IOT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20acyclic%20graphy" title=" direct acyclic graphy"> direct acyclic graphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalability" title=" scalability"> scalability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20control" title=" access control"> access control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20contract" title=" smart contract"> smart contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20connected%20buildings" title=" smart connected buildings"> smart connected buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148683/a-lightweight-blockchain-enhancing-internet-of-things-driven-smart-buildings-scalability-and-access-control-using-intelligent-direct-acyclic-graph-architecture-and-smart-contracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1877</span> The Synergistic Effects of Blockchain and AI on Enhancing Data Integrity and Decision-Making Accuracy in Smart Contracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayor%20Ajfar%20Aaron">Sayor Ajfar Aaron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjat%20Hossain%20Abir"> Sajjat Hossain Abir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashif%20Newaz"> Ashif Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushfiqur%20Rahman"> Mushfiqur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigating the convergence of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence, this paper examines their synergistic effects on data integrity and decision-making within smart contracts. By implementing AI-driven analytics on blockchain-based platforms, the research identifies improvements in automated contract enforcement and decision accuracy. The paper presents a framework that leverages AI to enhance transparency and trust while blockchain ensures immutable record-keeping, culminating in significantly optimized operational efficiencies in various industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20integrity" title=" data integrity"> data integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20contracts" title=" smart contracts"> smart contracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185868/the-synergistic-effects-of-blockchain-and-ai-on-enhancing-data-integrity-and-decision-making-accuracy-in-smart-contracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1876</span> BlueVision: A Visual Tool for Exploring a Blockchain Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jett%20Black">Jett Black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordyn%20Godsey"> Jordyn Godsey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaby%20G.%20Dagher"> Gaby G. Dagher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Cutchin"> Steve Cutchin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the growing interest in distributed ledger technology, many data visualizations of blockchain are limited to monotonous tabular displays or overly abstract graphical representations that fail to adequately educate individuals on blockchain components and their functionalities. To address these limitations, it is imperative to develop data visualizations that offer not only comprehensive insights into these domains but education as well. This research focuses on providing a conceptual understanding of the consensus process that underlies blockchain technology. This is accomplished through the implementation of a dynamic network visualization and an interactive educational tool called BlueVision. Further, a controlled user study is conducted to measure the effectiveness and usability of BlueVision. The findings demonstrate that the tool represents significant advancements in the field of blockchain visualization, effectively catering to the educational needs of both novice and proficient users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consensus" title=" consensus"> consensus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20network" title=" distributed network"> distributed network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170859/bluevision-a-visual-tool-for-exploring-a-blockchain-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1875</span> Governance Framework for an Emerging Trust Ecosystem with a Blockchain-Based Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismael%20%C3%81vila">Ismael Ávila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Reynaldo%20F.%20Filho"> José Reynaldo F. Filho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasco%20Varanda%20Picchi"> Vasco Varanda Picchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-growing consumer awareness of food provenance in Brazil is driving the creation of a trusted ecosystem around the animal protein supply chain. The traceability and accountability requirements of such an ecosystem demand a blockchain layer to strengthen the weak links in that chain. For that, direct involvement of the companies in the blockchain transactions, including as validator nodes of the network, implies formalizing a partnership with the consortium behind the ecosystem. Yet, their compliance standards usually require that a formal governance structure is in place before they agree with any membership terms. In light of such a strategic role of blockchain governance, the paper discusses a framework for tailoring a governance model for a blockchain-based solution aimed at the meat supply chain and evaluates principles and attributes in terms of their relevance to the development of a robust trust ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust%20ecosystem" title=" trust ecosystem"> trust ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traceability" title=" traceability"> traceability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153296/governance-framework-for-an-emerging-trust-ecosystem-with-a-blockchain-based-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1874</span> A Next-Generation Blockchain-Based Data Platform: Leveraging Decentralized Storage and Layer 2 Scaling for Secure Data Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Harper">Kenneth Harper</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid growth of data-driven decision-making across various industries necessitates advanced solutions to ensure data integrity, scalability, and security. This study introduces a decentralized data platform built on blockchain technology to improve data management processes in high-volume environments such as healthcare and financial services. The platform integrates blockchain networks using Cosmos SDK and Polkadot Substrate alongside decentralized storage solutions like IPFS and Filecoin, and coupled with decentralized computing infrastructure built on top of Avalanche. By leveraging advanced consensus mechanisms, we create a scalable, tamper-proof architecture that supports both structured and unstructured data. Key features include secure data ingestion, cryptographic hashing for robust data lineage, and Zero-Knowledge Proof mechanisms that enhance privacy while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Additionally, we implement performance optimizations through Layer 2 scaling solutions, including ZK-Rollups, which provide low-latency data access and trustless data verification across a distributed ledger. The findings from this exercise demonstrate significant improvements in data accessibility, reduced operational costs, and enhanced data integrity when tested in real-world scenarios. This platform reference architecture offers a decentralized alternative to traditional centralized data storage models, providing scalability, security, and operational efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmos%20SDK" title=" cosmos SDK"> cosmos SDK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralized%20data%20platform" title=" decentralized data platform"> decentralized data platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPFS" title=" IPFS"> IPFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZK-Rollups" title=" ZK-Rollups"> ZK-Rollups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191924/a-next-generation-blockchain-based-data-platform-leveraging-decentralized-storage-and-layer-2-scaling-for-secure-data-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1873</span> Using Blockchain Technology to Promote Sustainable Supply Chains: A Survey of Previous Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Abu%20Hashanah">Saleh Abu Hashanah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abirami%20Radhakrishnan"> Abirami Radhakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dessa%20David"> Dessa David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable practices in the supply chain have been an area of focus that require consideration of environmental, economic, and social sustainability practices. This paper aims to examine the use of blockchain as a disruptive technology to promote sustainable supply chains. Content analysis was used to analyze the uses of blockchain technology in sustainable supply chains. The results showed that blockchain technology features such as traceability, transparency, smart contracts, accountability, trust, immutability, anti-fraud, and decentralization promote sustainable supply chains. It is found that these features have impacted organizational efficiency in operations, transportation, and production, minimizing costs and reducing carbon emissions. In addition, blockchain technology has been found to elicit customer trust in the products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title="blockchain technology">blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chains" title=" supply chains"> supply chains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20sustainability" title=" economic sustainability"> economic sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability" title=" social sustainability"> social sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159519/using-blockchain-technology-to-promote-sustainable-supply-chains-a-survey-of-previous-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20architecture&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20architecture&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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