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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Newtonen_lehen_legea_edo_Inertziaren_printzipioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtonen_lehen_legea_edo_Inertziaren_printzipioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Newtonen lehen legea edo Inertziaren printzipioa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Newtonen_lehen_legea_edo_Inertziaren_printzipioa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Newtonen lehen legea edo Inertziaren printzipioa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Newtonen_lehen_legea_edo_Inertziaren_printzipioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erreferentzia-sistema_inertzialak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentzia-sistema_inertzialak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Erreferentzia-sistema inertzialak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentzia-sistema_inertzialak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newtonen_lehenengo_legearen_aplikazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtonen_lehenengo_legearen_aplikazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Newtonen lehenengo legearen aplikazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newtonen_lehenengo_legearen_aplikazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newtonen_bigarren_legea_edo_Indarraren_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtonen_bigarren_legea_edo_Indarraren_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Newtonen bigarren legea edo Indarraren legea</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Newtonen_bigarren_legea_edo_Indarraren_legea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Newtonen bigarren legea edo Indarraren legea azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Newtonen_bigarren_legea_edo_Indarraren_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa_konstantea_bada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa_konstantea_bada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa konstantea bada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa_konstantea_bada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masa_konstantea_ez_bada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_konstantea_ez_bada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Masa konstantea ez bada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_konstantea_ez_bada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newtonen_bigarren_legearen_aplikazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtonen_bigarren_legearen_aplikazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Newtonen bigarren legearen aplikazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newtonen_bigarren_legearen_aplikazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newtonen_hirugarren_legea_edo_akzio-erreakzioaren_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtonen_hirugarren_legea_edo_akzio-erreakzioaren_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Newtonen hirugarren legea edo akzio-erreakzioaren legea</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Newtonen_hirugarren_legea_edo_akzio-erreakzioaren_legea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Newtonen hirugarren legea edo akzio-erreakzioaren legea azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Newtonen_hirugarren_legea_edo_akzio-erreakzioaren_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newtonen_hirugarren_legearen_aplikazioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtonen_hirugarren_legearen_aplikazioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Newtonen hirugarren legearen aplikazioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newtonen_hirugarren_legearen_aplikazioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garrantzia_eta_baliagarritasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garrantzia_eta_baliagarritasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Garrantzia eta baliagarritasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garrantzia_eta_baliagarritasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oharrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oharrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Oharrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oharrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Newtonen legeak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 116 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_se_bewegingswette" title="Newton se bewegingswette – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Newton se bewegingswette" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonsche_Gesetze" title="Newtonsche Gesetze – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Newtonsche Gesetze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9" title="قوانين نيوتن للحركة – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوانين نيوتن للحركة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="নিউটনৰ গতিৰ সূত্ৰ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিউটনৰ গতিৰ সূত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleis_de_Newton" title="Lleis de Newton – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lleis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuton_qanunlar%C4%B1" title="Nyuton qanunları – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyuton qanunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نیوتونون حرکت قانونلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیوتونون حرکت قانونلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hukum gerak Newton" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonsche_Axiome" title="Newtonsche Axiome – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Newtonsche Axiome" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютана – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Законы Ньютана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютана – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Законы Ньютана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Закони на Нютон – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закони на Нютон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्यूटन के गति के नियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="न्यूटन के गति के नियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="নিউটনের গতিসূত্রসমূহ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউটনের গতিসূত্রসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_kretanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Ньютоной хуулинууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ньютоной хуулинууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleis_de_Newton" title="Lleis de Newton – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lleis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_%C3%B4ng-d%C3%B4ng_d%C3%AAng-l%C5%ADk" title="Newton ông-dông dêng-lŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Newton ông-dông dêng-lŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="یاساکانی جووڵەی نیوتن – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاساکانی جووڵەی نیوتن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovy_pohybov%C3%A9_z%C3%A1kony" title="Newtonovy pohybové zákony – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Newtonovy pohybové zákony" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ньютон саккунĕсем – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ньютон саккунĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deddfau_mudiant_Newton" title="Deddfau mudiant Newton – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deddfau mudiant Newton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_love" title="Newtons love – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Newtons love" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonsche_Gesetze" title="Newtonsche Gesetze – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Newtonsche Gesetze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Νόμοι κίνησης του Νεύτωνα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόμοι κίνησης του Νεύτωνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Newton's laws of motion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%9Doj_de_Newton_pri_movo" title="Leĝoj de Newton pri movo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leĝoj de Newton pri movo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyes_de_Newton" title="Leyes de Newton – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leyes de Newton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtoni_seadused" title="Newtoni seadused – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Newtoni seadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="قوانین حرکت نیوتن – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوانین حرکت نیوتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonin_lait" title="Newtonin lait – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Newtonin lait" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_du_mouvement_de_Newton" title="Lois du mouvement de Newton – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lois du mouvement de Newton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetten_fan_Newton" title="Wetten fan Newton – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetten fan Newton" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%ADthe_gluaisne_Newton" title="Dlíthe gluaisne Newton – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlíthe gluaisne Newton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalwa_di_mouvman_di_Newton" title="Lalwa di mouvman di Newton – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lalwa di mouvman di Newton" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B" title="ગતિના નિયમો – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગતિના નિયમો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="חוקי התנועה של ניוטון – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוקי התנועה של ניוטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्यूटन के गति नियम – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूटन के गति नियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_gibanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwa_mouvman_Newton" title="Lwa mouvman Newton – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwa mouvman Newton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nyei" title="Newton törvényei – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Newton törvényei" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նյուտոնի օրենքներ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյուտոնի օրենքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նիւթոնի շարժման օրէնքներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիւթոնի շարժման օրէնքներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leges_de_Newton" title="Leges de Newton – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Leges de Newton" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum gerak Newton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi_di_Newton" title="Legi di Newton – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Legi di Newton" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6gm%C3%A1l_Newtons" title="Lögmál Newtons – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lögmál Newtons" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principi_della_dinamica" title="Principi della dinamica – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principi della dinamica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="ニュートン力学 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュートン力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuutan_laa_a_muoshan" title="Nyuutan laa a muoshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuutan laa a muoshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნიუტონის კანონები – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუტონის კანონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_ciiduu_pa%C9%A3t%CA%8B_nd%C9%A9_nd%C9%A9" title="Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Newton ciiduu paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawatho_matano_ma_Newton" title="Mawatho matano ma Newton – kikuyuera" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mawatho matano ma Newton" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyuera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ньютон заңдары – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ньютон заңдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ច្បាប់ចលនារបស់ញូតុន – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ច្បាប់ចលនារបស់ញូតុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ನ್ಯೂಟನ್‍ನ ಚಲನೆಯ ನಿಯಮಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯೂಟನ್‍ನ ಚಲನೆಯ ನಿಯಮಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="뉴턴 운동 법칙 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴턴 운동 법칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leges_motus_Newtoni" title="Leges motus Newtoni – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leges motus Newtoni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A8tte_van_Newton" title="Wètte van Newton – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wètte van Newton" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutono_d%C4%97sniai" title="Niutono dėsniai – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niutono dėsniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85%C5%ABtona_likumi" title="Ņūtona likumi – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņūtona likumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्युटनक गति नियम – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="न्युटनक गति नियम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Њутнови закони – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Њутнови закони" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ന്യൂട്ടന്റെ ചലനനിയമങ്ങൾ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂട്ടന്റെ ചലനനിയമങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Ньютоны хуулиуд – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ньютоны хуулиуд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="न्यूटनचे गतीचे नियम – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यूटनचे गतीचे नियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum-hukum_gerakan_Newton" title="Hukum-hukum gerakan Newton – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hukum-hukum gerakan Newton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="နယူတန်၏ ရွေ့လျားမှုဆိုင်ရာ နိယာမများ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူတန်၏ ရွေ့လျားမှုဆိုင်ရာ နိယာမများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_zien_wetten" title="Newton zien wetten – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Newton zien wetten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="न्युटनको गतिका नियमहरू – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्युटनको गतिका नियमहरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetten_van_Newton" title="Wetten van Newton – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wetten van Newton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_r%C3%B8rslelover" title="Newtons rørslelover – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Newtons rørslelover" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_bevegelseslover" title="Newtons bevegelseslover – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Newtons bevegelseslover" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Leis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%AE" title="ਨਿਊਟਨ ਦੇ ਗਤੀ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਟਨ ਦੇ ਗਤੀ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasady_dynamiki_Newtona" title="Zasady dynamiki Newtona – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zasady dynamiki Newtona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lej_d%C3%ABl_moviment_%C3%ABd_Newton" title="Lej dël moviment ëd Newton – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lej dël moviment ëd Newton" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%92_%DA%86%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نیوٹن دے چلن دے قنون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوٹن دے چلن دے قنون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%DA%81%DA%9A%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%93%D9%87_%D8%AF_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="د خوځښت په اړه د نیوټن قوانین – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د خوځښت په اړه د نیوټن قوانین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leis de Newton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legile_lui_Newton" title="Legile lui Newton – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legile lui Newton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютона – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Законы Ньютона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ньютоновы законы рушаня – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ньютоновы законы рушаня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ньютон сокуоннара – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньютон сокуоннара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liggi_di_Newton" title="Liggi di Newton – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liggi di Newton" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%AA%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيوٽن جا حرڪت جا قانون – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيوٽن جا حرڪت جا قانون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_kretanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islgan_n_umussu_n_Nyu%E1%B9%ADun" title="Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B3_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8" title="චලිතය පිළිබඳ නිව්ටන් නියම – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චලිතය පිළිබඳ නිව්ටන් නියම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Newton's laws of motion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonove_pohybov%C3%A9_z%C3%A1kony" title="Newtonove pohybové zákony – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Newtonove pohybové zákony" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="نیوٹن دا پہلا قنون – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نیوٹن دا پہلا قنون" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_gibanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitemo_yaNewton_paMuhambo" title="Mitemo yaNewton paMuhambo – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitemo yaNewton paMuhambo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligjet_e_Njutonit" title="Ligjet e Njutonit – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligjet e Njutonit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Њутнови закони – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њутнови закони" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hukum gerak Newton" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_r%C3%B6relselagar" title="Newtons rörelselagar – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Newtons rörelselagar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நியூட்டனின் இயக்க விதிகள் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூட்டனின் இயக்க விதிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="న్యూటన్ సూత్రాలు – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూటన్ సూత్రాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎการเคลื่อนที่ของนิวตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_batas_ng_mosyon_ni_Newton" title="Mga batas ng mosyon ni Newton – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga batas ng mosyon ni Newton" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27un_hareket_yasalar%C4%B1" title="Newton'un hareket yasaları – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Newton'un hareket yasaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ньютон законнары – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ньютон законнары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Закони Ньютона – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закони Ньютона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="نیوٹن کے قوانین حرکت – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوٹن کے قوانین حرکت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_qonunlari" title="Newton qonunlari – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Newton qonunlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_lu%E1%BA%ADt_v%E1%BB%81_chuy%E1%BB%83n_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_c%E1%BB%A7a_Newton" title="Các định luật về chuyển động của Newton – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Các định luật về chuyển động của Newton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaod_nga_mosyon_ha_Newton" title="Balaod nga mosyon ha Newton – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balaod nga mosyon ha Newton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛顿运动定律 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="牛顿运动定律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%B2fin_%C3%ACm%C3%BAr%C3%ACn_Newton" title="Àwọn òfin ìmúrìn Newton – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn òfin ìmúrìn Newton" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛顿运动定律 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="牛顿运动定律" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓定律 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="牛頓定律" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="牛頓運動定律 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="牛頓運動定律" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imithetho_yomdiki_kaNewton" title="Imithetho yomdiki kaNewton – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imithetho yomdiki kaNewton" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" 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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Artikulu sorta honen partea:</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasiko" title="Mekanika klasiko">Mekanika klasikoa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0e889207254cfbfab613b8beba214f5e4d2430d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.49ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}}"></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="font-size:90%;padding:0.6em 0;font-style:italic;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newtonen legeak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; display:block;margin-bottom:1.0em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasikoaren_historia" title="Mekanika klasikoaren historia">Historia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_Klasikoaren_kronologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanika Klasikoaren kronologia">Kronologia</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Adarrak</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_aplikatua" title="Mekanika aplikatua">Aplikatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinamika" title="Dinamika">Dinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estatika" title="Estatika">Estatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeruko_mekanika" title="Zeruko mekanika">Zerukoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinematika" title="Zinematika">Zinematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medio_jarraituen_mekanika" title="Medio jarraituen mekanika">Medio jarraituak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinetika_(fisika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinetika (fisika) (sortu gabe)">Zinetika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_estatistiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika estatistiko (sortu gabe)">Estatistikoa</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Oinarriak</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiadura" title="Abiadura">Abiadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azelerazio" title="Azelerazio">Azelerazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiadura-modulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiadura-modulu">Abiadura-modulua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulkada_(fisika)" title="Bulkada (fisika)">Bulkada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%27Alembert-en_printzipioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D'Alembert-en printzipioa (sortu gabe)">D'Alembert-en printzipioa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denbora" title="Denbora">Denbora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energia_potentzial" title="Energia potentzial">potentziala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_zinetiko" title="Energia zinetiko">zinetikoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema" title="Erreferentzia-sistema">Erreferentzia-sistema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema_inertzial" title="Erreferentzia-sistema inertzial">Erreferentzia-sistema inertziala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema_ez-inertzial" title="Erreferentzia-sistema ez-inertzial">Erreferentzia-sistema ez-inertziala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espazio" title="Espazio">Espazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indar-pare" title="Indar-pare">Indar-parea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indar" title="Indar">Indarra</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inertzia" title="Inertzia">Inertzia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Inertzia-momentu" title="Inertzia-momentu">Inertzia-momentua</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_(fisika)" title="Lan (fisika)">Lana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lan_birtual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lan birtual (sortu gabe)">Lan birtuala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Momentu_(fisika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momentu (fisika) (sortu gabe)">Momentua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentu_angeluar" title="Momentu angeluar">Momentu angeluarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentu_lineal" title="Momentu lineal">Momentu lineala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentzia" title="Potentzia">Potentzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torke" class="mw-redirect" title="Torke">Torkea</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Zientzialariak</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_Horrocks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremiah Horrocks (sortu gabe)">Horrocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">d'Alembert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Clairaut" title="Alexis Clairaut">Clairaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange" title="Joseph-Louis Lagrange">Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Laplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson" title="Siméon Denis Poisson">Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli" title="Daniel Bernoulli">Daniel Bernoulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Bernoulli" title="Johann Bernoulli">Johann Bernoulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin-Louis_Cauchy" title="Augustin-Louis Cauchy">Cauchy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Muinekoak</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibrazio" title="Bibrazio">Bibrazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desplazamendu_(fisika)" title="Desplazamendu (fisika)">Desplazamendua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema" title="Erreferentzia-sistema">Erreferentzia-sistema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema_inertzial" title="Erreferentzia-sistema inertzial">Erreferentzia-sistema inertziala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema_ez-inertzial" title="Erreferentzia-sistema ez-inertzial">Erreferentzia-sistema ez-inertziala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorputz_zurrun" title="Gorputz zurrun">Gorputz zurruna</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eulerren_ekuazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eulerren ekuazio (sortu gabe)">Eulerren ekuazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solido_zurrunaren_mekanika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solido zurrunaren mekanika (sortu gabe)">Solido zurrunaren mekanika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabitazio_unibertsalaren_legea" title="Grabitazio unibertsalaren legea"><span style="white-space: normal;">Grabitazio unibertsalaren legea</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higidura_zuzen" title="Higidura zuzen">Higidura zuzena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higidura" title="Higidura">Higidura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marruskadura-indar" title="Marruskadura-indar">Marruskadura-indarra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newtonen legeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osziladore_harmoniko" title="Osziladore harmoniko">Osziladore harmonikoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moteltze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moteltze (sortu gabe)">Moteltze</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Moteltze_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moteltze ratio (sortu gabe)">Moteltze ratio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higiduraren_ekuazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higiduraren ekuazio (sortu gabe)">Higiduraren ekuazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eulerren_higiduraren_legeak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eulerren higiduraren legeak (sortu gabe)"><span style="white-space: normal;">Eulerren higiduraren legeak</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itxurazko_indar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itxurazko indar (sortu gabe)">Itxurazko indarra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikula_planarraren_higadura-mekanika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikula planarraren higadura-mekanika (sortu gabe)">Partikula planarraren higadura-mekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abiadura_erlatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abiadura erlatibo (sortu gabe)">Abiadura erlatiboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higidura_harmoniko_sinple" title="Higidura harmoniko sinple">Higidura harmoniko sinple</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Biraketa-ardatz" title="Biraketa-ardatz">Biraketa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiadura_angeluar" title="Abiadura angeluar">Abiadura angeluarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiadura" title="Abiadura">Abiadura tangentziala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azelerazio_angeluar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azelerazio angeluar (sortu gabe)">Azelerazio angeluarra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biraketa-abiadura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biraketa-abiadura (sortu gabe)">Biraketa-abiadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriolis_efektua" title="Coriolis efektua">Coriolis efektua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desplazamendu_angeluar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desplazamendu angeluar (sortu gabe)">Desplazamendua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia-sistema" title="Erreferentzia-sistema">Erreferentzia-sistema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higidura_zirkular" title="Higidura zirkular">Higidura zirkular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indar_zentripetu" title="Indar zentripetu">Indar zentripetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indar_zentrifugo" title="Indar zentrifugo">Indar zentrifugo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiztasun_angeluar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maiztasun angeluar (sortu gabe)">Maiztasuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendulu_(matematika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendulu (matematika)">Pendulua</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Formulazioak</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newtonen legeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_analitiko" title="Mekanika analitiko">Mekanika analitikoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagrangeren_mekanika" title="Lagrangeren mekanika">Mekanika Lagrangiar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanika_Hamiltoniar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanika Hamiltoniar (sortu gabe)">Mekanika Hamiltoniar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanika_Routhiar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanika Routhiar (sortu gabe)">Mekanika Routhiar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton%E2%80%93Jacobi_ekuazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton–Jacobi ekuazioa (sortu gabe)">Hamilton–Jacobi ekuazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellen_higidura-ekuazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appellen higidura-ekuazioa (sortu gabe)">Appellen higidura-ekuazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koopman%E2%80%93von_Neumann_mekanika_klasiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koopman–von Neumann mekanika klasiko (sortu gabe)">Koopman–von Neumann mekanika</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Kategoriak</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.35em;"><div class="hlist"><div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Mekanika_klasikoa" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mekanika_klasikoa" title="Kategoria:Mekanika 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poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/220px-seek%3D71-Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="266" data-mwtitle="Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm/Newtonen_legeak_Azalpena_4_DBH.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><b>Newtonen legeak</b> ulertzeko bideoa.<hr /><span style="color: #777;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.jakindun.com/" rel="nofollow"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/33px-Jakindun_logoa.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/50px-Jakindun_logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/66px-Jakindun_logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Bideo hau Jakindun elkarteak egin du. Gehiago dituzu eskuragarri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jakindun.com/">euren gunean</a>. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu <a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Jakindunen_bideoak_dituzten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak"><b>hemen</b></a>.</span></figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Newtons_laws_in_latin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Newtons_laws_in_latin.jpg" decoding="async" width="296" height="461" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Newtonen lehen eta bigarren legeak, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinez</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" title="Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica">Principia Mathematica</a></i>ren jatorrizko edizioan</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Newtonen legeak</b> gorputzen <a href="/wiki/Higidura" title="Higidura">higidura</a> azaltzeko erabiltzen diren hiru printzipio dira. Lege hauen formulazio matematikoa <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newtonek</a> argitaratu zuen <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>. urtean, bere <a href="/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" title="Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica"><i>Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica</i></a> liburuan. Newtonen legeak, <a href="/wiki/Galileoren_eraldaketa" title="Galileoren eraldaketa">Galileoren transformazioekin</a> batera, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasiko" title="Mekanika klasiko">mekanika klasikoaren</a> oinarria dira. <i>Principia-ren</i> hirugarren liburukian, Newtonek frogatu zuen lege horiek bere grabitazio unibertsalaren legearekin konbinatuz gero, <a href="/wiki/Keplerren_legeak" title="Keplerren legeak">Keplerren legeak</a> ondoriozta eta azal daitezkeela.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newtonen legeak orokorki ezagutzen diren moduan <a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia_sistema_inertzial" class="mw-redirect" title="Erreferentzia sistema inertzial">erreferentzia sistema inertzialetan</a> bakarrik aplika daitezke. <a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia_sistema_ez-inertzial" class="mw-redirect" title="Erreferentzia sistema ez-inertzial">Erreferentzia sistema ez-inertzialetan</a>, indar errealekin batera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indar_irudikari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indar irudikari (sortu gabe)">indar irudikariak</a> ere kontuan hartu behar dira. Hiru lege hauetan erabiltzen den hitz gakoa da indarrarena. Zera esan nahi du honek: Indarra gorputz batek beste batetan eragiten duen elkarrekintza bat da, zeinak bi eragin izan ditzakeen, gorputzen deformazioa eta higidura-aldaketa. Bestalde, aipatzekoa da behin eta berriz erabiltzen den masa masa inertziala dela, masa grabitazionalaren desberdina dena nahiz eta balio numeriko berdina duten. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newtonen_lehen_legea_edo_Inertziaren_printzipioa">Newtonen lehen legea edo Inertziaren printzipioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newtonen lehen legea edo Inertziaren printzipioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Newtonen lehen legea edo Inertziaren printzipioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Batzuetan, lege honi <b>Galileoren printzipioa</b> ere deitzen zaio. </p> <table style="background-color:#e0e0e0;border-collapse:collapse;border-radius: 6px;border-style:none;margin: .5em 2.75em; padding: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">« </td> <td align="left" style="padding:10px; padding-bottom:0; font-size: 90%;">Edozein partikula abiadura konstantez higituko da harengan eragiten duen indarrik ez badago. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 10px; padding-top:0; font-size: 85%;"><p style="line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>oh 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Lehenengo legearen arabera, gorputz bat mugimenduan egoteko indar bat aplikatu behar zaio. Beraz, bere hasierako egoera aldatzeko beharrezkoa da indar bat edo indar multzo bat agertzea. Newtonen arabera, mugimenduan dagoen gorputz oro marruskadura- edo igurzte-indarren menpe dago eta indar horiek gorputza geldiaraztea eragiten dute. </p><p>Mugimenduan dagoen gorputz bat geldiarazteko bere gain indar bat aplikatu behar da. Pausagunean dagoen gorputz baten abiadura zero izango da, eta horri indar neto bat aplikatuz gero, abiadura aldatuko da. </p><p>Newtonen lehenengo legeak geldiuneko egoeraren eta mugimendu zuzen uniformearen arteko baliokidetasuna ezartzen du. Har dezagun S eta S’ erreferentzia- sistema bat, non S’ S-rekiko abiadura konstantez higitzen den. S’ sisteman, pausagunean dagoen partikula baten gain ez badu indar batek eragiten, partikula horrek S’ sistemarekiko geldiunean jarraituko du eta S sistemarekiko mugimendu zuzen uniformean. Sistema horiek erreferentzia-sistema inertzialak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erreferentzia-sistema_inertzialak">Erreferentzia-sistema inertzialak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentzia-sistema inertzialak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentzia-sistema inertzialak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erreferentzia-sistema inertzialak indar garbirik jasaten ez duten gorputzak abiadura konstantez mugitzen direla azaltzeko erabiltzen dira. </p><p>Azelerazioa duen erreferentzia-sistema bat ez da inertzia-sistema bat izango. Erreferentzia-sistema ez inertziala izango da. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:1ley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1ley.jpg/220px-1ley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1ley.jpg/330px-1ley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/1ley.jpg/440px-1ley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Adibidez, eskumako irudian ω abiadura konstantez biratzen ari den plataforma bat dugu. Bertan dagoen objektua ardatz birakariari dago lotuta soka batez. Bi behatzaile daude: bata inertziala, plataformatik kanpo dagoena, eta bestea ez-inertziala, plataforma gainean dagoena. </p> <ul><li>Behatzaile inertziala: Haren ikuspuntutik blokea mugimendu zirkularrean mugitzen da <i>v</i> abiadurarekin eta plataformaren erdirantz azeleratuta dago azelerazio zentripetu batekin. Azelerazio hori sokaren tentsioak eragindako indarragatik agertuko da.</li></ul> <ul><li>Behatzaile ez-inertziala: Bere ustez, objektua geldirik dago. Hau da, tentsioa indargabetzen duen itxurazko indar bat ikusten du azelerazio zentripetua desagertzeko. Indar hori <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{c}={\frac {mv^{2}}{r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{c}={\frac {mv^{2}}{r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf9f533e7cab98a802315729e12f73645f8e1559" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.596ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{c}={\frac {mv^{2}}{r}}}"></span>izan behar da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newtonen_lehenengo_legearen_aplikazioa">Newtonen lehenengo legearen aplikazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newtonen lehenengo legearen aplikazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Newtonen lehenengo legearen aplikazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Demagun soka bati lotuta dagoen bola bat ibilbide zirkular bat jarraituz biratzen dela. Sokak eragindako indar zentripetuaren (tentsioa) ondorioz, masak ibilbide zirkularra jarraituko du. Baina soka apurtuz gero, bolak, ibilbide zuzen bat jarraituko du abiaduraren norabide berean. Apurketaren ondoren bolaren gain eragindako indar garbia 0 izango da, mugimendu zuzen uniformea jasanez. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gifbola1.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="thumb[Betiko hautsitako esteka]"><img alt="thumb[Betiko hautsitako esteka]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gifbola1.gif" decoding="async" width="422" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>thumb<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: martxoa 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newtonen_bigarren_legea_edo_Indarraren_legea">Newtonen bigarren legea edo Indarraren legea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newtonen bigarren legea edo Indarraren legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Newtonen bigarren legea edo Indarraren legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newtonen bigarren legea formulatzeko era asko daude, objektu batean eragiten duten indarrek eta objektu horrek duen <a href="/wiki/Momentu_lineal" title="Momentu lineal">momentu linealaren</a> aldakuntza erlazionatzen dituelarik. Formulazioetatik lehena, honako hau, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_newtondar" title="Mekanika newtondar">mekanika newtondar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erlatibitatearen_teoria" title="Erlatibitatearen teoria">erlatibistan</a> betetzen da. </p> <table style="background-color:#e0e0e0;border-collapse:collapse;border-radius: 6px;border-style:none;margin: .5em 2.75em; padding: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">« </td> <td align="left" style="padding:10px; padding-bottom:0; font-size: 90%;">Objektu baten <a href="/wiki/Momentu_lineal" title="Momentu lineal">momentu linealaren</a> aldakuntza, gorputz horretan eragiten duten indarren erresultantearen proportzionala da, eta aldakuntza horrek indar erresultantearen noranzkoa izango du. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 10px; padding-top:0; font-size: 85%;"><p style="line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>oh 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p>Lege hori indarraren kontzeptua kuantifikatzeaz arduratzen da. Gorputz batek jasaten duen azelerazioa, gorputz horren gain eragindako indar garbiarekiko proportzionala izango da. Proportzionaltasun konstantea gorputzaren masa da. Indarra, mugimendu aldaketaren indarraren, aplikatutako indarraren eta gorputz baten abiadura aldaketaren arteko proportzionaltasunaren eragina dela esan daiteke. Matematikoki honela adierazten da: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa_konstantea_bada"><span id=".7F.27.22.60UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU.60.22.27.7FMasa_konstantea_bada"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={\frac {{\text{d}}{\boldsymbol {p}}}{{\text{d}}t}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>d</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>d</mtext> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={\frac {{\text{d}}{\boldsymbol {p}}}{{\text{d}}t}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/607205ee6a51bd5f1ad0afa43bb1b6efb79919f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.151ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={\frac {{\text{d}}{\boldsymbol {p}}}{{\text{d}}t}},}"></span>Masa konstantea bada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «'"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa konstantea bada»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000003-QINU`"'Masa konstantea bada"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gorputzaren masa konstantea bada, dinamikaren hurrengo ekuazioa aplikatu daiteke. Non <i>m</i> gorputzaren masa konstantea izan behar den. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{erresultantea}=m\cdot \ a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{erresultantea}=m\cdot \ a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de71b0287863069c2004137359d484718e976cbc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.251ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{erresultantea}=m\cdot \ a}"></span> </p><p>Gorputz baten gain eragiten duen indar erresultantea eragindako indar guztien arteko batura izango da. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{F}\displaystyle =m\cdot \ a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{F}\displaystyle =m\cdot \ a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2b7dea2231941b8d2e78923e912594b1721938d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.545ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{F}\displaystyle =m\cdot \ a}"></span> </p> <ul><li>Gorputz batek jasandako azelerazioa aplikatutako indarrarekiko proportzionala da, eta proportzionaltasun konstantea gorputzaren masa izango da.</li></ul> <ul><li>Indar batek baino gehiagok eragiten badute, ekuazio honek indar erresultanteari egiten dio erreferentzia, hau da, indar guztien arteko batuketa bektoriala izango da.</li> <li>Osagai intrintsekoak: higidura ez bada zuzena azelerazio bat dagoelako izango da, beraz, indar normal bat ere egongo da ibilbidearekiko norabide perpendikularrean. Abiaduraren norabidean azelerazio bat badago, abiaduraren modulua aldatuko da.</li> <li>Indarra eta azelerazioa bektore paraleloak dira, horrek ez du esan nahi abiadura bektorea indarrarekiko paraleloa denik. Ibilbidea ez da zertan aplikatutako indarrarekiko tangentea izan.</li> <li>Ekuazio hori gorputz guztientzat bete behar da. Gorputz bat baino gehiago eta horien gain aplikatutako indar ezberdinak aztertzen direnean, gorputz bakoitzari eragiten dieten indarrak kontuan izan behar dira. Newtonen bigarren legea gorputz bakoitzaren gain aplikatuko da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_konstantea_ez_bada">Masa konstantea ez bada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Masa konstantea ez bada»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Masa konstantea ez bada"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gorputzen masa aldakorra bada, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=m\cdot \ a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=m\cdot \ a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/930e38d731abbf3dee25e60e0294895a97603482" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.369ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=m\cdot \ a}"></span> erlazioa ez da baliagarria izango. Beraz, legea orokortu egin behar da masa aldakorra den sistementzat. Horretarako, magnitude fisiko berri bat definitu behar da, mugimendu kantitatea, <i>p</i>. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p=m\cdot \ v(1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p=m\cdot \ v(1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/88be32a954a92fac9de2c7740164de21d2c8cf32" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:12.757ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p=m\cdot \ v(1)}"></span> </p><p>non <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"></span> partikularen <a href="/wiki/Masa_inertzial" title="Masa inertzial">masa inertziala</a> eta <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {v}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">v</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {v}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9b2c2d3aac4213f3996d828c6aa8f4eb464a05cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.318ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {v}}}"></span> sistema inertzial jakin batekiko abiadura diren. </p><p>Newtonek bere legea honela orokortu zuen: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F={\frac {d(m\cdot \ v)}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F={\frac {d(m\cdot \ v)}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3af4c51b656cd18c09a9f58646fb566f4f43ab36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.128ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F={\frac {d(m\cdot \ v)}{dt}}}"></span> </p><p>Lege hori <a href="/wiki/Indar" title="Indar">indar</a> kontzeptuaren definizio operazionala da, <a href="/wiki/Azelerazio" title="Azelerazio">azelerazioa</a> bakarrik neur baitaiteke zuzenean. Era errazago batean eta mekanika newtondarretik irten gabe hurrengo hau esan daiteke: </p> <table style="background-color:#e0e0e0;border-collapse:collapse;border-radius: 6px;border-style:none;margin: .5em 2.75em; padding: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">« </td> <td align="left" style="padding:10px; padding-bottom:10px; font-size: 90%;">Gorputz baten gain eragiten duen indarra, objektuaren masaren eta azelerazioaren arteko biderkadurarekiko zuzenki proportzionala da. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">» </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}\qquad ({\mbox{2a}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">a</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>2a</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}\qquad ({\mbox{2a}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f45ba9fd9f7d284d2152f3441248485eee9468ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.27ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}\qquad ({\mbox{2a}})}"></span>Bigarren formulazio honek inplizituki definizio bat darama (1) zeinaren arabera momentu lineala masa eta abiaduraren arteko biderkadura den. Baldintza hori Einsteinek garaturiko erlatibitate bereziaren teorian betetzen ez denez, indarraren adierazpenak azelerazioaren funtzioan ikuspegi desberdin bat hartzen du (3): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}\left(1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}\right)^{-{\frac {3}{2}}}\qquad ({\mbox{3}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">a</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="2em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>3</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}\left(1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}\right)^{-{\frac {3}{2}}}\qquad ({\mbox{3}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d98b6527347b400ec3f30b873e63e17f507ec7fa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:29.564ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}\left(1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}\right)^{-{\frac {3}{2}}}\qquad ({\mbox{3}})}"></span>Kontuan hartu behar da erlatibitate berezian masa abiadurarekin aldatuz doala. Izan ere, bi masa desberdin definitzen dira: pausaguneko masa (edo masa mekanika newtondarrean) eta masa erlatibista. Hauxe da masa erlatibistaren formula: </p><p><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m(erlatibista)=m(pausagunekoa)\cdot {\frac {1}{\surd {1-v^{2}/c^{2}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">√</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m(erlatibista)=m(pausagunekoa)\cdot {\frac {1}{\surd {1-v^{2}/c^{2}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9aad489b27e942882c66616af9ad7b8efbee3b9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:49.856ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m(erlatibista)=m(pausagunekoa)\cdot {\frac {1}{\surd {1-v^{2}/c^{2}}}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newtonen_bigarren_legearen_aplikazioa">Newtonen bigarren legearen aplikazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newtonen bigarren legearen aplikazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Newtonen bigarren legearen aplikazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newtonen bigarren legearen aplikazioen artean hurrengoak nabarmentzen dira: </p> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Caida-libre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Caida-libre.svg/220px-Caida-libre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Caida-libre.svg/330px-Caida-libre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Caida-libre.svg/440px-Caida-libre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="189" /></a><figcaption>Erorketa askean azelerazioa grabitatearen araberakoa da.</figcaption></figure>Erorketa askea: Altuera jakin batetik objektu bat erortzen uzten denean gertatzen den mugimendua da. Mugimendua aztertzeko koordenatu sistema bat aukeratu behar da. Beheko adibidean, objektu bat geldiunetik erortzen uzten da, baina izan liteke zero ez den beste hasierako abiadura batekin erortzea.</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Moglfm1309_pendulosimple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="thumb[Betiko hautsitako esteka]"><img alt="thumb[Betiko hautsitako esteka]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Moglfm1309_pendulosimple.jpg" decoding="async" width="532" height="411" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> <ul><li>Pendulu sinplea: O puntutik l luzera duen hari batetik zintzilik <i>m</i> masa duen partikula bat dugu. Partikularen masa mespretxagarria izango da. Partikula θ<sub>0</sub> (hariak bertikalarekin eratzen duen angelua) posiziora desplazatzen bada, eta ondoren askatzen bada, pendulua oszilatzen hasiko da. Penduluak ibilbide zirkular bat deskribatzen du, <i>l</i> erradioa duen zirkunferentzia baten arkua irudikatuz. <i>m</i> masadun partikularen gain bi indarrek eragingo dute, pisuak eta hariaren <i>T</i> tentsioak.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Norabide erradialean Newtonen bigarren legea aplikatuz: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m.a_{n}=T-mg.cos\theta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m.a_{n}=T-mg.cos\theta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3da34b65f4a16ee1e9d8e7c05db8926c3d8ec41b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.603ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m.a_{n}=T-mg.cos\theta }"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/790f9209748c2dca7ed7b81932c37c02af1dbc31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.448ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{n}}"></span>-k ibilbidearen azelerazio normala adieraziko du. Posizio angeluarrean v abiaduraren balioa ezagutzen bada, hariaren T tentsioa zehaztu daiteke. Pendulua oreka puntutik igarotzen denean, tentsioak balio maximoa izango du. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=mg+{\frac {m.v^{2}}{l}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>.</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=mg+{\frac {m.v^{2}}{l}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f606843ad7b0492749af638d212ee099cfab48c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.824ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=mg+{\frac {m.v^{2}}{l}}}"></span> </p><p>Bigarren terminoak indar zentrifugoaren balioa adierazten du. Ibilbidearen muturretan abiadura zero denean, tentsioa minimoa izango da. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=mg.cos\theta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=mg.cos\theta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50d8c911a49d2f6ed10ff4724eab899b604d8cb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.24ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=mg.cos\theta }"></span> </p><p>Norabide tangentzialean: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m.a_{t}=-mg.sin\theta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m.a_{t}=-mg.sin\theta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68148d1ad7ea388c9af7a2574e983538d2c44022" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.605ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m.a_{t}=-mg.sin\theta }"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{t}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{t}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77fce84b535e9e195e3d30ce5ae09b372d87e2e9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.056ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{t}}"></span> ibilbidearen azelerazio tangentziala da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newtonen_hirugarren_legea_edo_akzio-erreakzioaren_legea">Newtonen hirugarren legea edo akzio-erreakzioaren legea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newtonen hirugarren legea edo akzio-erreakzioaren legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Newtonen hirugarren legea edo akzio-erreakzioaren legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background-color:#e0e0e0;border-collapse:collapse;border-radius: 6px;border-style:none;margin: .5em 2.75em; padding: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">« </td> <td align="left" style="padding:10px; padding-bottom:0; font-size: 90%;">Indar guztiak binaka gertatzen dira, eta bi indar hauek modulu eta norabide berekoak dira, baina aurkako noranzkoa dute </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 10px; padding-top:0; font-size: 85%;"><p style="line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>oh 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Hirugarren legea era honetan adierazten da: gorputz batean eragiten duen indar bakoitzeko, gorputz honek indar hori sorrarazi duen gorputzean indar berdina baina aurkako noranzkoduna egingo du (lege hau ez da betetzen indar magnetikoen kasuan). Bi gorputzek elkar eragiten dutenean, lehenengo gorputzak bigarrenean sortutako indarra, bigarren gorputzak lehenagoan sortutako indarraren berdina izango da magnitudean, baina aurkako norantzan. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{12}=-F_{21}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>21</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{12}=-F_{21}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/88a3b5533781cfd55e849c1fe83c0eb5c1c922b6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.648ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{12}=-F_{21}}"></span> </p><p>Hirugarren lege honek matematikoki momentu linealaren kontserbazioaren legea adierazten du. Nahiz eta indarrak moduluz berdinak izan, bi gorputzen azelerazioak ez dira berdinak izango. Masa txikiagoa duen gorputzak azelerazio handiagoa pairatuko du, eta alderantziz, Newtonen bigarren legeak aurresaten duen moduan. Aipatzekoa da honakoa ere, akzio-erreakziozko bi indarrek bi gorputz desberdinetan eragiten dutela. </p><p>Adibidez, saskibaloiko baloi batek lurra jotzean, saskibaloiak Lurrari eragindako indarra, Lurrak saskibaloiari eragindakoaren berdina da. Dena dela, baloiaren masa askoz txikiagoa denez, Newtonen bigarren legeak baloiak azelerazio askoz handiagoa (Lurrarekin alderatuz gero) izango duela aurresaten du; eta, izatez, ezin da Lurraren higiduran desberdintasunik antzeman, beraren masa askoz handiagoa delako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newtonen_hirugarren_legearen_aplikazioak">Newtonen hirugarren legearen aplikazioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Newtonen hirugarren legearen aplikazioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Newtonen hirugarren legearen aplikazioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akzio-erreakzio indarrak eragiten dituzten adibide batzuk: </p> <ul><li>Pertsona batek antzeko pisua duen beste pertsona bat bultzatzen badu, biak mugituko dira abiadura berarekin baina kontrako norantzan.</li></ul> <ul><li>Salto egitean lurra beherantz bultzatzen dugu, baina bere masa dela eta ez da mugitzen eta intentsitate berarekin bultzatzen gaitu gorantz.</li></ul> <ul><li>Txalupa baten gainean doan pertsona batek arraunarekin ura norabide batean bultzatzen du eta urak, ordea, txalupa kontrako zentzuan bultzatuko du.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ibiltzerakoan gure oinekin lurra atzerantz bultzatzen dugu, eta lurrak, ordea, gu aurrerantz bultzatzen gaitu.</li></ul> <ul><li>Gainazal batek bere gainean dagoen objektu baten gain eragiten duen erreakzio indarrari indar normala deritzo. Indar normalak gainazalerekiko norabide perpendikularra izango du.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Garrantzia_eta_baliagarritasuna">Garrantzia eta baliagarritasuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Garrantzia eta baliagarritasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Garrantzia eta baliagarritasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newtonen legeak esperimentu eta behaketen bidez frogatuak izan ziren berrehun urte baino gehiagoan zehar, eta hurbilketa bikainak dira eguneroko behatzen ditugun higiduretako eskala eta abiadurekin erabiliz gero. Newtonen legeek, grabitazio unibertsalaren legea eta <a href="/wiki/Kalkulua" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kalkulua">kalkuluaren</a> teknika matematikoarekin batera, azalpen kuantitatibo eta batu bat emateko balio izan zuten fenomeno fisiko askoren kasuan. </p><p>Einsteinen erlatibitatearen teoriaren arabera, ez dago erreferentzia-sistema pribilegiaturik. Fisikaren legeak erreferentzia-sistema guztietan betetzen dira, baina kasuan kasuko higidura erreferentzia-sistema batekiko neurtu behar da. </p><p>Lurreko gainazalean dagoen behatzaile batek ez luke desberdinduko Lurraren erakarpen grabitatorioaren eta suziri baten barruan 9,8 m/s²-ko azelerazioaz mugitzen ari denean pairatuko lukeen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inertzia_indar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inertzia indar (sortu gabe)">inertzia-indarraren</a> artean. Hori dela eta, Newtonen legeak <a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia_sistema_inertzial" class="mw-redirect" title="Erreferentzia sistema inertzial">erreferentzia-sistema inertzialetan</a> baizik ez dira baliagarriak. Esan beharra dago Lurraren gainazalak ez duela erreferentzia-sistema inertzial bat definitzen, bere buruarekiko biratzen ari delako eta grabitatea aldakorra delako Lurreko puntu desberdinetan. Hala ere, errotazioa geldoa denez eta grabitatea lurraren gainazalaren puntu batetik bestera asko aldatzen ez denez, Newtonen legeak nahiko hurbilketa ona dira Lurrean. Dena den, <a href="/wiki/Erreferentzia_sistema_ez-inertzial" class="mw-redirect" title="Erreferentzia sistema ez-inertzial">erreferentzia-sistema ez-inertzialetan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indar_irudikari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indar irudikari (sortu gabe)">indar irudikari</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inertzia_indar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inertzia indar (sortu gabe)">inertzia-indarrak</a> kontuan hartu behar dira aipaturiko legeak bete daitezen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantiko" title="Mekanika kuantiko">Mekanika kuantikoan</a> indarra, momentu lineala eta posizioa moduko kontzeptuak, egoera kuantikoan eragiten duten eragile linealez definiturik daude; <a href="/wiki/Argiaren_abiadura" title="Argiaren abiadura">argiaren abiadura</a> baino askoz abiadura txikiagoan; hortaz, eragile hauentzat, Newtonen legeak objektu klasikoentzat bezain zehatzak dira. Argiaren abiaduratik hurbil dauden abiadurarekin, bigarren legeak <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={\frac {{\text{d}}{\boldsymbol {p}}}{{\text{d}}t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>d</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>d</mtext> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={\frac {{\text{d}}{\boldsymbol {p}}}{{\text{d}}t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/19693b06ed6dead01f08e338c308dbd7e73012aa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.504ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={\frac {{\text{d}}{\boldsymbol {p}}}{{\text{d}}t}}}"></span> forma mantentzen du, zeinak indarra momentu linealaren denborarekiko deribatuaren berdina den, baina, ez da <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0e889207254cfbfab613b8beba214f5e4d2430d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.49ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=m{\boldsymbol {a}}}"></span> betetzen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oharrak">Oharrak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oharrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Oharrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lex I: Corpus omne perseverare in statu suo quiescendi vel movendi uniformiter in directum, nisi quatenus a viribus impressis cogitur statum illum mutare.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lex II: Mutationem motus proportionalem esse vi motrici impressae, et fieri secundum lineam rectam qua vis illa imprimitur.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lex III: Actioni contrariam semper et æqualem esse reactionem: sive corporum duorum actiones in se mutuo semper esse æquales et in partes contrarias dirigi.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zthiztegia.elhuyar.eus/terminoa/eu/mekanika%20klasiko">«ZT Hiztegi Berria»</a> <i>zthiztegia.elhuyar.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-10-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bibliografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J.M. Aguirregabiria (2004) <i>Mekanika Klasikoa</i>, EHU/UPV, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/84-8373-631-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/84-8373-631-4">ISBN 84-8373-631-4</a></li> <li>Fishbane, Paul (2008) <i>Fisika zientzialari eta ingeniarientzat. 1. bolumena, (1.etik-21.era Gaiak)</i> UPV/EHU, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9788490820308" title="Berezi:BookSources/9788490820308">9788490820308</a> <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>932800438.</li> <li>J.R. Etxebarria (arg.) (2003) <i>Fisika Orokorra,</i> UEU, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/84-8438-045-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/84-8438-045-9">ISBN 84-8438-045-9</a></li> <li>J.R. Etxebarria & F. Plazaola (1992) <i>Mekanika eta uhinak</i>, UEU, {{ISBN|84-86967-42-2}}</li> <li>Marcelo Alonso & Edward J. Finn (1976). <i>Física</i>. Fondo Educativo Interamericano. {{ISBN|8403209908}}; 8403202334; 8403209908</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasiko" title="Mekanika klasiko">Mekanika klasikoa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonen_legeak&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; 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