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id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folklore_and_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore_and_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Folklore and mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore_and_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Music and dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_etiquette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_etiquette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Social etiquette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_etiquette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_knowledge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_knowledge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Traditional knowledge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_knowledge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturo_de_Haitio" title="Kulturo de Haitio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kulturo de Haitio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_d%27Ha%C3%AFti" title="Culture d'Haïti – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture d'Haïti" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilti_ayisyen" title="Kilti ayisyen – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kilti ayisyen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitisk_kultur" title="Haitisk kultur – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Haitisk kultur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_do_Haiti" title="Cultura do Haiti – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura do Haiti" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="海地文化 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海地文化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Haiti" title="Category:Haiti">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa">Culture of Haiti</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Haiti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/80px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/120px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/160px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Haitian_history" title="Timeline of Haitian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Taíno chiefdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Captaincy General of Santo Domingo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Santo_Domingo" title="List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Saint-Domingue" title="List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeune_Case" title="Le Jeune Case">Le Jeune Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Haiti_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 Haiti massacre">1804 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Haiti" title="State of Haiti">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">Kingdom</a></li> <li>Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1806%E2%80%931820)" title="Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)">1806–1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1820%E2%80%931849)" title="Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)">1820–1849</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo">Unification of Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Post-imperial Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvalier_dynasty" title="Duvalier dynasty">Duvalier dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Duvalier_protest_movement" title="Anti-Duvalier protest movement">Anti-Duvalier protest movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">2004 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak">2010s cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Matthew_in_Haiti" title="Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti">Hurricane Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Haitian crisis (2018–present)">Crisis (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Haitian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Haitian crisis">2022 crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Haiti_earthquake" title="2021 Haiti earthquake">2021 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Haiti" title="List of massacres in Haiti">List of massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Haiti" title="List of revolutions and coups d'état in Haiti">List of revolutions and coups d'état</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Haiti">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Haiti">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Haiti">Art</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Haiti">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Haiti">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Haiti">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Haiti" title="Television in Haiti">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Haiti">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Haiti" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Haiti">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" title="Flag of Haiti">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti" title="Coat of arms of Haiti">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Haiti">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/16px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/24px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/32px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Haiti" title="Portal:Haiti">Haiti portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Template:Culture of Haiti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Template talk:Culture of Haiti"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Haiti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>culture of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Creolization" title="Creolization">creolized</a> blend of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Africa">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taino</a> elements due to the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Domingue" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Domingue">French colonization</a> of Amerindian land (which was then renamed <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>), in conjunction with the large diverse enslaved African population who had later freed themselves by a successful <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">revolt</a>. These attributions have largely influenced the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Haiti">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">religion</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Haiti#Languages" title="Demographics of Haiti">languages</a> of Haiti. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VoodooValris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/VoodooValris.jpg/250px-VoodooValris.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/VoodooValris.jpg/375px-VoodooValris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/VoodooValris.jpg/500px-VoodooValris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>A large sequined Vodou "drapeau" or flag, created by artist George Valris.</figcaption></figure> <p>Brilliant colors, <a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">naïve</a> perspective, and sly humor characterize Haitian art. Big, delectable foods and lush landscapes are favorite subjects in this land. Going to market is the most social activity of country life, and figures prominently into the subject matter. Jungle animals, rituals, dances, and gods evoke the African past. </p><p>Artists paint in fable as well. People are disguised as animals and animals are transformed into people. Symbols take on great meaning. For example, a rooster often represents Aristide and the red and blue colors of the flag of Haiti, often represent his Lavalas party. </p><p>Many artists cluster in 'school' of <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Haïtien">Cap-Haïtien</a> school, which features depictions of daily life in the city, the Jacmel School, which reflects the steep mountains and bays of that coastal town, or the Saint-Soleil School, which is characterized by abstracted human forms, and is heavily influenced by Vodou symbolism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haiti's most famous monuments are the <a href="/wiki/Sans-Souci_Palace" title="Sans-Souci Palace">Sans-Souci Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_Laferri%C3%A8re" title="Citadelle Laferrière">Citadelle Laferrière</a>, inscribed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situated in the Northern <a href="/wiki/Massif_de_la_Hotte" title="Massif de la Hotte">Massif de la Hotte</a>, in one of Haiti's National Parks, the structures date from the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings were among the first to be built after Haiti's independence from France. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jacmel" title="Jacmel">Jacmel</a>, the colonial city that was tentatively accepted as a World Heritage site, is reported to be extensively damaged by the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the earthquake of 2010, architecture has taken a huge turn. With damages at an estimated 10 million dollars, architectural measures were taken immediately. Directly after the earthquake <a href="/wiki/Article_25" title="Article 25">Article 25</a> of the UK gained about 350 architects in 2010 looking to help rebuild Haiti. There was also a great effort made by the U.S. through the <a href="/wiki/Architecture_for_Humanity" title="Architecture for Humanity">Architecture for Humanity</a> effort that was initiated after the earthquake. The architecture style became very reasonable and involved minimalistic and functional style to help rebuild the damage in the most efficient way possible. There has also been a strong initiative to build more <a href="/wiki/Open-air_treatment" title="Open-air treatment">open-air clinics</a> that are designed with health precautions as a huge priority.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian cuisine</a></div> <p>The French influences in Haiti are present in their cuisine, but more so it is representative of their location in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. They do however have their own flavor as a result of the lack of Spanish influence on their island compared to others in the Caribbean. The cooking style used in Haiti is predominately Creole and includes heavy use of pepper in the majority of their dishes. A main staple in Haiti Is starch, and many of their dishes include potatoes, rice, corn, beans, and plantains. </p><p>There is also a strong presence of tropical fruits in their cuisine due to their ability to grow in the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>. This includes pineapples, coconuts, mangoes, and other fruits that are used for many dishes and beverages. Food also has importance in religious and status-symbol type forms. Foods that are considered delicacies in Haiti include French inspired cheeses and meats and are a symbol of money and power. Typically these types of meals are only served in the richest part of Haiti, namely in the capital of <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>. As far as religious meals go, the Catholics in Haiti typically enjoy more elaborate meals during Christmas Eve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fashion">Fashion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haiti has the potential to become the fashion capital of the Caribbean due to its recent contributions and success in the industry. Haiti's culture is woven in its use of fabrics and forms of garments, which differs from many other countries, giving more focus towards color and volume with many ruffles which makes it unique; gradually making a name for itself in the fashion industry for its creativity, diversity and sustainability incorporating <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">environmental-friendly processes</a> in its materials, which has led to a rise in aspiring Haitian fashion designers throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Haiti, there is a variety of fashion ranging from the more traditional attire to the day-to-day clothing. The traditional female attire consist of <a href="/wiki/Quadrille_dress" title="Quadrille dress">Quadrille</a> (or Karabela) dress. The dresses are made of a sturdy material that mainly comes in blue and red, which is usually made from an off-the-shoulder top or bodice with a full matching skirt that is embellished with additional ruffles, lace, or rickrack to add color and visual appeal. A head-scarf or turban can also be worn especially in the more rural areas of Haiti for both traditional and day-to-day use. The traditional male attire consists of a wedding shirt (<a href="/wiki/Guayabera" title="Guayabera">guayabera</a>) made of lightweight fabrics and are worn untucked with a jacket of any color on top.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Haiti's textile industry and its moniker ‘Made In Haiti’ has been long-established in being a key export for the country which has focused on low-end commodity apparel through the use of its low-wage sweatshops that have sewed for some of the biggest American apparel brands such as <a href="/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters" title="American Eagle Outfitters">American Eagle Outfitters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Klein" title="Calvin Klein">Calvin Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/DKNY" title="DKNY">DKNY</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanes" title="Hanes">Hanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordstrom" title="Nordstrom">Nordstrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Lauren" title="Ralph Lauren">Ralph Lauren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The typical day-to-day clothes that most Haitians wear are second-hand clothes that are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Pepe" title="Pepe">pepe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largely stemmimg from the 1960s, the practice of sending and receiving pepe began. Today, you can find pepe being sold by street vendors at a price that is affordable for most Haitians. The majority of pepe that arrive on the island have been donated by Americans to charities and collection centers."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Carnival" title="Haitian Carnival">Haitian Carnival</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg/220px-Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg/330px-Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg/440px-Kanaval_in_Jacmel_Haiti_2014_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Kanaval in Jacmel Haiti 2014 03</figcaption></figure> <p>The most festive time of the year in Haiti is during <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (referred to as <i>Kanaval</i> in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Creole language">Haitian Creole</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a>). The festivities start in February. The cities are filled with music, parade floats, and people dancing and singing in the streets. Carnival week is traditionally a time of all-night parties and escape from daily life. This is a significant time for Haitian musicians for an opportunity to showcase their talents and expand their audience by performing for Carnival crowds. <a href="/wiki/Rara_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Rara festival">Rara</a>, a festival which occurs before <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, is celebrated by a significant number of the population as well, and its celebration has been led to <a href="/wiki/Rara_music" title="Rara music">rara music</a> becoming a style of <a href="/wiki/Carnival_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival music">Carnival music</a>. Many of the youth also attend parties and enjoy themselves at nightclubs called <i><a href="/wiki/Discos" class="mw-redirect" title="Discos">discos</a></i>, (pronounced "deece-ko") (not like the discos of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">U.S</a>), and attend <i>Bal</i>. This term derives from the word <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a>, and these events are often celebrated by crowds of many people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folklore_and_mythology">Folklore and mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Folklore and mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_mythology" title="Haitian mythology">Haitian mythology</a></div> <p>Haiti is known for its rich <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> traditions. The country has many magical tales that are part of the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a> tradition. The Haitian dictator <a href="/wiki/Papa_Doc" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Doc">Papa Doc</a> was a strong believer in the country's folklore and used elements of it to guide his brutal rule of the country during the <a href="/wiki/Duvalier_dynasty" title="Duvalier dynasty">Duvalier dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_literature" title="Haitian literature">Haitian literature</a></div> <p>The first document of <a href="/wiki/Haitian_literature" title="Haitian literature">Haitian literature</a> is the collective text <i>Acte de l'Indépendance de la République d'Haïti</i> (Haitian Declaration of Independence). Since then, Haitian literary culture has been ever-growing and vibrant, recognized both at home and abroad with award-winning authors and large-scale literary events locally<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Music of Haiti</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manno_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Manno_3.jpg/220px-Manno_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Manno_3.jpg/330px-Manno_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Manno_3.jpg/440px-Manno_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Haitian Folk Singer <a href="/wiki/Manno_Charlemagne" title="Manno Charlemagne">Manno Charlemagne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Haitian music combines a wide range of influences drawn from the many people who have settled on this Caribbean island. It reflects French, African rhythms, Spanish elements and others who have inhabited the island of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> and minor native <a href="/wiki/Taino" class="mw-redirect" title="Taino">Taino</a> influences. Styles of music unique to the nation of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> include music derived from <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a> ceremonial traditions, <a href="/wiki/Rara_music" title="Rara music">rara</a> parading music, <a href="/wiki/Twoubadou" title="Twoubadou">twoubadou</a> <i>ballads</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mini-jazz" title="Mini-jazz">mini-jazz</a> rock bands, <a href="/wiki/Rasin" title="Rasin">rasin</a> movement, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_hip_hop" title="Haitian hip hop">hip hop</a> kreyòl, the wildly popular <a href="/wiki/Compas" title="Compas">compas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">méringue</a> as its basic rhythm. </p><p>Very popular today is <a href="/wiki/Compas" title="Compas">compas</a>, short for <i>compas direct</i>, made popular by <a href="/wiki/Nemours_Jean-Baptiste" title="Nemours Jean-Baptiste">Nemours Jean-Baptiste</a>, on a recording released in 1955. The name derives from <i>compás</i>, the Spanish word meaning rhythm or tones. It involves mostly medium-to-fast tempo beats with an emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitars" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric guitars">electric guitars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synthesizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthesizers">synthesizers</a>, and either a solo alto <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">horn section</a> or the synthesizer equivalent. In <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Creole</a>, it is spelled as <i>konpa dirèk</i> or simply <i>konpa</i>. It is commonly spelled as it is pronounced as <i>kompa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dancing is an important part of Haitian life. In the case of <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a>, the religious experience of spirit possession is usually accompanied by dancing, singing, and drumming. <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Carnival" title="Haitian Carnival">Carnival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rara_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Rara festival">rara</a> celebrations feature exuberant dancing and movement in the streets. Dancing is also a social activity, used for celebrations such as church socials and informal parties, as well as evenings out with friends. In small restaurants, social dance music is provided by relatively small <a href="/wiki/Twoubadou" title="Twoubadou">twoubadou</a> groups, while larger clubs with big dance floors often feature dance bands reminiscent of the American big bands in size. Social dance music has been one of the most heavily creolized music forms in Haiti. European dance forms such as the contradanse (kontradans), <a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">quadrille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> were introduced to white planter audiences during the colonial period. Musicians, either slaves or <a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">freed people of color</a>, learned the European dance forms and adapted them for their own use. One of the most popular African-influenced dance styles was the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">méringue</a> (mereng in Creole). Along with the carabinier, the méringue was a favorite dance style of the Haitian elite and was a regular feature at elite dances. The Haitian expression, <i>Mereng ouvri bal, mereng fème ba</i>; (The mereng opens the ball, the mereng closes the ball) alludes to the popularity and ubiquity of the méringue as an elite entertainment. In nineteenth-century Haiti, the ability to dance the méringue, as well as a host of other dances, was considered a sign of good breeding. Like other creolized dance styles, the méringue was claimed by both elite and proletarian Haitian audiences as a representative expression of Haitian cultural values.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg/220px-Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg/330px-Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg/440px-Swearing-in_ceremony_of_Diaspora_Gw%C3%A8t%C3%B2De_by_Konfederasyon_Nasyonal_Vodou_Ayisyen_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2439" data-file-height="2439" /></a><figcaption>Swearing-in ceremony of Haitian Diaspora GwètòDe (Clergy in Vodou)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion in Haiti</a></div> <p>Haiti is similar to the rest of Latin America, in that it is a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> country, with 80% <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a> and approximately 16% professing <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. A small population of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> exist in the country, principally in the capital of <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a>, encompassing several different traditions, consists of a mix of Central and Western African, European, and Native American (<a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno</a>) religions is also widely practiced, despite the negative stigma that it carries both in and out of the country. The exact number of Vodou practitioners is unknown; however, it is believed that a large amount of the population practice it, often alongside their <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> faith. Some secular Christians also have been known to participate in some rituals, although indirectly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_etiquette">Social etiquette</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Social etiquette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Latin_America#Haiti" title="Etiquette in Latin America">Etiquette in Latin America § Haiti</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Haiti_at_the_Olympics" title="Haiti at the Olympics">Haiti at the Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Football_Federation" title="Haitian Football Federation">Haitian Football Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Haiti" title="List of football clubs in Haiti">List of football clubs in Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti_national_football_team" title="Haiti national football team">Haiti national football team</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Haitian_records_in_athletics" title="List of Haitian records in athletics">List of Haitian records in athletics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haiti_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiti national basketball team">Haiti national basketball team</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport in Haiti, though <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> is growing in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-sport_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sport-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of small football clubs compete at the local level.<sup id="cite_ref-sport_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sport-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stade_Sylvio_Cator" title="Stade Sylvio Cator">Stade Sylvio Cator</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi-purpose stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> where it is currently used mostly for <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> matches that fits a capacity of 30,000 people. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dalembert" title="Samuel Dalembert">Samuel Dalembert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olden_Polynice" title="Olden Polynice">Olden Polynice</a> are former NBA players born in Haiti. </p><p>Haitian football player <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gaetjens" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Gaetjens">Joseph Gaetjens</a> played for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States men's national soccer team">United States national team</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1950 FIFA World Cup">1950 FIFA World Cup</a>, scoring the winning goal in the 1–0 upset of <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England</a>. </p><p>In the early 20th century, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Cockfighting" title="Cockfighting">cockfighting</a> was also a popular sport, though its popularity has since faded.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Augustin" title="Ludovic Augustin">Ludovic Augustin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Valborge" title="Ludovic Valborge">Ludovic Valborge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Destin_Destine" title="Destin Destine">Destin Destine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrel_Rolland" title="Astrel Rolland">Astrel Rolland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eloi_Metullus" title="Eloi Metullus">Eloi Metullus</a> won the country's first Olympic Medal in the Men's team free rifle at the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Cator" title="Silvio Cator">Silvio Cator</a> was a Haitian Long jumper that won gold in the men's <a href="/wiki/Long_Jump" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Jump">Long Jump</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a>. He is also a former world record holder in the event.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Dorival" title="Dudley Dorival">Dudley Dorival</a> is the first Haitian to win a World Champion Medal at the <a href="/wiki/2001_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2001 World Championships in Athletics">2001 World Championships in Athletics</a> in the men's <a href="/wiki/110m_Hurdles" class="mw-redirect" title="110m Hurdles">110m Hurdles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/1996_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Olympic Games">1996 Olympic Games</a> Gold Medalist for Canada <a href="/wiki/Bruny_Surin" title="Bruny Surin">Bruny Surin</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Haïtien">Cap-Haïtien</a>. He also Holds the National Record over <a href="/wiki/100m" class="mw-redirect" title="100m">100m</a> for <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Olympian, Pan American Games medalist and World Indoor Championship Gold Medalist <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Pierre" title="Barbara Pierre">Barbara Pierre</a> was born in Haiti. She also represented Haiti at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Olympic Games">2008 Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2020_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Olympic Games">2020 Olympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold_Medalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Medalist">Gold Medalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Wadeline_Jonathas" title="Wadeline Jonathas">Wadeline Jonathas</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Gona%C3%AFves" title="Gonaïves">Gonaïves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> players <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gar%C3%A7on" title="Pierre Garçon">Pierre Garçon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Dumervil" title="Elvis Dumervil">Elvis Dumervil</a> are of Haitian descent. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Professional_boxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional boxer">Professional boxer</a> <a href="/wiki/Andre_Berto" title="Andre Berto">Andre Berto</a> is of Haitian Descent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_knowledge">Traditional knowledge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Traditional knowledge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haiti's <a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">traditional knowledge</a> found its first prominent champion in the ethnographer <a href="/wiki/Jean_Price-Mars" title="Jean Price-Mars">Jean Price-Mars</a>, who's seminal <i>So spoke the uncle</i> (in French <i>Ainsi parla L'oncle</i>) argued in favor of a greater respect and appreciation of Haiti's African-rooted, largely oral-based peasant culture. Since then numerous authors and thinkers have documented the country's rich and complex traditional knowledge, whether it be in its approach to education and morality,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> architecture and construction,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or botany and medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Haiti" title="Public holidays in Haiti">Public holidays in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Haiti" title="Category:Museums in Haiti">Museums in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Cinema of Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_literature" title="Haitian literature">Haitian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Haiti">Media of Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezin_Nan_Dlo" title="Tezin Nan Dlo">Tezin Nan Dlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Sara" title="Madan Sara">Madan Sara</a>, women who market agricultural produce</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Band%27s+Haitian+Fusion+Offers+Fellow+Immigrants+a+Musical+Link+to+Home&rft.au=Wise%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fnyregionspecial2%2F11wehaiti.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel,_Peter_with_Kenneth_Bilby,_Michael_Largey2006" class="citation book cs1">Manuel, Peter with Kenneth Bilby, Michael Largey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_7NIe_I298MC&q=history+of+twoubadou+cuba&pg=PA156"><i>Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae</i></a>. pp. 157–158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592134649" title="Special:BookSources/9781592134649"><bdi>9781592134649</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caribbean+Currents%3A+Caribbean+Music+from+Rumba+to+Reggae&rft.pages=157-158&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781592134649&rft.au=Manuel%2C+Peter+with+Kenneth+Bilby%2C+Michael+Largey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_7NIe_I298MC%26q%3Dhistory%2Bof%2Btwoubadou%2Bcuba%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sport-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sport_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sport_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur2017" class="citation book cs1">Arthur, Charles (2 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCi9jFR6v1oC&pg=PA82"><i>Haiti: A Guide to the People, Politics and Culture</i></a>. Interlink Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781566563598" title="Special:BookSources/9781566563598"><bdi>9781566563598</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haiti%3A+A+Guide+to+the+People%2C+Politics+and+Culture&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft.isbn=9781566563598&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCi9jFR6v1oC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelsey, p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympiandatabase.com/index.php?id=28478&L=1">"Haitian Medals and Results in the Olympic Games"</a>. <i>Olympian Data Base</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympian+Data+Base&rft.atitle=Haitian+Medals+and+Results+in+the+Olympic+Games&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympiandatabase.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D28478%26L%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andscape.com/features/sylvio-cator-used-the-olympics-to-seek-justice-decades-before-tommie-smith-and-john-carlos/">"Sylvio Cator used the Olympics to seek justice decades before Tommie Smith and John Carlos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Andscape" title="Andscape">Andscape</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andscape&rft.atitle=Sylvio+Cator+used+the+Olympics+to+seek+justice+decades+before+Tommie+Smith+and+John+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandscape.com%2Ffeatures%2Fsylvio-cator-used-the-olympics-to-seek-justice-decades-before-tommie-smith-and-john-carlos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theridernews.com/dorival-brings-olympian-mindset-to-rider/">"Dorival brings Olympian mindset to Rider"</a>. <i>theridernews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theridernews.com&rft.atitle=Dorival+brings+Olympian+mindset+to+Rider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theridernews.com%2Fdorival-brings-olympian-mindset-to-rider%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runningmagazine.ca/the-scene/canadian-track-legend-bruny-surin-named-to-order-of-canada/">"Canadian track legend Bruny Surin named to Order of Canada"</a>. <i>runningmagazine.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=runningmagazine.ca&rft.atitle=Canadian+track+legend+Bruny+Surin+named+to+Order+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunningmagazine.ca%2Fthe-scene%2Fcanadian-track-legend-bruny-surin-named-to-order-of-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/espn/news/story?id=4822936">"Barbara Pierre are all working to get details about relatives in Haiti"</a>. <i>ESPN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Barbara+Pierre+are+all+working+to+get+details+about+relatives+in+Haiti.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fespn%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D4822936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trackandfieldnews.com/a-breakthrough-season-for-wadeline-jonathas/">"A Breakthrough Season For Wadeline Jonathas"</a>. <i>trackandfieldnews.com</i>. 11 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trackandfieldnews.com&rft.atitle=A+Breakthrough+Season+For+Wadeline+Jonathas&rft.date=2020-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrackandfieldnews.com%2Fa-breakthrough-season-for-wadeline-jonathas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudine_Michel1995" class="citation book cs1">Claudine Michel (1995). <i>Aspects educatifs et moraux du vodou haïtien</i>. p. 112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+educatifs+et+moraux+du+vodou+ha%C3%AFtien&rft.pages=112&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Claudine+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Campanella2014" class="citation news cs1">Richard Campanella (12 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/homegarden/index.ssf/2014/02/shotgun_geography_new_orleans.html">"Shotgun geography: the history behind the famous New Orleans elongated house"</a>. <i>Times-Picayune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2017</span>. <q>The shotgun house of Port-au-Prince became, quite directly, the shotgun house of New Orleans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=Shotgun+geography%3A+the+history+behind+the+famous+New+Orleans+elongated+house&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft.au=Richard+Campanella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fhomegarden%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F02%2Fshotgun_geography_new_orleans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarilise_Neptune_Rouzier1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marilise_Neptune_Rouzier" title="Marilise Neptune Rouzier">Marilise Neptune Rouzier</a> (1998). <i>Plantes médicinales d'Haïti: description, usages et propriétés</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantes+m%C3%A9dicinales+d%27Ha%C3%AFti%3A+description%2C+usages+et+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Marilise+Neptune+Rouzier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kelsey, Carl (1921) "The American Intervention in Haiti and the Dominican Republic" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Political_and_Social_ScienceNational_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association_Collection_(Library_of_Congress)1922" class="citation book cs1">American Academy of Political and Social Science; National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection (Library of Congress) (March 1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cXwhAQAAIAAJ"><i>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i></a>. Vol. C. Published by A.L. Hummel for the American Academy of Political and Social Science. pp. 109–202<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.pages=109-202&rft.pub=Published+by+A.L.+Hummel+for+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.date=1922-03&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.au=National+American+Woman+Suffrage+Association+Collection+%28Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcXwhAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Haiti_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haiti_topics" title="Template:Haiti topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haiti_topics" title="Template talk:Haiti topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haiti_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haiti topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Haiti_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Haiti-related_articles" title="Index of Haiti-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Haitian_history" title="Timeline of Haitian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Taíno chiefdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Captaincy General of Santo Domingo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Santo_Domingo" title="List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Saint-Domingue" title="List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeune_Case" title="Le Jeune Case">Le Jeune Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Haiti_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 Haiti massacre">1804 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Haiti" title="State of Haiti">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">Kingdom</a></li> <li>Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1806%E2%80%931820)" title="Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)">1806–1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1820%E2%80%931849)" title="Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)">1820–1849</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo">Unification of Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Post-imperial Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvalier_dynasty" title="Duvalier dynasty">Duvalier dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Duvalier_protest_movement" title="Anti-Duvalier protest movement">Anti-Duvalier protest movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">2004 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak">2010s cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Matthew_in_Haiti" title="Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti">Hurricane Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Haitian crisis (2018–present)">Crisis (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Haitian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Haitian crisis">2022 crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Haiti_earthquake" title="2021 Haiti earthquake">2021 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Haiti" title="List of massacres in Haiti">List of massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Haiti" title="List of revolutions and coups d'état in Haiti">List of revolutions and coups d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Haiti" title="Geography of Haiti">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Haiti" title="Administrative divisions of Haiti">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Haiti" title="Arrondissements of Haiti">Arrondissements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_border" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti border">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Haiti" title="List of cities in Haiti">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Haiti" title="Deforestation in Haiti">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Haiti" title="Departments of Haiti">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Haiti" title="List of earthquakes in Haiti">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Haiti" title="Environment of Haiti">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Haiti" title="List of islands of Haiti">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Haiti" title="List of national parks of Haiti">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Haiti" title="List of rivers of Haiti">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Haiti" title="Wildlife of Haiti">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Haiti" title="Elections in Haiti">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti" title="Foreign relations of Haiti">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haiti" title="Government of Haiti">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Haiti" title="Human rights in Haiti">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Haiti">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Haiti" title="Law enforcement in Haiti">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="Armed Forces of Haiti">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti">Commanders-in-chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Chamber of Deputies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Haiti">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti" title="List of heads of state of Haiti">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Haiti" title="List of prime ministers of Haiti">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Haiti" title="Supreme Court of Haiti">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haiti" title="Economy of Haiti">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Haiti" title="Agriculture in Haiti">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Haiti" title="Bank of the Republic of Haiti">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_Haiti" title="External debt of Haiti">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Haiti" title="Foreign aid to Haiti">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_gourde" title="Haitian gourde">Gourde <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Haiti" title="Poverty in Haiti">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Haiti" title="Tourism in Haiti">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Haiti" title="Transport in Haiti">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Haiti" title="Category:Society of Haiti">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Haiti" title="Crime in Haiti">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Haiti" title="Demographics of Haiti">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Haiti" title="Education in Haiti">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Haiti" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Haiti">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Haiti" title="Health in Haiti">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Haitians" title="List of Haitians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Haiti" title="Social class in Haiti">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Haiti" title="Squatting in Haiti">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Haiti" title="Water supply and sanitation in Haiti">Water and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti" title="Coat of arms of Haiti">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadelle_Laferri%C3%A8re" title="Citadelle Laferrière">Citadelle Laferrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" title="Flag of Haiti">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Haiti">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_French" title="Haitian French">Haitian French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_literature" title="Haitian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Haiti" title="Mass media in Haiti">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_mythology" title="Haitian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Dessalinienne" title="La Dessalinienne">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-Souci_Palace" title="Sans-Souci Palace">Sans-Souci Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Haiti" title="Public holidays in Haiti">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Haiti" title="Television in Haiti">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Marron_Inconnu" title="Le Marron Inconnu">The Unknown Maroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Haiti" title="Outline of Haiti">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Haiti-related_articles" title="Index of Haiti-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haiti" title="Category:Haiti">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Haiti" title="Portal:Haiti">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_America" title="Culture of North America">Culture of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Culture of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Bahamas" title="Culture of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Barbados" title="Culture of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belize" title="Culture of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Costa_Rica" title="Culture of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Dominica" title="Culture of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Culture of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Salvador" title="Culture of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Grenada" title="Culture of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guatemala" title="Culture of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Honduras" title="Culture of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jamaica" title="Culture of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico" title="Culture of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nicaragua" title="Culture of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Panama" title="Culture of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Culture of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Culture of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Aruba" title="Culture of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bermuda" title="Culture of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Culture of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greenland" title="Culture of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Martinique" title="Culture of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Culture of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saba_(island)" title="Culture of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&oldid=1249058250">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Haiti&oldid=1249058250</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Category:Culture of Haiti">Culture of Haiti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a 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