BBC - Earth - Rare Earth

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.bbc.com:80/earth/columns/rare-earth","20170918235951","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1505779191"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <title>BBC - Earth - Rare Earth</title> <meta name="keywords" content="column-index, rare-earth"> <meta name="description" content="The natural world's rarest and most vulnerable treasures, and the efforts to save them."> <meta property="og:title" content="Rare Earth"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/rare-earth"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The natural world's rarest and most vulnerable treasures, and the efforts to save them."/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@BBCEarth"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Rare Earth"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The natural world's rarest and most vulnerable treasures, and the efforts to save them."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951im_/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/2h/jk/p02hjk90.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="624"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="351"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951im_/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/2h/jk/p02hjk90.jpg"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-gb" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/uk"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world"> <script> window.getUriParamByName=function(name) { name = name.replace(/[\[]/, "\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\]"); var regex = new RegExp("[\\?&]" + name + "=([^&#]*)"); var results = regex.exec(window.location.search); return (results === null ? "" : decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9\-_]/g, ''))); } var digitalData= {"environment":"live","pageInstanceID":"www.bbc.com/earth/columns/rare-earth","module":{"id":"wwearth","backendModuleId":"wwearth","isGeoRestricted":false,"name":"Earth","domain":"earth","brandColor":"#008e9b","description":"BBC Earth"},"page":{"attributes":{"country":"GB","language":"en-GB"},"pageInfo":{"affiliate":false,"author":"","pageID":"wwearth/column/rare-earth","shortPageID":"earth","pageName":"Rare Earth","description":"The natural world's rarest and most vulnerable treasures, and the efforts to save them.","partner":false,"publicationDate":false,"business-unit":"BBC.com","destinationURL":"","bodyTextCharacterLength":false},"keywords":{"page":"column-index","column":"rare-earth","sectn":"rare-earth"},"tags":["column-index","rare-earth","rare-earth"],"category":{"page":"column-index","column":"rare-earth","sectn":"rare-earth","entityFactory":{"entities":{}},"pageType":"","primaryCategory":"earth","section":false}}}; digitalData.page.pageInfo.ocid=getUriParamByName('ocid'); digitalData.page.pageInfo.icid=getUriParamByName('icid'); digitalData.page.pageInfo.referrer=document.referrer; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.optimizely = window.optimizely || []; window.optimizely.push({ type: 'cookieExpiration', cookieExpirationDays: 1095 }); </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/features_prod.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951cs_/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/css/wwearth/core.css"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951cs_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/style/orb.min.css">    <script class="js-require-lib" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/requirejs/lib.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> bbcRequireMap = {"jquery-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.7.2", "jquery-1.4":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.4", "jquery-1.9":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.9.1", "jquery-1.12":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.12.0.min", "jquery-2.2":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-2.2.0.min", "istats-1":"//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-43/js/istats-1", "swfobject-2":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/swfobject/0.1.10/sharedmodules/swfobject-2", "demi-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/demi/0.10.1/sharedmodules/demi-1", "gelui-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/gelui/0.9.13/sharedmodules/gelui-1", "cssp!gelui-1/overlay":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/gelui/0.9.13/sharedmodules/gelui-1/overlay.css", "relay-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/relay/0.2.6/sharedmodules/relay-1", "clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/clock-1", "canvas-clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/canvas-clock-1", "cssp!clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/clock-1.css", "jssignals-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jssignals/0.3.6/modules/jssignals-1", "jcarousel-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jcarousel/0.1.10/modules/jcarousel-1", "bump-3":"//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://emp.bbci.co.uk/emp/bump-3/bump-3"}; require({ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/', paths: bbcRequireMap, waitSeconds: 30 }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (typeof bbccookies_flag === 'undefined') { bbccookies_flag = 'ON'; } showCTA_flag = true; cta_enabled = (showCTA_flag && (bbccookies_flag === 'ON')); (function(){var m="ckns_policy",q="Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT",i={ads:true,personalisation:true,performance:true,necessary:true};function c(u){if(c.cache[u]){return c.cache[u]}var t=u.split("/"),v=[""];do{v.unshift((t.join("/")||"/"));t.pop()}while(v[0]!=="/");c.cache[u]=v;return v}c.cache={};function a(u){if(a.cache[u]){return a.cache[u]}var v=u.split("."),t=[];while(v.length&&"|co.uk|com|".indexOf("|"+v.join(".")+"|")===-1){if(v.length){t.push(v.join("."))}v.shift()}c.cache[u]=t;return t}a.cache={};function s(t,y,u){var E=[""].concat(a(window.location.hostname)),B=c(window.location.pathname),D="",w,C;for(var x=0,A=E.length;x<A;x++){w=E[x];for(var v=0,z=B.length;v<z;v++){C=B[v];D=t+"="+y+";"+(w?"domain="+w+";":"")+(C?"path="+C+";":"")+(u?"expires="+u+";":"");bbccookies.set(D,true)}}}window.bbccookies={POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS:new Date(2015,4,21,0,0,0,0).getTime(),POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME:"ckns_policy_exp",_setEverywhere:s,cookiesEnabled:function(){var t="ckns_testcookie"+Math.floor(Math.random()*100000);this.set(t+"=1");if(this.get().indexOf(t)>-1){e(t);return true}return false},get:function(){return document.cookie},getCrumb:function(t){if(!t){return null}return decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(t).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},policyRequiresRefresh:function(){var u=new Date();u.setHours(0);u.setMinutes(0);u.setSeconds(0);u.setMilliseconds(0);if(bbccookies.POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS<=u.getTime()){var t=bbccookies.getCrumb(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME);if(t){t=new Date(parseInt(t));t.setYear(t.getFullYear()-1);return bbccookies.POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS>=t.getTime()}else{return true}}else{return false}},_setPolicy:function(t){return f.apply(this,arguments)},readPolicy:function(){return l.apply(this,arguments)},_deletePolicy:function(){s(m,"",q)},_isConfirmed:function(){return n()!==null},_acceptsAll:function(){var t=l();return t&&!(j(t).indexOf("0")>-1)},_getCookieName:function(){return b.apply(this,arguments)},_showPrompt:function(){var t=((!this._isConfirmed()||this.policyRequiresRefresh())&&window.cta_enabled&&this.cookiesEnabled()&&!window.bbccookies_disable);return(window.orb&&window.orb.fig)?t&&(window.orb.fig("no")||window.orb.fig("ck")):t},_getPolicy:this.readPolicy};function b(u){var t=(""+u).match(/^([^=]+)(?==)/);return(t&&t.length?t[0]:"")}function j(t){return""+(t.ads?1:0)+(t.personalisation?1:0)+(t.performance?1:0)}function f(x){if(typeof x==="undefined"){x=i}if(typeof arguments[0]==="string"){var u=arguments[0],w=arguments[1];if(u==="necessary"){w=true}x=l();x[u]=w}else{if(typeof arguments[0]==="object"){x.necessary=true}}var v=new Date();v.setYear(v.getFullYear()+1);bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbc.co.uk;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbc.com;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbci.co.uk;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");var t=new Date(v.getTime());t.setMonth(t.getMonth()+1);bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbc.co.uk;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbc.com;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbci.co.uk;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");return x}function o(t){if(t===null){return null}var u=t.split("");return{ads:!!+u[0],personalisation:!!+u[1],performance:!!+u[2],necessary:true}}function n(){var t=new RegExp("(?:^|; ?)"+m+"=(\\d\\d\\d)($|;)"),u=document.cookie.match(t);if(!u){return null}return u[1]}function l(t){var u=o(n());if(!u){u=i}if(t){return u[t]}else{return u}}function e(t){return document.cookie=t+"=;expires="+q+";"}var g=!(window.bbccookies_flag==="ON"&&!bbccookies._acceptsAll()&&!window.bbccookies_disable);var k={},d={"personalisation":"ckps_.+|X-AB-iplayer-.+|ACTVTYMKR|BBC_EXAMPLE_COOKIE|BBCIplayer|BBCiPlayerM|BBCIplayerSession|BBCMediaselector|BBCPostcoder|bbctravel|CGISESSID|ed|food-view|forceDesktop|h4|IMRID|locserv|MyLang|myloc|NTABS|ttduserPrefs|V5|WEATHER|BBCScienceDiscoveryPlaylist_.+|bitratePref|correctAnswerCount|genreCookie|highestQuestionScore|incorrectAnswerCount|longestStreak|MSCSProfile|programmes-oap-expanded|quickestAnswer|score|servicePanel|slowestAnswer|totalTimeForAllFormatted|v|BBCwords|score|correctAnswerCount|highestQuestionScore|hploc|BGUID|BBCWEACITY|mstouch|myway|BBCNewsCustomisation|cbbc_anim|cbeebies_snd|bbcsr_usersx|cbeebies_rd|BBC-Latest_Blogs|zh-enc|pref_loc|m|bbcEmp.+|recs-.+|_lvd2|_lvs2|tick|_fcap_CAM1|_rcc2","performance":"ckpf_.+|optimizely.*|BBCLiveStatsClick|id|_em_.+|cookies_enabled|mbox|mbox-admin|mc_.+|omniture_unique|s_.+|sc_.+|adpolicyAdDisplayFrequency|s1|ns_session|ns_cookietest|ns_ux|NO-SA|tr_pr1|gvsurvey|bbcsurvey|si_v|sa_labels|obuid|mm_.+|mmid|mmcore.+|mmpa.+","ads":"ckad_.+|rsi_segs|c","necessary":"ckns_.+|BBC-UID|blq\\.dPref|SSO2-UID|BBC-H2-User|rmRpDetectReal|bbcComSurvey|IDENTITY_ENV|IDENTITY|IDENTITY-HTTPS|IDENTITY_SESSION|BBCCOMMENTSMODULESESSID|bbcBump.+|IVOTE_VOTE_HISTORY|pulse|BBCPG|BBCPGstat|ecos\\.dt"};function r(){var x=document.cookie.replace(/; +/g,";").split(";"),u,v=[];for(var w=0,t=x.length;w<t;w++){u=x[w];v.push(bbccookies._getCookieName(u))}return v}function h(w){var v=JSON.stringify(w);if(typeof(k[v])!=="undefined"){return k[v]}var u="";for(var t in w){if(w.hasOwnProperty(t)&&d[t]){if(w[t]===true){u+=(u?"|":"")+d[t]}}}k[v]=new RegExp("^("+(u?u:".*")+")$","i");return k[v]}bbccookies.getPolicyExpiryDateTime=function(){return bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME};bbccookies.purge=function(){var u=bbccookies.readPolicy(),w=r(),x;for(var v=0,t=w.length;v<t;v++){if(!bbccookies.isAllowed(w[v],u)){x=new Date();x.setTime(0);x=x.toUTCString();s(w[v],"deleted",x)}}};function p(){if(g){return}bbccookies.purge();contentLoaded(window,bbccookies.purge);if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("beforeunload",bbccookies.purge,false)}else{if(window.attachEvent){window.attachEvent("onbeforeunload",bbccookies.purge)}else{window.onbeforeunload=bbccookies.purge}}}bbccookies.set=function(u,t){if(g){return document.cookie=u}var v=bbccookies._getCookieName(u);if(t||bbccookies.isAllowed(v)){return document.cookie=u}return null};bbccookies.isAllowed=function(v){var u=bbccookies.readPolicy();var t=h(u);return t.test(v)};p()})(); /*! * contentloaded.js * * Author: Diego Perini (diego.perini at gmail.com) * Summary: cross-browser wrapper for DOMContentLoaded * Updated: 20101020 * License: MIT * Version: 1.2 * * URL: * http://javascript.nwbox.com/ContentLoaded/ * http://javascript.nwbox.com/ContentLoaded/MIT-LICENSE * */ function contentLoaded(d,i){var c=false,h=true,k=d.document,j=k.documentElement,a=k.addEventListener,n=a?"addEventListener":"attachEvent",l=a?"removeEventListener":"detachEvent",b=a?"":"on",m=function(o){if(o.type==="readystatechange"&&k.readyState!="complete"){return}(o.type==="load"?d:k)[l](b+o.type,m,false);if(!c&&(c=true)){i.call(d,o.type||o)}},g=function(){try{j.doScroll("left")}catch(o){setTimeout(g,50);return}m("poll")};if(k.readyState==="complete"){i.call(d,"lazy")}else{if(!a&&j.doScroll){try{h=!d.frameElement}catch(f){}if(h){g()}}k[n](b+"DOMContentLoaded",m,false);k[n](b+"readystatechange",m,false);d[n](b+"load",m,false)}}if(typeof(require)==="function"&&!require.defined("orb/cookies")){define("orb/cookies",window.bbccookies)}; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript"> define('orb/cookies', function() { return window.bbccookies; }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){window.orb={};window.orb.figState={ad:0,ap:0,ck:1,eu:1,mb:0,tb:0,uk:1,df:1};window.orb.fig=function(a){return(arguments.length)?window.orb.figState[a]:window.orb.figState};window.orb.fig.device={};window.orb.fig.geo={};window.orb.fig.user={};window.orb.fig.isDefault=function(){return window.orb.fig("df")};window.orb.fig.device.isTablet=function(){return window.orb.fig("tb")};window.orb.fig.device.isMobile=function(){return window.orb.fig("mb")};window.orb.fig.geo.isUK=function(){return window.orb.fig("uk")};window.orb.fig.geo.isEU=function(){return window.orb.fig("eu")};window.fig=window.fig||{};window.fig.manager={include:function(e){e=e||window;var g=false;var j=e.document,k=j.cookie,i=k.match(/(?:^|; ?)ckns_orb_fig=([^;]+)/),h;if(i){i=this.deserialise(decodeURIComponent(RegExp.$1));this.setFig(e,i)}if(window.fig.async&&typeof JSON!="undefined"){var b=(document.cookie.match("(^|; )ckns_orb_cachedfig=([^;]*)")||0)[2];h=b?JSON.parse(b):null;if(h){this.setFig(e,h);g=true}}var a="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://fig.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/fig/1/fig.js";if(g){j.write('<script src="'+a+'" async><'+"/script>")}else{j.write('<script src="'+a+'"><'+"/script>")}},confirm:function(a){return true},setFig:function(a,b){(function(){a.orb=a.orb||{};a.orb.figState=b})()},deserialise:function(b){var a={};b.replace(/([a-z]{2}):([0-9]+)/g,function(){a[RegExp.$1]=+RegExp.$2});return a}}})();fig.manager.include();/*]]>*/</script>  <script type="text/javascript">window.bbcFlagpoles_istats="ON",require.config({paths:{"istats-1":"//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-82/js/istats-1","megavolt-client":"//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-82/js/megavolt-client"},config:{"megavolt-client":{baseUrl:"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://mvt.api.bbc.com"}}}),require(["istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(e,t){if(t.isAllowed("s1")){e.addCollector({name:"default",url:"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s",separator:"&"});var a="earth.columns.rare-earth.page";e.setCountername(a),window.istats_countername&&e.setCountername(window.istats_countername),e.addLabels("ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=82")}});</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ window.bbcFlagpoles_istats = 'ON'; window.orb = window.orb || {}; if (typeof bbccookies !== 'undefined' && bbccookies.isAllowed('s1')) { var istatsTrackingUrl = '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=earth.columns.rare-earth.page&pal_route=webserviceapi&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=barlesque&prod_name=frameworks&app_name=frameworks'; require(['istats-1'], function (istats) { var counterName = (window.istats_countername) ? window.istats_countername : istatsTrackingUrl.match(/[\?&]name=([^&]*)/i)[1]; istats.setCountername(counterName); istats.addLabels('pal_route=webserviceapi&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=barlesque&prod_name=frameworks&app_name=frameworks'); var c = (document.cookie.match(/\bckns_policy=(\d\d\d)/) || []).pop() || ''; istats.addLabels({ 'blq_s': '4d', 'blq_r': '2.7', 'blq_v': 'default', 'blq_e': 'pal', 'bbc_mc': (c ? 'ad' + c.charAt(0) + 'ps' + c.charAt(1) + 'pf' + c.charAt(2) : 'not_set') } ); }); } /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(undefined){if(!window.bbc){window.bbc={}}var ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS=30;window.bbc.Mandolin=function(id,segments,opts){var now=new Date().getTime(),storedItem,DEFAULT_START=now,DEFAULT_RATE=1,COOKIE_NAME="ckpf_mandolin";opts=opts||{};this._id=id;this._segmentSet=segments;this._store=new window.window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage(COOKIE_NAME);this._opts=opts;this._rate=(opts.rate!==undefined)?+opts.rate:DEFAULT_RATE;this._startTs=(opts.start!==undefined)?new Date(opts.start).getTime():new Date(DEFAULT_START).getTime();this._endTs=(opts.end!==undefined)?new Date(opts.end).getTime():daysFromNow(ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS);this._signupEndTs=(opts.signupEnd!==undefined)?new Date(opts.signupEnd).getTime():this._endTs;this._segment=null;if(typeof id!=="string"){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: id must be defined and be a string")}if(Object.prototype.toString.call(segments)!=="[object Array]"){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: Segments are required.")}if(opts.rate!==undefined&&(opts.rate<0||opts.rate>1)){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: Rate must be between 0 and 1.")}if(this._startTs>this._endTs){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: end date must occur after start date.")}if(!(this._startTs<this._signupEndTs&&this._signupEndTs<=this._endTs)){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: SignupEnd must be between start and end date")}removeExpired.call(this,now);var overrides=window.bbccookies.get().match(/ckns_mandolin_setSegments=([^;]+)/);if(overrides!==null){eval("overrides = "+decodeURIComponent(RegExp.$1)+";");if(overrides[this._id]&&this._segmentSet.indexOf(overrides[this._id])==-1){throw new Error("Invalid Override: overridden segment should exist in segments array")}}if(overrides!==null&&overrides[this._id]){this._segment=overrides[this._id]}else{if((storedItem=this._store.getItem(this._id))){this._segment=storedItem.segment}else{if(this._startTs<=now&&now<this._signupEndTs&&now<=this._endTs&&this._store.isEnabled()===true){this._segment=pick(segments,this._rate);if(opts.end===undefined){this._store.setItem(this._id,{segment:this._segment})}else{this._store.setItem(this._id,{segment:this._segment,end:this._endTs})}log.call(this,"mandolin_segment")}}}log.call(this,"mandolin_view")};window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.getSegment=function(){return this._segment};function log(actionType,params){var that=this;require(["istats-1"],function(istats){istats.log(actionType,that._id+":"+that._segment,params?params:{})})}function removeExpired(expires){var items=this._store.getItems(),expiresInt=+expires;for(var key in items){if(items[key].end!==undefined&&+items[key].end<expiresInt){this._store.removeItem(key)}}}function getLastExpirationDate(data){var winner=0,rollingExpire=daysFromNow(ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS);for(var key in data){if(data[key].end===undefined&&rollingExpire>winner){winner=rollingExpire}else{if(+data[key].end>winner){winner=+data[key].end}}}return(winner)?new Date(winner):new Date(rollingExpire)}window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.log=function(params){log.call(this,"mandolin_log",params)};window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.convert=function(params){log.call(this,"mandolin_convert",params);this.convert=function(){}};function daysFromNow(n){var endDate;endDate=new Date().getTime()+(n*60*60*24)*1000;return endDate}function pick(segments,rate){var picked,min=0,max=segments.length-1;if(typeof rate==="number"&&Math.random()>rate){return null}do{picked=Math.floor(Math.random()*(max-min+1))+min}while(picked>max);return segments[picked]}window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage=function(name){validateCookieName(name);this._cookieName=name;this._isEnabled=(bbccookies.isAllowed(this._cookieName)===true&&bbccookies.cookiesEnabled()===true)};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.setItem=function(key,value){var storeData=this.getItems();storeData[key]=value;this.save(storeData);return value};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.isEnabled=function(){return this._isEnabled};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.getItem=function(key){var storeData=this.getItems();return storeData[key]};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.removeItem=function(key){var storeData=this.getItems();delete storeData[key];this.save(storeData)};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.getItems=function(){return deserialise(this.readCookie(this._cookieName)||"")};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.save=function(data){window.bbccookies.set(this._cookieName+"="+encodeURIComponent(serialise(data))+"; expires="+getLastExpirationDate(data).toUTCString()+";")};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.readCookie=function(name){var nameEq=name+"=",ca=window.bbccookies.get().split("; "),i,c;validateCookieName(name);for(i=0;i<ca.length;i++){c=ca[i];if(c.indexOf(nameEq)===0){return decodeURIComponent(c.substring(nameEq.length,c.length))}}return null};function serialise(o){var str="";for(var p in o){if(o.hasOwnProperty(p)){str+='"'+p+'"'+":"+(typeof o[p]==="object"?(o[p]===null?"null":"{"+serialise(o[p])+"}"):'"'+o[p].toString()+'"')+","}}return str.replace(/,\}/g,"}").replace(/,$/g,"")}function deserialise(str){var o;str="{"+str+"}";if(!validateSerialisation(str)){throw"Invalid input provided for deserialisation."}eval("o = "+str);return o}var validateSerialisation=(function(){var OBJECT_TOKEN="<Object>",ESCAPED_CHAR='"\\n\\r\\u2028\\u2029\\u000A\\u000D\\u005C',ALLOWED_CHAR="([^"+ESCAPED_CHAR+"]|\\\\["+ESCAPED_CHAR+"])",KEY='"'+ALLOWED_CHAR+'+"',VALUE='(null|"'+ALLOWED_CHAR+'*"|'+OBJECT_TOKEN+")",KEY_VALUE=KEY+":"+VALUE,KEY_VALUE_SEQUENCE="("+KEY_VALUE+",)*"+KEY_VALUE,OBJECT_LITERAL="({}|{"+KEY_VALUE_SEQUENCE+"})",objectPattern=new RegExp(OBJECT_LITERAL,"g");return function(str){if(str.indexOf(OBJECT_TOKEN)!==-1){return false}while(str.match(objectPattern)){str=str.replace(objectPattern,OBJECT_TOKEN)}return str===OBJECT_TOKEN}})();function validateCookieName(name){if(name.match(/ ,;/)){throw"Illegal name provided, must be valid in browser cookie."}}})(); /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript"> document.documentElement.className += (document.documentElement.className? ' ' : '') + 'orb-js'; fig.manager.confirm(); </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/script/orb/api.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/script/orb/font.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var blq = { environment: function() { return 'live'; } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ function oqsSurveyManager(w, flag) { if (flag !== 'OFF' && (w.orb.fig("no") || w.orb.fig("uk"))) { w.document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/script/vendor/edr.min.js"><'+'/script>'); } } oqsSurveyManager(window, 'ON'); /*]]>*/ </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); /*]]>*/ </script><style type="text/css">.bbccom_display_none{display:none;}</style><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcomConfig, googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var bbcdotcom = false; (function(){ if(typeof require !== 'undefined') { require({ paths:{ "bbcdotcom":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/script" } }); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcom = { adverts: { keyValues: { set: function() {} } }, advert: { write: function () {}, show: function () {}, isActive: function () { return false; }, layout: function() { return { reset: function() {} } } }, config: { init: function() {}, isActive: function() {}, setSections: function() {}, isAdsEnabled: function() {}, setAdsEnabled: function() {}, isAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAssetPrefix: function() {}, setVersion: function () {}, setJsPrefix: function() {}, setSwfPrefix: function() {}, setCssPrefix: function() {}, setConfig: function() {}, getAssetPrefix: function() {}, getJsPrefix: function () {}, getSwfPrefix: function () {}, getCssPrefix: function () {} }, survey: { init: function(){ return false; } }, data: {}, init: function() {}, objects: function(str) { return false; }, locale: { set: function() {}, get: function() {} }, setAdKeyValue: function() {}, utils: { addEvent: function() {}, addHtmlTagClass: function() {}, log: function () {} }, addLoadEvent: function() {} }; /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb !== 'undefined' && typeof orb.fig === 'function') { if (orb.fig('ad') && orb.fig('uk') == 0) { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: (orb.fig('ad') ? 1 : 0), stats: (orb.fig('uk') == 0 ? 1 : 0), statsProvider: orb.fig('ap') }; } } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://www.bbc.com' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://tps.bbc.com')+'/wwscripts/data">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb === 'undefined' || typeof orb.fig !== 'function') { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: bbcdotcom.data.a, stats: bbcdotcom.data.b, statsProvider: bbcdotcom.data.c }; } if (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://www.bbc.co.uk' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk')+'/wwscripts/flag">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (typeof bbcdotcom.flag == 'undefined' || (typeof bbcdotcom.data.ads !== 'undefined' && bbcdotcom.flag.a != 1))) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 0; } if (/[?|&]ads/.test(window.location.href) || /(^|; )ads=on; /.test(document.cookie) || /; ads=on(; |$)/.test(document.cookie)) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 1; bbcdotcom.data.stats = 1; } if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcom.assetPrefix = "https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/"; if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/style/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.css" />'); } else { document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/style/dist/bbcdotcom.css" />'); } (function() { var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; var src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'; document.write('<scr' + 'ipt src="' + src + '">\x3C/script>'); })(); if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.js">\x3C/script>'); } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.js">\x3C/script>'); } } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://secure-us.imrworldwide.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://me-cdn.effectivemeasure.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/">'); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.googletagservices.com/">'); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcomConfig = {"adFormat":"standard","adKeyword":"","adMode":"smart","adsEnabled":true,"appAnalyticsSections":"","asyncEnabled":false,"disableInitialLoad":false,"advertInfoPageUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170918235951\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/privacy\/cookies\/international\/","advertisementText":"Advertisement","analyticsEnabled":true,"appName":"barlesque","assetPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170918235951\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/1.66.0\/","customAdParams":[],"customStatsParams":[],"headline":"","id":"","inAssociationWithText":"in association with","keywords":"","language":"","orbTransitional":false,"outbrainEnabled":true,"adsenseEnabled":true,"adsportappEnabled":true,"lotameEnabled":true,"palEnv":"live","productName":"","sections":[],"comScoreEnabled":true,"comscoreSite":"bbc","comscoreID":"19293874","comscorePageName":"","slots":"","sponsoredByText":"is sponsored by","adsByGoogleText":"Ads by Google","summary":"","type":"","features":{"testfeature":{"name":"testfeature","envs":["sandbox","int","test"],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null},"lxadverts":{"name":"lxadverts","envs":[],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null}},"staticBase":"\/bbcdotcom","staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170918235951\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk","staticVersion":"1.66.0","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170918235951\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/1.66.0","dataHttp":"tps.bbc.com","dataHttps":"www.bbc.com","flagHttp":"www.bbc.co.uk","flagHttps":"www.bbc.co.uk","analyticsHttp":"sa.bbc.com","analyticsHttps":"ssa.bbc.com"}; bbcdotcom.config.init(bbcdotcomConfig, bbcdotcom.data, window.location, window.document); bbcdotcom.config.setAssetPrefix("https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.66.0/"); bbcdotcom.config.setVersion("1.66.0"); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); if (/[?|&]ex-dp/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ex-dp=') !== -1) { bbcdotcom.utils.addHtmlTagClass('bbcdotcom-ex-dp'); } } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.head = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> // Globally available search context window.SEARCHBOX={"variant":"default","locale":"en","navSearchboxStaticPrefix":"//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-133","searchboxAppStaticPrefix":"//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://search.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox-app/1.0.19","searchFormHtml":"<div tabindex=\"-1\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og\" data-react-checksum=\"1886463233\"><div data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0\"><section class=\"se-searchbox-panel\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-layout\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox-title\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.0\">search</div><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1\"><form accept-charset=\"utf-8\" id=\"searchboxDrawerForm\" method=\"get\" action=\"https://search.bbc.co.uk/search\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0\"><label class=\"se-searchbox__input\" for=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.0\"><span class=\"se-sr-only\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0\">Search Term</span><input name=\"q\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" id=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" class=\"se-searchbox__input__field\" maxlength=\"512\" autocomplete=\"off\" autocorrect=\"off\" autocapitalize=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.1\"/></label><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"scope\" value=\"\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.2\"/><button type=\"submit\" class=\"se-searchbox__submit\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.3\">Search</button><button type=\"button\" class=\"se-searchbox__clear se-searchbox__clear--visible\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.4\">Close</button></form></div></div></div></section><div aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"se-suggestions-container\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.1\"><section class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.1.0\"></section></div></div></div>","searchScopePlaceholder":"","searchScopeParam":"","searchScopeTemplate":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperStart":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperEnd":""}; window.SEARCHBOX.suppress = false; window.SEARCHBOX.searchScope = SEARCHBOX.searchScopeTemplate.split('-')[0]; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951cs_/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-133/css/main.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951cs_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/id-cta.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951cs_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/id-cta-v5.css"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var map = {}; if (typeof(map['jssignals-1']) == 'undefined') { map['jssignals-1'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://static.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/jssignals/0.3.6/modules/jssignals-1'; } require({paths: map}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/dist/idcta-1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { if (!window.require) { throw new Error('idcta: could not find require module'); } if(typeof(map) == 'undefined') { var map = {}; } if(!!document.createElementNS && !!document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', "svg").createSVGRect) { document.documentElement.className += ' id-svg'; } var ptrt = RegExp("[\\?&]ptrt=([^&#]*)").exec(document.location.href); var ENDPOINT_URL = '//' + ((window.location.protocol == "https:") ? ('ssl.bbc.co.uk').replace("www.", "ssl.") : ('ssl.bbc.co.uk').replace("ssl.", "www.")); var ENDPOINT_CONFIG = ('/idcta/config?callback&locale=en-GB&ptrt=' + encodeURI((ptrt ? ptrt[1] : document.location.href))).replace(/\&/g, '&'); var ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS = '/idcta/translations?callback&locale=en-GB'; map['idapp-1'] = '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbc.co.uk/idapp/0.72.58/modules/idapp/idapp-1'; map['idcta'] = '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta'; map['idcta/config'] = [ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_CONFIG, '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/fallbackConfig']; map['idcta/translations'] = [ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS, '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/fallbackTranslations']; require({paths: map}); /* * Temporary code * To be removed when old id-statusbar-config is no longer supported */ define('id-statusbar-config', ['idcta/id-config'], function(conf) { return conf; }); define('idcta/id-statusbar-config', ['idcta/id-config'], function(conf) { return conf; }); })(); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951cs_/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/css/main.min.css"/>  <script> var isIE8=false, _config={"version":"rc43","adpolicy":{"ad-display-frequency":180},"weather_api":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://open.live.bbc.co.uk","full_forecast_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/"},"bbc":{"ps":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk"},"ww":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com"}},"domain":"www.bbc.com","images":{"default":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2g/t3/p02gt3v6.jpg","title":"BBC Earth Default Placeholder","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/30/k9/p030k9by.jpg"},"capital-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe//images/live/p0/2y/vw/p02yvwtm.jpg","title":"BBC Capital External Link"},"autos-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2y/vx/p02yvx7t.jpg","title":"BBC Autos External Link"},"culture-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2v/0x/p02v0x03.jpg","title":"BBC Culture External Link"},"earth-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/30/k9/p030k9by.jpg","title":"BBC Earth External Link"},"future-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2r/tx/p02rtx8g.jpg","title":"BBC Future External Link"},"travel-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2j/hr/p02jhrqm.jpg","title":"BBC Travel External Link"},"sol-catch-page":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/4d/f9/p04df9pv.jpg","title":"BBC Earth - Sir David Attenborough's Story of Life"},"sol-video-page":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/4d/f9/p04df9pv.jpg","title":"BBC Earth - Sir David Attenborough's Story of Life"}},"module":{"id":"wwearth","backendModuleId":"wwearth","isGeoRestricted":false,"name":"Earth","domain":"earth","brandColor":"#008e9b","description":"BBC Earth"},"moduleId":"wwearth","environment":"live","socialIcons":{"default":{"desktop":["facebook","twitter","reddit","stumbleupon","google","email"],"mobile":["facebook","twitter","reddit","whatsapp","google","email"]},"slideshow_gallery":{"desktop":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","reddit"],"mobile":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","whatsapp"]},"sol_video_player":{"desktop":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","reddit"],"mobile":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","whatsapp"]}},"socialLinks":{"facebook":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://www.facebook.com/BBCEarth"},"twitter":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://twitter.com/BBCEarth","username":"BBCEarth"},"youtube":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://www.youtube.com/user/BBCEarth"},"instagram":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://instagram.com/bbcearth"}},"analytics":{"is_enabled":true,"bbc_vertical_regex":"/^http(|s):\\/\\/[a-z0-9\\-.]+.bbc.com\\/(future|culture|earth|capital|autos|travel|britain)(\\/)?(.*)?/","comscore":{"is_enabled":true,"url_ssc_http":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/","url_ssc_https":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://ssc.api.bbc.com/","url_scorecard_http":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://b.scorecardresearch.com/b","url_scorecard_https":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/b","suite":"bbc","customer_id":"19774467","user_tracking_cookie":"ckpf_sscid","user_tracking_cookie_legacy":"ckpf_uid","delay_tracking_cookie":"ckpf_wwverticalscs","tracking_timeout":500}},"image_recipe":{"recipe_prefix":"live/","watermarking_enabled":true},"story-of-life":{"custom-collection-max-length":6,"image-url":{"directory":"live","recipe-placeholder":"{recipe}"}},"static":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40","brand-img-dir":"/img/shared/brands/","vertical":"earth","module":"wwearth"}}, _entityMapping="wwearth/column/{id}", _exposedData={"promos":{"paging":{"itemsPerPage":12,"page":1,"totalItems":89,"totalPages":8}}}, _routes={"column-index":{"route":"/earth/columns/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/collection/column","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"column-results":{"route":"/earth/columns/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/column/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"story":{"route":"/earth/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"story-preview":{"route":"/earth/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"tag-index":{"route":"/earth/tags/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/tag-index","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"tag":{"route":"/earth/tags/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"tag/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"native-story":{"route":"/earth/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwearth/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"native-story-preview":{"route":"/earth/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"native-column":{"route":"/earth/sponsored/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/native-column/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"search":{"route":"/earth/search/:keywords:/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/search/{keywords}","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/earth/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/earth/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"future-now":{"route":"/earth/now","entity-mapping":"wwearth/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"untold-world":{"route":"/earth/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwearth/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"article-third-party-content":{"route":"/earth/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"article-story":{"route":"/earth/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/earth/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"section-index":{"route":"/earth/sections/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/collection/section","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"section-results":{"route":"/earth/sections/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/section/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"front-page":{"route":"/earth/world/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/front-page","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"front-page-redirect":{"route":"/earth/","entity-mapping":"wwearth/front-page","rules":{}},"sol-player":{"route":"/earth/storyoflife/player:?query:","entity-mapping":"storyoflife/player","rules":{"?query":"isValidSOLQuery"}},"sol-catch-page":{"route":"/earth/storyoflife:/::?query:","entity-mapping":"storyoflife/app","rules":{"?query":"isValidSOLQuery"}},"wwfuture-story":{"route":"/future/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-story":{"route":"/culture/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-story":{"route":"/travel/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-story":{"route":"/autos/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-story":{"route":"/capital/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-story-preview":{"route":"/future/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-story-preview":{"route":"/culture/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-story-preview":{"route":"/travel/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-story-preview":{"route":"/autos/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-story-preview":{"route":"/capital/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-native-story":{"route":"/future/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-native-story":{"route":"/culture/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwculture/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-native-story":{"route":"/travel/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-native-story":{"route":"/autos/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwautos/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-native-story":{"route":"/capital/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-native-story-preview":{"route":"/future/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-native-story-preview":{"route":"/culture/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-native-story-preview":{"route":"/travel/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-native-story-preview":{"route":"/autos/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-native-story-preview":{"route":"/capital/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/future/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/culture/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/travel/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/autos/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/capital/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/future/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/culture/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/travel/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/autos/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/capital/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-future-now":{"route":"/future/now","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-future-now":{"route":"/culture/now","entity-mapping":"wwculture/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-future-now":{"route":"/travel/now","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-future-now":{"route":"/autos/now","entity-mapping":"wwautos/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-future-now":{"route":"/capital/now","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-untold-world":{"route":"/future/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-untold-world":{"route":"/culture/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwculture/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-untold-world":{"route":"/travel/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-untold-world":{"route":"/autos/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwautos/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-untold-world":{"route":"/capital/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/future/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/culture/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/travel/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/autos/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/capital/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-article-story":{"route":"/future/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-article-story":{"route":"/culture/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-article-story":{"route":"/travel/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-article-story":{"route":"/autos/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-article-story":{"route":"/capital/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/future/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/culture/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/travel/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/autos/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/capital/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true}}, _comscoreKeyValues=false, isMobileDevice=function(){ var user_agent = navigator.userAgent, mobile=/Mobile|iP(hone|od|ad)|Android|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Kindle|NetFront|Silk-Accelerated|(hpw|web)OS|Fennec|Minimo|Opera M(obi|ini)|Blazer|Dolfin|Dolphin|Skyfire|Zune/; return mobile.test(user_agent); }, loadCss = function (url) { var link = document.createElement("link"); link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; link.href = url; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link); }, hasTheMustard = function (){ if(('querySelector' in document && 'localStorage' in window && 'addEventListener' in window)) { return true; } return false; }, isWebKit =function(){ if(RegExp(" AppleWebKit/").test(navigator.userAgent)){ return true; } return false; }, hasFixedWidthLayout= function (){ return isIE8; }, removeNoJsClass = function(){ var bodyTag = document.getElementsByTagName('body'); var container; if (bodyTag.length > 0) { bodyTag[0].className = bodyTag[0].className.replace(new RegExp('no-js', 'g'), ''); } if(container=document.getElementById('wwfeatures-container')){ container.className =""; } }, requireConfig; requireConfig={ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/scripts/requirejs/', paths:{ 'mapboxgl-supported': '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/plugins/mapbox-gl-supported/v1.2.0/mapbox-gl-supported', mapboxgl: '../../components/mapboxgl/mapbox-gl', mapboxjs: '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://api.mapbox.com/mapbox.js/v3.0.1/mapbox', 'requestLoader':'service/client-request-loader', 'templates':'wwearth/templates' }, shim: { mapboxjs: { exports: 'L' } } }; _comscoreKeyValues = {"c2":"19774467","ns_site":"bbc","name":"bbc_-_earth_-_rare_earth","b_vs_un":"bc","c7":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/rare-earth","b_c7":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/rare-earth","c8":"bbc_-_earth_-_rare_earth","b_app_type":"web","b_app_name":"earth|rc43","b_code_ver":"rc43","b_imp_ver":"rc43","b_imp_src":"wwf","b_site_section":"column.rare-earth","b_site_channel":"earth","b_site_subsec1":"rare-earth","b_edition":"international","b_column":"rare-earth","b_page_type":"idx|col"}; require(requireConfig); </script>  <script> window.onload = removeNoJsClass; var availableStyles = [ 'responsive-core', 'sol-core', 'video-playlist-player', 'cultural-calender', 'weather', 'slideshow-gallery', 'tpc', 'super-section', 'maps' ]; if(hasTheMustard()){ for(var ctr=0;ctr<availableStyles.length;ctr++){ loadCss('https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/css/wwearth/'+availableStyles[ctr]+'.css'); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var Logger={ debug: function () { }, info: function () { }, warn: function () { }, error: function () { } } require(['util/logger'],function(logger){ logger.useDefaults(); if((typeof digitalData !=="undefined")&& (digitalData.environment=="sandbox")){ logger.setLevel(logger.DEBUG); } else { logger.setLevel(logger.INFO); } window.Logger=logger; }); if (Function.prototype.bind && window.console && typeof console.log == "object"){ [ "log","info","warn","error","assert","dir","clear","profile","profileEnd" ].forEach(function (method) { console[method] = this.bind(console[method], console); }, Function.prototype.call); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> if ((typeof bbcdotcom != "undefined") && (typeof bbcdotcom.setConfig != 'undefined')){ bbcdotcom.setConfig({ siteCatalystEnabled: false, comScoreEnabled: false }); } window.advertising={"adsDisabled":false,"keywords":{"page":"column_index","column":"rare_earth","sectn":"rare_earth"},"adUnit":"bbcearth.com/earth_column_rare_earth_index","adSlots":{"parallax":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"parallax","async":true},"leaderboard":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"leaderboard","async":true},"leaderboard-1_2_3":{"id":"leaderboard","groups":"1_2_3","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3]","async":true},"leaderboard-4":{"id":"leaderboard","groups":"4","jsonGroups":"[4]","async":true},"mpu-1_2_3":{"id":"mpu","groups":"1_2_3","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3]","async":true},"mpu-4":{"id":"mpu","groups":"4","jsonGroups":"[4]","async":true},"mpu-1_2":{"id":"mpu","groups":"1_2","jsonGroups":"[1,2]","async":true},"mpu-3_4":{"id":"mpu","groups":"3_4","jsonGroups":"[3,4]","async":true},"mpu_bottom":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"mpu_bottom","async":true},"native_side":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"native_side","async":true},"native_responsive":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"native_responsive","async":true},"ad_feature_rc":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"ad_feature_rc","async":true},"promo_feature_responsive":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_responsive","async":true},"promo_feature_1":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_1","async":true},"promo_feature_2":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_2","async":true},"promo_feature_3":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_3","async":true},"responsive_box_1":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"responsive_box_1","async":true},"responsive_box_2":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"responsive_box_2","async":true,"deferred":true},"verticalnavbar":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"verticalnavbar","async":true},"sponsor-section-content":{"id":"sponsor_section","groups":"1_2_3","text":"IN ASSOCIATION WITH","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3]","async":true},"sponsor-section-hero":{"id":"sponsor_section","groups":"4","text":"IN ASSOCIATION WITH","jsonGroups":"[4]","async":true}},"async":true,"adsToDisplay":["parallax","leaderboard","mpu","mpu_bottom","native_side","native_responsive","ad_feature_rc","promo_feature_responsive","promo_feature_1","promo_feature_2","promo_feature_3","responsive_box_1","verticalnavbar","sponsor_section"]}; try{ if((typeof window.bbcdotcom != 'undefined') && (typeof bbcdotcom.setAdUnit != 'undefined') && (typeof bbcdotcom.init != 'undefined') && (typeof bbcdotcom.setAdKeyValue != 'undefined')){ for(var keyword in window.advertising.keywords) { bbcdotcom.setAdKeyValue(keyword,window.advertising.keywords[keyword]); } bbcdotcom.setAdUnit(window.advertising.adUnit); bbcdotcom.init({ asyncEnabled: true, "adsToDisplay":window.advertising.adsToDisplay }); } } catch (err) { Logger.error(err); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.optimizely = window.optimizely || []; window.optimizely.push({ type: 'cookieExpiration', cookieExpirationDays: 1095 }); </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/features_prod.js"></script>  </head> <body class="no-js"> <div id="bbccom_interstitial_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_interstitial" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_interstitial'); }); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var wallpaper; if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { if (bbcdotcom.config.isAsync()) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_wallpaper'); }); } else if (typeof googletag !== "undefined" && typeof googletag.display === "function") { googletag.display("wallpaper"); } wallpaper = bbcdotcom.adverts.adRegister.getAd('wallpaper'); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAdsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('analytics')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAnalyticsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyFirst = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script> <div id="blq-global"> <div id="blq-pre-mast"> </div> </div> <script type="text/html" id="blq-bbccookies-tmpl"><![CDATA[ <section> <div id="bbccookies" class="bbccookies-banner orb-banner-wrapper bbccookies-d"> <div id="bbccookies-prompt" class="orb-banner b-g-p b-r b-f"> <h2 class="orb-banner-title"> Cookies on the BBC website </h2> <p class="orb-banner-content" dir="ltr"> The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website.<span class="bbccookies-international-message"> We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you.</span> If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. </p> <ul class="orb-banner-options"> <li id="bbccookies-continue"> <button type="button" id="bbccookies-continue-button">Continue</button> </li> <li id="bbccookies-settings"> <a href="/privacy/cookies/managing/cookie-settings.html">Change settings</a> </li> <li id="bbccookies-more"><a href="/privacy/cookies/bbc">Find out more</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </section> ]]></script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){if(bbccookies._showPrompt()){var g=document,b=g.getElementById("blq-pre-mast"),e=g.getElementById("blq-bbccookies-tmpl"),a,f;if(b&&g.createElement){a=g.createElement("div");f=e.innerHTML;f=f.replace("<"+"![CDATA[","").replace("]]"+">","");a.innerHTML=f;b.appendChild(a);blqCookieContinueButton=g.getElementById("bbccookies-continue-button");blqCookieContinueButton.onclick=function(){a.parentNode.removeChild(a);return false};bbccookies._setPolicy(bbccookies.readPolicy())}var c=g.getElementById("bbccookies");if(c&&!window.orb.fig("uk")){c.className=c.className.replace(/\bbbccookies-d\b/,"");c.className=c.className+(" bbccookies-w")}}})(); /*]]>*/</script> <noscript><p style="position: absolute; top: -999em"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951im_/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=earth.columns.rare-earth.page&ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=82&blq_js_enabled=0&blq_s=4d&blq_r=2.7&blq_v=default&blq_e=pal&pal_route=webserviceapi&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=barlesque&prod_name=frameworks&app_name=frameworks" height="1" width="1" alt=""></p></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (typeof bbccookies !== 'undefined' && bbccookies.isAllowed('s1')) { (function () { require(['istats-1'], function (istats) { istatsTrackingUrl = istats.getDefaultURL(); if (istats.isEnabled() && bbcFlagpoles_istats === 'ON') { sitestat(istatsTrackingUrl); } else { window.ns_pixelUrl = istatsTrackingUrl; /* used by Flash library to track */ } function sitestat(n) { var j = document, f = j.location, b = ""; if (j.cookie.indexOf("st_ux=") != -1) { var k = j.cookie.split(";"); var e = "st_ux", h = document.domain, a = "/"; if (typeof ns_ != "undefined" && typeof ns_.ux != "undefined") { e = ns_.ux.cName || e; h = ns_.ux.cDomain || h; a = ns_.ux.cPath || a } for (var g = 0, f = k.length; g < f; g++) { var m = k[g].indexOf("st_ux="); if (m != -1) { b = "&" + decodeURI(k[g].substring(m + 6)) } } bbccookies.set(e + "=; expires=" + new Date(new Date().getTime() - 60).toGMTString() + "; path=" + a + "; domain=" + h); } window.ns_pixelUrl = n; } }); })(); } else { window.istats = {enabled: false}; } /*]]>*/</script>   <header id="orb-banner" role="banner">   <div id="orb-header" class="orb-nav-pri orb-nav-pri-white b-header--white--black orb-nav-empty"> <div class="orb-nav-pri-container b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-blocks"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/img/bbc-blocks-dark.png" width="84" height="24" alt="BBC"/> </a> </div> <section> <div class="orb-skip-links"> <h2>Accessibility links</h2> <ul> <li><a id="orb-accessibility-help" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div id="mybbc-wrapper" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-id orb-nav-focus"> <div id="idcta-statusbar" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-focus"> <a id="idcta-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://account.bbc.com/account"> <span id="idcta-username">BBC iD</span> </a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(['idcta/statusbar'], function(statusbar) { new statusbar.Statusbar({"id":"idcta-statusbar","publiclyCacheable":true}); }); </script> <a id="notification-link" class="js-notification-link animated three" href="#"> <span class="hidden-span">Notifications</span> <div class="notification-link--triangle"></div> <div class="notification-link--triangle"></div> <span id="not-num"></span> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" class="orb-nav"> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-links orb-nav-focus" id="orb-nav-links"> <h2>BBC navigation</h2> <ul> <li class="orb-nav-home orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-homedotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-news orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/weather/">Weather</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-shop orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://shop.bbc.com/">Shop</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earthdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel-dotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-capital orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/capital/">Capital</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/iplayer/">iPlayer</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-culture orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-autos orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/autos/">Autos</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-future orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/future/">Future</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tv"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/tv/">TV</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-radio"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/radio/">Radio</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/cbbc">CBBC</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/cbeebies">CBeebies</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/food/">Food</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/iwonder">iWonder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/education">Bitesize</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-music"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/music/">Music</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earth orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-arts"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/arts/">Arts</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-makeitdigital"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/makeitdigital">Make It Digital</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/taster">Taster</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-nature orb-w"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/nature/">Nature</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-local"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/local/">Local</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tomorrowsworld orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/tomorrowsworld">Tomorrow's World</a> </li> <li id="orb-nav-more"><a href="#orb-footer" data-alt="More">Menu<span class="orb-icon orb-icon-arrow"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-search"> <a class="orb-search__button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" title="Search the BBC">Search</a> <form class="b-f" id="orb-search-form" role="search" method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div> <label for="orb-search-q">Search the BBC</label> <input id="orb-search-q" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" name="q" placeholder="Search"> <button id="orb-search-button" class="orb-search__button">Search the BBC</button> <input type="hidden" name="suggid" id="orb-search-suggid"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="orb-panels"> <script type="text/template" id="orb-panel-template"><![CDATA[ <div id="orb-panel-<%= panelname %>" class="orb-panel" aria-labelledby="orb-nav-<%= panelname %>"> <div class="orb-panel-content b-g-p b-r"> <%= panelcontent %> </div> </div> ]]></script> </div> </div> </header>  <div id="orb-modules"> <div id="content-wrapper"> <div id="wwfeatures-container">  <div id="homepage-three-column-simple" class="container-index"> <div id="version" class=""> <div id="bbccom_leaderboard_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('leaderboard', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div>  <div id="nav-branding-wrapper"> <div id="nav-branding">  <div id="branding"> <div id="branding-top"> <div class="branding-left"></div> <div class="branding-right"></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-brand"> <div class="site-brand-lining"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth" id="brand">Earth</a> <a id="sections-nav-button" href="#nav-bottom" role=".navigation" aria-label="secondary"> <span class="icon-sections"></span><span class="title-sections">Menu</span> </a> </div> </div>  <div id="nav-top"> <div class="navigation-wrapper " data-cs-module="navigation"> <ul class="navigation-list" role="navigation" aria-label=""> <li class=" first"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-0" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Home"> <div class="line1">Home </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/attenboroughs-story-of-life" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-1" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Attenborough's Story of Life"> <div class="line1">Attenborough's Story of Life </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/the-big-questions" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-2" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Big Questions"> <div class="line1">Big Questions </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/discoveries " class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-3" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Discoveries"> <div class="line1">Discoveries </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/video" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-4" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Video"> <div class="line1">Video </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://pages.s6.exacttarget.com/page.aspx?QS=38dfbe491fab00ea37b48fbad871a432a781c2e2dbd234649e2ab4fb3968988f" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-5" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Earth by email"> <div class="line1">Earth by email </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160419-about-us" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-6" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="About us"> <div class="line1">About us </div> </a> </li> <li class="featured featured-native last"> <div id="bbccom_verticalnavbar_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('verticalnavbar', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page"> <div id="page-lining">  <div class="container-index" id="homepage-three-column-simple" role="main">  <div class="hero-unit " data-hero-unit="true"> <div class="hero-unit-image-wrapper"> <div class="responsive-image-wrapper"> <img data-fixed-width-format="wwfeatures-1280-640" width="130" height="73" title="Female blue-eyed black lemur (Credit: imageBROKER / Alamy)" alt="Female blue-eyed black lemur (Credit: imageBROKER / Alamy)" class="responsive-hero" data-caption="Female blue-eyed black lemur (Credit: imageBROKER / Alamy)" data-caption-title="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951im_/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/wm/live/130_73/images/live/p0/2h/jk/p02hjk90.jpg" data-landscape/> </div> </div> <div class="hero-unit-overlay"> <div class="hero-unit-image-overlay-1"></div> <div class="hero-unit-image-overlay-2"></div> <div class="hero-unit-image-overlay-3"></div> </div> <div class="hero-unit-lining"> <div class="hero-unit-header-wrapper"> <div class="primary-header-wrapper"> <div class="primary-header primary-header-with-context"> <h1 class="primary-heading" role="heading">Rare Earth</h1> <div class="introduction-wrapper"> <p class="introduction">The natural world's rarest and most vulnerable treasures, and the efforts to save them.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="secondary-header-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_sponsor_section_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('sponsor_section', [4], false, 'IN ASSOCIATION WITH'); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="bbccom_sponsor_section_1_2_3" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('sponsor_section', [1,2,3], false, 'IN ASSOCIATION WITH'); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div class="page-content page-component-wrapper"> <div class="promo-group-1-wrapper"> <ul class="article-list article-list-group-1 " data-cs-module="story-index"> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper advert"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('mpu', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170615-two-headed-porpoise-caught-in-net-is-the-first-ever-found" data-anchor-title="Conjoined twin porpoises caught in net (Credit: Henk Tanis)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-1-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="'Two-headed' baby porpoise found in net" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Conjoined twin porpoises caught in net (Credit: Henk Tanis)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/55/zx/p055zxql.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Conjoined twin porpoises caught in net (Credit: Henk Tanis) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170615-two-headed-porpoise-caught-in-net-is-the-first-ever-found" data-cs-id="story-index-1-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="'Two-headed' baby porpoise found in net" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">'Two-headed' baby porpoise found in net</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">The conjoined twins are the first of their kind</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170516-when-wolves-return-to-the-wild-everything-changes" data-anchor-title="Grey wolves have returned to Yellowstone (Credit: Jeff Vanuga/naturepl.com)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-2-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="When wolves return to the wild" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Grey wolves have returned to Yellowstone (Credit: Jeff Vanuga/naturepl.com)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/53/3v/p0533v64.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Grey wolves have returned to Yellowstone (Credit: Jeff Vanuga/naturepl.com) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/wolf" title="View Wolf"> Wolf</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170516-when-wolves-return-to-the-wild-everything-changes" data-cs-id="story-index-2-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="When wolves return to the wild" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">When wolves return to the wild</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">There are unexpected consequences</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/wolf" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/wolf" data-cs-id="story-index-2-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="When wolves return to the wild" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Wolf</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170505-scotland-is-home-to-small-tigers-but-maybe-not-for-long" data-anchor-title="A Scottish wildcat (Credit: Ann & Steve Toon/naturepl.com)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-3-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Scotland is home to miniature 'tigers'" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="A Scottish wildcat (Credit: Ann & Steve Toon/naturepl.com)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/52/17/p052177m.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of A Scottish wildcat (Credit: Ann & Steve Toon/naturepl.com) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/britain" title="View Britain"> Britain</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170505-scotland-is-home-to-small-tigers-but-maybe-not-for-long" data-cs-id="story-index-3-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Scotland is home to miniature 'tigers'" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">Scotland is home to miniature 'tigers'</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">These wild cats are small but incredibly fierce</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="wwtravel/destination/europe/great-britain" href="" data-cs-id="story-index-3-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Scotland is home to miniature 'tigers'" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Great Britain</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/britain" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/britain" data-cs-id="story-index-3-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Scotland is home to miniature 'tigers'" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Britain</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170427-we-are-wasting-the-beautiful-world-we-have-been-given" data-anchor-title="The Lake District inspired Wordsworth (Credit: Izel Photography/Alamy)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-4-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="What everyone should know about nature" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="The Lake District inspired Wordsworth (Credit: Izel Photography/Alamy)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/51/68/p0516802.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of The Lake District inspired Wordsworth (Credit: Izel Photography/Alamy) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/nature" title="View Nature"> Nature</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170427-we-are-wasting-the-beautiful-world-we-have-been-given" data-cs-id="story-index-4-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="What everyone should know about nature" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">What everyone should know about nature</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">The crucial thing we all need to understand</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/nature" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/nature" data-cs-id="story-index-4-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="What everyone should know about nature" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Nature</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper advert"> <div id="bbccom_native_responsive_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('native_responsive', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170420-why-the-penguin-lady-is-on-a-mission-to-protect-penguins" data-anchor-title="Oiled jackass penguin (credit: Avalon / Photoshot License / Alamy Stock Photo)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-5-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Meet the woman saving Earth's penguins" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Oiled jackass penguin (credit: Avalon / Photoshot License / Alamy Stock Photo)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/50/ll/p050ll6y.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Oiled jackass penguin (credit: Avalon / Photoshot License / Alamy Stock Photo) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/penguin" title="View Penguin"> Penguin</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170420-why-the-penguin-lady-is-on-a-mission-to-protect-penguins" data-cs-id="story-index-5-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Meet the woman saving Earth's penguins" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">Meet the woman saving Earth's penguins</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">Dyan deNapoli, The Penguin Lady, is on a mission to help these endangered birds</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/penguin" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/penguin" data-cs-id="story-index-5-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Meet the woman saving Earth's penguins" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Penguin</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/oceans" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/oceans" data-cs-id="story-index-5-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Meet the woman saving Earth's penguins" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Oceans</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper advert"> <div id="bbccom_adsense_mpu_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('adsense_mpu', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170403-americas-pronghorns-are-survivors-of-a-mass-extinction" data-anchor-title="Pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) (Credit: Charlie Summers/naturepl.com)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-6-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="These animals are relics of the Ice Age" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) (Credit: Charlie Summers/naturepl.com)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4y/xs/p04yxsm9.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) (Credit: Charlie Summers/naturepl.com) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/extinction" title="View Extinction"> Extinction</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170403-americas-pronghorns-are-survivors-of-a-mass-extinction" data-cs-id="story-index-6-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="These animals are relics of the Ice Age" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">These animals are relics of the Ice Age</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">They lived alongside mammoths and sabre-toothed cats</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/extinction" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/extinction" data-cs-id="story-index-6-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="These animals are relics of the Ice Age" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Extinction</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170321-how-the-tasmanian-devil-has-responded-to-infectious-cancers" data-anchor-title="Developing a vaccine will be key (Credit: WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-7-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Tasmanian devils are battling cancer" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Developing a vaccine will be key (Credit: WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4x/k9/p04xk9hy.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Developing a vaccine will be key (Credit: WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/disease" title="View Disease"> Disease</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170321-how-the-tasmanian-devil-has-responded-to-infectious-cancers" data-cs-id="story-index-7-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Tasmanian devils are battling cancer" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">Tasmanian devils are battling cancer</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">They are struggling to survive a deadly disease</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/disease" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/disease" data-cs-id="story-index-7-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Tasmanian devils are battling cancer" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Disease</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170224-the-disaster-that-helped-end-the-us-whaling-industry" data-anchor-title="This image appeared in Harper's Weekly (Credit: Robert Schwemmer Maritime Library)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-8-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The disaster that helped stop whaling" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="This image appeared in Harper's Weekly (Credit: Robert Schwemmer Maritime Library)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4q/0q/p04q0ql6.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of This image appeared in Harper's Weekly (Credit: Robert Schwemmer Maritime Library) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/whale" title="View Whale"> Whale</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170224-the-disaster-that-helped-end-the-us-whaling-industry" data-cs-id="story-index-8-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The disaster that helped stop whaling" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">The disaster that helped stop whaling</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">The whaling industry was brought to its knees</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/whale" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/whale" data-cs-id="story-index-8-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The disaster that helped stop whaling" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Whale</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170207-the-woman-who-lives-alongside-wolves-in-order-to-save-them" data-anchor-title="Tonya Carloni has spent her life alongside wolves (Credit: Gina Bender)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-9-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The woman who lives with wolves" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Tonya Carloni has spent her life alongside wolves (Credit: Gina Bender)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4s/5w/p04s5w99.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Tonya Carloni has spent her life alongside wolves (Credit: Gina Bender) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/wolf" title="View Wolf"> Wolf</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170207-the-woman-who-lives-alongside-wolves-in-order-to-save-them" data-cs-id="story-index-9-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The woman who lives with wolves" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">The woman who lives with wolves</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">She got her first wolf when she was just two</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/wolf" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/wolf" data-cs-id="story-index-9-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The woman who lives with wolves" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Wolf</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170206-religion-can-make-us-more-environmentally-friendly-or-not" data-anchor-title="People's attitudes to lions are changeable (Credit: Wim van den Heever/naturepl.com)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-10-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="How people learn to live with nature" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="People's attitudes to lions are changeable (Credit: Wim van den Heever/naturepl.com)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4r/sc/p04rsc97.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of People's attitudes to lions are changeable (Credit: Wim van den Heever/naturepl.com) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/religion" title="View Religion"> Religion</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170206-religion-can-make-us-more-environmentally-friendly-or-not" data-cs-id="story-index-10-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="How people learn to live with nature" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">How people learn to live with nature</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">The surprising factor that shapes your attitude to wildlife</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/religion" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/religion" data-cs-id="story-index-10-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="How people learn to live with nature" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Religion</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170130-the-woman-working-on-the-front-line-of-the-war-on-poaching" data-anchor-title="African elephants (Loxodonta africana) (Credit: Paulette Sinclair/Alamy)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-11-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Elephants have an unexpected champion" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="African elephants (Loxodonta africana) (Credit: Paulette Sinclair/Alamy)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4r/bk/p04rbkly.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) (Credit: Paulette Sinclair/Alamy) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/elephant" title="View Elephant"> Elephant</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170130-the-woman-working-on-the-front-line-of-the-war-on-poaching" data-cs-id="story-index-11-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Elephants have an unexpected champion" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">Elephants have an unexpected champion</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">And ivory poachers have a new enemy</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/elephant" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/elephant" data-cs-id="story-index-11-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Elephants have an unexpected champion" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Elephant</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="promo-unit-wrapper"> <article> <div class="promo-unit "> <div class="promo-unit-lining"> <div data-brand="earth" class="promo-unit-layout-standard "> <div class="promo-unit-image"> <div class="promo-unit-image-lining"> <a data-replace-url="/earth/story/20170117-on-the-trail-of-the-orangutan-killers" data-anchor-title="Sabah, Borneo (Credit: naturepl.com/Alamy)" data-caption="" data-caption-title="" data-replace-image="true" data-is-portrait="false" data-additional-wrapper-class="" data-cs-id="story-index-12-story-promo-image" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The world's most beautiful crime scene" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-image" class="replace-image" title="Sabah, Borneo (Credit: naturepl.com/Alamy)" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/130_73/images/live/p0/4p/x3/p04px3tw.jpg"> <div class="replace-image-additional-content"><div class="pointer"></div></div> View image of Sabah, Borneo (Credit: naturepl.com/Alamy) </a> </div> <div class="promo-unit-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="promo-unit-copy"> <div class="promo-unit-copy-lining"> <div class="promo-unit-header promo-unit-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/ape" title="View Ape"> Ape</a> </span> </li> </ul> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170117-on-the-trail-of-the-orangutan-killers" data-cs-id="story-index-12-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The world's most beautiful crime scene" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <h3 class="promo-unit-title">The world's most beautiful crime scene</h3> </a> </div> <p class="promo-unit-summary">A huge criminal operation is at work</p> <ul class="link-box-list "> <li class="link-box-list-item"> <a id="tag/ape" href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/tags/ape" data-cs-id="story-index-12-story-promo-link" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="The world's most beautiful crime scene" data-cs-element-type="story-promo-link" data-cs-total-element-count="12"> <div class="link-box "> <span class="link-text">Ape</span> <div class="pointer"></div> </div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="parallax-slot-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_parallax_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('parallax', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <ul id="more-stories-wrapper" class="article-list" data-cs-module="more-stories-wrapper"></ul> <div id="load-more-wrapper" class="load-more-button">  </div> </div>  <noscript> <div id="nav-bottom"> <div class="navigation-wrapper " data-cs-module="navigation"> <ul class="navigation-list" role="navigation" aria-label=""> <li class=" first"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-0" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Home"> <div class="line1">Home </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/attenboroughs-story-of-life" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-1" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Attenborough's Story of Life"> <div class="line1">Attenborough's Story of Life </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/the-big-questions" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-2" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Big Questions"> <div class="line1">Big Questions </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/discoveries " class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-3" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Discoveries"> <div class="line1">Discoveries </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/video" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-4" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Video"> <div class="line1">Video </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/https://pages.s6.exacttarget.com/page.aspx?QS=38dfbe491fab00ea37b48fbad871a432a781c2e2dbd234649e2ab4fb3968988f" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-5" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Earth by email"> <div class="line1">Earth by email </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160419-about-us" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-6" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="About us"> <div class="line1">About us </div> </a> </li> <li class="featured featured-native last"> <div id="bbccom_verticalnavbar_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('verticalnavbar', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </noscript> <div id="extra-footer" class="extra-footer" class="clearfix"> <div class="page-component-wrapper"> <div id="around-bbc" class="component-placeholder around-the-bbc"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://static.bbcverticals.com/earth/config/live/columns/rare-earth/config.json"></script> <script> if(hasTheMustard()|| hasFixedWidthLayout()){ var requirePaths={}; if(isWebKit()){ requirePaths.jquery="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/components/jquery-modern/dist/jquery"; }else{ requirePaths.jquery= "https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/components/jquery-legacy/jquery"; } require.config({ paths:requirePaths, shim: { 'selectivity': ['jquery'], 'actual': ['jquery'] } }); require(['wwearth/main'], function(App){ var myApp = new App(); } ); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/scripts/vendor/comscore/comscore.js"></script> <noscript> <p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951im_/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/?c1=2&c2=19774467&ns_site=bbc&name=bbc_-_earth_-_rare_earth&b_vs_un=bc&c7=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fcolumns%2Frare-earth&b_c7=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fcolumns%2Frare-earth&c8=bbc_-_earth_-_rare_earth&b_app_type=web&b_app_name=earth%7Crc43&b_imp_ver=rc43&b_imp_src=wwf&b_site_section=column.rare-earth&b_site_channel=earth&b_site_subsec1=rare-earth&b_edition=international&b_column=rare-earth&b_page_type=idx%7Ccol" height="1" width="1" alt="*"/> </p> </noscript> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-47973230-2', 'bbc.com'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config={}; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.uid = '50924'; _sf_async_config.domain = 'bbc.co.uk'; _sf_async_config.sections = 'earth,rare-earth'; _sf_async_config.authors = 'false'; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script> </div> <div id="orb-footer" class="orb-footer orb-footer-grey b-footer--grey--white"> <div id="navp-orb-footer-promo" class="orb-footer-grey"></div> <aside role="complementary"> <div id="orb-aside" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-footer-inner" role="navigation"> <h2 class="orb-footer-lead">Explore the BBC</h2> <div class="orb-footer-primary-links"> <ul> <li class="orb-nav-home orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-homedotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-news orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/weather/">Weather</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-shop orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://shop.bbc.com/">Shop</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earthdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel-dotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-capital orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/capital/">Capital</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/iplayer/">iPlayer</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-culture orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-autos orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/autos/">Autos</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-future orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/future/">Future</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tv"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/tv/">TV</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-radio"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/radio/">Radio</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/cbbc">CBBC</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/cbeebies">CBeebies</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/food/">Food</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/iwonder">iWonder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/education">Bitesize</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-music"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/music/">Music</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earth orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-arts"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/arts/">Arts</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-makeitdigital"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/makeitdigital">Make It Digital</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/taster">Taster</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-nature orb-w"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/nature/">Nature</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-local"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/local/">Local</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tomorrowsworld orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/tomorrowsworld">Tomorrow's World</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div id="orb-contentinfo" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-footer-inner"> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/terms/">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/">About the BBC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/cookies/about">Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/guidance/">Parental Guidance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/contact/">Contact the BBC</a> </li> <li class=" orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://advertising.bbcworldwide.com/">Advertise with us</a> </li> <li class=" orb-w"> <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/cookies/international/">Ad choices</a> </li> </ul> <small> <span class="orb-hilight">Copyright © 2017 BBC.</span> The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. <a href="/web/20170918235951/http://www.bbc.com/help/web/links/" class="orb-hilight">Read about our approach to external linking.</a> </small> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && window.bbcdotcom.analytics && bbcdotcom.config && !bbcdotcom.config.isSportApp()) { bbcdotcom.analytics.page(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.write(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.postWrite(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled() && bbcdotcom.lotame){ bbcdotcom.lotame.write(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats === 1 && bbcdotcom.utils && window.location.pathname === '/' && window.bbccookies && bbccookies.readPolicy('performance') ) { var wwhpEdition = bbcdotcom.utils.getMetaPropertyContent('wwhp-edition'); var _sf_async_config={}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 50924; _sf_async_config.domain = "bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.title = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ' - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.sections = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ', Homepage - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.region = wwhpEdition; _sf_async_config.path = "/"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? '?'+wwhpEdition : ''); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyLast = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div> <script type="text/javascript" id="orb-js-script" data-assetpath="http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918235951js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.28/orb/4/script/orb.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { 'use strict'; var promoManager = { url: '', promoLoaded: false, makeUrl: function (theme, site, win) { var loc = win? win.location : window.location, proto = loc.protocol, host = loc.host, url = proto + '//' + ((proto.match(/s:/i) && !host.match(/^www\.(int|test)\./i))? 'ssl.' : 'www.'), themes = ['light', 'dark']; if ( host.match(/^(?:www|ssl|m)\.(int|test|stage|live)\.bbc\./i) ) { url += RegExp.$1 + '.'; } else if ( host.match(/^pal\.sandbox\./i) ) { url += 'test.'; } theme = themes[ +(theme === themes[0]) ]; return url + 'bbc.co.uk/navpromo/card/' + site + '/' + theme; }, init: function(node) { var disabledByCookie = (document.cookie.indexOf('ckns_orb_nopromo=1') > -1), that = this; if (window.promomanagerOverride) { for (var p in promomanagerOverride) { that[p] = promomanagerOverride[p]; } } if ( window.orb.fig('uk') && !disabledByCookie ) { require(['orb/async/_footerpromo', 'istats-1'], function(promo, istats) { var virtualSite = istats.getSite() || 'default'; that.url = (window.promomanagerOverride || that).makeUrl('light', virtualSite); if (that.url) { promo.load(that.url, node, { onSuccess: function(e) { if(e.status === 'success') { node.parentNode.className = node.parentNode.className + ' orb-footer-promo-loaded'; promoManager.promoLoaded = true; promoManager.event('promo-loaded').fire(e); } }, onError: function() { istats.log('error', 'orb-footer-promo-failed'); bbccookies.set('ckns_orb_nopromo=1; expires=' + new Date(new Date().getTime() + 1000 * 60 * 10).toGMTString() + ';path=/;'); } }); } }); } } }; define('orb/promomanager', ['orb/lib/_event'], function (event) { event.mixin(promoManager); return promoManager; }); require(['orb/promomanager'], function (promoManager) { promoManager.init(document.getElementById('navp-orb-footer-promo')); }) })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> require.config({ paths: { "mybbc/templates": '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/templates', "mybbc/notifications": '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/js' } }); require(['mybbc/notifications/NotificationsMain', 'idcta/idcta-1'], function (NotificationsMain, idcta) { var loadNotifications = function (fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { NotificationsMain.run(idcta, '//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/'); } }; var orbFig = window.orb.fig; if (typeof orbFig.load === 'function') { // Use new async API from Orbit orbFig.load(loadNotifications, loadNotifications); } else { // Use old sync-only API from PAL orbfig project loadNotifications(orbFig); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof require !== 'undefined') { require(['istats-1'], function(istats){ istats.track('external', { region: document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] }); istats.track('download', { region: document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] }); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.SEARCHBOX.suppress === false && window.SEARCHBOX.locale && /^en-?.*?/.test(window.SEARCHBOX.locale)) { require.config({ paths: { "search/searchbox": window.SEARCHBOX.searchboxAppStaticPrefix, "disco-layer": "//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/discovery-layer/0.0.1-85.8a82c59/app" } }); require(['search/searchbox/searchboxDrawer'], function (SearchboxDrawer) { SearchboxDrawer.run(window.SEARCHBOX); }); require(['disco-layer'], function (discoLayer) { discoLayer.run("//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/discovery-layer/content/", "//web.archive.org/web/20170918235951/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/discovery-layer/0.0.1-85.8a82c59/main.css"); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript">require(["megavolt-client","istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(t,e,i){function o(){return"true"===l&&a&&t&&"function"==typeof t.getMVTIStatsLabels}function n(){!c&&o()?setTimeout(function(){e.invoke()},"500"):e.invoke()}var s=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),a=!(s.indexOf("msie")>-1)||parseInt(s.split("msie")[1],10)>10,c=!1,l="true";if(i.isAllowed("s1"))try{if(o()&&t.getMVTIStatsLabels(function(t){e.addLabels(t),c=!0}),!require.s.contexts._.config.paths.idcta)return void n();require(["idcta/idcta-1"],function(t){t&&"function"==typeof t.getIStatsLabels&&e.addLabels(t.getIStatsLabels()),n()},function(t){throw t})}catch(t){console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&console.log("an exception occurred while adding idcta labels to istats, invoking istats without them",t),n()}});</script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

BBC - Earth - Rare Earth