CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e9e6bb63b9e8365',cH: 'Wqeg.PbzeFn7yibvU4bVu49G3ec.Q3I3FfUEVC3SvdU-1732839509-1.2.1.1-GNhl4iA0Hs8BNQnjK8hIM5wxcm0ly2j7i7RxNHE_Q9E7H4JVaw8rT4yrMc.dvuuS',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=C000549&__cf_chl_tk=tPkFDfiVA7quoqMshoREugUbD0ohYeSOphMvIVnltho-1732839509-1.0.1.1-v5o9JsK5EosQ5Pqs9v4QiyeN01HZmkRsNAJILCSZGf4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732839509',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=C000549&__cf_chl_f_tk=tPkFDfiVA7quoqMshoREugUbD0ohYeSOphMvIVnltho-1732839509-1.0.1.1-v5o9JsK5EosQ5Pqs9v4QiyeN01HZmkRsNAJILCSZGf4",md: "UVVPjfkFzAOViq2VYazEt0EejE6FE4aTlB3QqDMOjWA-1732839509-1.2.1.1-gRn19xpDfVbTvWPvSmQ9mW8Doiwb76XQSew.5pQcXR3Zu.kCJD4IRWrnjbCEk0xGo1.8rA_J1h_Un0V.Qf32DuLZjzf8wdQ7iZITpE89H7G52a2VUMYeF_Okd3I5iXRqA62ouhMnAONDQwigeCQ80t1yOvUAHYckKovetAa4eWhHTz.RE_G2icIeMi7jLPbshwejdoAj5CGBXHd8WFwIiOlF01PSOIfwlHToyGbJPwXeuiwnrmXgr68S_RsiJ6jRoyja7lk97mcBKXOOAjNzvkZHo5pGHfDq_PZ0e55NkY9skxGzWpPwF1y_L1VJgGgzPTxBqNUJoYmJorcnepbh_oMdFwYHFXzg_n97PEmEJVgGB1e.nSNhrePlQwCd5eX2WwmvvN8H0NzpmzrItmaP7pZL1g3CvC6e3o8R06O9t.ylWy6cWTnx.9dHf494VEjdX0Ai9gUgUypWTpW3mk8g3Ag.2vFkdEdGxh9_U2iKU7WXyWvn1aMuJ6geU4A.d1fqrm7AV3D6zArdgxq__bV_WFGzLCHSMji6ibRRh2vigZOJZEy5n5Hfd9zGU8tyFvToF3YulC2YdmHdFb90ztoI5oOYPL27dfMbCSjkJycb1ahwRzv2eJ41wytaUvoRmrhfQj1j9oh9N.CGUkFarOOo4lr_c3m4VkisN0FCNMSZge8gcPO4nB6zhCizJKJYJsDr.yFKRP63vKBOutXznhHh4k8PYHF4sXY_auPirODR.v5SjWSclW.6i4AQ6h1NoABlp1tVRMO6eg8_1oU_qFppXCbnlLnBc6Wn0i_G4X_Qb8rM.VczPh7L8QFa40EB36Ahth6yA_tuWlaqdo307dvCcrCeCOXM_jPskh.hInrPjAMUnqoFb5i92AX25LM9MhX0kt8Y7OGhvUOTL7TG0ixu24gB.LkiYRXBdt9BjR9cj_8oiQL_eUfm.NReV2JitMY2T_75ySAvvKElzywAgB8o1Rq5HG_FsW6jn0JJXELZILbwFDR5VqPxk.jtdc9OLU8XkEOUrSKHSu3rEe39qqljAUO_nE1jGIK7xZdjOKFYMhzoMzerp.24PlBPVkHKaNM6q.rJb1Sci4LAVmqiFU9vg08lt7XcCqhQOhcjMFlWld5A56YNJQBt1FJ2sio6Jwq1tnWlg_aVGq5_pVIqoUgdu63pA8i_jmNr98iwxBEVOPuEqhQkJhTP4FRAxNnyYrROuKalJqItfk.8v5e33biFWpgNOJp8EDWl9a.aJI8ZCbja9Qr3HpGEtXNNKyHAgZkWfGlUqMXTUEQWfN3M_dMZx9Ab_Pln3s37qEdq4Y_OQEeBzeuUQVco1E9EEg1Xgf1bUMYgBQrx2ek4zt91UbvaxtuagsJhhhqV1DvdsCEyV5y6TZlDsNRx1CDn_aPH6OldihptSzVRxM9LtH3zWcsl2C_2vcn3y9ky4NN9E.TVkFeNG21zjhiss5XRNuD.Df4wv1YoScezqlvwlcwexuaxrTMuUiXq_do.vBND9xJXheW_k6gn8f5GwGWmrgqlvaEgYGuMjXMC0nJIimw1880MP2Nb5X_repcnY769q3dydlHK8ubFyycEKEyWsgP7J0K6OShJROtCujvaKekbvG3ixJRibBOshABhIF.4esjvdLtmPs3p_WsIyOSsqhSdF80kyiHZs8k1FKElLQk9wwr1k1pkIRcS23UalJURb8XmL.9dgesKdnbPo0yVI4356GNPIwJYv4EFq.3hemiOfKKjWPi4USkdSadz0phA2qhnzowME8tbVBpqEk174ewadRf8JI6GRqpPyyv54XqL982e535tgZNxG7vX.RowI9An8UjU86EDtDLtN1YerlSW9kVr4TrmwZY7jmNoItY12d0aj9.ruMhleFy5ulUmCLxqTtcgS2Yx8noJEwH1y5ffoQQNKvIaRIWvkWUppcLWkl9eqqt4y3iTwVDIMohF1NxpoG2ebHuBAaftT3f6348XS3LiMT5BZxkvhSwVL0iRY2jStNZTNsheIn3ekZShrcu5s2g",mdrd: "3WKMum.io79nAgSPVZB0OlYro.e.Wr2eQceWJGerOX8-1732839509-1.2.1.1-1vY13Gg1XTBoUo33HLuYF1rL9oUEu_Sdub9phz4qtdDvCqrl3_XdmPfWxo5o8eMdmn4SSyBiQCIppc0FUv917Vd6epkwVaekGvuJE1tIjRP3_RSobPFUNT8p15AszIlMZCLRP71F_dRqSpzRpcQ0zjtAbUSPIDXw2QctS25qM2JvFgCC.u4MhC69AL0cvnAYUMaGdyD6UtZwFbT5lLsa_hR9RMehWt6v140Mw7TtfTHgaK69fKUDILZhW3fprqz.ii5ENBZ.lw6gt_dRFksIaIcbrmHeYp1oC0vzbVfrtyec0BsP5jEvv0of4wf5.J8HBlrZ0QITUuXgxH6AfVQ6d.zbzynTDxxx.KrKBBuhmhWcKayE0RmC4jAa9wcldO5tmpB7Ql5QE8mIcIXVHpZZjx24lzXQDTf3cGNI3b8vV8dTw4iTl6p0.udG_7KFhZEvALjz_40h8mU.xjm3gG.sZquXizVhSInNg2.ogmIPZniAnIpwogxhM5Ht3nmEDpkSCucLF_58R.iJPhlykK.TRE45Fbvf88496s95S1lDvj82m7qi.UPpRupLM4JJ8r8.qbTMYvSP8zLIGXF0QG6pOFi9nPgVW_W4bLUTOGpnuDsE60sOGfR.dnIzSVaT8HCmUzehi9t32S0giTqAgHHKPRl9T6x3UJqnPyFcEJSPpwzsQlOpNkrClkR2KJPF9j3Vyg61CDAHss8Tk0l6c3u0zQSKEhHzsW_4VWrxdfnNzyHR2IktiNGanjXxLaxXS8pvmvotAXo0H52QzmyCmrSfFn1ovWnqcG_RYdcNknNUEqnx__.kbGx8TNx1gnJ2XXvhMat_6mQi6oewg8fKjxkqTbLNctNQH55lIobKqW07MyoKgfpX2phiid9fy414Aq304PQIsteGrlmfoFhGWGg_QKeO9xcTVM5dpkd1rnMd26DdeXoMeDOnlnymDo9cP5kvbO3222XM5cz4Di5vyznLvtMp2Pv8vruCYXYlohQGBZqJwcwr2zTrcGeLihEXscTd7xyYCHy0itbAlaw54t_bmPueXrUaVu9.mU4Sl2nxfHdAZdxiq7nq_d.c34altFvL7XnQB0AraQszOenFXXcPdnHO4rTQyxhmyHuE1UwYMazvcXUDAbp8pMNSQIX0AWKTzbJ0JsL.BCNnYPEBmMBi6Qn1IbzZUTXq5fkuANRyuA87vCCSrn0NjjLziqVonrJQwtKQOK2mlq1CWKCZ0g5WqhdATXNKdG9SQEOlJtGWpwkLn0GutbMsE5wKuzp1St_Z47JKejjjTlHeOsYGRGkoWsOjC8.jIw7DR2H_PrYpSKrNOkV5n.3ilu1IkOQdarwVKBWQAONfcVRxx9dGDlqOUtAR9EqaXdxnYjMHxtg0_EhQcC581xAXKt5Jjf1knzqRPeA.o_OA8fg5iYyLhdXBsdAwJ3RxanwDVcWvdMO_XC0rSaNH8g4yNEM_7pj2qSRvpQYkfTwmoquFrzSBiiRJpnYo4giRlwPgFWECQFk.jCLHG8ckVp7XPZREHMb5slJDqTcKY6tYo1.TktAz4tLaifewPv.B_b_5XDqgS4.dmpl3nQuljP_Qv85HAruQjM7B.JttpAANO7dQvP1pS_bgugm5QQrSIi2mZQtp18pmqpZKXjCslg4EUJi4k3.pOHhRpVr.PIevY32_LmhRFf12x9ChJaApSgy1HMfNrPZgImf6n0YBgZorl9S73ciEqPqaJDauMNUKHSxc8EEaIg1UoG63_UJ7mkh.bbHwp0yBCC89PwpPxXfQbe2CpoY3XhFoU3Ozi406kNTTjC4VEWV0jgGKjDZNsEQeHmhoPcXYAHqV33ZGjazFfqZJbx6wJ0p978iNzUeeQVqd_nJVs90JYHD77oxeCvJKLhaArRVecDEDD85zTKiRULt_oL_V.IPPLSeW8yMPvxQmSD9UMCzQpa4QrMbwMIdJ0HQ1c0puK7wNCm3P6ROVUchsr5RpaI8s"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9e6bb63b9e8365';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=C000549&__cf_chl_rt_tk=tPkFDfiVA7quoqMshoREugUbD0ohYeSOphMvIVnltho-1732839509-1.0.1.1-v5o9JsK5EosQ5Pqs9v4QiyeN01HZmkRsNAJILCSZGf4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>