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</div> </header> </div> <div class="siteInnerWrapper"> <main> <div class="fullWidth"> <div class="hero secondary-white fullWidth"> <div class="heroMask"> <div class="bannerImage off " style="background-image: url(https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/rocket-1245696_1920.jpeg-e1627911339768.jpg) "> </div> </div> <h1 class="center white">Rocket Science</h1> </div> <div data-aos="fade-up" class="text-block b-white normal normal"> <div class="container smallWidth text-block alignLeft normal normal"> <p></p><h2>ThinkTank Maths tackles the mathematical challenges of next-generation rockets.</h2><p><strong>The most visible feature of any launcher is its hypersonic plume. The cone of hot gas that expands as the rocket climbs up in the atmosphere is a spectacular sight. Unfortunately, if the plume gets too wide, the heat from the <em>alumina particles</em> — tiny pieces of superheated aluminium oxide found in most solid propellants — can actually damage the payload. </strong></p><p> </p><p>Making sure this does not happen is a crucial problem in rocket science: it constrains launcher concepts and requires extensive prototyping and testing. During the course of a new launcher development project, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Aerothermodynamics group asked ThinkTank Maths to consider novel approaches to the mathematics of rocket plumes — beyond the conventional practices of Computational Fluid Dynamics.</p><p> </p><p></p> </div> </div> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="200" height="79" src="https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/esa.jpeg" alt="ESA" class="wp-image-3751"/></figure><div class="container bannerWrap fullWidth"> <div class="bannerMask" style="mask-image: url('https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/themes/chop-child/images/type-a2.svg')"> <div class="bannerImage darkblue normal normal" style="background-image: url(https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/pexels-edvin-richardson-796206-scaled.jpg)"> <div data-aos="fade-up" class="wrapper left"> <div class="white"><h4>A richer theoretical understanding of the plume and its radiative effects is bringing new perspectives to launcher design — to begin with, to understand the risks, and ultimately to deliver satellites to orbit undamaged.</h4></div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div data-aos="fade-up" class="text-block b-white normal normal"> <div class="container mediumWidth text-block alignCenter normal normal"> <p><em>This work was carried out under a programme funded by the European Space Agency. This case study has been prepared by TTM and does not necessarily express the official opinion of the European Space Agency.</em></p> </div> </div> <section class="case-studies fullWidth"> <h2 class="">OTHER CASE STUDIES ON SUSTAINABLE SPACE</h2> <div class="carousel"> <div class="item darkblue" style="background: url(https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/800px-Jules_Verne_Automated_Transfer_Vehicle_re-enters_Earths_atmosphere-small-1.jpg)"> <a href="https://www.thinktankmaths.com/case-studies/thinktank-maths-helps-the-european-space-agency-to-boldly-go/" > <span class="title">European Space Agency</span> <h3 class="title">Surviving Atmospheric Re-Entry</h3> <img decoding="async" class="triangle" src="https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/themes/chop-child/images/triangle2-navy.svg" alt=""> </a> </div> <div class="item darkblue" style="background: url(https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/3d-illustration-of-satellite-orbiting-the-earth-P2X8FTJ.jpg)"> <a href="https://www.thinktankmaths.com/case-studies/spacecraft-thermal-testing/" > <span class="title">European Space Agency</span> <h3 class="title">Spacecraft Thermal Testing</h3> <img decoding="async" class="triangle" src="https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/themes/chop-child/images/triangle2-navy.svg" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="buttonGroup white"> <div class="buttons topPaddingReduced bottomPaddingReduced"> <button class="button lightblue"><a href="/case-studies">+ <span class="text">Go Back</span></a></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main></div> <div class="footerWrap"> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="container first"> <div class="container"> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="container second"> <div> <img class="footer-logo" src="https://www.thinktankmaths.com/wp-content/themes/chop-child/images/footer-logo.jpg" alt="Think Tank Maths" > </div> <div class="second-row"> <a class="linkedIn" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/thinktank-maths-ltd./"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg> </a> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Cookies Privacy Policy</a> <a href="/recruitment-privacy-policy">Recruitment Privacy Policy</a> <a href="mailto:general@ThinkTankMaths.com" class="email">general@ThinkTankMaths.com</a> </div> <div> <p class="address">ThinkTank Maths Limited<br> Hopetoun Gate 8b McDonald Road<br> Edinburgh EH7 4LZ<br> <a href="tel:+44 0131 467 5244">+44 (0) 131 467 5244</a><br> VAT NO. 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