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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mabadiliko ya karibuni</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UkurasawaBahati" title="Onyesha ukurasa wa bahati [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ukurasa wa bahati</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Mahali pa kueleweshwa."><span>Msaada</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sw.svg" width="117" height="10" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:Tafuta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tafuta</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tafuta Wikipedia" aria-label="Tafuta Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maalum:Tafuta"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tafuta</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Zana binafsi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Badilisha mandhari ya ukubwa, upana, na rangi ya fonti ya ukurasa" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mandhari" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mandhari</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw" class=""><span>Michango</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Kifupi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Kifupi" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ingia</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Chaguo zaidi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana binafsi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana binafsi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw"><span>Michango</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Kifupi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Unda akaunti</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Kifupi" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vifupisho_katika_kamusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vifupisho_katika_kamusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vifupisho katika kamusi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vifupisho_katika_kamusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vifupi_vya_kisiasa_na_vya_kiserikali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vifupi_vya_kisiasa_na_vya_kiserikali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vifupi vya kisiasa na vya kiserikali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vifupi_vya_kisiasa_na_vya_kiserikali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kifupi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 93 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 93</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kiabkhazi" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Kiabkhazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afkorting" title="Afkorting – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afkorting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviadura" title="Abreviadura – Kiaragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abreviadura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Kiaragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9)" title="اختصار (لغة) – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اختصار (لغة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviatura" title="Abreviatura – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abreviatura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviatur" title="Abreviatur – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abreviatur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kibashkiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Kibashkiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_anceng" title="Aksara anceng – Kibali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Aksara anceng" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Kibali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абрэвіятура – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абрэвіятура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абрэвіятура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абрэвіятура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абревиатура – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абревиатура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A3" title="সংক্ষেপণ – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংক্ষেপণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviaci%C3%B3" title="Abreviació – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abreviació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E5%AF%AB" title="短寫 – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="短寫" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kichechenia" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Kichechenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zkratka" title="Zkratka – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zkratka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kichuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Kichuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrfodd" title="Byrfodd – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Byrfodd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkortelse" title="Forkortelse – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forkortelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abk%C3%BCrzung" title="Abkürzung – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abkürzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1lmkerd%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Kılmkerdış – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kılmkerdış" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Συντομογραφία – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συντομογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abbreviation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallongigo" title="Mallongigo – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mallongigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviatura" title="Abreviatura – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abreviatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChend" title="Lühend – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lühend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laburdura" title="Laburdura – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laburdura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="کوته‌نوشت – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوته‌نوشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyhenne" title="Lyhenne – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lyhenne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abr%C3%A9viation" title="Abréviation – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abréviation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofkoarting" title="Ofkoarting – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ofkoarting" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorr%C3%BAch%C3%A1n_(teanga)" title="Giorrúchán (teanga) – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Giorrúchán (teanga)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorrachadh" title="Giorrachadh – Kigaeli cha Uskoti" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Giorrachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Kigaeli cha Uskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviatura" title="Abreviatura – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abreviatura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A6" title="સંક્ષિપ્ત શબ્દ – Kigujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સંક્ષિપ્ત શબ્દ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Kigujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suk-si%C3%A1" title="Suk-siá – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Suk-siá" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0" title="सूचकाक्षर – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूचकाक्षर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratica" title="Kratica – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kratica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviyasyon" title="Abreviyasyon – Kihaiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Abreviyasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kihaiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6vid%C3%ADt%C3%A9s" title="Rövidítés – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rövidítés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հապավում – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հապավում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singkatan" title="Singkatan – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Singkatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviuro" title="Abreviuro – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abreviuro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skammst%C3%B6fun" title="Skammstöfun – Kiisilandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skammstöfun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Kiisilandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviazione" title="Abbreviazione – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abbreviazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="略語 – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="略語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90)" title="აბრევიატურა (ენათმეცნიერება) – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბრევიატურა (ენათმეცნიერება)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asegzel_(tutlayt)" title="Asegzel (tutlayt) – Kikabylia" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asegzel (tutlayt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kikabylia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kikazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kikazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A3" title="ಸಂಕ್ಷೇಪಣ – Kikannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಕ್ಷೇಪಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kikannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EB%A7%90" title="준말 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="준말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affk%C3%B6%C3%B6zung_(Schriive)" title="Affköözung (Schriive) – Kicologne" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Affköözung (Schriive)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kicologne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviatio" title="Abbreviatio – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abbreviatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofkierzung" title="Ofkierzung – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ofkierzung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviat%C5%ABra" title="Abreviatūra – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abreviatūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Скратеница – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скратеница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ചുരുക്കെഴുത്ത് – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചുരുക്കെഴുത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Товчлол – Kimongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Товчлол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Kimongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singkatan_kata" title="Singkatan kata – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Singkatan kata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Киртянь валт – Kierzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киртянь валт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Kierzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afk%C3%B6rten" title="Afkörten – Kisaksoni" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Afkörten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Kisaksoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afkorting" title="Afkorting – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afkorting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkorting" title="Forkorting – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forkorting" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkortelse" title="Forkortelse – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forkortelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C3%B3t" title="Skrót – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skrót" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%81" title="مخفف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مخفف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviatura" title="Abreviatura – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abreviatura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abreviere" title="Abreviere – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abreviere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagambo_ahinnye" title="Amagambo ahinnye – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amagambo ahinnye" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%81" title="مخفف – Kisindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مخفف" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Kisindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratica" title="Kratica – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kratica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abbreviation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratica" title="Kratica – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kratica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkurtesa" title="Shkurtesa – Kialbania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkurtesa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Kialbania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Скраћеница – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скраћеница" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rkortning" title="Förkortning – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förkortning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அஃகுப்பெயர் – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அஃகுப்பெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82" title="Кӯтаҳнавишт – Kitajiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кӯтаҳнавишт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Kitajiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbrewiatura" title="Abbrewiatura – Kiturukimeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abbrewiatura" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Kiturukimeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1saltma" title="Kısaltma – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kısaltma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аббревиатура – Kitatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аббревиатура" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Kitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абревіатура – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абревіатура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%81" title="مخفف – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مخفف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviatura" title="Abbreviatura – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abbreviatura" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BA%AFt" title="Viết tắt – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viết tắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99" title="缩写 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="缩写" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="קורץ ווארט – Kiyiddi" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קורץ ווארט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Kiyiddi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80k%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%A0" title="Àkọ̀mọ̀nà – Kiyoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àkọ̀mọ̀nà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Kiyoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB" title="縮寫 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="縮寫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sok-si%C3%A1-s%C3%BB" title="Sok-siá-sû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sok-siá-sû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E7%AD%86" title="減筆 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="減筆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102786#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kifupi"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Kifupi" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Kifupi" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&oldid=1364837" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Kifupi&id=1364837&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKifupi"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKifupi"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kifupi"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kifupi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abbreviation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102786" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kifupisho</b> au <b>Kifupi</b> ni njia ya kutaja au kuandika <a href="/wiki/Neno" title="Neno">neno</a> kwa namna fupi kuliko kawaida. </p><p>Watu hutumia kifupi mara nyingi wakiandika neno au kundi la maneno fulani mara nyingi. Hasa pale ambapo nafasi ya kuandika ni ndogo vifupisho vya aina hii ni vya kawaida kama vile kwenye <a href="/wiki/SMS" class="mw-redirect" title="SMS">SMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamusi" title="Kamusi">kamusi</a> au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orodha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orodha (bado haujaandikwa)">orodha</a> za vitu. </p><p>Vifupisho vimekuwa pia kawaida kutaja vitengo vya <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikali</a> kama "<a href="/w/index.php?title=JKT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JKT (bado haujaandikwa)">JKT</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Jeshi" title="Jeshi">jeshi</a> la kujenga <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">taifa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kampuni" title="Kampuni">kampuni</a> kama "SMP" (Southern Paper Mills) au <a href="/wiki/Chama_cha_kisiasa" title="Chama cha kisiasa">vyama vya kisiasa</a> kama "CCM" (<a href="/wiki/Chama_cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama cha Mapinduzi">Chama cha Mapinduzi</a>). </p><p>Vifupisho vya pekee huitwa pia akronimi: ni maneno ambayo yameunganishwa kwa <a href="/wiki/Herufi" title="Herufi">herufi</a> za kwanza za maneno mengine. Mifano yake ni <a href="/wiki/UKIMWI" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIMWI">UKIMWI</a> (=<b>U</b>haba wa <b>KI</b>nga <b>MWI</b>lini) au <a href="/wiki/Laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser">Laser</a> (= Laser - <b>L</b>ight <b>A</b>mplification through <b>S</b>timulated <b>E</b>lectron <b>R</b>adiation). </p><p>Vifupisho vinatumiwa mara nyingi kwa kubadilisha maana asilia kwa kusudi la kutania au kufanya jambo linalojadiliwa kuonekana kama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kichekesho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kichekesho (bado haujaandikwa)">kichekesho</a>. </p><p>Mifano yake ni <a href="/wiki/Tafsiri" title="Tafsiri">tafsiri</a> ya FFU (kikosi cha <a href="/wiki/Polisi" title="Polisi">polisi</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> cha kukandamiza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghasia (bado haujaandikwa)">ghasia</a>) kama "Fanya Fujo Uone" au ya CCM (chama tawala cha miaka mingi nchini Tanzania) kama "Chukua Chako Mapema". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vifupisho_katika_kamusi">Vifupisho katika kamusi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Vifupisho katika kamusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Vifupisho katika kamusi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kamusi ya <a href="/wiki/KKS" class="mw-redirect" title="KKS">KKS</a> inatumia vifupi vifuatavyo: </p> <ul><li>agh. - aghlabu</li> <li>ele - elekezi</li> <li>fiz - fizikia</li> <li>kb - kibaharia</li> <li>kd - kidini</li> <li>kem - kemia</li> <li>kh - kihusishi</li> <li>ki - kiingizi</li> <li>kl - kielezi</li> <li>k.m. - kwa mfano</li> <li>kt - kitenzi</li> <li>ku - kiunganishi</li> <li>k.v. - kama vile</li> <li>ksh - kishairi</li> <li>kv - kivumishi</li> <li>kw - kiwakilishi</li> <li>kz - kizamani</li> <li>ms - msemo</li> <li>mt - methali</li> <li>nh - nahau</li> <li>n.k. - na kadhalika</li> <li>nm - nomino</li> <li>sie - sielekezi</li> <li>taz. - tazama</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vifupi_vya_kisiasa_na_vya_kiserikali">Vifupi vya kisiasa na vya kiserikali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Vifupi vya kisiasa na vya kiserikali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vifupi vya kisiasa na vya kiserikali"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>CCM - <a href="/wiki/Chama_cha_Mapinduzi" title="Chama cha Mapinduzi">Chama cha Mapinduzi</a></li> <li>KANU - <a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">Kenya African National Unioon</a></li> <li>FFU - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_Force_Unit_(Tanzania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Field Force Unit (Tanzania) (bado haujaandikwa)">Field Force Unit (Tanzania)</a></li> <li>GSU - <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Service_Unit_(Kenya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Service Unit (Kenya) (bado haujaandikwa)">General Service Unit (Kenya)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acronymfinder.com">Acronym Finder</a> - largest acronym site with many ways to search for acronyms and abbreviations in many languages. Over 10 year history.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all-acronyms.com">All Acronyms</a> - a website with a large number of abbreviations and acronyms</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&oldid=1364837">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kifupi&oldid=1364837</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Kifupi" title="Jamii:Kifupi">Kifupi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 18 Novemba 2024, saa 10:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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