CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913500fc18a25fe6',cH: 'Y8tOSPNJOR7QdNiNJCMlX2Pg9skM3KhSJL2ojb5HhrA-1739787196-1.2.1.1-4IW2eWF_6dB2_otECgDzNI1a2fhawiurgxBH9VuyhG0ykFPxMfpC4DdfspYiIUvE',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=chitosan&__cf_chl_tk=QFoPXAtb1HxoaNayUmuv.8aNX65imNHqpdyCtkBBIw8-1739787196-1.0.1.1-UyisCZUAhB.ao1QgTyekGGR0YZVNXhZY_.k9Q.9XUVE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787196',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=chitosan&__cf_chl_f_tk=QFoPXAtb1HxoaNayUmuv.8aNX65imNHqpdyCtkBBIw8-1739787196-1.0.1.1-UyisCZUAhB.ao1QgTyekGGR0YZVNXhZY_.k9Q.9XUVE",md: "y5E4AB8aG0F8v972cPpHhMN2DLD3Y66F_Xc4EvfxMKA-1739787196-1.2.1.1-Wxh.LzOuyW5XOEULFK8GH5a1CD1.kraFOh8ciY5giS.IIBpkd2FUiHOta2eHIouR4cm8ECa7ocEEp8KccGbs6tYLCUe7TF9tDDsH6l_pbWYhEHG6cMlvVpOp7eicODmuKQqmw2ZWYXNug23dg26102y8cLavStyz6wtYCl7JQviLodCq1ttSqUWUEOgvJQV56qCj5FPnzhgY_YjpdF7KcH3gLxdC3NAieh_hwab3VaiMlRcyyG.VgiNf90q._Kp2mawYzFozUQ5m51gKfKicLZUM1gZ9mmqtcAVoNbMLcEJlVN9n0OjKBzPYJbIXeN6Qt2UD4L8Ekwg8QP131vfh1nCcCfYmGWPpjcqjkpSA5LhWOWnOaOXmX8nbFLVoAVjuHP.kN92pYYkAUhJkT6uEjixX9qYet_Z58b_sBk9pxO3HcdNpdYPR3H3RuNCHp3nazcKPsPPcLvEDPp7VOq6_uq.iJM9mK2PEALqlN3xuVxGUhJCgRHNYulFGSbAL1B3OsircjOlt5C76zs3pzYX_br8wlH6OHZzLV2rr6Ozv1WpPHuHTmnYLmJCooXIVZy.sDEKcT3t.WbuMFkZSVeXAbK2dPHMUKZePBQYjp.HqLIfIvDb3L9D7q65vEG9g1zWAfKlmAD5amKTcMoR7FIr06Aj_NXrysV_gtGLSdHFMo4sTyZ6ozdUvBsy2BA9wxZLNz1PO4dG5AZ5FvFzwO6CUaMn0n0Q8vzozx8atxwASMKuOBWmZRwpmUYy5P6CbyP1fdEuJFeB57W5gXSbkZy0sN2CvBnLHtZ8V59TnG1dLZ48Gbl6lA1DHd96s106qfEPZUJDjZkEsL.UNQ4gf1k5GevAW0ZvBYwi8jvfzpU1M78OkG0GY9DAaoTHi3AZbA8DJ64j3yhpP2TBjYkCsjD_AHScGDIOxWIefT1gyZ223kwPO.4mQws5gWHVc8qrOLBR5j5gE6ULMkeMLRwFsX6TyniBBwD24sre33YPC4xKhQYkE.5bDOKq7lYCiMAsPsCzuZjj37smcnQd67hh5Eo8TuefxHSNuKtkj.YeCg.2tl_KavF9frC7FR_CRWg6Lcz45O8brMe8dha7r7gHVbUTQLZwSFy504PXFdqi2icy.pHHqgAOGNhwdznj8dwnMza6qp_u.DakF2JnT_DRla2kama6MV8jU9kkAp08GSdSFCcJ5TmsxpnkfCfnqzfyYvHSyM85aaJUipl661s8GdevIl6FPp1ylPp9p8jC6_P9_BhvJr6EJ6kFwM1PqajU4k7KllfHGnMxhIkhfV9RGdTYfhb7UiSqV1XOHq1eUi_sJKh_vFnl1I9F8zMzEDoEg9qnCU5ABFFDVe8YwARl345FdUGDURWFHvGnRTg8VfSnkWkG0H6S_d9bAFO0CRtkU87tug1DStJt.ud5BuwThv6UpCtVAQ.ekQiRDQdGZ0L38ipodvDLm5m8V8Nn1K4znpQablatKFV9YFCkv5sWMFnqdIlPbXLNEBmU7Yl9eu2_r8WHBJ8p5Yjt9GSWEnSaoyyHLJ3dws8ci0GA.gtThFRI0XF60O5Jq5cDlIZiqZ15XE8..AFmdaxzJXixp2oZkDHsR825A.D2ipt_mO1qgQhq2RJ6Z_BzWAepvTai5eeX2LHqBw1_b1Q7ZSShhx_HfTPyvECQAw16AWRR4BKOzNvCViIIiTZZuSGkngsQqvoABWWL1v.VJSI.zOH4_HCsqQFjLD8qEJPI6rdGb0o_tWPtVxAnSTHh2Bh7dhzPgf1hBB7aZZNoPdfZFhb2ECpdUr3iyIF_ZStNaNyrEw.d4DKIf3bUxdsvCJAhgGjxXpSe0omD0fkUlpDC0YwvC9PiIONWK14fngeo3KX.kZhUd3A_6_R6ZkxurngARFAkvwfuyTLFbfoTsOoqE8et7aAT3miUH",mdrd: "VdIb6cCJWaLMWyAp61DyvB2D28.rLd8J8dPmjvmOo0g-1739787196-1.2.1.1-7sRY8mMs5imj_9oA8BVyY3grXMJBdAUDjRdFas9Vh1luwR5zJ.AbEwbOboxBT.ULy7Ob6jR_6XuqVf8qC2LXj8aJ4lPwIVEsytjx2lz8xp0uD0UGUPh_etmi4L5epEyfFNGAW1gViKIVy5tlGyikB5AzqkgVFMlWgcFmrNnHV_yCXMX1XT23OTNsKJyYG8aY62voUtwz.Sx7PZHm7dxWu63ZZrdzAbsCMLJzFuaCdOq81go7ZswMljAMUOaZ82gPcSC4MR1HpIT0kFuoiZIJXH_1pamt517Op6R2LX7UeTvLzpUBQYX19pMdDMtc_pZala6.e3cOvXOdintF2BgUZIDa4V2PGRQeYSL0JFd07aoDdkRBsdwfC9V6PYEs5Y9mDba2Ql9vyCt54rl0D_ImHlkAG4V3.aqdDkf.cuMvn511ZcC8ryrd8cyHj1BS0V8vpcQLe8k2S12I75px0TIth2.6GpMz6Y2XpAMoae_nvPdmSO9OAGviE8quVJ8egNB.lbGaFEljVdAOHUyY2VbH25OxDF_yi4Ie9WgWTEqtvSC.1H4.bwwukfss1qVlwTucvpl5JFBpcjzz8qtfg7sLr24T9QOewACS5Kyiuvy60Q2CPU3yL59nL_WhGnuXsf9lF1xP5NTKlQxkkPUD28PamgvJdJM6my6r5eXyjvmy5DsjBD_rpANdvAWpfbnyG1mARFCY7Mp08G233a5aWPApgerR0tkGAmJEGuGEbdG14MdIFNqIjzybTYYGE27R_rR4pV4dAr4bTiloiID.FfeGN_76iDKf7ihuMwgF_5KGN_UuZyfDxRLrZ1pxkbdB0nOt.M037USkxzU5oXEXG1PdZXRnPNQ9lgXhSnmll9KUCJp07ym_1VraivZbP6LnvzBrqY7hZLnWHOzZJtlDsjEXx_szuB7lGlzcuxS1W4hDbv0SbviiJOgoixlS3.44f5eGsK6RNet8.oHJ7.Mkt.ZmfzIhCjrUHiXyUhkoHTM6uKRT8B9PQbfxdAi6jdUz5GTIcwabL8CnDzyxv9S5r6XD1xobaVvmb2Gk3HorDnlqFMODm.7g7zcrF9qBBQE3NSykv8KodViOgxsbbGY3CPglvnRH7FsvUUYq7xW9F_NXdWul8rzqzRxQcHZP9VzhuXKqdevEw7JOyk.qa3.rRECouiEIQSZ3HwOlH0PXFjMWWCZtqVLicxuyEOhdagHzOuzwiRktT2w3sv4rCGn4VER15tLAvqj61vCS6aZHYjSmzt5WJz2SN._l4FI7cU5a7Oqhn3rK6CqK3XzGJHnin1ys_YM3xi.I90dQ35R.suW9Oy0RBqR8HEgY.JS4xfS5JhsmdHx1ce8rrkY1lidF.CDOGHMSlFfI1kKu2frYkrafWbDxfnvqeylCsdzZnzxTd_2KXn6U5CCiomeBszQwdxUthsw.XMWZwU3ddXnuc0iJddNEym5T64wTpZ885Dno9u5GqJ0.kVzESJll7JabgNNqp.EZmIVms0HthBJFcsMNce6FC.JMV4qpFQN9VUhy9aXgCIVvYRfvJsUJHtgPbVKXGNitUoP64S69taQA0zo.G2RsnXnNyKe0tvtU.5tF3j0CuO91qGHMW5pVsY5Hrw40_frCFKZED8D3AP6PTJm3mJcgWWEto5q5wb4l.8J.dA_xuThbpF4CdjpON8nhHaFDt1WVdnDj4oCcH.MsIKgWU97wdnvnUHgPu_358iFsaEPeKJgOXTcLE_uWmR_BYbDVxQ.olvTISfin5XLDY2PyOroCdAqzAH7QjspDe1uxvkZNe2JszI3bk50bYXkWsZmHlWI4.d7kfbkybvJrSbYjBrQaJlprmG57ZMKfU.BjXrhFlNY4taoyXGSSjz1IlbDdZXgBi_AqfOfv.rmelVfZK0Hpgx4X7qYcjswm8q6rYdQ8dk8Y8COZQIYMmOAFpf5V6Mj__PiiDkce.xd1i5quRoWpdUx9WqLhhaJGInebgzUz"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913500fc18a25fe6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=chitosan&__cf_chl_rt_tk=QFoPXAtb1HxoaNayUmuv.8aNX65imNHqpdyCtkBBIw8-1739787196-1.0.1.1-UyisCZUAhB.ao1QgTyekGGR0YZVNXhZY_.k9Q.9XUVE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>