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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Abstraksi+%28ilmu+komputer%29" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Abstraksi+%28ilmu+komputer%29" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Abstraksi+%28ilmu+komputer%29" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Alasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Alasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingkat_abstraksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingkat_abstraksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tingkat abstraksi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tingkat_abstraksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Tingkat abstraksi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tingkat_abstraksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistem_basis_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_basis_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sistem basis data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_basis_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abstraksi (ilmu komputer)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 32 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraksie_(rekenaarwetenskap)" title="Abstraksie (rekenaarwetenskap) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abstraksie (rekenaarwetenskap)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="تجريد (حاسوب) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجريد (حاسوب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Абстракция (компютърни науки) – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абстракция (компютърни науки)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="বিমূর্তন (কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান) – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিমূর্তন (কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apstrakcija_(ra%C4%8Dunarstvo)" title="Apstrakcija (računarstvo) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apstrakcija (računarstvo)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstracci%C3%B3_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Abstracció (informàtica) – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abstracció (informàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86_(%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1)" title="مەعنەویکردن (زانستی کۆمپیوتەر) – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەعنەویکردن (زانستی کۆمپیوتەر)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraktion_(datalogi)" title="Abstraktion (datalogi) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abstraktion (datalogi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraktion_(Informatik)" title="Abstraktion (Informatik) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abstraktion (Informatik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)" title="Abstraction (computer science) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abstraction (computer science)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstracci%C3%B3n_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Abstracción (informática) – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abstracción (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B9_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="انتزاع (رایانه) – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتزاع (رایانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraktio_(tietojenk%C3%A4sittelytiede)" title="Abstraktio (tietojenkäsittelytiede) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abstraktio (tietojenkäsittelytiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(informatique)" title="Abstraction (informatique) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abstraction (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91)" title="אבסטרקציה (מדעי המחשב) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבסטרקציה (מדעי המחשב)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absztrakci%C3%B3_(sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1stechnika)" title="Absztrakció (számítástechnika) – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Absztrakció (számítástechnika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraktajo_(informatiko)" title="Abstraktajo (informatiko) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abstraktajo (informatiko)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrazione_(informatica)" title="Astrazione (informatica) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astrazione (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96_(%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)" title="抽象化 (計算機科学) – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="抽象化 (計算機科学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EC%83%81%ED%99%94_(%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99)" title="추상화 (컴퓨터 과학) – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="추상화 (컴퓨터 과학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peniskalaan_(sains_komputer)" title="Peniskalaan (sains komputer) – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peniskalaan (sains komputer)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstrakcja_(programowanie)" title="Abstrakcja (programowanie) – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abstrakcja (programowanie)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(ci%C3%AAncia_da_computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Abstração (ciência da computação) – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abstração (ciência da computação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Абстракция (информатика) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абстракция (информатика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuterska_apstrakcija" title="Kompjuterska apstrakcija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kompjuterska apstrakcija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5)" title="Апстракција (објектно-оријентисано програмирање) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Апстракција (објектно-оријентисано програмирање)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyutlama_(bilgisayar_bilimi)" title="Soyutlama (bilgisayar bilimi) – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Soyutlama (bilgisayar bilimi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Абстрагування (програмування) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абстрагування (програмування)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="تجرید (کمپیوٹر سائنس) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تجرید (کمپیوٹر سائنس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%ABu_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_(c%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_ph%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%81m)" title="Trừu tượng (công nghệ phần mềm) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trừu tượng (công nghệ phần mềm)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96_(%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="抽象化 (計算機科學) – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="抽象化 (計算機科學)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="抽象化 (電腦科學) – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="抽象化 (電腦科學)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q224055#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer">ilmu komputer</a>, <b>abstraksi</b> adalah proses representasi <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Program">program</a> dalam bentuk sama dengan pengertiannya (<a href="/wiki/Semantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantik">semantik</a>), dengan menyembunyikan rincian / detail <a href="/w/index.php?title=Implementasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Implementasi (halaman belum tersedia)">implementasi</a>. Abstraksi mencoba menyembunyikan detail agar <a href="/wiki/Programmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmer">programmer</a> dapat berfokus pada konsep tertentu saja pada satu waktu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alasan">Alasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Alasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perhitungan komputer berbeda dengan dunia nyata. Perangkat lunak memiliki <a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_perangkat_lunak" title="Arsitektur perangkat lunak">arsitektur</a> yang memungkinkan orang membuat sistem skala besar dengan fokus pada beberapa hal pada waktu tertentu. Arsitektur ini dibuat dengan abstraksi tertentu. </p><p>Bentuk utama dari abstraksi adalah abstraksi bahasa: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_buatan" title="Bahasa buatan">bahasa buatan</a> dikembangkan untuk menyatakan aspek tertentu dari sistem. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_komputer" title="Bahasa komputer">Bahasa komputer</a> dapat diolah oleh komputer. Contoh proses abstraksi adalah pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman" title="Bahasa pemrograman">bahasa pemrograman</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mesin" title="Bahasa mesin">bahasa mesin</a>, ke <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_rakitan" title="Bahasa rakitan">bahasa rakitan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman_tingkat_tinggi" title="Bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi">bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi</a>. Tiap tingkatan digunakan sebagai batu loncatan ke tingkatan lain. Abstraksi bahasa juga terdapat dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_skrip" title="Bahasa skrip">bahasa skrip</a>. </p><p>Dalam bahas pemrograman, beberapa fitur memeungkinkan pemrogram untuk membuat abstraksi baru. Hal ini termasuk <a href="/wiki/Subrutin" title="Subrutin">subrutin</a>, modul, polymorphism, dan komponen. beberapa abstraksi lain seperti <a href="/wiki/Pola_desain" title="Pola desain">pola desain</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_perangkat_lunak" title="Arsitektur perangkat lunak">arsitektur</a> tidak dibaca oleh translator dan hanya bekerja pada sistem. </p><p>Beberapa abstraksi mencoba untuk mengurangi konsep yang harus dipahami oleh pemrogram, dengan menyembunyikan abstraksi yang digunakan. Penulis dan perancang perangkat lunak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joel_Spolsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joel Spolsky (halaman belum tersedia)">Joel Spolsky</a> mengkritik usaha ini dengan mengatakan bahwa semua abstraksi tidak dapat sepenuhnya disembunyikan. Meski demikian, hal ini tidak mengurangi keuntungan dari abstraksi. </p><p>Beberapa abstraksi dirancang untuk bekerja bersama dengan abstraksi lain, misalnya sebuah bahasa pemrograman mungkin mengandung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_function_interface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign function interface (halaman belum tersedia)">foreign function interface</a> untuk menggunakan bahasa pemrograman yang lebih rendah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingkat_abstraksi">Tingkat abstraksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Tingkat abstraksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tingkat abstraksi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapisan_abstraksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapisan abstraksi (halaman belum tersedia)">Lapisan abstraksi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistem_basis_data">Sistem basis data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sistem basis data" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistem basis data"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sistem_manajemen_basis_data" title="Sistem manajemen basis data">Sistem manajemen basis data</a></div> <p><b>Abstraksi data</b> merupakan tingkatan/level bagaimana melihat data dalam sebuah sistem basis data. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Data_abstraction_levels.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Data_abstraction_levels.png/220px-Data_abstraction_levels.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Data_abstraction_levels.png/330px-Data_abstraction_levels.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Data_abstraction_levels.png/440px-Data_abstraction_levels.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Tingkat abstraksi data</figcaption></figure> <p>Tiga level abstraksi data: </p> <ol><li>Level Fisik (Physical Level). Pemakai melihat data sebagai gabungan dari struktur dan datanya sendiri dan berkompeten dalam mengetahui bagaimana representasi fisik dari penyimpanan/pengorganisasian data (teks, angka, himpunan bit data, dll).</li> <li>Level Lojik/Konseptual (Conseptual Level). Menggambarkan data apa yang sebenarnya (secara fungsional) disimpan dalam basis data dan hubungannya dengan data yang lain.</li> <li>Level Penampakan (View Level). Untuk pemakai yang hanya membutuhkan sebagian data/informasi dalam basis data yang kemunculannya di mata pemakai diatur oleh <a href="/wiki/Aplikasi" title="Aplikasi">aplikasi</a> end-user.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraksi_(ilmu_komputer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goenawanb.com/it/abstraksi-data/">Bahasa Basis Data » Abstraksi Data</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515003916/http://goenawanb.com/it/abstraksi-data/">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-05-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gnome-computer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gnome-computer.svg/23px-Gnome-computer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gnome-computer.svg/35px-Gnome-computer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gnome-computer.svg/46px-Gnome-computer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik komputer ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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