CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head>   <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation | American Political Science Review | Cambridge Core</title> <script src="/core/vanilla/public/js/sentry.min.js"></script> <script> let isTerminated = false; window.addEventListener('pagehide', (event) => { isTerminated = !event.persisted; }, { capture: true }); const EXTRA_KEY = "ROUTE_TO"; Sentry.init({ dsn: "https://074fed417c764caaafebad958d2c0c95@o1239501.ingest.sentry.io/6395238", release: "www.cambridge.org" + "@" + "unreadable", environment: "prod", ignoreErrors: [], integrations: [Sentry.moduleMetadataIntegration()], transport: Sentry.makeMultiplexedTransport( Sentry.makeFetchTransport, (args) => { const event = args.getEvent(); if ( event && event.extra && EXTRA_KEY in event.extra && Array.isArray(event.extra[EXTRA_KEY]) ) { return event.extra[EXTRA_KEY]; } return []; }, ), beforeSend: (event) => { if (isTerminated || (window.location.protocol !== 'http:' && window.location.protocol !== 'https:')) { return null; } if (event?.exception?.values?.[0].stacktrace?.frames) { const { frames } = event.exception.values[0].stacktrace; const routeTo = frames .filter((frame) => frame.module_metadata && frame.module_metadata.dsn) .map((v) => v.module_metadata) .slice(-1); if (routeTo.length) { event.extra = { ...event.extra, [EXTRA_KEY]: routeTo, }; } } return event; }, }); </script>   <meta property="og:site_name" content="Cambridge Core"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016"/> <meta property="og:title" content="The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation | American Political Science Review | Cambridge Core"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation - Volume 114 Issue 2"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static.cambridge.org/covers/PSR_0_0_0/american_political science review.jpg?send-full-size-image=true"/> <meta name="description" content="The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation - Volume 114 Issue 2"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016"> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1017/S0003055419000844"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Political Science Review"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cambridge University Press"> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation"> <meta name="citation_author" content="JESSICA TROUNSTINE"> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0003-4364-2719"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2020/05"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2020/02/03"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="114"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="443"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="455"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0003-0554"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1537-5943"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016/S0003055419000844a.pdf/div-class-title-the-geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation-div.pdf"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Wrong Side (s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality; citation_author=Ananat, Elizabeth Oltmans; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_journal_title=American Economic Journal: Applied Economics; citation_volume=3; citation_firstpage=34; citation_lastpage=66"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Market for Local Public Goods; citation_author=Banzhaf, H. Spencer; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_journal_title=Case Western Reserve Law Review; citation_volume=64; citation_firstpage=1441"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping; citation_author=Banzhaf, H.Spencer; citation_author=Walsh, Randall P.; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_journal_title=Journal of Urban Economics; citation_volume=74; citation_firstpage=83; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jue.2012.09.006"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning; citation_author=Banzhaf, H. Spencer; citation_author=Mangum, Kyle; citation_publication_date=2019"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism; citation_author=Banzhaf, Spencer; citation_author=Walsh, Randall P.; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_journal_title=The American Economic Review; citation_volume=98; citation_firstpage=843; citation_doi=10.1257/aer.98.3.843"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings; citation_author=Bates, Laurie; citation_author=Santerre, Rexford; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_journal_title=Journal of Regional Science; citation_volume=34; citation_firstpage=253; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods; citation_author=Bayer, Patrick; citation_author=Ferreira, Fernando; citation_author=McMillan, Robert; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_journal_title=Journal of Political Economy; citation_volume=115; citation_firstpage=588; citation_doi=10.1086/522381"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata; citation_author=Bayer, Patrick; citation_author=McMillan, Robert; citation_author=Rueben, Kim S.; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_journal_title=Journal of Urban Economics; citation_volume=56; citation_firstpage=514; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jue.2004.06.002"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=City NIMBYS; citation_author=Been, Vicki; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_journal_title=Journal of Land Use; citation_volume=33; citation_firstpage=217"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Residential Segregation by Income, 1970–2009; citation_author=Bischoff, Kendra; citation_author=Reardon, Sean F.; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_inbook=Russell Sage Foundation; citation_firstpage=1"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning; citation_author=Bogart, William; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_journal_title=Urban Studies; citation_volume=30; citation_firstpage=1669; citation_doi=10.1080/00420989320081651"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration; citation_author=Boustan, Leah P.; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_journal_title=Quarterly Journal of Economics; citation_volume=125; citation_firstpage=417; citation_doi=10.1162/qjec.2010.125.1.417"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Racial Residential Segregation in American Cities; citation_author=Boustan, Leah Platt; citation_author=Brooks, Nancy; citation_author=Donaghy, Kieran; citation_author=Knaap, Gerrit; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_inbook=The Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology; citation_author=Box-Steffensmeier, Janet; citation_author=Brady, Henry; citation_author=Collier, David; citation_publication_date=2010"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections; citation_author=Bradford, David F.; citation_author=Malt, R. A.; citation_author=Oates, Wallace E.; citation_publication_date=1969; citation_journal_title=National Tax Journal; citation_volume=22; citation_firstpage=185; citation_doi=10.1086/NTJ41792204"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory; citation_author=Briffault, Richard.; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_journal_title=Columbia Law Review; citation_volume=90; citation_firstpage=346; citation_doi=10.2307/1122776"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment; citation_author=Burch, Traci; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_journal_title=Law and Policy; citation_volume=36; citation_firstpage=223; citation_doi=10.1111/lapo.12022"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition; citation_author=Calabrese, Stephen; citation_author=Epple, Dennis; citation_author=Romano, Richard; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_journal_title=The Review of Economic Studies; citation_volume=79; citation_firstpage=1081; citation_doi=10.1093/restud/rdr048"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation; citation_author=Card, David; citation_author=Mas, Alexandre; citation_author=Rothstein, Jesse; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_journal_title=Quarterly Journal of Economics; citation_volume=123; citation_firstpage=177; citation_doi=10.1162/qjec.2008.123.1.177"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects; citation_author=Chetty, Raj; citation_author=Hendren, Nathaniel; citation_publication_date=2018a; citation_journal_title=Quarterly Journal of Economics; citation_volume=133; citation_firstpage=1107; citation_doi=10.1093/qje/qjy007"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects; citation_author=Chetty, Raj; citation_author=Hendren, Nathaniel; citation_publication_date=2018b; citation_journal_title=Quarterly Journal of Economics; citation_volume=133; citation_firstpage=1163; citation_doi=10.1093/qje/qjy006"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation; citation_author=Charles, Camille Z.; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_journal_title=Annual Review of Sociology; citation_volume=29; citation_firstpage=167; citation_doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Won’T You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles; citation_author=Charles, Camille Zubrinsky; citation_publication_date=2006"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Most Segregated City in America: City Planning and Civil rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980; citation_author=Connerly, Charles E; citation_publication_date=2005"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida; citation_author=Connolly, N.D.B.; citation_publication_date=2014"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Are Ghettos Good or Bad?; citation_author=Cutler, David M.; citation_author=Glaeser, Edward L.; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_journal_title=The Quarterly Journal of Economics; citation_volume=112; citation_firstpage=827; citation_doi=10.1162/003355397555361"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto; citation_author=Cutler, David M.; citation_author=Glaeser, Edward L.; citation_author=Vigdor, Jacob L.; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_journal_title=Journal of Political Economy; citation_volume=107; citation_firstpage=455; citation_doi=10.1086/250069"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality; citation_author=Darity, William; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_journal_title=Journal of Economics and Finance; citation_volume=29; citation_firstpage=144; citation_doi=10.1007/BF02761550"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics; citation_author=Darity, William; citation_author=Hamilton, Darrick; citation_author=Stewart, James; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_journal_title=The Review of Black Political Economy; citation_volume=42; citation_firstpage=1; citation_doi=10.1007/s12114-014-9201-2"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980; citation_author=Denton, Nancy A.; citation_author=Massey, Douglas S.; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_journal_title=Demography; citation_volume=28; citation_firstpage=41; citation_doi=10.2307/2061335"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880; citation_author=Du Bois, W. E. B.; citation_publication_date=1935"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Divided Regions: Race, Political Segregation, and the Fragmentation of American Metropolitan Policy; citation_author=Einstein, Katherine; citation_publication_date=2012"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis; citation_author=Einstein, Katherine Levine; citation_author=Glick, David M.; citation_author=Palmer, Maxwell; citation_publication_date=2019"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration; citation_author=Ellen, Ingrid Gould; citation_publication_date=2000"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis; citation_author=Ellickson, Robert C.; citation_publication_date=1977"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Beyond the Double Veto: Land Use Plans as Preemptive Intergovernmental Compacts; citation_author=Elmendorf, Christopher; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_journal_title=Hastings Law Journal; citation_volume=71; citation_firstpage=79; citation_lastpage=150"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans; citation_author=Emerson, Michael O.; citation_author=Chai, Karen J.; citation_author=Yancey, George; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_journal_title=American Sociological Review; citation_volume=66; citation_firstpage=922; citation_doi=10.1177/000312240106600607"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Space Between Us; citation_author=Enos, Ryan; citation_publication_date=2017"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Race and Socioeconomic Segregation; citation_author=Erbe, Brigitte Mach; citation_publication_date=1975; citation_journal_title=American Sociological Review; citation_volume=40; citation_firstpage=801; citation_doi=10.2307/2094181"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects; citation_author=Fischel, William A.; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_journal_title=Urban Studies; citation_volume=41; citation_firstpage=317; citation_doi=10.1080/0042098032000165271"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Property Taxation and the Tiebout Model: Evidence for the Benefit View from Zoning and Voting; citation_author=Fischel, William A.; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_journal_title=Journal of Economic Literature; citation_volume=30; citation_firstpage=171"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000; citation_author=Fischer, Claude S.; citation_author=Stockmayer, Gretchen; citation_author=Stiles, Jon; citation_author=Hout, Michael; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_journal_title=Demography; citation_volume=41; citation_firstpage=37; citation_doi=10.1353/dem.2004.0002"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation; citation_author=Fischer, Mary J.; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_journal_title=Urban Affairs Review; citation_volume=43; citation_firstpage=475; citation_doi=10.1177/1078087407305499"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs; citation_author=Frasure-Yokley, Lorrie; citation_publication_date=2015"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions; citation_author=Gelman, Andrew; citation_author=Park, David K.; citation_author=Stephen, Ansolabehere; citation_author=Price, Phillip N.; citation_author=Minnite, Lorraine C.; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_journal_title=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A; citation_volume=164; citation_firstpage=101; citation_doi=10.1111/1467-985X.00190"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Regional Growth and Local Reaction: The Enactment and Effects of Local Growth Control and Management Measures in California; citation_author=Glickfield, Madelyn; citation_author=Levine, Ned; citation_publication_date=1992"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration; citation_author=Gotham, Kevin F.; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_journal_title=Sociological Perspectives; citation_volume=43; citation_firstpage=291; citation_doi=10.2307/1389798"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index; citation_author=Gyourko, Joseph; citation_author=Saiz, Albert; citation_author=Summers, Anita; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_journal_title=Urban Studies; citation_volume=45; citation_firstpage=693; citation_doi=10.1177/0042098007087341"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Regulation and Housing Supply; citation_author=Gyourko, Joseph; citation_author=Molloy, Raven; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_inbook=Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Does Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data; citation_author=Hall, Andrew; citation_author=Yoder, Jesse; citation_publication_date=2019"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments; citation_author=Hamilton, Bruce W.; citation_publication_date=1975; citation_journal_title=Urban Studies; citation_volume=12; citation_firstpage=205; citation_doi=10.1080/00420987520080301"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=When Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism; citation_author=Hankinson, Michael; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_journal_title=American Political Science Review; citation_volume=101; citation_firstpage=393"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=‘Property Values Drop when Blacks Move in, because…’ Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability; citation_author=Harris, David R.; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_journal_title=Source American Sociological Review; citation_volume=64; citation_firstpage=461"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Economic Implications of House Price Capitalization: A Survey of an Emerging Literature; citation_author=Hilber, Christian; citation_publication_date=2011"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas; citation_author=Hilber, Christian; citation_author=Robert-Nicoud, Frederic; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_journal_title=Journal of Urban Economics; citation_volume=75; citation_firstpage=29; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jue.2012.10.002"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940–1960; citation_author=Hirsch, Arnold; citation_publication_date=1983"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation; citation_author=Iceland, John; citation_author=Wilkes, Rima; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_journal_title=Social Problems; citation_volume=53; citation_firstpage=248; citation_doi=10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.248"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States; citation_author=Jackson, Kenneth T.; citation_publication_date=1987"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas; citation_author=Jargowsky, Paul A.; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_journal_title=American Sociological Review; citation_volume=61; citation_firstpage=984; citation_doi=10.2307/2096304"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data; citation_author=King, Gary; citation_publication_date=1997"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies; citation_author=King, Gary; citation_author=Rosen, Ori; citation_author=Tanner, Martin; citation_publication_date=2004"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=786 Municipalities in United States Now Protected by Zoning Ordinances; citation_author=Knauss, Norman; citation_publication_date=1929; citation_journal_title=The American City; citation_volume=40; citation_firstpage=167"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The New Suburban History; citation_author=Kruse, Kevin Michael; citation_author=Sugrue, Thomas; citation_publication_date=2006"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation; citation_author=Krysan, Maria; citation_author=Farley, Reynolds; citation_author=Couper, Mick P.; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_journal_title=Du Bois Review; citation_volume=5; citation_firstpage=5; citation_doi=10.1017/S1742058X08080028"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The State of Local Growth Management; citation_author=Linneman, Peter; citation_author=Summers, Anita; citation_author=Brooks, Nancy; citation_author=Buist, Henry; citation_publication_date=1990"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in Metropolitan America; citation_author=Logan, John; citation_publication_date=2011"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place; citation_author=Logan, John R.; citation_author=Molotch, Harvey L.; citation_publication_date=1987"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment; citation_author=Lutz, Byron; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_journal_title=American Economic Journal: Economic Policy; citation_volume=7; citation_firstpage=300"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Where Interests Trump Ideology: The Persistent Influence of Homeownership in Local Development Politics; citation_author=Marble, William; citation_author=Nall, Clayton; citation_publication_date=2018"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass; citation_author=Massey, Douglas S.; citation_author=Denton, Nancy A.; citation_publication_date=1993"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Dimensions of Residential Segregation; citation_author=Massey, Douglas S.; citation_author=Denton, Nancy A.; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_journal_title=Social Forces; citation_volume=67; citation_firstpage=281; citation_doi=10.2307/2579183"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=City Growth and Values; citation_author=McMichael, Stanley; citation_author=Bingham, Robert; citation_publication_date=1923"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation; citation_author=Mummolo, Jonathan; citation_author=Nall, Clayton; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_journal_title=The Journal of Politics; citation_volume=79; citation_firstpage=45; citation_doi=10.1086/687569"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America; citation_author=Nall, Clayton; citation_publication_date=2018"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model; citation_author=Oates, Wallace E.; citation_publication_date=1981; citation_journal_title=The American Economic Review; citation_volume=71; citation_firstpage=93"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups; citation_author=Olson, Mancur; citation_publication_date=1965"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion; citation_author=Pendall, Rolf; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_journal_title=Journal of the American Planning Association; citation_volume=66; citation_firstpage=125; citation_doi=10.1080/01944360008976094"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas; citation_author=Pendall, Rolf; citation_author=Puentes, Robert; citation_author=Martin, Jonathan; citation_publication_date=2006"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning; citation_author=Pogodzinski, J. M.; citation_author=Sass, Tim; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_journal_title=Regional Science and Urban Economics; citation_volume=24; citation_firstpage=601; citation_doi=10.1016/0166-0462(94)02059-0"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917; citation_author=Rice, Roger L.; citation_publication_date=1968; citation_journal_title=The Journal of Southern History; citation_volume=34; citation_firstpage=179; citation_doi=10.2307/2204656"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Understanding Racial Segregation: What Is Known about the Effect of Housing Discrimination; citation_author=Ross, Stephen L.; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_inbook=Economics"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America; citation_author=Rothstein, Richard; citation_publication_date=2017"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States; citation_author=Rothwell, Jonathan T.; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_journal_title=American Law and Economics Review; citation_volume=13; citation_firstpage=290; citation_doi=10.1093/aler/ahq015"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply; citation_author=Saiz, Albert; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_journal_title=The Quarterly Journal of Economics; citation_volume=125; citation_firstpage=1253; citation_doi=10.1162/qjec.2010.125.3.1253"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect; citation_author=Sampson, Robert J; citation_publication_date=2012"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Dynamic Models of Segregation; citation_author=Schelling, Thomas C.; citation_publication_date=1971; citation_journal_title=The Journal of Mathematical Sociology the Journal of Mathematical Sociology; citation_volume=1; citation_firstpage=143; citation_doi=10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis; citation_author=Schwab, Robert; citation_author=Oates, Wallace; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_journal_title=Journal of Public Economics; citation_volume=44; citation_firstpage=217; citation_doi=10.1016/0047-2727(91)90027-Y"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality; citation_author=Sharkey, Patrick; citation_publication_date=2013"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning; citation_author=Shertzer, Allison; citation_author=Twinam, Tate; citation_author=Walsh, Randall; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_journal_title=American Economic Journal: Applied Economics; citation_volume=8; citation_firstpage=217"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities; citation_author=Shertzer, Allison; citation_author=Twinam, Tate; citation_author=Walsh, Randall; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_journal_title=Journal of Urban Economics; citation_volume=105; citation_firstpage=20; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jue.2018.01.006"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities; citation_author=Silver, Christopher; citation_author=Thomas, June Manning; citation_author=Ritzdorf, Marsha; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_inbook=Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows; citation_firstpage=23; citation_lastpage=42"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy; citation_author=Stone, Clarence N.; citation_publication_date=1989"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America; citation_author=Taub, Richard P.; citation_author=Taylor, D. G.; citation_author=Dunham, Jan D.; citation_publication_date=1984"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures; citation_author=Tiebout, Charles M.; citation_publication_date=1956; citation_journal_title=Journal of Political Economy; citation_volume=64; citation_firstpage=416; citation_doi=10.1086/257839"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Zoned American; citation_author=Toll, Seymour I; citation_publication_date=1969"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Collective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws; citation_author=Troesken, Werner; citation_author=Walsh, Randall; citation_publication_date=2017"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities; citation_author=Trounstine, Jessica; citation_publication_date=2018"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination; citation_author=Yinger, John; citation_publication_date=1997"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Public goods in the United States are largely funded and delivered at the local level. Local public goods are valuable, but their production requires overcoming several collective action problems including coordinating supply and minimizing congestion, free-riding, and peer effects. Land use regulations, promulgated by local governments, allow communities to solve the collective action problems inherent in the provision of local public goods and maintenance of property values. A consequence of these efforts is residential segregation between cities along racial lines. I provide evidence that more stringent land use regulations are supported by whiter communities and that they preserve racial homogeneity. First, I show that cities that were whiter than their metropolitan area in 1970 are more likely to have restrictive land use patterns in 2006. Then, relying on Federal Fair Housing Act lawsuits to generate changes in land use policy, I show that restrictive land use helps to explain metropolitan area segregation patterns over time. Finally, I draw on precinct level initiative elections from several California cities to show that whiter neighborhoods are more supportive of restricting development. These results strongly suggest that even facially race-neutral land use policies have contributed to racial segregation."> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1017/S0003055419000844"> <link rel="alternate" href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/app.css?version=v7.337.1-hotfix"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <script src="/core/system/public/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js" onerror="console.error('jQuery failed to load')"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/bower_components/jquery-migrate-3/jquery-migrate.min.js" onerror="console.error('jQuery migrate failed to load')"></script>      <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/modernizr/modernizr.js"></script>  <script> (function(a,s,y,n,c,h,i,d,e){s.className+=' '+y;h.start=1*new Date; h.end=i=function(){s.className=s.className.replace(RegExp(' ?'+y),'')}; (a[n]=a[n]||[]).hide=h;setTimeout(function(){i();h.end=null},c);h.timeout=c; })(window,document.documentElement,'async-hide','dataLayer',4000, {'GTM-PWNSR3B':true}); (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-86516288-1', 'auto'); ga('require', 'GTM-PWNSR3B'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NTX72TG');</script>   <script type="text/javascript"> var rumMOKey='bd7888531793d453d3bdf2268eea537b'; (function(){ if(window.performance && window.performance.timing && window.performance.navigation) { var site24x7_rum_beacon=document.createElement('script'); site24x7_rum_beacon.async=true; site24x7_rum_beacon.setAttribute('src','//static.site24x7rum.eu/beacon/site24x7rum-min.js?appKey='+rumMOKey); document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(site24x7_rum_beacon); } })(window) </script>  <script> var AOP = AOP || {}; AOP.uiLanguage = 'en' || 'en'; AOP.uiLanguageSuggested = ''; AOP.leaveTranslationSuggested = ''; AOP.isMultilanguageEnabled = 'true'; AOP.clientSideMultilingualString = '%5B%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2c%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Cambridge%20University%20Press%20content%20sharing%20policy%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Cambridge%20University%20Press%20content%20sharing%20policy.%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22la%20politique%20de%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%20sur%20le%20partage%20(en%20anglais).%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22reply%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22reply%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22r%C3%A9ponse%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca29%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Share%20content%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Share%20content%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Partager%20cet%20article%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b714525e54e3d290be053d6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22To%20manage%20your%20alert%20preferences%20and%20update%20your%20details%20go%20to%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22To%20manage%20your%20alert%20preferences%20and%20update%20your%20details%20go%20to%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pour%20g%C3%A9rer%20vos%20pr%C3%A9ferences%20d'alerte%20ou%20mettre%20%C3%A0%20jour%20vos%20details%20veuillez%20svp%20vous%20rendre%20sur%20la%20page%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22replies%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22replies%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22r%C3%A9ponses%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be6863d%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22For%20more%20information%2C%20please%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22For%20more%20information%2C%20please%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pour%20plus%20d'information%2C%20veuillez-vous%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a2%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22April%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22April%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Avril%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a3%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22May%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22May%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Mai%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836aa%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22December%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22December%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22D%C3%A9cembre%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Sep%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Sep%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Sep.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d4%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jul%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Jul%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Juil.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9db%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Show%20fewer%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Refine%20listing%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Show%20fewer%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Afficher%20moins%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e3%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Citation%20Tools%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Citation%20Tools%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Outils%20bibliographiques%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be6863b%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Alternatively%20you%20can%20download%20a%20PDF%20containing%20the%20link%20which%20can%20be%20freely%20shared%20online%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Alternatively%20you%20can%20download%20a%20PDF%20containing%20the%20link%20which%20can%20be%20freely%20shared%20online%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Vous%20pouvez%20aussi%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9charger%20le%20PDF%20contenant%20ce%20lien%20et%20le%20partager%20librement%20en%20ligne%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22September%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22September%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Septembre%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94c%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Selected%20format%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Selected%20format%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Format%20s%C3%A9lectionn%C3%A9%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2a%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20the%20content%20link%20or%20use%20the%20option%20below%20to%20share%20it%20via%20email%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20the%20content%20link%20or%20use%20the%20option%20below%20to%20share%20it%20via%20email%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copiez-collez%20ce%20lien%20ou%20cliquez%20le%20bouton%20ci-dessous%20pour%20envoyer%20un%20email%20contenant%20le%20lien%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Delete%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Recommend%20to%20librarian%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Delete%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Supprimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cd%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22decline%20option%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22No%20thanks%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Non%20merci%20(view%20site%20in%20English)%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d3%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Juin%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e2%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22View%20Altmetric%20attention%20score%20details%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20entry%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22alt%20text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22View%20Altmetric%20attention%20score%20details%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Voir%20le%20d%C3%A9tail%20du%20score%20d'attention%20Altmetric%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Nov%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Nov%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Nov.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9dd%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Page%2FArticle%20number%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Page%2FArticle%20number%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Page%2Fnum%C3%A9ro%20d%E2%80%99article%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Aug%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Aug%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Ao%C3%BBt%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Collapse%20list%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Collapse%20list%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Replier%20la%20liste%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e0%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Online%20publication%20date%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Online%20publication%20date%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Date%20de%20publication%20en%20ligne%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Show%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Show%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Afficher%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca30%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22The%20content%20link%20has%20been%20copied%20to%20your%20clipboard%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20view%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22The%20content%20link%20has%20been%20copied%20to%20your%20clipboard%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Le%20lien%20a%20%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20copi%C3%A9%20dans%20votre%20presse-papier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20entry%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%20with%20hyperlink%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Dissimuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be6863f%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Share%20this%20link%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Share%20this%20link%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Partager%20ce%20lien%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Expand%20full%20list%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Expand%20full%20list%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22D%C3%A9plier%20la%20liste%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9da%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Show%20more%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Refine%20listing%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Show%20more%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Afficher%20plus%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be68642%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Within%20PDF%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Within%20PDF%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Par%20PDF%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a0%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22February%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22February%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22F%C3%A9vrier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94b%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20a%20formatted%20citation%20or%20use%20one%20of%20the%20options%20to%20export%20in%20your%20chosen%20format%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20a%20formatted%20citation%20or%20use%20one%20of%20the%20options%20to%20export%20in%20your%20chosen%20format%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copiez-collez%20la%20citation%20ou%20utilisez%20une%20des%20options%20ci-dessous%20pour%20l'exporter%20dans%20le%20format%20de%20votre%20choix%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94e%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20to%20clipboard%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20to%20clipboard%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copier%20dans%20le%20presse-papier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9df%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Type%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Type%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Type%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cf%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Feb%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Feb%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22F%C3%A9v.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hide%20all%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Hide%20All%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Dissimuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Search%20journal%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22contextual%20search%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22searchbox%20placeholder%20text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Search%20%3CJnlTitle%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Chercher%20dans%20%3CJnlTitle%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be6863a%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20the%20link%20or%20use%20the%20option%20below%20to%20share%20it%20via%20email%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20the%20link%20or%20use%20the%20option%20below%20to%20share%20it%20via%20email%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pour%20cela%2C%20copiez-collez%20ce%20lien%20ou%20bien%20utilisez%20l'option%20ci-dessous%20pour%20le%20partager%20par%20email%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Apr%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Apr%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Avr.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be68640%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Via%20email%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Via%20email%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Par%20email%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d0%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Mar%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Mar%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Mars%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cb%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22close%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Close%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Fermer%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9ca%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22leaving%20language%20prompt%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22%3Cp%3EThe%20%3Clang%3E%20version%20of%20Cambridge%20Core%20is%20not%20currently%20available%20through%20the%20entire%20site.%20The%20page%20you%20are%20visiting%20is%20not%20available%20in%20%3Clang%3E%20and%20will%20be%20displayed%20in%20English.%3C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22%3Cp%3ELa%20version%20fran%C3%A7aise%20de%20Cambridge%20Core%20n'est%20actuellement%20pas%20disponible%20%C3%A0%20travers%20l'int%C3%A9gralit%C3%A9%20du%20site.%20La%20page%20vers%20laquelle%20vous%20vous%20rendez%20n'est%20pas%20disponible%20en%20fran%C3%A7ais%20et%20sera%20affich%C3%A9e%20en%20anglais.%3C%2Fp%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22View%20all%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22View%20All%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Voir%20tout%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2b%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Anyone%20you%20share%20the%20following%20link%20with%20will%20be%20able%20to%20freely%20read%20this%20content.%20For%20more%20information%2C%20please%20view%20the%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Anyone%20you%20share%20the%20following%20link%20with%20will%20be%20able%20to%20freely%20read%20this%20content.%20For%20more%20information%2C%20please%20view%20the%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Tous%20ceux%20avec%20qui%20vous%20partagez%20ce%20lien%20obtiendront%20un%20acc%C3%A8s%20gratuit%20%C3%A0%20cet%20article.%20Pour%20plus%20d'information%2C%20veuillez%20svp%20consulter%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Relevance%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Relevance%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pertinence%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22August%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22August%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Ao%C3%BBt%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d2%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22May%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22May%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Mai%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9dc%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Sorted%20by%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Sorted%20by%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Tri%20par%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Publication%20date%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Publication%20date%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Date%20de%20publication%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22language%20prompt%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22%3Cp%3EWe%20notice%20that%20%3Clang%3E%20is%20the%20default%20language%20in%20your%20browser%20settings.%20Would%20you%20like%20to%20view%20this%20site%20in%20%3Clang%3E%3F%3C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22%3Cp%3EVotre%20navigateur%20indique%20le%20fran%C3%A7ais%20comme%20langue%20par%20defaut.%20Souhaitez%20vous%20consulter%20le%20site%20en%20fran%C3%A7ais%3F%3C%2Fp%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9ea%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Access%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Refine%20listing%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Access%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Acc%C3%A8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Dissimuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be6863c%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22For%20more%20information%2C%20please%20view%20our%20content%20sharing%20policy%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22For%20more%20information%2C%20please%20view%20our%20content%20sharing%20policy%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pour%20plus%20d'information%2C%20veuillez-vous%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rer%20%C3%A0%20notre%20politique%20de%20partage%20de%20contenus%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be6863e%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22view%20our%20content%20sharing%20policy%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22view%20our%20content%20sharing%20policy%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rer%20%C3%A0%20notre%20politique%20de%20partage%20de%20contenus%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9ce%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Jan%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2e%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Share%20via%20email%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Share%20via%20email%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Partager%20par%20e-mail%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2d%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22OR%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22OR%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22OU%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94d%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Change%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Change%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Modifier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94f%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Download%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Download%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22T%C3%A9l%C3%A9charger%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2f%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Cancel%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Cancel%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Annuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e4%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22View%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20entry%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%20with%20hyperlink%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22View%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Voir%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be68639%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Anyone%20you%20share%20the%20following%20link%20with%20will%20be%20able%20to%20freely%20read%20this%20content%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Anyone%20you%20share%20the%20following%20link%20with%20will%20be%20able%20to%20freely%20read%20this%20content%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22%EF%BB%BFToute%20personne%20avec%20qui%20vous%20partagez%20le%20lien%20suivant%20pourra%20acc%C3%A9der%20gratuitement%20%C3%A0%20cet%20article%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b754bedf620e6600be68641%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Within%20PDF%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Within%20PDF%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Par%20PDF%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22October%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22October%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Octobre%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cc%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22accept%20option%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Yes%2C%20please%20switch%20to%20%3Clang%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Oui%2C%20voir%20le%20site%20en%20fran%C3%A7ais%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b714525e54e3d290be053d5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22If%20you%20have%20any%20queries%20about%20this%20please%20contact%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22If%20you%20have%20any%20queries%20about%20this%20please%20contact%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pour%20toutes%20questions%20veuillez%20svp%20contacter%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab50718369f%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22January%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22January%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Janvier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9de%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Title%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Title%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Titre%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Dec%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Dec%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22D%C3%A9c.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225b714525e54e3d290be053d4%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22This%20alert%20has%20been%20successfully%20added.%20Our%20records%20show%20that%20there%20is%20an%20error%20with%20the%20email%20address%20you%20have%20provided%20and%20therefore%20we%20are%20currently%20unable%20to%20send%20content%20alerts%20to%20you.%20The%20email%20address%20we%20are%20attempting%20to%20send%20your%20alerts%20to%20is%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22This%20alert%20has%20been%20successfully%20added.%20Our%20records%20show%20that%20there%20is%20an%20error%20with%20the%20email%20address%20you%20have%20provided%20and%20therefore%20we%20are%20currently%20unable%20to%20send%20content%20alerts%20to%20you.%20The%20email%20address%20we%20are%20attempting%20to%20send%20your%20alerts%20to%20is%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Alerte%20ajout%C3%A9e%20avec%20succ%C3%A8s.%20D%C3%BB%20a%20un%20probl%C3%A8me%20avec%20votre%20adresse%20e-mail%20nous%20ne%20sommes%20actuellement%20pas%20en%20mesure%20de%20vous%20envoyer%20des%20alertes%20par%20e-mail.%20L'adresse%20e-mail%20%C3%A0%20laquelle%20nous%20n'arrivons%20pas%20%C3%A0%20envoyer%20les%20alertes%20est%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22November%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22November%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Novembre%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac950%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Export%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Export%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Exporter%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Oct%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Oct%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Oct.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Search%20society%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22contextual%20search%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22searchbox%20placeholder%20text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Search%20%3CSocietyName%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Rechercher%20dans%20%3CSocietyName%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22March%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22March%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Mars%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a4%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22June%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22June%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Juin%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225bb361659f569ab5071836a5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22July%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22dates%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22July%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Juillet%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%226568350e9421515f267b9929%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20a%20formatted%20citation%20or%20download%20in%20your%20chosen%20format%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20a%20formatted%20citation%20or%20download%20in%20your%20chosen%20format%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copiez%20et%20collez%20la%20citation%20format%C3%A9e%20ou%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9chargez-la%20dans%20le%20format%20de%20votre%20choix%22%7D%5D'; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function handleImageError(element) { const $element = $(element); $element.css('pointer-events', 'none'); $element.attr('tabindex', '-1'); } </script> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="b60ec523a5bee2ad04c630bf0d3aa388" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script" /> <script data-cfasync="false" async="true" src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function () { AOP.loadScript(AOP.baseUrl + '/cambridge-core/public/js/a11y-1.0.40.min.js', function () { if(!window.cambridgeA11y) { console.error('cambridgeA11y not loaded') return } const { ShareaholicAccessibilityHandler, FocusTrapKeydownHandler } = window.cambridgeA11y new ShareaholicAccessibilityHandler(new FocusTrapKeydownHandler()).fixAccessibilityForShareaholicModal(); }) }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var AOP = AOP || {}; AOP.focusTrap = function (modalId, firstFocusableElement) { var modalElement = document.getElementById(modalId) modalElement.removeAttribute('tabindex') if (!modalElement) { return; } // Get all focusable elements inside the modal var focusableElements = Array.from(modalElement.querySelectorAll( 'a[href], area[href], input:not([disabled]):not([type="hidden"]), select:not([disabled]), textarea:not([disabled]), button:not([disabled]), [tabindex="0"]' )) focusableElements = focusableElements.filter(el => { const ancestorElement = el.offsetParent || el.parentElement const visibleElement = el.style.visibility !== 'hidden' return ancestorElement && visibleElement }) if (!focusableElements) { return; } var firstFocusable = firstFocusableElement || focusableElements[0] var lastFocusable = focusableElements[focusableElements.length - 1] var TAB_KEY_CODE = 'Tab' firstFocusable.focus() $(firstFocusable).on('keydown', function (event) { var isTabPressed = event.key === TAB_KEY_CODE if (!isTabPressed) { return } if (event.shiftKey) { event.preventDefault() lastFocusable.focus() } }) $(`#${modalId}`).on('keydown', function (event) { var isTabPressed = event.key === TAB_KEY_CODE if (!isTabPressed) { return } if (event.shiftKey) { if (document.activeElement === firstFocusable || document.activeElement === modalElement) { event.preventDefault() lastFocusable.focus() } } else { if (document.activeElement === lastFocusable || document.activeElement === modalElement) { event.preventDefault() firstFocusable.focus() } } }) } </script></head> <body> <header>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NTX72TG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" sandbox="allow-scripts"></iframe></noscript>  <a class="skiptocontent" href="#maincontent"> Skip to main content </a> <a class="skiptocontent" href="/core/accessibility"> Accessibility help </a> <div class="cookie-message"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-11 columns"> <p>We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/cookies-policy/" target="_blank">manage your cookie settings</a>.</p> </div> <div class="small-1 columns"> <a href="#" onclick="closeMessage();" class="cookie-close">   <img alt = "Close cookie message" title = "Close cookie message" src = "/core/cambridge-core/public/images/icn_circle__btn_close_white.svg">  </a> </div> </div> </div> <script> var cookieMessage = $('.cookie-message'); var cookieName = 'EULAW'; var closeMessage = function () { $.cookie(cookieName, true, {expires: 365, path:'/'}); cookieMessage.slideUp().promise().done(function () { cookieMessage.remove(); }); }; $(document).ready(function () { if ($.cookie(cookieName) !== 'true') { cookieMessage.slideDown(); } }); </script> <div id="login-modal" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal role="dialog" aria-labelledby="loginModalHeader"> <div class="header"> <h2 class="heading_07 margin-bottom" id="loginModalHeader">Login Alert</h2> </div> <div class="wrapper large-margin-top-for-small-only"> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <div class="panel callout message"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"><a href="#" onclick="$('#login-modal').foundation('reveal', 'close');return false;" class="right small button radius transparent cancel">Cancel</a></div> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <a href="/core/login?ref=/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" class="left small radius button blue confirm login">Log in</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close login notification"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></a> </div> </div> <div id="multilingual-suggestion-modal" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal> <div class="wrapper large-margin-top-for-small-only"> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <div id="multilingual-suggestion-modal-message" class="panel callout message"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"><a id="multilingual-suggestion-modal-decline-option" href="#" class="right small button radius transparent cancel"></a></div> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <a id="multilingual-suggestion-modal-accept-option" href="#" class="left small radius button blue confirm login"></a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a> </div> </div> <div class="global-header-wrapper"> <div class="global-header-spacer"></div> <div id="global-header" class="global-header"> <div class="__shared-elements-html ShEl"><div class="__shared-elements-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/entry.BhGMTrWu.css"> <link rel="prefetch" as="style" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/error-404.B06nACMW.css"> <link rel="prefetch" as="style" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/error-500.WGRfNq7F.css"> </div><div class="__shared-elements-body"><div id="__sharedElements-7imm1"><div class="shared-elements"><div class="gh-headerContainer"><div class="gh-globalHeader"><div class="gh-logoContainer"><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/academic" class="gh-cup-logo"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="149" height="30" viewbox="0 0 149 30" fill="none" aria-label="Homepage Cambridge University Press" class="gh-logo" data-v-7c4b1471><g clip-path="url(#A)" data-v-7c4b1471><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M147.065 1.786l.036 2.785-.445.114c-.1-1.217-.376-2.211-2.324-2.211h-2.618v5.147h2.247c1.103 0 1.402-.616 1.527-1.679h.447v4.304l-.446.007c-.069-1.029-.311-1.829-1.518-1.829h-2.257v4.52c0 1.314 1.133 1.314 2.332 1.314 2.151 0 3.149-.135 3.75-2.31l.441.098-.602 2.901h-9.774v-.482h.186c.75 0 1.443-.14 1.443-1.162V3.43c0-1.022-.693-1.163-1.443-1.163h-.186v-.481h9.204zm-53.267 0h-5.895v.481h.26c.486 0 1.388 0 1.388 1.525v9.569c0 .815-.748 1.104-1.388 1.104h-.26v.482h5.724v-.482h-.261c-.932 0-1.591-.115-1.591-1.6V8.766h1.454l3.918 6.18h3.371v-.492c-.889-.048-1.311-.356-1.828-1.153l-3.23-4.915.085-.035c1.152-.466 2.615-1.414 2.615-3.286 0-2.207-1.447-3.28-4.363-3.28zm-.749.536c1.685 0 2.804 1.123 2.804 2.858 0 2.138-.903 3.051-2.953 3.051h-1.125l.001-5.826a8.87 8.87 0 0 1 1.273-.083zm13.772-.539h-5.501v.481h.186c.751 0 1.443.142 1.443 1.163V13.3c0 1.021-.692 1.162-1.443 1.162h-.186v.481h5.501v-.481h-.186c-.75 0-1.444-.14-1.444-1.162V3.427c0-1.021.694-1.163 1.444-1.163h.186v-.481zM31.488 8.355c0 4.435 2.709 6.939 6.956 6.939 2.089 0 3.924-.818 5.112-2.354l-.345-.644c-1.055 1.355-2.452 2.089-4.412 2.089-3.487 0-4.927-3.074-4.927-6.324 0-3.652 1.781-5.919 4.647-5.919 2.79 0 3.616 1.617 4.112 3.383l.433-.056-.139-3.046c-1.373-.641-2.776-.945-4.46-.945-1.88 0-3.545.638-4.814 1.775-1.367 1.224-2.162 3.146-2.162 5.102zM59.883 4.33l4.761 10.706h.397l4.553-10.921.401 8.416.019.944c0 .893-.643.931-1.533.984l-.036.002v.475h5.464v-.475c-1.008-.038-1.544-.13-1.622-1.151l-.509-8.729c-.112-1.86.151-2.32 1.632-2.32h.07l.001-.485h-3.654l-4.231 9.975-4.472-9.974h-3.727v.479h.152c1.046 0 1.669.644 1.602 1.779l-.516 8.32c-.069 1.215-.161 2.046-1.657 2.106h-.169v.478h4.439v-.478h-.113c-1.21-.045-1.768-.203-1.689-2.003l.437-8.128zm55.196 10.61c1.826 0 3.63-.436 4.919-1.712 1.28-1.27 2.015-3.056 2.015-4.9 0-1.974-.668-3.636-1.93-4.81-1.28-1.191-3.113-1.741-5.301-1.741l-5.887.005v.482h.187c.749 0 1.443.141 1.443 1.162v9.871c0 1.023-.694 1.163-1.443 1.163h-.187v.483l6.184-.004zM114.1 2.349c3.704 0 5.505 1.986 5.505 6.347 0 2.806-1.514 5.669-4.841 5.669-1.413 0-2.003-.225-2.003-1.621l.001-10.334a17.99 17.99 0 0 1 1.338-.062zm19.119 11.918c-.493.224-1.326.347-2.132.33-3.496 0-5.062-3.303-5.062-6.636 0-3.628 1.855-5.882 4.914-5.882 2.267 0 3.277.887 3.823 3.15l.441-.028-.209-3.141c-1.018-.34-2.623-.651-4.184-.651-3.487 0-7.192 2.112-7.192 6.746 0 4.357 2.81 7.173 7.156 7.173 1.801 0 3.422-.307 4.63-.695l.002-3.592c0-.706.374-1.079 1.082-1.079h.153v-.47h-5.062v.47h.154c.973 0 1.487.374 1.487 1.079l-.001 3.226zM80.916 8.129c2.063 0 3.294 1.147 3.294 3.168 0 1.797-1.21 3.117-2.814 3.117-1.336 0-1.746-.368-1.746-1.654V8.129h1.265zm-.073-5.86c1.733 0 2.612.865 2.612 2.723 0 1.682-.999 2.562-2.813 2.562h-.991V2.269h1.192zm1.507 5.51c1.616-.261 3.451-1.032 3.451-3.117 0-1.883-1.511-2.878-4.256-2.878l-5.846.003v.481h.261c.484 0 1.387 0 1.387 1.524v9.548c0 .817-.748 1.121-1.387 1.121h-.261v.477l6.451.001c2.463 0 4.358-1.655 4.358-3.72 0-.866-.303-1.609-.877-2.195-.742-.759-1.624-1.124-3.281-1.245zM50.387 1.784l4.289 11.418c.318.903.783 1.258 1.463 1.258h.04l-.001.486H51.08v-.486h.116c.991 0 1.38-.415 1.082-1.327L51.24 10.24h-4.149l-.956 2.654c-.42 1.245.237 1.553 1.201 1.553h.174l.001.494h-4.008l.002-.494h.045c.811 0 1.358-.498 1.668-1.305 0-.001 4.18-11.36 4.18-11.36l.992.002zm-3.065 7.81h3.684l-1.84-5.127-1.845 5.127zM32.257 20.335c.66 0 .829.18.829.672v4.573c0 1.56 1.153 2.449 3.111 2.449 1.982 0 3.063-1.02 3.063-2.677v-4.141c0-.744.18-.876.793-.876v-.348l-1.093.024a30.18 30.18 0 0 1-1.237-.024v.348c.625.012.925.012.925 1.116v3.997c0 1.272-.757 2.077-2.102 2.077-1.333 0-2.054-.84-2.054-2.089v-4.43c0-.612.264-.672.781-.672h.084v-.348l-1.573.024c-.409 0-.841-.012-1.526-.024v.348zm9.028 0c.829.024 1.237.312 1.237.732v5.33c0 .78-.252 1.056-1.177 1.068v.348l1.429-.024a43.1 43.1 0 0 1 1.453.024v-.348h-.048c-.877 0-1.165-.336-1.165-1.128v-4.982l5.909 6.686h.312v-6.578c0-.6.216-1.128.853-1.128h.264v-.348l-1.429.024c-.288 0-.757-.012-1.393-.024v.348c.853 0 1.213.192 1.213 1.14v4.189l-5.045-5.678-1.081.024c-.432 0-.877-.012-1.333-.024v.348h0zm13.441 7.13c-.685-.012-.853-.12-.853-.66v-5.678c0-.672.168-.792.877-.792v-.348l-1.501.024c-.564 0-1.177-.012-1.633-.024v.348c.673 0 .865.18.865.696v5.462c0 .78-.168.972-.901.972v.348c.36-.012.709-.024 1.622-.024a56.45 56.45 0 0 1 1.525.024v-.348h0zm1.293-7.13c.601.012.829.072.973.432l2.931 7.238h.372l2.739-6.878c.132-.336.216-.492.288-.588.096-.12.18-.204.444-.204h.072v-.348l-1.057.024c-.325 0-.565-.012-1.057-.024v.348c.517.012.853.012.853.3 0 .144-.06.336-.156.6L60.631 26l-1.886-4.681c-.144-.348-.18-.528-.18-.66 0-.312.324-.312.829-.324v-.348l-1.742.024c-.541 0-.973-.012-1.633-.024v.348h0zm8.959 0c.877 0 1.009.084 1.009.744v5.642c0 .54-.132.732-1.009.744v.348l2.774-.024 3.375.012.42-1.789h-.312c-.204.552-.336.78-.468.924a1.14 1.14 0 0 1-.589.312c-.252.06-.709.096-1.381.096-.541 0-.865-.048-1.069-.156-.216-.108-.325-.312-.325-.732V23.96h1.55c.492 0 .829.156.829.816v.192l.3-.06c-.012-.324-.036-.648-.036-1.428l.012-.996h-.3c0 .708-.192.948-.877.948h-1.478v-2.977l1.502-.036c.829 0 1.021.084 1.201.24.168.156.288.348.372 1.02l.312-.12c-.036-.456-.048-.9-.048-1.116 0-.156.012-.348.012-.456l-3.231.024c-.853 0-1.694-.012-2.546-.024v.348h0zm7.686 0h.06c.745 0 .937.108.937.792v5.522c0 .612-.144.816-.949.816h-.06v.348a76.17 76.17 0 0 1 1.778-.024l1.682.024v-.348h-.084c-.757 0-.961-.192-.961-.624V24.14h.757l.588 1.068a22.31 22.31 0 0 0 .697 1.092l.672 1.032c.264.408.409.48.613.48.252 0 .793-.024 1.189-.024.276 0 .516.012.817.024v-.348a1.26 1.26 0 0 1-.913-.336c-.228-.204-.516-.552-.841-1.044L77.18 23.9c1.057-.396 1.621-1.044 1.621-1.957 0-1.26-.961-1.957-2.895-1.957l-1.982.024c-.288 0-.757-.012-1.261-.024v.348h0zm2.402.084c.192-.06.421-.084.613-.084 1.057 0 1.681.6 1.681 1.753 0 .828-.36 1.224-.673 1.416-.24.144-.516.228-.961.228h-.661v-3.313zm9.104-.624c-1.501 0-2.534.888-2.534 2.317 0 1.188.757 1.813 1.814 2.341.865.432 1.609.804 1.609 1.693 0 .66-.492 1.404-1.526 1.404-1.057 0-1.501-.684-1.826-1.765l-.3.048c.036.156.096.648.168 1.62.697.324 1.297.504 1.994.504 1.417 0 2.654-.876 2.654-2.317 0-.936-.48-1.704-1.802-2.389-1.153-.6-1.694-.936-1.694-1.68 0-.6.444-1.369 1.465-1.369.757 0 1.177.42 1.369 1.332l.312-.036c-.06-.504-.12-1.092-.12-1.549l-.757-.084c-.432-.048-.697-.072-.829-.072zm6.391 7.671c-.685-.012-.853-.12-.853-.66v-5.678c0-.672.168-.792.877-.792v-.348l-1.502.024c-.564 0-1.177-.012-1.633-.024v.348c.673 0 .865.18.865.696v5.462c0 .78-.168.972-.901.972v.348c.36-.012.709-.024 1.621-.024a56.9 56.9 0 0 1 1.525.024v-.348zm1.517-5.966c.144-.792.409-1.044 1.333-1.044h1.633v6.002c0 .936-.192 1.008-.901 1.008h-.156v.348l1.79-.024 1.766.024v-.348c-.865-.012-1.105-.156-1.105-.864v-6.146h1.67c.432 0 .721.072.865.216.132.132.204.264.24.9l.276-.108c0-.408 0-.852.144-1.789l-.204-.096c-.18.3-.288.396-.673.396h-5.933c-.348 0-.529-.132-.613-.396h-.252a10.45 10.45 0 0 1-.216 1.921h.336zm8.746-1.164c.433 0 .745.048.913.276l2.558 3.469v2.653c0 .672-.216.72-1.045.732v.348l1.826-.024 1.694.024v-.348c-.853 0-1.057-.144-1.057-.624v-3.085l2.126-2.977c.252-.348.504-.444.828-.444v-.348l-1.045.024c-.252 0-.672-.012-1.213-.024v.348c.493.012.793.024.793.24 0 .12-.144.348-.24.492l-1.477 2.221-1.73-2.329c-.156-.216-.18-.324-.18-.384 0-.204.288-.228.624-.24v-.348l-1.693.024c-.565 0-.889-.012-1.682-.024v.348zm14.689.036c.12-.012.36-.036.636-.036 1.405 0 1.453 1.729 1.453 1.981 0 1.116-.492 1.717-1.465 1.717h-.06v.312h.18c1.393 0 1.874-.408 2.198-.744.264-.276.565-.768.565-1.488 0-1.236-.805-2.125-2.607-2.125l-1.717.024c-.385 0-.985-.012-1.442-.024v.348c.565 0 .853.036.853.708v5.63c0 .672-.24.792-.865.792v.348l1.586-.024 1.838.024v-.348c-.649 0-1.154 0-1.154-.756l.001-6.338zm4.466-.036h.06c.744 0 .937.108.937.792v5.522c0 .612-.145.816-.949.816h-.06v.348c.42-.012 1.225-.024 1.777-.024l1.682.024v-.348h-.084c-.757 0-.961-.192-.961-.624V24.14h.757l.588 1.068c.216.372.529.84.697 1.092l.672 1.032c.265.408.409.48.613.48.252 0 .793-.024 1.189-.024.276 0 .517.012.817.024v-.348a1.26 1.26 0 0 1-.913-.336c-.228-.204-.516-.552-.841-1.044l-1.465-2.185c1.057-.396 1.621-1.044 1.621-1.957 0-1.26-.96-1.957-2.894-1.957l-1.982.024c-.288 0-.757-.012-1.261-.024v.348h0zm2.402.084a2.15 2.15 0 0 1 .613-.084c1.057 0 1.681.6 1.681 1.753 0 .828-.36 1.224-.673 1.416-.24.144-.516.228-.96.228h-.661V20.42zm6.516-.084c.877 0 1.009.084 1.009.744v5.642c0 .54-.132.732-1.009.744v.348l2.775-.024 3.375.012.42-1.789h-.312c-.204.552-.336.78-.469.924-.144.144-.3.24-.588.312-.252.06-.709.096-1.381.096-.541 0-.865-.048-1.069-.156-.217-.108-.325-.312-.325-.732V23.96h1.55c.492 0 .828.156.828.816v.192l.301-.06c-.012-.324-.036-.648-.036-1.428l.012-.996h-.301c0 .708-.192.948-.876.948h-1.478v-2.977l1.502-.036c.828 0 1.021.084 1.201.24.168.156.288.348.372 1.02l.312-.12c-.036-.456-.048-.9-.048-1.116 0-.156.012-.348.012-.456l-3.231.024c-.852 0-1.693-.012-2.546-.024v.348zm10.51-.54c-1.501 0-2.534.888-2.534 2.317 0 1.188.757 1.813 1.813 2.341.865.432 1.61.804 1.61 1.693 0 .66-.492 1.404-1.526 1.404-1.056 0-1.501-.684-1.825-1.765l-.3.048c.036.156.096.648.168 1.62.696.324 1.297.504 1.994.504 1.417 0 2.654-.876 2.654-2.317 0-.936-.481-1.704-1.802-2.389-1.153-.6-1.693-.936-1.693-1.68 0-.6.444-1.369 1.465-1.369.757 0 1.177.42 1.369 1.332l.313-.036c-.06-.504-.12-1.092-.12-1.549l-.757-.084c-.432-.048-.697-.072-.829-.072zm6.233 0c-1.501 0-2.534.888-2.534 2.317 0 1.188.757 1.813 1.813 2.341.865.432 1.61.804 1.61 1.693 0 .66-.493 1.404-1.526 1.404-1.056 0-1.501-.684-1.825-1.765l-.3.048c.036.156.096.648.168 1.62.696.324 1.297.504 1.994.504 1.417 0 2.654-.876 2.654-2.317 0-.936-.48-1.704-1.802-2.389-1.153-.6-1.693-.936-1.693-1.68 0-.6.444-1.369 1.465-1.369.757 0 1.177.42 1.369 1.332l.313-.036c-.06-.504-.12-1.092-.12-1.549l-.757-.084c-.432-.048-.697-.072-.829-.072zM0 0v15.599c0 7.67 4.03 9.859 5.967 10.911.356.193 6.333 3.162 6.715 3.352l.258.138.257-.137 6.716-3.352C21.85 25.459 25.88 23.27 25.88 15.6V0H0z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M12.939 29.365l2.633-1.309V15.762h9.746l.001-.163V10.5h-9.747V.559h-5.266V10.5H.559v5.099l.001.163h9.746v12.294l2.633 1.309z" fill="#fff" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g fill="#e73337" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M.559.559h9.747V10.5H.559V.559zm15.015 0h9.747V10.5h-9.747V.559zm-5.269 15.205H.559c.056 7.126 3.712 9.191 5.674 10.256.199.108 2.281 1.146 4.073 2.038V15.764zm5.269 0v12.294l4.073-2.038c1.961-1.065 5.618-3.13 5.673-10.256h-9.746z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M19.073 13.234l.201-.239-.254-.302-.255.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.1 3.1 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.59-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.255.302.202.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.09 3.09 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.053.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm1.586 1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.612 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.586-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.485-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.053.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm-6.348 0l.201-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zM3.733 13.234l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.59-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.612 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014 0 0 .048.275.178.588.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.586 1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.255.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.485-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.586-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.485-.014 0 0 .049.274.179.588.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.053.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm-6.348 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.12 3.12 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm10.844 5.803l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.202.239c.003.121.01 1.175-.612 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.551zm0 5.387l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.612 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.48-2.694l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .178.589c.131-.314.179-.589.179-.589.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.09 3.09 0 0 0 .179.589c.131-.314.179-.589.179-.589.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm2.957 5.387l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .178.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.477-20.59l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.612 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.12 3.12 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.48-2.693l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014 0 0 .048.275.178.588.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.13 3.13 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm2.957 5.387l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.1 3.1 0 0 0 .178.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm11.221 13.502c.144.19.346.314.512.314a1.06 1.06 0 0 0 .223-.034.43.43 0 0 1 .11-.016c.04 0 .057.015.057.052a.56.56 0 0 1-.043.155c-.026.062-.043.112-.049.148l-.033.173-.083.148-.115.107-.033.034v.074.037c0 .202-.06.316-.223.425-.013.008-.033.022-.058.041l-.017.067-.082.288a1.73 1.73 0 0 1-.157.231c-.1.131-.165.237-.206.338-.034.083-.06.107-.114.107-.081 0-.162-.102-.176-.222a.42.42 0 0 1-.041.05l-.098.066-.158.107-.131.099-.091.091c-.016.016-.033.025-.047.025-.042 0-.085-.071-.126-.207l-.082-.271c-.022-.073-.034-.163-.034-.267 0-.137.009-.185.058-.295-.165.017-.212.027-.297.058a.29.29 0 0 1-.072.016c-.027 0-.044-.019-.044-.051a.51.51 0 0 1 .033-.122l.108-.28a.7.7 0 0 1 .566-.416.72.72 0 0 1 .211.044.45.45 0 0 0 .125.026c.096 0 .172-.07.172-.158 0-.044-.029-.091-.066-.108-.014-.007-.113-.037-.297-.091-.139-.041-.208-.092-.364-.273-.113-.131-.158-.168-.199-.168-.032 0-.049.021-.049.058l.008.11.003.051c0 .229-.068.448-.234.75l-.232.42c-.11.2-.157.352-.157.504 0 .166.072.313.165.339l.124.032a.09.09 0 0 1 .041.026c.011.013.026.034.026.047s-.015.046-.042.076c-.015.016-.064.08-.149.189-.142.186-.232.253-.405.305-.1.242-.263.383-.554.479l-.033.057c-.098.174-.317.331-.456.331h-.032c-.018.151-.126.308-.289.421l-.19.139a.34.34 0 0 0-.041.075c-.037.082-.072.116-.118.116-.088 0-.161-.082-.212-.24l-.075.049-.157.107c-.038.018-.135.047-.289.083-.203.047-.378.133-.422.207l-.074.123-.034.014c-.04 0-.087-.057-.107-.13a2.03 2.03 0 0 1-.075-.464c0-.293.097-.484.397-.783l-.001-.071c0-.456.348-.765.86-.765l.083.002.281.017.026.001c.152 0 .292-.058.444-.183.202-.165.261-.266.261-.451 0-.059-.016-.126-.079-.333a1.34 1.34 0 0 1-.061-.388c0-.341.25-.765.59-.999.087-.061.152-.141.152-.187 0-.019-.01-.034-.023-.034-.022 0-.059.023-.105.064-.04.036-.107.078-.198.125l-.132.066-.149.058c-.046.017-.069.042-.069.073 0 .018.007.044.019.075s.016.047.016.061-.014.052-.042.096l-.115.19c-.113.186-.195.266-.339.33-.093.272-.226.41-.421.438-.156.314-.294.423-.57.454-.038.121-.105.221-.248.38-.059.064-.095.109-.107.132-.065.116-.07.123-.1.123-.038 0-.124-.057-.189-.123a.5.5 0 0 1-.074-.1l-.075-.132c-.024-.043-.049-.062-.08-.062l-.053.003-.182.025a.58.58 0 0 0-.331.19l-.099.149c-.01.015-.025.024-.039.024-.074 0-.119-.163-.119-.433 0-.237.036-.395.118-.508l.231-.322c.032-.045.05-.089.05-.126a.17.17 0 0 0-.041-.106c-.049-.058-.096-.093-.132-.099l-.174-.024c-.031-.005-.044-.012-.044-.026s.009-.034.027-.057a.79.79 0 0 1 .207-.182c.205-.125.339-.174.477-.174a.81.81 0 0 1 .432.142l.239.157c.034.023.074.034.115.034.111 0 .194-.066.272-.215.076-.144.109-.26.109-.383a.51.51 0 0 0-.53-.534c-.143 0-.29.056-.43.165-.042.033-.07.064-.083.091l-.066.149c-.015.036-.039.057-.059.057-.042 0-.135-.119-.213-.272-.041-.08-.08-.179-.115-.298-.049-.161-.071-.282-.071-.412l.012-.224a.83.83 0 0 1-.149-.511.92.92 0 0 1 .059-.29.61.61 0 0 1-.091-.368l.008-.103.025-.115.017-.099c-.08-.104-.102-.174-.182-.536-.044-.205-.071-.294-.106-.347-.017-.023-.025-.041-.025-.05 0-.048.115-.092.247-.092l.116.009c-.029-.076-.035-.106-.035-.166a1.03 1.03 0 0 1 .06-.329c.044-.126.053-.161.053-.202 0-.098-.015-.197-.036-.252l-.066-.165a.23.23 0 0 1-.021-.085c0-.017.011-.023.041-.023.162 0 .472.175.715.405s.32.413.32.752l-.014.181c.225.197.323.36.323.537 0 .129-.042.215-.166.337-.223.222-.273.337-.273.622 0 .438.131.675.373.675.213 0 .377-.231.404-.57l.025-.314a3.22 3.22 0 0 1 .041-.297c.014-.075.025-.174.025-.215 0-.111-.073-.252-.29-.504-.232-.271-.31-.417-.31-.629 0-.254.176-.44.414-.44.059 0 .089.009.16.045.003-.144.01-.17.091-.372.064-.159.133-.272.165-.272.011 0 .028.012.049.033a.86.86 0 0 0 .108.09l.083.058a.75.75 0 0 1 .074.075c.051-.185.104-.272.256-.421.116-.113.159-.148.181-.148s.038.015.059.041l.099.131.14.158c.054.059.073.111.099.255l.082-.049.132-.074a.97.97 0 0 0 .1-.066c.022-.016.041-.026.052-.026s.029.024.039.059l.049.19.108.215c.032.064.042.114.042.212v.052l.055-.002c.163 0 .303.192.303.414 0 .294-.235.674-.54.876-.028.099-.035.139-.035.219 0 .657.173.794 1.183.945a5.56 5.56 0 0 1 .677.14l.653.215c.223.074.373.107.489.107.123 0 .191-.035.191-.1 0-.113-.165-.214-.672-.412l-.719-.28c-.731-.286-1.076-.731-1.076-1.388 0-.764.574-1.338 1.34-1.338.289 0 .57.06.976.207l.605.198c.101 0 .156-.069.171-.214.013-.124.047-.174.115-.174.101 0 .212.094.29.248.068.134.107.291.107.428a.47.47 0 0 1-.405.504.8.8 0 0 1-.665.342c-.329 0-.492-.065-1.054-.416-.201-.126-.287-.157-.434-.157-.197 0-.343.122-.343.287 0 .151.122.251.397.324.164.043.188.055.273.14.066-.016.096-.02.137-.02.268 0 .599.145.879.384.509.157.962.706.962 1.167 0 .509-.441.965-.935.965a3.37 3.37 0 0 1-.639-.102z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M22.437 23.219l.033-.091.033-.116c.006-.021.037-.068.091-.139.084-.11.126-.249.126-.411 0-.051-.013-.098-.044-.16-.016-.032-.025-.058-.025-.076 0-.011.006-.024.017-.038s.022-.023.033-.025l.005-.001c.021 0 .057.024.085.058.035.043.066.066.084.066.037 0 .076-.063.098-.157l.017-.083c0-.04-.033-.144-.074-.231-.016-.033-.024-.061-.024-.084 0-.029.019-.053.046-.053s.063.026.11.07c.023.022.045.034.063.034.052 0 .089-.053.128-.182l.033-.129c0-.024-.01-.038-.029-.038l-.029.002-.098.01c-.151 0-.364-.104-.464-.224l-.231-.281-.206-.273-.19-.124c-.031-.02-.049-.045-.049-.067 0-.031.031-.052.079-.052s.179.048.425.152a2.58 2.58 0 0 0 .837.183c.395 0 .721-.319.721-.707 0-.212-.095-.408-.327-.681-.043-.051-.118-.101-.153-.101-.027 0-.046.02-.046.049a.26.26 0 0 0 .025.093c.01.026.016.052.016.076 0 .038-.014.06-.039.06-.052 0-.106-.085-.151-.234-.055-.184-.162-.294-.414-.421a.89.89 0 0 0-.261-.093c-.016 0-.027.014-.027.036 0 .031.012.065.033.098a.41.41 0 0 1 .067.158v.008c0 .032-.016.05-.046.05-.053 0-.065-.014-.186-.199-.062-.095-.228-.22-.372-.281-.045-.019-.093-.031-.14-.033h-.005c-.03 0-.053.014-.053.032 0 .007.013.033.037.076l.012.047c0 .025-.017.045-.039.045-.05 0-.203-.126-.324-.265-.131-.151-.215-.343-.215-.494 0-.316.302-.596.64-.596.085 0 .157.015.212.042l.289.149.339.224c.195.127.462.223.624.223.06 0 .106-.008.26-.051.081-.022.131-.054.131-.084l-.003-.007-.029-.017-.182-.016c-.101-.01-.33-.113-.512-.232l-.38-.247-.338-.141c-.026-.01-.042-.027-.042-.043s.018-.031.039-.031c0 0 .032.006.094.017l.314.091c.079.022.206.081.38.173.344.183.569.264.734.264.191 0 .331-.131.331-.309 0-.06-.013-.157-.032-.236a.33.33 0 0 0-.05-.107c-.014-.021-.03-.032-.041-.032-.024 0-.037.025-.037.067l.004.057.003.048c0 .152-.059.206-.228.206-.137 0-.322-.055-.742-.222-.394-.155-.64-.214-.884-.214-.622 0-1.167.507-1.167 1.085 0 .499.332.882 1.011 1.161l.702.289c.581.239.794.41.794.636 0 .188-.175.309-.448.309-.118 0-.265-.032-.536-.119-.657-.209-1.085-.296-1.461-.296-.613 0-1.049.168-1.398.536-.046.049-.073.063-.114.063-.028 0-.056-.011-.118-.047a.4.4 0 0 0-.181-.059c-.06 0-.154.052-.198.109l-.082.107c-.024.031-.051.05-.073.05-.06 0-.166-.102-.232-.224-.041-.074-.069-.147-.082-.215-.011-.052-.017-.137-.017-.226l.008-.153.025-.165.025-.141c.006-.02.022-.033.04-.033.043 0 .062.039.062.129l-.002.052-.002.037c0 .235.093.45.196.45.081 0 .152-.144.211-.43.012-.057.035-.09.063-.09s.053.042.078.165c.015.08.068.191.124.264.032.042.066.067.094.067.068 0 .111-.101.145-.339.014-.092.041-.15.073-.15.014 0 .026.007.035.018a1.3 1.3 0 0 1 .058.091c.02.034.052.062.091.082s.074.033.096.033a.12.12 0 0 0 .077-.033c.037-.033.058-.058.058-.068s-.017-.038-.049-.073c-.054-.058-.096-.136-.149-.273L20 19.462c-.013-.03-.027-.05-.042-.058l-.026-.007-.049.007-.173.049-.054.009c-.023 0-.039-.015-.039-.039s.03-.062.068-.092c.209-.166.333-.445.38-.851.028-.247.06-.34.165-.487.022-.031.041-.049.052-.049.032 0 .05.025.05.073 0 .032-.009.072-.027.117a.29.29 0 0 0-.018.1l.001.031.017.05.091-.033.099-.115a.61.61 0 0 0 .109-.338c0-.079-.019-.134-.066-.19-.052-.062-.088-.087-.126-.087l-.056.004-.059.004c-.053 0-.08-.016-.08-.049l.014-.063.009-.091-.049-.206-.041-.1-.025-.083-.058.041-.124.074c-.032.019-.066.05-.1.091-.117.142-.125.149-.172.149-.03 0-.047-.011-.047-.031l.005-.035a.85.85 0 0 0 .025-.171c0-.144-.105-.361-.231-.481-.173.165-.265.346-.265.521v.099c0 .038-.012.057-.038.057h-.003c-.021-.003-.041-.019-.058-.041l-.099-.132a1.33 1.33 0 0 0-.133-.108l-.066-.057-.033.066c-.082.164-.11.262-.115.397-.004.11-.013.142-.039.142-.013 0-.03-.006-.052-.019-.125-.07-.137-.075-.191-.075-.149 0-.25.106-.25.263 0 .061.035.154.103.275.076.135.189.258.239.258.014 0 .017-.01.017-.051v-.017l-.008-.14-.017-.108-.001-.014c0-.032.012-.046.037-.046.075 0 .14.219.195.655.048.384.154.648.322.801.043.039.067.071.067.089s-.015.026-.033.026c-.024 0-.062-.015-.108-.041a.18.18 0 0 0-.09-.026c-.083 0-.175.096-.191.2l-.075.47-.058.661c-.011.125.006.293.05.495.038.178.058.309.058.391 0 .495-.308.886-.818 1.037l-.529.156c-.329.098-.491.315-.537.718.085-.067.111-.078.24-.098l.156-.025a.43.43 0 0 0 .141-.041c.015-.009.045-.04.091-.091l.14-.156c.053-.06.101-.094.13-.094.02 0 .035.022.035.048s-.02.078-.058.136-.06.135-.06.213c0 .105.028.172.135.324.013-.05.024-.083.033-.099a1.69 1.69 0 0 1 .124-.173c.114-.148.197-.302.198-.372.002-.128.014-.169.046-.169s.033.006.045.079c.003.018.012.035.025.05.019.021.038.033.05.033s.033-.012.066-.033c.057-.038.101-.077.132-.116s.062-.093.082-.149c.028-.072.042-.125.042-.156l-.001-.107c0-.028.012-.051.027-.051s.062.043.089.091c.018.032.03.042.053.042h.005c.03-.003.056-.015.074-.034.101-.098.166-.219.166-.31l-.009-.152-.033-.125-.002-.011c0-.026.019-.048.04-.048.037 0 .078.053.135.174.026.057.051.084.075.084.039 0 .07-.029.148-.142l.074-.107c.016-.024.025-.052.025-.083s-.009-.057-.025-.081l-.067-.099c-.011-.017-.016-.045-.016-.083a.81.81 0 0 1 .124-.388l.107-.207c.013-.034.027-.05.046-.05s.028.02.028.041l-.008.091v.066.066c.011.03.031.042.071.042.025 0 .054-.006.086-.017l.206-.075a1.42 1.42 0 0 0 .19-.091c.324-.179.424-.216.583-.216.095 0 .218.037.392.117.036.017.065.026.085.026s.05-.015.072-.042c.016-.019.024-.042.024-.063 0-.03-.011-.066-.033-.102-.026-.046-.051-.103-.051-.123s.014-.036.038-.036.047.02.062.044l.19.33c.154.274.354.464.529.504l.363.083c.113.025.141.069.141.209a.72.72 0 0 1-.331.616l-.298.191c-.108.068-.198.259-.198.416 0 .102.025.282.058.425l.058-.057.141-.083.124-.124.066-.182.066-.165c.032-.08.07-.132.096-.132s.045.045.045.126l-.001.023v.031c0 .118.015.17.107.348z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M17.543 25.575c0-.393.143-.564.712-.853 1.123-.569 1.728-1.091 1.728-1.488 0-.08-.026-.197-.1-.445a1.41 1.41 0 0 1-.071-.358c0-.183.151-.46.344-.632l.157-.14c.086-.077.15-.188.15-.261l-.001-.037-.002-.049c0-.082.032-.112.117-.116l.075-.008.064-.017c.027 0 .053.015.069.041l.041.066.058.066c.019.021.038.034.053.034s.033-.008.063-.024c.04-.022.071-.031.1-.031.043 0 .065.023.065.071 0 .166-.107.406-.298.661-.317.429-.421.66-.421.934 0 .215.062.404.182.56.021.028.033.05.033.061 0 .022-.021.059-.058.104l-.05.067c-.066.095-.11.132-.153.132-.032 0-.063-.027-.078-.067l-.033-.09c-.01-.026-.028-.043-.047-.043-.006 0-.02.014-.036.034-.021.027-.032.059-.032.091v.14c0 .056-.02.114-.058.165a.69.69 0 0 1-.116.123c-.031.027-.054.042-.065.042-.024 0-.047-.026-.059-.066l-.05-.165c-.007-.024-.024-.041-.041-.041-.028 0-.051.046-.058.116-.017.187-.049.301-.098.347l-.116.106c-.037.036-.081.061-.105.061s-.045-.011-.052-.027l-.058-.124c-.007-.015-.021-.025-.037-.025-.033 0-.058.066-.07.191-.03.297-.092.43-.256.545a.45.45 0 0 0-.206.231c-.072-.106-.1-.196-.1-.329a.3.3 0 0 1 .034-.157c.034-.062.053-.109.053-.137 0-.02-.013-.036-.03-.036-.008 0-.022.012-.041.032-.023.027-.059.055-.107.083-.149.085-.171.116-.207.281a.42.42 0 0 1-.38.371c-.28.057-.297.064-.397.158l-.01-.147zm-.534-8.514v.083l.001.122a.51.51 0 0 1-.018.134c-.027.115-.033.154-.033.187 0 .158.022.236.115.399.052.09.085.199.085.277 0 .033-.014.053-.036.053-.014 0-.029-.008-.04-.024l-.066-.091c-.053-.072-.103-.091-.237-.091l-.143.009a1.79 1.79 0 0 1 .099.289c.067.27.076.289.223.421s.161.15.161.198c0 .037-.026.067-.057.067l-.055-.008-.033-.003c-.045 0-.086.083-.086.175a.59.59 0 0 0 .053.208c.02.049.04.082.058.1l.083.082a.12.12 0 0 1 .033.085c0 .04-.023.074-.05.074a.19.19 0 0 1-.074-.027c-.021-.01-.04-.016-.058-.016-.037 0-.055.023-.055.068l.013.123.05.214c.011.048.042.102.091.158a.39.39 0 0 0 .124.099l.166.075c.016.012.024.036.024.066s-.024.058-.055.058a.7.7 0 0 1-.086-.017l-.084-.008c-.084 0-.09.005-.09.069a.52.52 0 0 0 .017.128l.033.132c.035.14.08.215.13.215.011 0 .032-.012.06-.033a1.02 1.02 0 0 1 .511-.173c.155 0 .332.019.399.041.038.013.065.02.079.02.02 0 .027-.02.028-.094l.017-.149.033-.256.024-.19v-.108l-.067.058c-.14.132-.229.173-.374.173-.38 0-.598-.427-.598-1.171 0-.307.045-.742.13-1.24.018-.105.026-.178.026-.229 0-.272-.172-.537-.472-.729z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M17.57 18.91l.074-.074.074-.067c.062-.054.111-.169.111-.254 0-.039-.008-.075-.028-.118-.029-.062-.084-.117-.117-.117-.028 0-.053.068-.064.175l-.017.124-.024.124-.009.124v.082zm-.726 3.377c.085.031.102.045.19.149.115.133.178.165.33.165a.42.42 0 0 0 .117-.016l.107-.033.083-.025c.04-.011.066-.028.066-.042s-.065-.072-.165-.139a1.59 1.59 0 0 0-.198-.116c-.071-.035-.131-.051-.189-.051-.116 0-.228.036-.339.109zm1.113 2.323c0-.266.262-.485.582-.485.16 0 .253.032.253.086 0 .042-.07.1-.223.181l-.24.132-.364.181-.008-.096zm3.363-2.003c.117-.024.157-.054.215-.057l.149.008a.48.48 0 0 0 .099-.066l.116-.082c.165-.113.174-.12.174-.156 0-.046-.067-.068-.206-.068-.26 0-.419.122-.546.422z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M18.827 17.58l.116.074c.066.042.121.073.165.09.128.053.174.071.174.12a.35.35 0 0 1-.017.094.51.51 0 0 0-.025.116c-.012.112-.08.141-.125.141-.056 0-.114-.086-.206-.248a1.91 1.91 0 0 1-.132-.33l-.005-.032c0-.02.012-.032.036-.032l.018.006z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M19.942 17.868l-.19.191c-.067.089-.067.167-.083.182s-.032.021-.058.025l-.012.001c-.048 0-.084-.035-.087-.083l-.008-.14-.009-.141v-.008c0-.054.03-.083.073-.092l.176-.049.181-.091c.053-.026.069-.033.078-.033.021 0 .039.022.039.048 0 .012-.006.03-.018.052l-.083.139z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M19.105 18.431l.124.092a.22.22 0 0 0 .111.028.51.51 0 0 0 .195-.053l.108-.049c.025-.011.047-.018.064-.018.066 0 .118.07.118.157 0 .122-.088.247-.216.429l-.09.191c-.072.103-.12.14-.179.14-.098 0-.146-.056-.293-.348-.106-.208-.149-.336-.149-.438 0-.087.045-.148.111-.148.027 0 .06-.006.096.016z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M19.216 18.884l.008.157c.004.071.063.142.12.142.076 0 .131-.115.16-.29l.019-.115c0-.061-.02-.077-.098-.077l-.044.002h-.058l-.037-.002c-.052 0-.072.04-.072.145l.002.038z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M8.359 21.057c.072.182.097.272.107.389l.016.346c.013.347.128.52.347.52.079 0 .145-.021.182-.058l.091-.091.036-.011c.058 0 .09.038.09.107l-.01.134c-.007.06.004.188.033.379a2.25 2.25 0 0 1 .025.333c0 .176-.013.244-.075.402.058.162.091.345.091.499 0 .18-.029.3-.099.402.033.142.041.199.041.28s-.011.187-.033.314c-.029.172-.041.305-.033.395l.001.021c0 .052-.016.078-.048.078s-.069-.024-.102-.066c-.05-.065-.083-.088-.121-.088-.057 0-.075.03-.16.278-.026.077-.093.18-.198.306-.082.098-.133.179-.149.24l-.049.173c-.01.022-.029.039-.05.041h-.01c-.136 0-.292-.292-.452-.842-.045-.156-.103-.225-.187-.225-.06 0-.121.04-.144.093l-.05.116c-.009.02-.026.033-.043.033-.066 0-.167-.121-.229-.273-.051-.126-.081-.263-.081-.38 0-.259.191-.452.766-.776.251-.141.348-.32.348-.643 0-.256-.077-.403-.297-.57-.175-.132-.275-.182-.368-.182-.078 0-.14.052-.14.118 0 .078.045.125.153.162.127.046.182.09.182.147s-.054.165-.141.299a.76.76 0 0 1-.264.273c-.039.227-.146.372-.397.537-.05.142-.078.193-.165.305l-.174.223a.72.72 0 0 0-.124.256c-.018.126-.03.148-.078.148-.066 0-.2-.116-.335-.289a.4.4 0 0 1-.107-.273c-.086.068-.113.077-.281.099-.101.014-.176.033-.223.059-.127.066-.168.084-.191.084-.034 0-.046-.018-.049-.076l-.008-.182c0-.249.098-.54.248-.734-.145-.125-.289-.202-.405-.215-.049-.005-.062-.011-.062-.029 0-.03.032-.095.078-.152.062-.078.111-.133.149-.165a.82.82 0 0 1 .479-.174c.107 0 .266.039.471.116.074.028.14.041.197.041.091 0 .142-.059.142-.163 0-.15-.074-.385-.241-.762-.112-.255-.163-.427-.163-.545 0-.286.135-.583.304-.668-.08-.04-.115-.05-.184-.05-.083 0-.148.021-.254.083-.122.071-.19.134-.19.176 0 .016.025.042.067.072.064.045.075.061.075.122 0 .204-.169.477-.405.654-.052.289-.185.464-.446.586-.034.157-.056.203-.182.38-.216.302-.266.399-.305.57-.02.089-.041.125-.068.125-.035 0-.108-.055-.188-.142l-.132-.158c-.035-.054-.053-.107-.091-.263-.06.017-.076.02-.118.02l-.121-.003-.083-.002c-.181 0-.373.041-.471.101-.036.022-.06.033-.072.033-.053 0-.097-.112-.097-.25 0-.298.083-.545.276-.814-.071-.059-.094-.081-.157-.148-.027-.03-.05-.05-.066-.058l-.091-.05c-.031-.017-.05-.037-.05-.054 0-.044.121-.159.264-.252.159-.102.285-.149.4-.149.135 0 .207.035.376.182.117.102.197.149.254.149.04 0 .084-.028.118-.075.028-.038.043-.08.043-.123 0-.158-.189-.424-.398-.562-.156-.102-.326-.157-.492-.157-.23 0-.428.114-.515.297l-.091.19c-.021.044-.048.067-.079.067-.053 0-.081-.024-.268-.241l-.214-.248a.66.66 0 0 1-.133-.214.49.49 0 0 0-.041-.107c-.007-.011-.036-.033-.082-.067-.166-.117-.287-.349-.356-.685l-.025-.107c-.202-.248-.323-.555-.323-.821a.36.36 0 0 1 .018-.113c-.118-.118-.131-.147-.224-.463-.066-.224-.108-.32-.19-.428-.022-.029-.033-.052-.033-.064 0-.045.069-.081.19-.101l.166-.019.165.011-.01-.226c0-.133.01-.219.044-.377a1.01 1.01 0 0 0 .025-.172 1.68 1.68 0 0 0-.017-.142.73.73 0 0 0-.024-.124c-.012-.031-.018-.055-.018-.07 0-.027.018-.041.049-.041.024 0 .058.012.109.036.144.071.263.143.355.215.285.223.509.566.509.779l-.004.065-.017.121c0 .036.02.084.058.134l.091.125c.081.11.133.238.133.324 0 .077-.016.111-.149.304-.1.144-.141.252-.141.369 0 .149.059.337.166.522.097.171.21.265.317.265.184 0 .265-.163.294-.604l.066-.627.008-.113c0-.052-.016-.082-.082-.161l-.249-.288c-.236-.276-.307-.418-.307-.616 0-.227.149-.384.365-.384l.099.009-.001-.064a.87.87 0 0 1 .042-.224c.052-.177.117-.314.151-.314.011 0 .038.013.08.041a1.22 1.22 0 0 0 .149.057.99.99 0 0 1 .164.082.73.73 0 0 1 .133-.289c.107-.138.228-.247.271-.247.026 0 .074.035.134.099l.157.165c.026.027.057.081.091.157l.033.074.099-.057.132-.075.157-.075c.042-.028.072-.043.085-.043.028 0 .043.05.105.323a1.9 1.9 0 0 1 .058.364c.264.037.388.188.388.471 0 .266-.131.531-.413.832-.077.083-.096.122-.096.199 0 .73.254.96 1.17 1.057a5.83 5.83 0 0 1 1.404.298c.355.106.559.15.691.15.156 0 .243-.057.243-.157 0-.153-.111-.201-.769-.34-1.531-.322-2.132-.845-2.132-1.854 0-.719.538-1.259 1.257-1.259.317 0 .6.097 1.048.355.416.241.502.282.597.282.111 0 .155-.071.155-.25 0-.116.035-.172.107-.172.066 0 .166.068.256.174.137.162.19.245.19.469 0 .299-.159.494-.471.58l-.074.082c-.17.192-.32.256-.59.256-.235 0-.53-.096-.732-.24l-.397-.28c-.171-.121-.296-.173-.416-.173-.169 0-.27.101-.27.27s.11.301.29.357l.372.116c.132.041.194.067.355.148l.185-.018a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 .699.174l.149.067.207.058c.469.131.851.656.851 1.168 0 .584-.379.946-.991.946l-.191-.009z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M8.218 25.961l.049-.1.116-.124a.61.61 0 0 0 .15-.427c0-.085-.015-.177-.043-.267a.67.67 0 0 1-.034-.146c0-.052.039-.102.079-.102.016 0 .039.015.062.042l.124.14c.077.087.103.103.199.124l.008-.115.008-.136a.96.96 0 0 0-.182-.558c-.066-.084-.096-.135-.096-.164s.022-.059.045-.059c.008 0 .02.006.034.017.08.059.121.084.143.084.04 0 .076-.1.076-.208a.77.77 0 0 0-.169-.461l-.099-.123c-.011-.016-.017-.032-.017-.047 0-.035.029-.061.072-.061.031 0 .05.008.102.041.024.016.047.025.063.025.064 0 .088-.09.088-.336l-.003-.102-.008-.149c-.009-.175-.025-.206-.099-.206H8.82c-.403 0-.591-.255-.695-.942-.075-.496-.26-.849-.487-.925-.136-.045-.184-.075-.184-.111 0-.023.038-.045.079-.045.03 0 .099.018.156.041.329.133.607.198.849.198.396 0 .708-.291.708-.66 0-.282-.134-.569-.376-.801a.47.47 0 0 0-.206-.124l-.016-.001-.042.014.017.119.032.083.009.034c0 .018-.017.032-.039.032s-.047-.013-.061-.034l-.149-.223c-.118-.176-.376-.323-.568-.323-.068 0-.111.03-.111.078 0 .023.022.066.05.097.042.048.075.105.075.132l-.009.033c-.009.019-.021.031-.033.033l-.008.001c-.04 0-.06-.018-.24-.223-.147-.168-.448-.332-.609-.332-.023 0-.044.01-.061.026-.01.011-.017.023-.017.032 0 .025.022.058.058.092.051.047.092.103.092.127 0 .016-.022.031-.046.031-.047 0-.153-.068-.351-.224-.308-.242-.446-.47-.446-.735 0-.319.228-.57.52-.57.171 0 .398.082.554.199l.405.305a1.07 1.07 0 0 0 .65.215c.052 0 .1-.012.143-.033.036-.018.058-.04.058-.055s-.031-.024-.075-.036c-.146-.035-.264-.085-.347-.148l-.413-.313-.323-.223c-.218-.114-.26-.141-.26-.167 0-.013.021-.024.047-.024s.047.006.073.017l.215.091a2.47 2.47 0 0 1 .347.206c.442.295.667.39.927.39.247 0 .429-.175.429-.413 0-.047-.012-.098-.034-.143l-.041-.082c-.014-.029-.041-.052-.049-.041l-.025.033-.025.174c-.001.007-.01.027-.025.058a.29.29 0 0 1-.057.082c-.045.044-.083.058-.152.058-.128 0-.271-.068-.658-.315s-.744-.379-1.024-.379A1.07 1.07 0 0 0 5.977 18c0 .827.505 1.2 2.09 1.546.603.131.868.308.868.576 0 .245-.198.399-.512.399a1.19 1.19 0 0 1-.224-.016 30.59 30.59 0 0 1-.851-.232c-.354-.098-.752-.154-1.103-.154-.622 0-1.041.185-1.326.584-.033.047-.066.075-.088.075s-.042-.012-.069-.033l-.115-.091a.56.56 0 0 0-.297-.113.26.26 0 0 0-.175.072c-.041.037-.072.057-.084.057-.046 0-.131-.104-.196-.239-.093-.193-.141-.386-.141-.562 0-.082.026-.14.062-.14.029 0 .05.022.062.066l.066.239c.037.134.112.239.169.239.025 0 .07-.036.12-.099.031-.038.053-.077.067-.116.052-.151.064-.173.105-.173.048 0 .073.03.106.181.007.028.016.07.054.142.033.062.067.113.099.149.025.027.056.042.085.042.073 0 .139-.121.139-.255l-.002-.035-.01-.153c0-.059.009-.077.043-.077.019 0 .034.01.058.04.035.046.083.085.141.115.05.027.091.041.118.041s.053-.015.08-.041.035-.044.035-.065-.03-.062-.117-.15c-.047-.048-.103-.16-.165-.33-.023-.065-.054-.109-.078-.109a.24.24 0 0 0-.054.018l-.107.041-.074.033-.028.006c-.035 0-.063-.025-.063-.057s.075-.121.166-.196c.065-.055.105-.136.107-.223.005-.139.031-.248.058-.248l.025-.289a2.98 2.98 0 0 1 .124-.569c.01-.03.023-.051.033-.051.023 0 .044.062.044.131l-.003.043-.005.084c0 .105.017.159.049.159s.077-.052.113-.143l.074-.19c.022-.056.033-.108.033-.154 0-.161-.096-.277-.23-.277l-.06.01-.058.017c-.043 0-.08-.048-.08-.104l.006-.119-.008-.165-.033-.173-.009-.083-.074.041-.091.075-.132.107-.108.091c-.019.016-.04.025-.061.025-.063 0-.071-.017-.071-.146v-.032c0-.104-.045-.185-.214-.384l-.042-.05-.032.058-.091.149-.091.231-.017.148c-.004.043-.021.076-.037.076s-.046-.022-.078-.059a.64.64 0 0 0-.355-.239l-.016.057-.05.174-.009.156v.066.053c0 .046-.017.073-.045.073l-.005-.001c-.003-.001-.019-.015-.049-.041-.019-.017-.054-.026-.1-.026-.154 0-.252.083-.252.215 0 .099.034.173.186.404.068.103.146.184.176.184.02 0 .037-.054.037-.117l-.015-.099a.41.41 0 0 1-.024-.126c0-.046.013-.071.039-.071.074 0 .151.214.183.512l.033.305a1.02 1.02 0 0 0 .099.33c.075.154.149.259.215.305.079.056.128.111.128.141s-.021.05-.044.05a5.64 5.64 0 0 1-.167-.059l-.069-.01c-.165 0-.22.094-.22.378a1.58 1.58 0 0 0 .488 1.044l.38.306c.193.154.339.411.339.595 0 .242-.265.479-.719.644l-.273.098c-.212.077-.297.214-.38.611a.68.68 0 0 1 .228-.042l.037.001.123.003c.111 0 .191-.067.191-.16v-.075c0-.022.031-.053.074-.075l.115-.058.091-.074c.014-.012.03-.019.046-.019.025 0 .045.024.045.051 0 .02-.006.046-.017.075-.028.073-.044.173-.044.284 0 .202.032.311.135.459.009-.055.018-.09.025-.107.017-.042.064-.117.141-.223.125-.175.217-.388.217-.503l-.003-.035-.025-.189c0-.034.015-.067.041-.091.018-.016.038-.024.057-.024.035 0 .057.021.085.082.019.046.043.074.059.074.029 0 .086-.076.122-.165.028-.066.041-.125.041-.175a.29.29 0 0 0-.025-.106.29.29 0 0 1-.026-.094c0-.021.007-.031.034-.055.014-.01.028-.017.042-.017s.033.007.049.017l.074.05c.025.017.048.025.066.025.033 0 .081-.037.116-.092.072-.11.117-.201.117-.235 0-.022-.014-.038-.059-.07-.164-.116-.273-.292-.273-.442 0-.035.008-.074.025-.119l.082-.223.066-.174.024-.009c.028 0 .045.023.045.064a.28.28 0 0 1-.019.094.54.54 0 0 0-.035.157c0 .059.03.091.086.091a.35.35 0 0 0 .138-.033c.25-.108.448-.166.567-.166.112 0 .182.025.3.108.031.022.058.034.076.034s.032-.013.048-.034c.01-.014.017-.029.017-.041 0-.03-.018-.069-.05-.107-.042-.052-.059-.085-.059-.117 0-.026.017-.043.044-.043.13 0 .333.41.527 1.059.152.513.195.565.685.843.415.234.573.466.573.843 0 .371-.103.846-.317 1.469-.067.197-.097.33-.097.44 0 .087.017.172.081.394l.057.19a.98.98 0 0 0 .065.124zm-1.916-1.156a1.38 1.38 0 0 1 .157-.281c.134-.201.182-.308.182-.404v-.133c0-.124.022-.182.072-.182a.05.05 0 0 1 .044.025l.042.066c.013.021.035.033.058.033s.069-.032.093-.069a.58.58 0 0 0 .096-.295l-.009-.091-.008-.093c0-.05.02-.072.068-.072.032 0 .046.013.073.075.017.04.042.066.062.066s.049-.018.069-.05l.066-.099.05-.075.012-.04c0-.023-.018-.044-.062-.076-.153-.11-.22-.28-.231-.587a2.62 2.62 0 0 0-.041-.454c-.005-.016-.054-.134-.149-.355a2.15 2.15 0 0 1-.099-.297c-.019-.076-.043-.1-.103-.1-.225 0-.394.192-.394.445 0 .149.062.384.175.67.159.401.201.544.201.686 0 .303-.121.435-.54.586-.473.169-.695.413-.777.85l.083-.033.115-.041.132-.033c.114-.028.205-.092.223-.157l.033-.115c.008-.028.024-.047.05-.058l.074-.033.074-.033.016.033-.033.107a.74.74 0 0 0-.017.192c0 .181.036.287.141.418zm-4.437-7.639l.017.093c0 .026-.011.097-.033.213l-.015.168a1.35 1.35 0 0 0 .072.435c.042.119.053.156.053.188l-.003.035c-.008.034-.02.059-.032.059s-.046-.018-.084-.052c-.095-.082-.198-.125-.305-.125a.81.81 0 0 0-.141.017l.041.091.124.306.174.264.181.125a.2.2 0 0 1 .05.049c.017.023.025.042.025.055s-.014.027-.033.028l-.166.008c-.025.001-.045.017-.045.035 0 .028.024.111.071.246l.083.24.14.132.148.108c.044.031.07.067.07.093s-.014.046-.029.047l-.082.008c-.027.003-.042.026-.042.066 0 .062.058.174.166.322.128.174.218.232.364.232h.124c.059 0 .095.029.095.076 0 .039-.025.061-.079.073-.114.024-.149.047-.149.1 0 .021.015.053.042.09l.067.091c.055.075.117.125.157.125.022 0 .074-.023.121-.076.074-.085.159-.154.268-.181.287-.073.347-.103.347-.169 0-.023-.011-.056-.033-.095-.091-.164-.124-.27-.124-.404 0-.103-.027-.175-.064-.175-.015 0-.041.025-.068.067-.068.104-.184.174-.289.174-.286 0-.631-.448-.801-1.041a1.65 1.65 0 0 1-.061-.445 2.32 2.32 0 0 1 .061-.504l.091-.405.011-.112c0-.205-.189-.468-.481-.673z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M2.46 18.315c-.061.115-.117.374-.117.538 0 .096.031.173.072.173.013 0 .03-.016.045-.041l.091-.166.059-.101c.033-.049.057-.097.057-.123 0-.098-.091-.219-.207-.28zm.907 3.723l.041.041.066.066c.161.167.185.183.263.183.072 0 .222-.041.307-.084.036-.018.058-.04.058-.057 0-.011-.03-.044-.082-.091l-.091-.083c-.069-.062-.171-.12-.22-.12-.095 0-.192.042-.342.145zm1.918 1.495a.82.82 0 0 1 .165.083l.132.082c.025.011.07.017.131.017.038 0 .072-.006.1-.017l.174-.066.165-.058c.044-.016.075-.041.075-.064 0-.012-.037-.03-.091-.043-.037-.01-.079-.023-.124-.041-.203-.082-.233-.094-.305-.094a.55.55 0 0 0-.422.201zm2.092 1.66c.055-.133.093-.155.281-.166.212-.012.414-.391.414-.648 0-.025-.009-.047-.019-.047s-.03.01-.056.027l-.123.074-.24.107c-.16.071-.301.285-.301.453a.57.57 0 0 0 .045.2z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M3.807 18.018l.082.116a.78.78 0 0 0 .179.129c.025 0 .038-.018.053-.071l.033-.125.009-.138c0-.109-.048-.15-.273-.208-.056-.015-.079-.013-.115-.042s-.079-.05-.099-.05-.034.01-.034.023l.009.037.041.123.116.207zm.883-.001l-.108.191-.041.045-.008.001c-.044 0-.088-.1-.091-.204l-.016-.164c.013-.068.053-.098.156-.116.084-.015.14-.031.166-.049l.132-.091.014-.003c.022 0 .038.015.038.04l-.003.011-.058.141-.182.197z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M4.474 18.579l.132-.066c.024-.012.045-.018.063-.018.064 0 .112.048.112.134 0 .094-.074.221-.175.403-.109.197-.191.331-.276.331-.119 0-.287-.189-.451-.505a.54.54 0 0 1-.063-.23c0-.104.046-.159.133-.159.036 0 .07.008.095.026l.074.05a.39.39 0 0 0 .21.066c.052 0 .101-.011.145-.033z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M4.384 18.761s.076.016.076.067l-.002.024-.025.123c-.027.165-.065.267-.119.267a.08.08 0 0 1-.063-.035c-.085-.12-.15-.274-.15-.358 0-.059.026-.089.079-.089l.014.001.091.016.099-.016z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M23.617 5.468l.033.124.067.264c.104.472.191.595.421.595.131 0 .24-.073.273-.182l.049-.166c.011-.038.04-.06.079-.06.09 0 .138.099.145.299.002.076.019.211.049.404.023.139.033.267.033.382 0 .084-.01.133-.049.237l.016.099c.028.163.035.227.035.303 0 .354-.017.459-.101.597.034.135.044.199.044.296a2.47 2.47 0 0 1-.027.291l-.033.248.008.148c.022.055.033.089.033.099 0 .023-.015.041-.033.041l-.165-.066-.182-.099c-.059-.032-.1-.064-.19-.148-.16.141-.183.154-.373.206-.274.076-.375.11-.429.149s-.093.057-.114.057c-.064 0-.109-.124-.109-.306 0-.264.015-.401.058-.504-.161-.054-.242-.074-.3-.074a.69.69 0 0 0-.121.016l-.037.004c-.024 0-.038-.029-.038-.079 0-.081.057-.242.133-.378.103-.184.274-.338.405-.364l.297-.057c.176-.034.281-.128.281-.251s-.077-.197-.257-.261l-.347-.124c-.117-.042-.227-.094-.331-.157l-.181-.108c-.03-.016-.062-.024-.09-.024-.073 0-.118.054-.118.141 0 .14.108.255.24.255.03 0 .058-.006.084-.017a.27.27 0 0 1 .076-.025c.038 0 .065.036.065.089a1.04 1.04 0 0 1-.19.522l-.099.124-.075.099c-.027.213-.236.517-.446.652-.051.032-.082.054-.091.066s-.029.047-.066.116c-.017.032-.073.098-.166.198a1.55 1.55 0 0 1-.206.19c-.092.07-.148.121-.165.149l-.083.141c-.017.029-.038.043-.065.043-.074 0-.142-.077-.183-.207-.03-.097-.057-.125-.12-.125a.64.64 0 0 0-.145.025l-.115.016h-.29c-.156 0-.365.038-.463.084-.037.018-.066.026-.085.026-.043 0-.064-.043-.064-.126 0-.262.202-.659.464-.916-.039-.152-.119-.254-.223-.28l-.149-.041c-.015-.008-.025-.023-.025-.039 0-.053.059-.105.19-.167.235-.111.303-.132.434-.132.15 0 .276.051.433.174.224.174.285.207.393.207.176 0 .345-.161.345-.331 0-.114-.063-.241-.218-.438-.22-.281-.298-.464-.298-.702 0-.16.032-.247.174-.478.022-.037.035-.068.035-.089 0-.045-.075-.086-.159-.086-.088 0-.198.032-.347.1-.249.114-.397.22-.397.285 0 .026.015.052.041.07l.083.058c.01.007.017.02.017.034s-.016.043-.034.064-.072.09-.165.215a1.89 1.89 0 0 1-.346.363c-.045.034-.072.062-.084.083l-.066.124c-.055.103-.218.274-.356.371l-.115.091a.75.75 0 0 0-.075.115c-.084.151-.217.338-.305.429l-.223.231c-.064.066-.154.257-.24.511-.068.2-.111.29-.142.29-.014 0-.037-.018-.064-.05-.16-.183-.305-.298-.375-.298-.018 0-.051.015-.096.042-.063.038-.138.067-.223.083l-.297.057c-.249.049-.348.102-.463.248-.029.036-.053.057-.066.057-.029 0-.051-.043-.051-.1l.008-.072c.002-.008.016-.082.042-.223.043-.235.103-.43.165-.537l.149-.256c.026-.046.041-.093.041-.133 0-.19-.178-.345-.447-.387-.055-.008-.083-.028-.083-.06 0-.038.065-.111.166-.188.175-.132.368-.215.505-.215.092 0 .215.032.379.099l.182.074a.49.49 0 0 0 .184.043c.192 0 .379-.175.609-.57.104-.18.149-.308.149-.425 0-.209-.097-.335-.26-.335-.128 0-.25.054-.351.156-.09.091-.137.182-.137.264l.005.084.003.044c0 .067-.023.097-.072.097-.062 0-.135-.061-.278-.232l-.232-.272c-.251-.294-.303-.411-.314-.711-.28-.357-.35-.555-.35-.762l.011-.17c-.201-.241-.24-.334-.24-.572 0-.107.006-.135.05-.221-.099-.145-.13-.21-.157-.322l-.041-.174a.9.9 0 0 0-.132-.305c-.074-.106-.083-.122-.083-.153 0-.086.083-.142.29-.193l.066-.017-.017-.183c0-.048.006-.094.025-.197l.058-.306c.022-.119.034-.21.034-.271 0-.07-.011-.127-.05-.257-.025-.084-.054-.148-.082-.19s-.05-.084-.05-.109.028-.05.066-.05c.02 0 .055.01.083.027.279.152.584.393.801.636.187.208.247.381.289.843.253.188.348.358.348.626 0 .159-.052.313-.166.488l-.165.256c-.049.083-.075.179-.075.279 0 .149.045.289.157.488.123.219.234.314.365.314.217 0 .413-.374.413-.786l-.002-.081v-.223l.025-.198.016-.24.016-.199.006-.11c0-.081-.017-.105-.271-.376-.28-.3-.413-.554-.413-.789 0-.222.191-.408.42-.408a.6.6 0 0 1 .175.032v-.099l.009-.174.049-.214c.04-.171.058-.203.117-.203l.041.013.149.132.181.116.05.049c.012-.103.021-.124.107-.232l.115-.157.083-.124.05-.074c.033-.05.047-.063.069-.063s.038.029.064.121c.011.037.036.075.074.107l.108.091c.087.074.145.183.181.339a.49.49 0 0 1 .165-.149l.133-.074c.049-.028.079-.042.088-.042s.023.02.037.05c.019.043.041.085.066.124.106.171.116.196.116.311v.069.099c.268.074.372.218.372.514 0 .222-.102.451-.315.707-.141.17-.165.222-.165.35 0 .582.439.935 1.181.946l.545.008a2.67 2.67 0 0 1 .901.148c.382.125.507.158.623.158.084 0 .154-.047.154-.103 0-.119-.2-.212-.868-.401-1.361-.384-1.942-.935-1.942-1.836 0-.698.583-1.237 1.336-1.237a2.88 2.88 0 0 1 .82.141l.338.124a.52.52 0 0 0 .178.035c.117 0 .161-.073.178-.291.008-.097.039-.14.101-.14.087 0 .256.136.378.306s.215.404.215.554c0 .176-.092.31-.29.421-.185.282-.413.412-.72.412-.235 0-.635-.159-1.139-.454-.198-.116-.285-.148-.395-.148-.149 0-.244.083-.244.214 0 .119.088.194.334.28.391.139.475.185.587.323.421.073.604.146.868.346.754.242 1.174.707 1.174 1.303 0 .543-.368.935-.88.935a1.59 1.59 0 0 1-.402-.049z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M24.436 9.084a.58.58 0 0 1-.026-.152l.009-.112.026-.321c0-.061-.018-.109-.06-.166l-.099-.132c-.064-.087-.09-.151-.09-.225 0-.048.011-.064.044-.064l.038.008.074.041c.034.019.062.028.083.028.05 0 .075-.077.075-.232 0-.215-.04-.318-.165-.415l-.115-.091c-.02-.016-.034-.043-.034-.067 0-.04.023-.065.061-.065.023 0 .056.007.096.017l.091.025.035.008c.028 0 .041-.022.041-.07l-.002-.029-.025-.174c-.026-.18-.056-.249-.109-.249l-.015.002-.215.041-.036.003c-.258 0-.562-.245-.641-.515l-.157-.537c-.047-.161-.187-.338-.397-.504-.069-.053-.129-.085-.173-.09l-.148-.017c-.027-.003-.045-.019-.045-.04 0-.034.029-.05.09-.05a2.35 2.35 0 0 1 .732.14c.271.089.419.121.552.121.414 0 .663-.216.663-.573 0-.179-.065-.404-.157-.548-.081-.124-.216-.251-.389-.363-.025-.017-.048-.026-.065-.026-.023 0-.042.018-.042.042l.008.107v.01c0 .04-.023.073-.053.073-.046 0-.093-.054-.146-.165-.152-.323-.398-.517-.65-.517-.055 0-.087.019-.087.053 0 .025.015.063.043.109a1.02 1.02 0 0 1 .074.148c.013.032.02.056.02.071s-.013.024-.038.024c-.037 0-.098-.034-.139-.077l-.124-.132-.107-.166a.79.79 0 0 0-.33-.289l-.207-.107c-.041-.022-.078-.033-.105-.033s-.039.013-.039.038.013.059.037.095a.42.42 0 0 1 .076.165c0 .028-.018.05-.041.05-.058 0-.162-.104-.307-.305a.78.78 0 0 1-.158-.464c0-.348.268-.619.613-.619.177 0 .399.074.618.207l.397.24c.142.086.334.149.453.149.066 0 .085-.004.233-.042a.4.4 0 0 0 .107-.041.06.06 0 0 0 .03-.049c0-.032-.02-.047-.072-.05-.184-.014-.566-.164-.817-.323l-.273-.156c-.068-.024-.114-.059-.114-.088 0-.013.014-.02.036-.02l.048.008.36.132.347.124a2.18 2.18 0 0 0 .555.116c.157 0 .265-.108.265-.265 0-.079-.02-.168-.052-.23-.05-.099-.116-.182-.143-.182s-.05.033-.05.088l.004.044.01.106c0 .111-.061.184-.156.184a.46.46 0 0 1-.135-.026l-.537-.173c-.467-.151-.648-.19-.878-.19-.649 0-1.139.438-1.139 1.022 0 .658.452 1.071 1.612 1.472 1.125.39 1.272.479 1.272.775 0 .17-.16.307-.359.307a1 1 0 0 1-.194-.017l-.562-.132c-.345-.084-.637-.116-1.027-.116-.819 0-1.214.125-1.642.521-.099.092-.139.109-.249.109l-.056-.002-.13-.008c-.099 0-.174.047-.234.149l-.132.223c-.018.031-.054.049-.095.049-.086 0-.131-.057-.212-.256a.64.64 0 0 0-.165-.249l-.174-.149c-.026-.023-.041-.044-.041-.06s.015-.044.041-.08a.84.84 0 0 0 .075-.115c.026-.047.039-.081.041-.1l.008-.074c.006-.024.03-.041.059-.041.055 0 .064.036.066.24a.59.59 0 0 0 .066.223l.091.198c.012.026.041.042.075.042.086 0 .194-.201.223-.413.024-.176.043-.232.079-.232s.049.021.119.166c.022.044.056.087.099.124s.075.054.099.058h.009c.068 0 .091-.043.107-.199l.008-.082-.016-.116-.011-.08c0-.053.018-.085.049-.085.018 0 .04.012.062.033l.082.083c.055.055.111.083.166.083.071 0 .115-.031.115-.081 0-.041-.009-.061-.082-.183a2.51 2.51 0 0 1-.058-.107c-.073-.139-.108-.174-.173-.174l-.084.008-.107.041c-.032.012-.054.019-.066.019s-.025-.014-.025-.033c0-.074.049-.192.141-.336.057-.09.104-.311.14-.649l.042-.388c.025-.238.051-.323.099-.323.017 0 .031.007.033.017l.024.124v.099c0 .12.013.218.028.218.035 0 .087-.041.137-.111.036-.05.063-.106.083-.165.027-.089.042-.161.042-.217 0-.191-.081-.273-.339-.345-.026-.007-.043-.016-.049-.025l-.009-.074v-.14l-.017-.1-.032-.083-.042-.091-.066.041c-.169.106-.21.138-.265.206-.075.095-.101.119-.132.119-.023 0-.041-.016-.041-.036l.033-.141.003-.024c0-.181-.102-.356-.284-.487l-.058.066-.058.083-.099.116a.39.39 0 0 0-.092.245l.001.027.001.028c0 .065-.01.088-.041.088l-.018-.008-.066-.082-.082-.099-.149-.091-.074-.058c-.08.173-.083.191-.083.414v.069c0 .074-.024.119-.064.119-.019 0-.054-.014-.101-.041-.037-.021-.082-.034-.123-.034-.12 0-.209.102-.209.241 0 .151.032.255.133.42.065.107.15.194.19.194.005 0 .015-.076.025-.177l-.025-.14-.005-.063c0-.053.019-.086.05-.086.046 0 .075.051.104.19l.066.306.066.388a1.54 1.54 0 0 0 .099.33 1.66 1.66 0 0 0 .14.289c.092.118.102.134.102.16 0 .02-.017.038-.036.038s-.043-.009-.075-.025a.32.32 0 0 0-.099-.033l-.06-.009c-.137 0-.165.11-.165.658 0 .342.071.798.159 1.019l.174.438a.56.56 0 0 1 .042.205c0 .604-.817 1.569-1.678 1.983-.335.161-.434.328-.463.784a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 .289-.116c.244-.068.296-.103.33-.215l.033-.107c.015-.046.045-.068.215-.157.064-.033.109-.07.132-.107.043-.071.076-.106.098-.106s.036.016.036.043l-.002.013-.091.236-.01.058c0 .173.097.317.275.408l.024-.099c.029-.126.058-.209.083-.248l.158-.231c.057-.084.067-.139.067-.352l-.009-.26-.005-.066c0-.043.02-.066.058-.066.029 0 .053.011.055.025l.024.157c.006.033.04.058.081.058.08 0 .182-.102.291-.289.042-.073.059-.13.059-.197a1.9 1.9 0 0 0-.026-.257l-.003-.049c0-.041.024-.067.063-.067.021 0 .037.007.04.016l.058.191c.019.063.063.107.108.107.127 0 .258-.259.272-.537.008-.174.03-.235.083-.235.021 0 .036.008.041.02l.033.107c.012.039.036.065.059.065s.063-.037.115-.099a.83.83 0 0 0 .074-.107c.016-.029.024-.059.024-.087 0-.042-.009-.053-.074-.103s-.091-.104-.091-.173c0-.12.051-.248.198-.504.135-.232.153-.259.186-.259s.055.031.055.07c0 .024-.006.049-.017.072-.022.048-.034.081-.034.099 0 .032.029.059.066.059a.34.34 0 0 0 .15-.05 1.66 1.66 0 0 1 .223-.091l.281-.099c.052-.016.111-.025.17-.025.048 0 .096.006.144.017.094.022.158.034.19.034a.13.13 0 0 0 .133-.131.35.35 0 0 0-.051-.143l-.074-.115c-.036-.038-.051-.059-.051-.074l.009-.033c.01-.02.028-.033.047-.033.065 0 .193.133.308.323.648 1.057.962 1.391 1.438 1.535.496.15.613.255.613.551 0 .157-.083.346-.258.588-.33.458-.447.726-.447 1.031l.001.068.091-.042c.068-.034.112-.054.133-.058l.206-.041c.065-.013.117-.09.117-.173l-.001-.016-.016-.182-.002-.029c0-.102.05-.187.112-.187.023 0 .049.021.063.05l.132.28c.053.115.116.17.288.248zM17.663 3.42l-.008.132-.002.081c0 .134.021.192.071.192s.141-.102.179-.215a.84.84 0 0 0 .042-.224.41.41 0 0 0-.042-.156c-.037-.09-.075-.132-.121-.132-.071 0-.104.091-.118.322z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M17.089 1.893l.116.115c.169.169.285.513.285.846l-.004.137-.025.388-.008.325c0 1.079.314 1.815.776 1.815.116 0 .258-.107.356-.265.021-.034.049-.06.066-.06.026 0 .039.022.041.068l.017.182.016.156.025.174.025.162c0 .083-.017.092-.215.119a.55.55 0 0 0-.231.091c-.128.082-.203.139-.215.165l-.091.19c-.012.024-.032.041-.053.041-.048 0-.113-.073-.204-.231-.084-.146-.121-.23-.121-.269 0-.026.021-.037.072-.037h.017l.099.008.074-.008.067-.008c.028-.007.049-.031.049-.061 0-.02-.013-.038-.033-.046l-.372-.158c-.089-.038-.185-.134-.272-.272-.095-.152-.151-.285-.151-.36 0-.059.025-.097.065-.097.016 0 .037.006.061.019a.31.31 0 0 0 .097.033c.014 0 .03-.006.044-.017s.025-.027.025-.04c0-.024-.025-.055-.066-.085-.309-.219-.497-.485-.497-.704 0-.064.015-.094.047-.094l.061.006c.045.009.099.017.116.017.045 0 .076-.025.076-.064 0-.024-.03-.054-.076-.076-.206-.103-.257-.162-.388-.455-.101-.224-.153-.318-.24-.429.108-.052.166-.067.257-.067.113 0 .184.074.264.273.05.126.105.211.137.211.015 0 .021-.026.021-.095a.96.96 0 0 0-.034-.248c-.02-.075-.029-.137-.024-.182l-.017-.116-.091-.05c-.084-.045-.141-.154-.141-.271a.61.61 0 0 1 .017-.15l.05-.191a1.6 1.6 0 0 0 .059-.349v-.071l.074.082zm.992 5.953a1.22 1.22 0 0 1-.396-.123.75.75 0 0 0-.31-.084c-.131 0-.231.041-.351.141l.074.057.166.116.158.124c.04.032.089.05.139.05.162 0 .299-.074.522-.281zm3.182 1.502a.47.47 0 0 1 .165-.215c.231-.198.339-.345.339-.462v-.083-.099c0-.106.017-.141.073-.141.025 0 .045.01.051.025l.041.098c.01.023.036.037.07.037.059 0 .101-.042.203-.21.043-.071.061-.117.061-.164 0-.029-.006-.061-.02-.093l-.058-.131a.4.4 0 0 1-.034-.129c0-.054.027-.086.074-.086.025 0 .047.01.06.026l.065.082c.015.018.019.029.044.029s.085-.029.106-.07l.066-.132c.017-.033.025-.059.025-.075 0-.028-.026-.056-.067-.073l-.116-.05c-.135-.058-.248-.291-.248-.512 0-.025.009-.061.025-.107l.05-.141a.41.41 0 0 0 .025-.137c0-.081-.025-.159-.082-.251l-.099-.173c-.048-.123-.076-.164-.117-.164-.029 0-.057.011-.106.039l-.083.05-.116.133-.116.057c-.069.035-.135.184-.135.309 0 .178.039.275.309.757.114.204.168.355.168.47 0 .336-.343.613-.903.727-.669.137-.815.248-.892.678.116-.06.162-.068.366-.068l.121.002h.019c.111 0 .125-.008.196-.107a.62.62 0 0 1 .273-.23l.132-.058.107-.058.033-.009c.03 0 .046.012.046.035 0 .028-.027.076-.079.139-.08.097-.126.196-.126.272 0 .11.018.166.085.265z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M20.223 8.069c.095.059.191.145.248.223.079.108.09.116.169.116a.52.52 0 0 0 .12-.017l.074-.016c.141-.027.183-.047.183-.085 0-.023-.013-.046-.035-.064l-.099-.082-.091-.083a.44.44 0 0 0-.261-.092c-.103 0-.186.027-.309.1zm2.675.446l.049-.009.083-.008.066.008.045.003c.084 0 .127-.009.162-.036.051-.039.104-.101.157-.19.021-.035.032-.068.032-.094 0-.056-.051-.088-.141-.088-.227 0-.366.126-.454.413z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M19.816 2.81c.009.077.049.14.09.14.035 0 .09-.118.176-.263.117-.199.214-.365.214-.471 0-.035-.018-.062-.041-.062l-.009.003-.091.084a.94.94 0 0 1-.273.148c-.106.038-.136.07-.136.14l.012.067.069.143-.011.072zm-.724-.611c-.029-.024-.07-.042-.092-.042-.035 0-.05.018-.05.06l.002.024c.006.045.018.092.032.14a.72.72 0 0 0 .109.231l.125.209a.43.43 0 0 0 .18.114l.006.001c.022 0 .041-.014.043-.034l.026-.165.041-.149.005-.035c0-.04-.023-.076-.062-.096l-.141-.075-.222-.181z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M19.637 3.248h-.044l-.096-.009c-.003-.001-.037-.021-.1-.059-.037-.022-.077-.033-.116-.033-.076 0-.121.047-.121.126 0 .062.037.182.105.344l.108.264c.091.231.185.33.31.33.107 0 .193-.088.26-.263l.091-.372c.044-.116.153-.164.153-.245 0-.095-.106-.186-.196-.186l-.048.009-.124.084-.182.008z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M19.627 3.477h-.099c-.015 0-.03.009-.041.025-.016.023-.025.038-.025.041l.041.198.033.173c.019.095.034.133.105.133.081 0 .15-.055.159-.157l.017-.182.016-.188c0-.018-.009-.036-.024-.051s-.027-.018-.043-.018l-.007.001-.132.025z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M8.2 5.467l.033.124.066.264c.104.472.192.595.421.595.131 0 .24-.073.273-.182l.05-.166c.011-.038.04-.06.079-.06.089 0 .131.093.135.3.002.059.021.194.059.404.022.124.032.245.032.36a.59.59 0 0 1-.049.259c.028.162.05.38.05.506 0 .204-.038.394-.099.493a1.04 1.04 0 0 1 .042.311 1.55 1.55 0 0 1-.026.275l-.044.285a.35.35 0 0 0 .019.111c.016.047.025.081.025.099 0 .023-.011.041-.025.041l-.165-.066-.182-.099c-.059-.032-.099-.064-.19-.148-.161.144-.208.166-.628.281-.084.022-.146.048-.182.074-.052.037-.09.057-.11.057-.071 0-.105-.114-.105-.35 0-.175.018-.337.05-.46a.94.94 0 0 0-.295-.074 1.68 1.68 0 0 0-.126.016l-.031.003c-.024 0-.044-.036-.044-.079 0-.032.022-.112.051-.179l.082-.198c.03-.072.098-.154.198-.239a.53.53 0 0 1 .215-.125l.297-.057c.177-.034.282-.128.282-.251s-.08-.199-.257-.261l-.356-.124a1.91 1.91 0 0 1-.323-.157c-.197-.117-.23-.132-.277-.132-.071 0-.112.054-.112.147 0 .147.096.25.232.25.028 0 .056-.006.083-.017.04-.016.069-.025.085-.025.037 0 .058.022.058.063l-.002.036-.017.14c-.014.12-.092.265-.264.496l-.074.099a1.14 1.14 0 0 1-.446.652l-.091.066c-.007.008-.029.047-.066.116-.017.032-.072.098-.165.198-.07.076-.139.139-.207.19-.092.07-.148.121-.165.149l-.083.141c-.015.025-.04.041-.067.041-.073 0-.14-.076-.182-.206-.03-.097-.057-.125-.12-.125-.032 0-.081.009-.144.025l-.116.016h-.298c-.148 0-.358.039-.454.084-.038.018-.067.026-.085.026s-.033-.011-.055-.051c-.015-.028-.018-.041-.018-.066 0-.151.108-.435.249-.661.09-.143.119-.176.223-.264-.033-.14-.123-.249-.231-.28l-.141-.041c-.019-.006-.033-.022-.033-.04 0-.043.067-.102.191-.167.161-.085.324-.132.454-.132.137 0 .27.054.422.174.224.175.284.207.393.207.177 0 .345-.162.345-.331 0-.113-.06-.234-.218-.438-.23-.298-.299-.452-.299-.671 0-.136.042-.309.093-.386l.083-.123c.017-.028.028-.055.028-.08 0-.055-.064-.095-.149-.095-.13 0-.381.093-.581.215-.099.061-.166.132-.166.176 0 .026.013.05.034.064l.091.058c.011.007.018.02.018.034s-.014.038-.034.064l-.165.215a2.76 2.76 0 0 1-.347.363.57.57 0 0 0-.083.083c-.001.001-.023.042-.066.124a1.3 1.3 0 0 1-.364.371c-.061.042-.099.072-.115.091s-.034.053-.066.115c-.021.04-.057.098-.108.173-.081.12-.148.205-.198.256L3.4 8.67c-.071.071-.133.209-.231.511-.058.183-.111.29-.142.29-.014 0-.037-.018-.065-.051-.164-.187-.305-.298-.379-.298-.017 0-.048.014-.092.042-.061.038-.136.067-.223.083l-.305.057c-.231.044-.322.094-.455.248-.032.036-.058.057-.072.057-.025 0-.044-.041-.044-.096l.008-.077.042-.223c.044-.239.098-.416.165-.537l.14-.256c.028-.05.042-.095.042-.134 0-.19-.197-.365-.437-.387-.061-.005-.084-.02-.084-.054 0-.042.067-.125.159-.193.165-.126.382-.215.52-.215.084 0 .213.035.371.099l.182.074a.49.49 0 0 0 .184.043c.192 0 .379-.175.609-.57.104-.179.149-.308.149-.424 0-.208-.099-.336-.262-.336a.53.53 0 0 0-.357.156c-.083.084-.127.172-.127.256l.003.092.001.02c0 .077-.026.12-.072.12-.078 0-.191-.111-.516-.504-.242-.293-.296-.418-.306-.711-.28-.357-.35-.508-.35-.762l.011-.17c-.194-.233-.249-.36-.249-.574 0-.078.013-.124.059-.218-.099-.145-.13-.21-.157-.322l-.041-.174c-.028-.118-.073-.22-.132-.305-.075-.107-.083-.121-.083-.158 0-.096.066-.134.356-.205-.012-.08-.017-.142-.017-.183 0-.048.006-.094.025-.197l.058-.306c.023-.123.035-.211.035-.264s-.009-.098-.06-.263a.9.9 0 0 0-.074-.19c-.027-.042-.05-.094-.05-.113 0-.029.02-.045.057-.045.082 0 .298.131.522.316.474.392.572.549.637 1.023l.025.166c.227.167.347.369.347.585a1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.165.529l-.166.256a.5.5 0 0 0-.074.273c0 .155.045.298.157.494.127.223.235.314.368.314.218 0 .409-.379.409-.81v-.058l-.001-.149c0-.084.005-.167.018-.272l.024-.24.009-.199.003-.13c0-.046-.024-.093-.086-.158l-.181-.198c-.263-.287-.407-.556-.407-.757a.42.42 0 0 1 .422-.439.6.6 0 0 1 .175.032v-.056c0-.364.075-.633.175-.633l.04.013.149.132.181.116.05.049c0-.102.005-.113.108-.232.025-.028.063-.081.115-.157l.082-.124.042-.074c.022-.042.044-.062.068-.062s.042.03.072.12c.019.056.032.071.174.198.049.044.083.081.098.108s.036.078.067.164l.025.067a.5.5 0 0 1 .165-.149l.124-.074c.046-.028.078-.043.092-.043s.026.02.041.05.035.07.066.124c.088.153.117.227.117.299l-.002.081V1.9c.271.085.373.225.373.517 0 .21-.11.451-.323.705-.142.169-.158.202-.158.32 0 .611.426.965 1.175.976l.553.008c.356.006.569.041.9.148.393.128.507.158.621.158.038 0 .076-.012.107-.034s.049-.049.049-.073c0-.116-.203-.209-.867-.397-1.363-.386-1.941-.934-1.941-1.836 0-.697.58-1.237 1.33-1.237a2.89 2.89 0 0 1 .826.141l.338.124c.062.023.122.035.178.035.115 0 .174-.096.177-.291.003-.104.026-.14.094-.14.095 0 .242.119.377.306s.224.401.224.542c0 .188-.088.319-.29.432-.185.282-.414.412-.72.412-.239 0-.578-.135-1.139-.454-.196-.111-.295-.148-.398-.148-.146 0-.241.084-.241.214 0 .119.092.196.334.28.357.125.445.174.586.323.421.073.604.146.868.346.725.23 1.175.724 1.175 1.291 0 .551-.373.947-.892.947a1.6 1.6 0 0 1-.391-.05z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M9.021 9.083a.91.91 0 0 1-.03-.199l.006-.065.025-.132.009-.107c0-.115-.019-.196-.058-.248L8.872 8.2c-.032-.044-.061-.097-.082-.158-.011-.03-.017-.054-.017-.069 0-.037.023-.061.06-.061.022 0 .031.004.106.048.032.019.06.028.081.028.049 0 .076-.08.076-.22 0-.159-.015-.248-.05-.288l-.124-.14-.107-.091c-.026-.022-.044-.05-.044-.072 0-.035.027-.06.067-.06s.117.018.183.042l.038.008c.034 0 .047-.02.047-.068l-.002-.03-.025-.174-.049-.181c-.016-.059-.025-.068-.063-.068l-.021.003-.206.041-.033.003c-.271 0-.557-.228-.644-.515l-.165-.537c-.051-.166-.175-.323-.397-.504-.067-.055-.124-.086-.165-.09l-.149-.017c-.027-.003-.045-.019-.045-.041 0-.034.032-.049.103-.049l.272.024a2.14 2.14 0 0 1 .446.116c.247.085.414.121.554.121.413 0 .661-.223.661-.597 0-.256-.134-.545-.338-.731-.117-.104-.233-.182-.273-.182-.023 0-.042.019-.042.044l.008.105v.01c0 .041-.024.073-.057.073-.042 0-.089-.054-.143-.165-.156-.325-.404-.518-.661-.518-.043 0-.074.018-.074.044 0 .017.013.057.041.119l.066.148a.28.28 0 0 1 .027.076c0 .009-.016.018-.035.018-.038 0-.098-.034-.14-.078l-.123-.132-.108-.166c-.086-.132-.155-.192-.339-.289l-.198-.107c-.038-.022-.073-.033-.103-.033s-.044.014-.044.043.011.058.032.09c.061.094.085.141.085.166s-.019.049-.043.049c-.064 0-.197-.13-.315-.305-.097-.145-.149-.307-.149-.464 0-.355.259-.619.61-.619.181 0 .41.077.621.207l.388.24a1.02 1.02 0 0 0 .452.149 1.11 1.11 0 0 0 .242-.042c.036-.01.07-.023.099-.041.023-.014.039-.032.039-.046s-.009-.032-.023-.036l-.049-.016-.182-.034c-.047-.008-.122-.036-.223-.083l-.414-.206a1.61 1.61 0 0 0-.272-.156c-.067-.023-.109-.053-.109-.079s.013-.036.037-.036.054.011.088.032c.122.076.228.116.306.116l.355.124c.176.062.433.116.549.116.15 0 .271-.122.271-.273a.72.72 0 0 0-.143-.362c-.019-.027-.039-.042-.056-.042-.033 0-.051.024-.051.066l.008.067.013.098c0 .107-.072.191-.164.191a.44.44 0 0 1-.13-.026l-.537-.173c-.45-.145-.658-.19-.884-.19-.642.001-1.132.442-1.132 1.022 0 .657.462 1.081 1.603 1.472 1.123.385 1.281.479 1.281.768 0 .166-.168.314-.356.314a1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.198-.017l-.562-.132a4.18 4.18 0 0 0-1.028-.116c-.81 0-1.26.142-1.649.521-.097.095-.129.109-.241.109l-.056-.002-.116-.008h-.015c-.097 0-.169.045-.233.149l-.141.223c-.023.031-.058.049-.094.049-.074 0-.119-.056-.203-.256a.7.7 0 0 0-.173-.249l-.165-.149c-.027-.024-.042-.046-.042-.063s.012-.045.033-.077c.079-.115.107-.166.116-.215.022-.11.025-.115.071-.115s.066.051.07.24a.6.6 0 0 0 .067.223l.091.198c.011.026.041.042.074.042.085 0 .194-.201.223-.413.024-.177.042-.232.079-.232.015 0 .029.006.036.017s.034.061.074.148a.33.33 0 0 0 .108.124.34.34 0 0 0 .099.058l.01.001c.067 0 .09-.044.106-.2l.008-.082-.017-.116-.012-.08c0-.053.019-.085.049-.085.018 0 .04.012.062.033l.083.083c.055.054.11.082.163.082.069 0 .111-.028.111-.073 0-.04-.015-.079-.076-.191l-.058-.107c-.066-.125-.119-.174-.181-.174l-.083.008-.099.041c-.03.012-.052.019-.065.019s-.026-.014-.026-.033c0-.074.048-.191.14-.336.065-.105.11-.328.132-.649.028-.431.086-.711.146-.711.041 0 .057.035.057.127l-.004.113-.003.079c0 .077.017.139.037.139.071 0 .155-.105.222-.276.028-.072.043-.128.043-.168l-.009-.038-.165-.306-.165-.049c-.031-.009-.051-.023-.058-.037V1.9v-.09l-.016-.1-.033-.083-.041-.091c-.181.098-.267.163-.331.247s-.101.12-.133.12c-.021 0-.04-.02-.04-.044s.008-.065.025-.134l.005-.046c0-.178-.108-.352-.286-.465l-.05.066-.058.083-.099.116a.48.48 0 0 0-.083.165.32.32 0 0 0-.017.094v.013l.001.03c0 .069-.007.086-.038.086l-.02-.009-.058-.082-.09-.099-.14-.091-.074-.058-.033.074c-.026.058-.04.102-.041.133l-.009.132-.008.14.001.024c0 .072-.017.1-.061.1-.015 0-.057-.018-.097-.041a.24.24 0 0 0-.12-.034c-.129 0-.211.089-.211.228 0 .165.049.323.133.433l.107.14c.03.037.084.07.087.049l.02-.173-.025-.14-.005-.063c0-.053.018-.086.049-.086.047 0 .075.051.105.19l.066.306.067.388a1.54 1.54 0 0 0 .099.33 1.71 1.71 0 0 0 .141.289c.092.118.102.134.102.16 0 .02-.017.038-.035.038s-.043-.009-.074-.025a.34.34 0 0 0-.099-.033l-.065-.009c-.133 0-.16.114-.16.665a3.35 3.35 0 0 0 .159 1.012l.173.438a.54.54 0 0 1 .041.205c0 .602-.799 1.547-1.677 1.983-.327.161-.431.317-.454.676l-.008.108a1.15 1.15 0 0 1 .28-.116c.246-.064.294-.095.331-.215l.032-.107c.013-.04.033-.055.223-.157.065-.034.111-.072.133-.107.041-.07.076-.107.098-.107s.032.01.032.027l-.007.029-.082.236-.01.058c0 .175.096.317.274.408.029-.191.049-.256.108-.346l.148-.231c.055-.086.078-.19.078-.353a1.53 1.53 0 0 0-.02-.258l-.006-.065c0-.042.022-.066.058-.066.029 0 .052.01.055.024l.033.157c.006.034.041.058.08.058.08 0 .183-.103.291-.289a.44.44 0 0 0 .061-.219l-.012-.112-.025-.123-.002-.024c0-.054.03-.092.073-.092.019 0 .034.007.037.016l.049.191c.017.063.061.107.107.107.056 0 .151-.096.207-.207a.73.73 0 0 0 .075-.338c0-.176.018-.227.083-.227.021 0 .037.007.041.02l.033.107c.013.039.036.065.059.065.034 0 .127-.1.189-.206.017-.027.025-.055.025-.077 0-.035-.024-.071-.075-.113-.086-.071-.091-.082-.091-.19s.017-.158.091-.289l.107-.198c.104-.204.142-.257.18-.257.032 0 .06.034.06.073 0 .022-.006.045-.017.068a.28.28 0 0 0-.033.098c0 .032.027.059.061.059s.088-.017.146-.05c.022-.013.099-.042.231-.091l.273-.099a.49.49 0 0 1 .165-.025.66.66 0 0 1 .148.017l.191.034c.075 0 .141-.064.141-.138 0-.055-.057-.163-.133-.251-.028-.033-.042-.058-.042-.075l.01-.033c.011-.02.028-.033.044-.033.056 0 .186.139.303.323.711 1.119.966 1.39 1.446 1.535.486.148.613.261.613.55 0 .158-.081.341-.258.589-.36.503-.447.706-.447 1.038v.061l.091-.042c.067-.034.112-.054.132-.058l.206-.041c.062-.013.117-.092.117-.169l-.001-.021-.025-.182-.002-.024c0-.064.032-.138.076-.174.014-.01.028-.018.043-.018.023 0 .051.022.065.051l.132.28c.054.115.117.169.288.248zm-6.66-5.985c-.06 0-.091.052-.097.165l-.016.156-.02.2c0 .118.035.205.083.205s.135-.101.177-.216c.025-.07.037-.13.037-.193 0-.055-.013-.121-.037-.187-.03-.084-.076-.132-.126-.132zm-.685-1.205l.116.115c.189.188.282.501.282.945 0 .098-.005.163-.026.425l-.017.34c0 1.024.333 1.798.774 1.798.139 0 .229-.066.359-.264.021-.032.054-.06.075-.06s.039.021.041.068l.017.182.017.156.016.174.025.157.002.02c0 .046-.02.072-.059.079l-.149.025c-.074.012-.152.043-.231.091-.125.075-.199.132-.215.165l-.091.19c-.013.024-.032.041-.052.041-.048 0-.125-.084-.213-.231-.075-.126-.121-.228-.121-.27 0-.026.02-.036.073-.036h.016l.107.008.066-.008.075-.008c.028-.004.05-.028.05-.058 0-.022-.014-.041-.033-.049l-.371-.158a.58.58 0 0 1-.281-.272c-.102-.196-.15-.313-.15-.371 0-.051.027-.085.067-.085.014 0 .034.006.058.018a.33.33 0 0 0 .105.033c.032 0 .061-.025.061-.052s-.03-.062-.066-.089c-.31-.225-.488-.484-.488-.707 0-.062.015-.092.048-.092l.06.007.107.016h.005c.04 0 .071-.026.071-.064 0-.023-.028-.054-.068-.076l-.132-.074c-.046-.029-.085-.068-.115-.116a7.22 7.22 0 0 1-.14-.264l-.116-.223-.075-.14a.75.75 0 0 0-.05-.066.52.52 0 0 1 .257-.067c.113 0 .184.074.264.273.05.126.105.211.136.211.016 0 .021-.027.021-.097a.94.94 0 0 0-.034-.246c-.02-.075-.029-.137-.025-.182l-.016-.116-.099-.05c-.022-.01-.048-.04-.075-.082-.046-.072-.066-.133-.066-.188 0-.035.009-.092.025-.15.084-.315.108-.438.108-.54l-.001-.071.075.082z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M2.666 7.846c-.115-.017-.169-.03-.24-.058l-.157-.065c-.133-.057-.233-.084-.316-.084-.125 0-.227.042-.344.141l.074.057.165.116.157.124a.22.22 0 0 0 .136.05c.162 0 .303-.076.525-.281zm3.179 1.503c.045-.103.067-.131.165-.215.231-.198.338-.345.338-.462v-.083-.099c0-.106.018-.141.073-.141.025 0 .044.01.051.025l.041.098c.01.023.037.038.07.038s.079-.038.121-.096l.083-.115c.041-.058.06-.107.06-.161a.27.27 0 0 0-.018-.095l-.058-.132a.39.39 0 0 1-.034-.129c0-.054.027-.086.074-.086.024 0 .046.01.059.026l.066.082c.014.018.038.029.063.029.03 0 .065-.029.086-.07l.066-.132c.017-.033.026-.059.026-.074 0-.026-.027-.052-.075-.075l-.107-.05c-.142-.065-.249-.292-.249-.529a.24.24 0 0 1 .017-.09l.058-.141a.33.33 0 0 0 .025-.132c0-.086-.028-.172-.083-.256l-.108-.173c-.049-.13-.074-.167-.114-.167l-.042.01-.058.033-.091.05-.107.133-.115.057c-.069.035-.135.182-.135.303 0 .215.024.274.307.762.11.188.168.352.168.472 0 .338-.303.579-.911.725l-.38.091c-.28.067-.445.259-.504.587.116-.06.161-.068.366-.068l.122.002h.019c.11 0 .125-.008.195-.107.082-.114.162-.182.273-.23l.132-.058.107-.058.033-.009c.03 0 .046.012.046.034 0 .032-.03.086-.078.14-.095.106-.132.194-.132.32 0 .08.019.126.091.217z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M4.805 8.068a.95.95 0 0 1 .248.223c.079.108.09.116.168.116.033 0 .074-.006.121-.017l.074-.016c.136-.026.183-.046.183-.08 0-.02-.015-.045-.042-.069l-.091-.082-.091-.083a.45.45 0 0 0-.273-.093c-.099 0-.157.02-.298.101zm2.679.447l.049-.009.075-.008.074.008.036.003c.183 0 .36-.155.36-.319 0-.057-.052-.088-.146-.088-.223 0-.362.128-.449.414z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M4.402 2.81c.009.076.049.14.089.14.035 0 .075-.091.161-.237.117-.198.229-.392.229-.497 0-.035-.017-.062-.041-.062l-.008.003-.091.083c-.066.06-.118.088-.281.148-.093.036-.127.073-.127.141l.012.066.041.116.017.099z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M3.896 2.379l.14.075c.039.02.06.047.06.08l-.01.052c-.02.07-.004.147-.005.176-.007.148-.119.146-.165.146-.027 0-.013-.017-.078-.091l-.182-.206c-.056-.063-.105-.208-.124-.371l-.001-.021c0-.045.014-.062.05-.062.022 0 .063.018.091.042l.223.181zm.323.867h-.045l-.095-.009a3.81 3.81 0 0 1-.099-.059c-.037-.022-.078-.033-.118-.033-.075 0-.123.041-.123.104s.033.181.109.367l.108.264c.094.232.186.331.307.331.108 0 .123-.106.196-.289.165-.415.257-.476.257-.623 0-.1-.022-.127-.113-.127l-.077-.018-.132.084-.174.008z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M4.212 3.477h-.107c-.016 0-.032.009-.041.025l-.016.041.041.198.033.173c.018.095.053.133.124.133.081 0 .131-.055.14-.157l.016-.182.016-.188c0-.018-.009-.036-.025-.051s-.027-.018-.041-.018l-.008.001-.132.025z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M14.987 10.884c-.072-.176-.245-.3-.447-.3s-.375.124-.447.3h-.705c-.072-.176-.245-.3-.447-.3s-.375.124-.447.3h-.705c-.072-.176-.245-.3-.447-.3s-.375.124-.447.3H9.98v4.28h.81v1.641h.95v-1.64h2.399v1.64h.949v-1.64h.809v-4.28h-.911z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M10.965 15.539h.492v.632h-.492v-.632zm0 .774h.492v.2h-.492v-.2zm3.351-.774h.492v.632h-.492v-.632zm0 .774h.492v.2h-.492v-.2z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g fill="#e73337" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M10.309 11.234h5.256v.195h-5.256v-.195zm.002 3.599h5.254v-3.22h-5.256l.002 3.22z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><use xlink:href="#B" data-v-7c4b1471></use><path d="M12.715 11.1c0-.124.101-.225.225-.225s.225.101.225.225v.591c0 .124-.101.225-.225.225s-.225-.101-.225-.225V11.1zm1.598 0c0-.124.101-.225.225-.225s.225.101.225.225v.591c0 .124-.101.225-.225.225s-.225-.101-.225-.225V11.1zm-2.633 2.158c.339.424.766.633 1.294.633.489 0 .826-.175 1.222-.633-.395-.405-.763-.575-1.246-.575-.508 0-.966.207-1.27.575z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M12.938 12.873c-.364 0-.659.113-1.008.383.289.286.629.433 1.002.433.42 0 .694-.116 1.006-.425-.358-.284-.633-.391-1-.391zm-.014.483c-.195 0-.36-.052-.569-.183.174-.094.37-.142.578-.142a1.38 1.38 0 0 1 .597.142 1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.605.183zm2.079 1.191c-.157 0-.284-.127-.284-.283s.127-.284.284-.284.284.127.284.284-.127.283-.284.283z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M15.002 14.049c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.097.215.216.215.216-.097.216-.215-.097-.216-.216-.216z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M10.887 14.547c-.161 0-.293-.127-.293-.283s.127-.284.284-.284.284.127.284.284a.28.28 0 0 1-.275.283z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M10.876 14.049c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.101.215.225.215c.114 0 .208-.097.208-.215s-.097-.216-.216-.216z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M10.877 12.593c-.156 0-.284-.127-.284-.284s.127-.283.284-.283.284.127.284.283-.128.284-.284.284z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><use xlink:href="#C" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></use><path d="M15.003 12.593c-.157 0-.284-.127-.284-.284s.127-.283.284-.283.284.127.284.283-.127.284-.284.284z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M15.002 12.092c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.097.216.216.216.216-.097.216-.216-.097-.216-.216-.216z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><defs data-v-7c4b1471><clipPath id="A" data-v-7c4b1471><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h148.235v30H0z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></clipPath><path id="B" d="M11.113 11.1c0-.124.101-.225.225-.225s.225.101.225.225v.591c0 .124-.101.225-.225.225s-.225-.101-.225-.225V11.1z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path id="C" d="M10.876 12.092c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.097.216.216.216.216-.097.216-.216-.097-.216-.216-.216z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></defs></svg></a></div><div class="gh-navAndProfile"><nav class="gh-nav"><div class="gh-accordion gh-mobile-nav"><div class="gh-menu-layer"><div class="gh-logo-mobile-container"><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/academic"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="149" height="30" viewbox="0 0 149 30" fill="none" aria-label="Homepage Cambridge University Press" class="gh-logo" data-v-7c4b1471><g clip-path="url(#A)" data-v-7c4b1471><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M147.065 1.786l.036 2.785-.445.114c-.1-1.217-.376-2.211-2.324-2.211h-2.618v5.147h2.247c1.103 0 1.402-.616 1.527-1.679h.447v4.304l-.446.007c-.069-1.029-.311-1.829-1.518-1.829h-2.257v4.52c0 1.314 1.133 1.314 2.332 1.314 2.151 0 3.149-.135 3.75-2.31l.441.098-.602 2.901h-9.774v-.482h.186c.75 0 1.443-.14 1.443-1.162V3.43c0-1.022-.693-1.163-1.443-1.163h-.186v-.481h9.204zm-53.267 0h-5.895v.481h.26c.486 0 1.388 0 1.388 1.525v9.569c0 .815-.748 1.104-1.388 1.104h-.26v.482h5.724v-.482h-.261c-.932 0-1.591-.115-1.591-1.6V8.766h1.454l3.918 6.18h3.371v-.492c-.889-.048-1.311-.356-1.828-1.153l-3.23-4.915.085-.035c1.152-.466 2.615-1.414 2.615-3.286 0-2.207-1.447-3.28-4.363-3.28zm-.749.536c1.685 0 2.804 1.123 2.804 2.858 0 2.138-.903 3.051-2.953 3.051h-1.125l.001-5.826a8.87 8.87 0 0 1 1.273-.083zm13.772-.539h-5.501v.481h.186c.751 0 1.443.142 1.443 1.163V13.3c0 1.021-.692 1.162-1.443 1.162h-.186v.481h5.501v-.481h-.186c-.75 0-1.444-.14-1.444-1.162V3.427c0-1.021.694-1.163 1.444-1.163h.186v-.481zM31.488 8.355c0 4.435 2.709 6.939 6.956 6.939 2.089 0 3.924-.818 5.112-2.354l-.345-.644c-1.055 1.355-2.452 2.089-4.412 2.089-3.487 0-4.927-3.074-4.927-6.324 0-3.652 1.781-5.919 4.647-5.919 2.79 0 3.616 1.617 4.112 3.383l.433-.056-.139-3.046c-1.373-.641-2.776-.945-4.46-.945-1.88 0-3.545.638-4.814 1.775-1.367 1.224-2.162 3.146-2.162 5.102zM59.883 4.33l4.761 10.706h.397l4.553-10.921.401 8.416.019.944c0 .893-.643.931-1.533.984l-.036.002v.475h5.464v-.475c-1.008-.038-1.544-.13-1.622-1.151l-.509-8.729c-.112-1.86.151-2.32 1.632-2.32h.07l.001-.485h-3.654l-4.231 9.975-4.472-9.974h-3.727v.479h.152c1.046 0 1.669.644 1.602 1.779l-.516 8.32c-.069 1.215-.161 2.046-1.657 2.106h-.169v.478h4.439v-.478h-.113c-1.21-.045-1.768-.203-1.689-2.003l.437-8.128zm55.196 10.61c1.826 0 3.63-.436 4.919-1.712 1.28-1.27 2.015-3.056 2.015-4.9 0-1.974-.668-3.636-1.93-4.81-1.28-1.191-3.113-1.741-5.301-1.741l-5.887.005v.482h.187c.749 0 1.443.141 1.443 1.162v9.871c0 1.023-.694 1.163-1.443 1.163h-.187v.483l6.184-.004zM114.1 2.349c3.704 0 5.505 1.986 5.505 6.347 0 2.806-1.514 5.669-4.841 5.669-1.413 0-2.003-.225-2.003-1.621l.001-10.334a17.99 17.99 0 0 1 1.338-.062zm19.119 11.918c-.493.224-1.326.347-2.132.33-3.496 0-5.062-3.303-5.062-6.636 0-3.628 1.855-5.882 4.914-5.882 2.267 0 3.277.887 3.823 3.15l.441-.028-.209-3.141c-1.018-.34-2.623-.651-4.184-.651-3.487 0-7.192 2.112-7.192 6.746 0 4.357 2.81 7.173 7.156 7.173 1.801 0 3.422-.307 4.63-.695l.002-3.592c0-.706.374-1.079 1.082-1.079h.153v-.47h-5.062v.47h.154c.973 0 1.487.374 1.487 1.079l-.001 3.226zM80.916 8.129c2.063 0 3.294 1.147 3.294 3.168 0 1.797-1.21 3.117-2.814 3.117-1.336 0-1.746-.368-1.746-1.654V8.129h1.265zm-.073-5.86c1.733 0 2.612.865 2.612 2.723 0 1.682-.999 2.562-2.813 2.562h-.991V2.269h1.192zm1.507 5.51c1.616-.261 3.451-1.032 3.451-3.117 0-1.883-1.511-2.878-4.256-2.878l-5.846.003v.481h.261c.484 0 1.387 0 1.387 1.524v9.548c0 .817-.748 1.121-1.387 1.121h-.261v.477l6.451.001c2.463 0 4.358-1.655 4.358-3.72 0-.866-.303-1.609-.877-2.195-.742-.759-1.624-1.124-3.281-1.245zM50.387 1.784l4.289 11.418c.318.903.783 1.258 1.463 1.258h.04l-.001.486H51.08v-.486h.116c.991 0 1.38-.415 1.082-1.327L51.24 10.24h-4.149l-.956 2.654c-.42 1.245.237 1.553 1.201 1.553h.174l.001.494h-4.008l.002-.494h.045c.811 0 1.358-.498 1.668-1.305 0-.001 4.18-11.36 4.18-11.36l.992.002zm-3.065 7.81h3.684l-1.84-5.127-1.845 5.127zM32.257 20.335c.66 0 .829.18.829.672v4.573c0 1.56 1.153 2.449 3.111 2.449 1.982 0 3.063-1.02 3.063-2.677v-4.141c0-.744.18-.876.793-.876v-.348l-1.093.024a30.18 30.18 0 0 1-1.237-.024v.348c.625.012.925.012.925 1.116v3.997c0 1.272-.757 2.077-2.102 2.077-1.333 0-2.054-.84-2.054-2.089v-4.43c0-.612.264-.672.781-.672h.084v-.348l-1.573.024c-.409 0-.841-.012-1.526-.024v.348zm9.028 0c.829.024 1.237.312 1.237.732v5.33c0 .78-.252 1.056-1.177 1.068v.348l1.429-.024a43.1 43.1 0 0 1 1.453.024v-.348h-.048c-.877 0-1.165-.336-1.165-1.128v-4.982l5.909 6.686h.312v-6.578c0-.6.216-1.128.853-1.128h.264v-.348l-1.429.024c-.288 0-.757-.012-1.393-.024v.348c.853 0 1.213.192 1.213 1.14v4.189l-5.045-5.678-1.081.024c-.432 0-.877-.012-1.333-.024v.348h0zm13.441 7.13c-.685-.012-.853-.12-.853-.66v-5.678c0-.672.168-.792.877-.792v-.348l-1.501.024c-.564 0-1.177-.012-1.633-.024v.348c.673 0 .865.18.865.696v5.462c0 .78-.168.972-.901.972v.348c.36-.012.709-.024 1.622-.024a56.45 56.45 0 0 1 1.525.024v-.348h0zm1.293-7.13c.601.012.829.072.973.432l2.931 7.238h.372l2.739-6.878c.132-.336.216-.492.288-.588.096-.12.18-.204.444-.204h.072v-.348l-1.057.024c-.325 0-.565-.012-1.057-.024v.348c.517.012.853.012.853.3 0 .144-.06.336-.156.6L60.631 26l-1.886-4.681c-.144-.348-.18-.528-.18-.66 0-.312.324-.312.829-.324v-.348l-1.742.024c-.541 0-.973-.012-1.633-.024v.348h0zm8.959 0c.877 0 1.009.084 1.009.744v5.642c0 .54-.132.732-1.009.744v.348l2.774-.024 3.375.012.42-1.789h-.312c-.204.552-.336.78-.468.924a1.14 1.14 0 0 1-.589.312c-.252.06-.709.096-1.381.096-.541 0-.865-.048-1.069-.156-.216-.108-.325-.312-.325-.732V23.96h1.55c.492 0 .829.156.829.816v.192l.3-.06c-.012-.324-.036-.648-.036-1.428l.012-.996h-.3c0 .708-.192.948-.877.948h-1.478v-2.977l1.502-.036c.829 0 1.021.084 1.201.24.168.156.288.348.372 1.02l.312-.12c-.036-.456-.048-.9-.048-1.116 0-.156.012-.348.012-.456l-3.231.024c-.853 0-1.694-.012-2.546-.024v.348h0zm7.686 0h.06c.745 0 .937.108.937.792v5.522c0 .612-.144.816-.949.816h-.06v.348a76.17 76.17 0 0 1 1.778-.024l1.682.024v-.348h-.084c-.757 0-.961-.192-.961-.624V24.14h.757l.588 1.068a22.31 22.31 0 0 0 .697 1.092l.672 1.032c.264.408.409.48.613.48.252 0 .793-.024 1.189-.024.276 0 .516.012.817.024v-.348a1.26 1.26 0 0 1-.913-.336c-.228-.204-.516-.552-.841-1.044L77.18 23.9c1.057-.396 1.621-1.044 1.621-1.957 0-1.26-.961-1.957-2.895-1.957l-1.982.024c-.288 0-.757-.012-1.261-.024v.348h0zm2.402.084c.192-.06.421-.084.613-.084 1.057 0 1.681.6 1.681 1.753 0 .828-.36 1.224-.673 1.416-.24.144-.516.228-.961.228h-.661v-3.313zm9.104-.624c-1.501 0-2.534.888-2.534 2.317 0 1.188.757 1.813 1.814 2.341.865.432 1.609.804 1.609 1.693 0 .66-.492 1.404-1.526 1.404-1.057 0-1.501-.684-1.826-1.765l-.3.048c.036.156.096.648.168 1.62.697.324 1.297.504 1.994.504 1.417 0 2.654-.876 2.654-2.317 0-.936-.48-1.704-1.802-2.389-1.153-.6-1.694-.936-1.694-1.68 0-.6.444-1.369 1.465-1.369.757 0 1.177.42 1.369 1.332l.312-.036c-.06-.504-.12-1.092-.12-1.549l-.757-.084c-.432-.048-.697-.072-.829-.072zm6.391 7.671c-.685-.012-.853-.12-.853-.66v-5.678c0-.672.168-.792.877-.792v-.348l-1.502.024c-.564 0-1.177-.012-1.633-.024v.348c.673 0 .865.18.865.696v5.462c0 .78-.168.972-.901.972v.348c.36-.012.709-.024 1.621-.024a56.9 56.9 0 0 1 1.525.024v-.348zm1.517-5.966c.144-.792.409-1.044 1.333-1.044h1.633v6.002c0 .936-.192 1.008-.901 1.008h-.156v.348l1.79-.024 1.766.024v-.348c-.865-.012-1.105-.156-1.105-.864v-6.146h1.67c.432 0 .721.072.865.216.132.132.204.264.24.9l.276-.108c0-.408 0-.852.144-1.789l-.204-.096c-.18.3-.288.396-.673.396h-5.933c-.348 0-.529-.132-.613-.396h-.252a10.45 10.45 0 0 1-.216 1.921h.336zm8.746-1.164c.433 0 .745.048.913.276l2.558 3.469v2.653c0 .672-.216.72-1.045.732v.348l1.826-.024 1.694.024v-.348c-.853 0-1.057-.144-1.057-.624v-3.085l2.126-2.977c.252-.348.504-.444.828-.444v-.348l-1.045.024c-.252 0-.672-.012-1.213-.024v.348c.493.012.793.024.793.24 0 .12-.144.348-.24.492l-1.477 2.221-1.73-2.329c-.156-.216-.18-.324-.18-.384 0-.204.288-.228.624-.24v-.348l-1.693.024c-.565 0-.889-.012-1.682-.024v.348zm14.689.036c.12-.012.36-.036.636-.036 1.405 0 1.453 1.729 1.453 1.981 0 1.116-.492 1.717-1.465 1.717h-.06v.312h.18c1.393 0 1.874-.408 2.198-.744.264-.276.565-.768.565-1.488 0-1.236-.805-2.125-2.607-2.125l-1.717.024c-.385 0-.985-.012-1.442-.024v.348c.565 0 .853.036.853.708v5.63c0 .672-.24.792-.865.792v.348l1.586-.024 1.838.024v-.348c-.649 0-1.154 0-1.154-.756l.001-6.338zm4.466-.036h.06c.744 0 .937.108.937.792v5.522c0 .612-.145.816-.949.816h-.06v.348c.42-.012 1.225-.024 1.777-.024l1.682.024v-.348h-.084c-.757 0-.961-.192-.961-.624V24.14h.757l.588 1.068c.216.372.529.84.697 1.092l.672 1.032c.265.408.409.48.613.48.252 0 .793-.024 1.189-.024.276 0 .517.012.817.024v-.348a1.26 1.26 0 0 1-.913-.336c-.228-.204-.516-.552-.841-1.044l-1.465-2.185c1.057-.396 1.621-1.044 1.621-1.957 0-1.26-.96-1.957-2.894-1.957l-1.982.024c-.288 0-.757-.012-1.261-.024v.348h0zm2.402.084a2.15 2.15 0 0 1 .613-.084c1.057 0 1.681.6 1.681 1.753 0 .828-.36 1.224-.673 1.416-.24.144-.516.228-.96.228h-.661V20.42zm6.516-.084c.877 0 1.009.084 1.009.744v5.642c0 .54-.132.732-1.009.744v.348l2.775-.024 3.375.012.42-1.789h-.312c-.204.552-.336.78-.469.924-.144.144-.3.24-.588.312-.252.06-.709.096-1.381.096-.541 0-.865-.048-1.069-.156-.217-.108-.325-.312-.325-.732V23.96h1.55c.492 0 .828.156.828.816v.192l.301-.06c-.012-.324-.036-.648-.036-1.428l.012-.996h-.301c0 .708-.192.948-.876.948h-1.478v-2.977l1.502-.036c.828 0 1.021.084 1.201.24.168.156.288.348.372 1.02l.312-.12c-.036-.456-.048-.9-.048-1.116 0-.156.012-.348.012-.456l-3.231.024c-.852 0-1.693-.012-2.546-.024v.348zm10.51-.54c-1.501 0-2.534.888-2.534 2.317 0 1.188.757 1.813 1.813 2.341.865.432 1.61.804 1.61 1.693 0 .66-.492 1.404-1.526 1.404-1.056 0-1.501-.684-1.825-1.765l-.3.048c.036.156.096.648.168 1.62.696.324 1.297.504 1.994.504 1.417 0 2.654-.876 2.654-2.317 0-.936-.481-1.704-1.802-2.389-1.153-.6-1.693-.936-1.693-1.68 0-.6.444-1.369 1.465-1.369.757 0 1.177.42 1.369 1.332l.313-.036c-.06-.504-.12-1.092-.12-1.549l-.757-.084c-.432-.048-.697-.072-.829-.072zm6.233 0c-1.501 0-2.534.888-2.534 2.317 0 1.188.757 1.813 1.813 2.341.865.432 1.61.804 1.61 1.693 0 .66-.493 1.404-1.526 1.404-1.056 0-1.501-.684-1.825-1.765l-.3.048c.036.156.096.648.168 1.62.696.324 1.297.504 1.994.504 1.417 0 2.654-.876 2.654-2.317 0-.936-.48-1.704-1.802-2.389-1.153-.6-1.693-.936-1.693-1.68 0-.6.444-1.369 1.465-1.369.757 0 1.177.42 1.369 1.332l.313-.036c-.06-.504-.12-1.092-.12-1.549l-.757-.084c-.432-.048-.697-.072-.829-.072zM0 0v15.599c0 7.67 4.03 9.859 5.967 10.911.356.193 6.333 3.162 6.715 3.352l.258.138.257-.137 6.716-3.352C21.85 25.459 25.88 23.27 25.88 15.6V0H0z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M12.939 29.365l2.633-1.309V15.762h9.746l.001-.163V10.5h-9.747V.559h-5.266V10.5H.559v5.099l.001.163h9.746v12.294l2.633 1.309z" fill="#fff" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g fill="#e73337" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M.559.559h9.747V10.5H.559V.559zm15.015 0h9.747V10.5h-9.747V.559zm-5.269 15.205H.559c.056 7.126 3.712 9.191 5.674 10.256.199.108 2.281 1.146 4.073 2.038V15.764zm5.269 0v12.294l4.073-2.038c1.961-1.065 5.618-3.13 5.673-10.256h-9.746z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M19.073 13.234l.201-.239-.254-.302-.255.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.1 3.1 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.59-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.255.302.202.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.09 3.09 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.053.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm1.586 1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.612 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.586-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.485-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.053.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm-6.348 0l.201-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zM3.733 13.234l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.59-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.612 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014 0 0 .048.275.178.588.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.586 1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.255.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.485-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.313.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.586-1.791l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.485-.014 0 0 .049.274.179.588.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.053.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm-6.348 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.12 3.12 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.551zm10.844 5.803l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.202.239c.003.121.01 1.175-.612 1.551 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.551zm0 5.387l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.612 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.48-2.694l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .178.589c.131-.314.179-.589.179-.589.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.09 3.09 0 0 0 .179.589c.131-.314.179-.589.179-.589.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm2.957 5.387l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.11 3.11 0 0 0 .178.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.121.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.477-20.59l.201-.239-.254-.302-.254.302.202.239c.003.12.01 1.175-.612 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.12 3.12 0 0 0 .179.588c.13-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.615-1.431-.611-1.552zm1.48-2.693l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014 0 0 .048.275.178.588.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.13 3.13 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm2.957 5.387l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.1 3.1 0 0 0 .178.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.485.014.485.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm-2.957 0l.202-.239-.255-.302-.254.302.201.239c.003.12.011 1.175-.611 1.552 0 0 .207.04.486-.014a3.07 3.07 0 0 0 .179.588c.131-.314.179-.588.179-.588.278.054.486.014.486.014-.622-.377-.614-1.431-.611-1.552zm11.221 13.502c.144.19.346.314.512.314a1.06 1.06 0 0 0 .223-.034.43.43 0 0 1 .11-.016c.04 0 .057.015.057.052a.56.56 0 0 1-.043.155c-.026.062-.043.112-.049.148l-.033.173-.083.148-.115.107-.033.034v.074.037c0 .202-.06.316-.223.425-.013.008-.033.022-.058.041l-.017.067-.082.288a1.73 1.73 0 0 1-.157.231c-.1.131-.165.237-.206.338-.034.083-.06.107-.114.107-.081 0-.162-.102-.176-.222a.42.42 0 0 1-.041.05l-.098.066-.158.107-.131.099-.091.091c-.016.016-.033.025-.047.025-.042 0-.085-.071-.126-.207l-.082-.271c-.022-.073-.034-.163-.034-.267 0-.137.009-.185.058-.295-.165.017-.212.027-.297.058a.29.29 0 0 1-.072.016c-.027 0-.044-.019-.044-.051a.51.51 0 0 1 .033-.122l.108-.28a.7.7 0 0 1 .566-.416.72.72 0 0 1 .211.044.45.45 0 0 0 .125.026c.096 0 .172-.07.172-.158 0-.044-.029-.091-.066-.108-.014-.007-.113-.037-.297-.091-.139-.041-.208-.092-.364-.273-.113-.131-.158-.168-.199-.168-.032 0-.049.021-.049.058l.008.11.003.051c0 .229-.068.448-.234.75l-.232.42c-.11.2-.157.352-.157.504 0 .166.072.313.165.339l.124.032a.09.09 0 0 1 .041.026c.011.013.026.034.026.047s-.015.046-.042.076c-.015.016-.064.08-.149.189-.142.186-.232.253-.405.305-.1.242-.263.383-.554.479l-.033.057c-.098.174-.317.331-.456.331h-.032c-.018.151-.126.308-.289.421l-.19.139a.34.34 0 0 0-.041.075c-.037.082-.072.116-.118.116-.088 0-.161-.082-.212-.24l-.075.049-.157.107c-.038.018-.135.047-.289.083-.203.047-.378.133-.422.207l-.074.123-.034.014c-.04 0-.087-.057-.107-.13a2.03 2.03 0 0 1-.075-.464c0-.293.097-.484.397-.783l-.001-.071c0-.456.348-.765.86-.765l.083.002.281.017.026.001c.152 0 .292-.058.444-.183.202-.165.261-.266.261-.451 0-.059-.016-.126-.079-.333a1.34 1.34 0 0 1-.061-.388c0-.341.25-.765.59-.999.087-.061.152-.141.152-.187 0-.019-.01-.034-.023-.034-.022 0-.059.023-.105.064-.04.036-.107.078-.198.125l-.132.066-.149.058c-.046.017-.069.042-.069.073 0 .018.007.044.019.075s.016.047.016.061-.014.052-.042.096l-.115.19c-.113.186-.195.266-.339.33-.093.272-.226.41-.421.438-.156.314-.294.423-.57.454-.038.121-.105.221-.248.38-.059.064-.095.109-.107.132-.065.116-.07.123-.1.123-.038 0-.124-.057-.189-.123a.5.5 0 0 1-.074-.1l-.075-.132c-.024-.043-.049-.062-.08-.062l-.053.003-.182.025a.58.58 0 0 0-.331.19l-.099.149c-.01.015-.025.024-.039.024-.074 0-.119-.163-.119-.433 0-.237.036-.395.118-.508l.231-.322c.032-.045.05-.089.05-.126a.17.17 0 0 0-.041-.106c-.049-.058-.096-.093-.132-.099l-.174-.024c-.031-.005-.044-.012-.044-.026s.009-.034.027-.057a.79.79 0 0 1 .207-.182c.205-.125.339-.174.477-.174a.81.81 0 0 1 .432.142l.239.157c.034.023.074.034.115.034.111 0 .194-.066.272-.215.076-.144.109-.26.109-.383a.51.51 0 0 0-.53-.534c-.143 0-.29.056-.43.165-.042.033-.07.064-.083.091l-.066.149c-.015.036-.039.057-.059.057-.042 0-.135-.119-.213-.272-.041-.08-.08-.179-.115-.298-.049-.161-.071-.282-.071-.412l.012-.224a.83.83 0 0 1-.149-.511.92.92 0 0 1 .059-.29.61.61 0 0 1-.091-.368l.008-.103.025-.115.017-.099c-.08-.104-.102-.174-.182-.536-.044-.205-.071-.294-.106-.347-.017-.023-.025-.041-.025-.05 0-.048.115-.092.247-.092l.116.009c-.029-.076-.035-.106-.035-.166a1.03 1.03 0 0 1 .06-.329c.044-.126.053-.161.053-.202 0-.098-.015-.197-.036-.252l-.066-.165a.23.23 0 0 1-.021-.085c0-.017.011-.023.041-.023.162 0 .472.175.715.405s.32.413.32.752l-.014.181c.225.197.323.36.323.537 0 .129-.042.215-.166.337-.223.222-.273.337-.273.622 0 .438.131.675.373.675.213 0 .377-.231.404-.57l.025-.314a3.22 3.22 0 0 1 .041-.297c.014-.075.025-.174.025-.215 0-.111-.073-.252-.29-.504-.232-.271-.31-.417-.31-.629 0-.254.176-.44.414-.44.059 0 .089.009.16.045.003-.144.01-.17.091-.372.064-.159.133-.272.165-.272.011 0 .028.012.049.033a.86.86 0 0 0 .108.09l.083.058a.75.75 0 0 1 .074.075c.051-.185.104-.272.256-.421.116-.113.159-.148.181-.148s.038.015.059.041l.099.131.14.158c.054.059.073.111.099.255l.082-.049.132-.074a.97.97 0 0 0 .1-.066c.022-.016.041-.026.052-.026s.029.024.039.059l.049.19.108.215c.032.064.042.114.042.212v.052l.055-.002c.163 0 .303.192.303.414 0 .294-.235.674-.54.876-.028.099-.035.139-.035.219 0 .657.173.794 1.183.945a5.56 5.56 0 0 1 .677.14l.653.215c.223.074.373.107.489.107.123 0 .191-.035.191-.1 0-.113-.165-.214-.672-.412l-.719-.28c-.731-.286-1.076-.731-1.076-1.388 0-.764.574-1.338 1.34-1.338.289 0 .57.06.976.207l.605.198c.101 0 .156-.069.171-.214.013-.124.047-.174.115-.174.101 0 .212.094.29.248.068.134.107.291.107.428a.47.47 0 0 1-.405.504.8.8 0 0 1-.665.342c-.329 0-.492-.065-1.054-.416-.201-.126-.287-.157-.434-.157-.197 0-.343.122-.343.287 0 .151.122.251.397.324.164.043.188.055.273.14.066-.016.096-.02.137-.02.268 0 .599.145.879.384.509.157.962.706.962 1.167 0 .509-.441.965-.935.965a3.37 3.37 0 0 1-.639-.102z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M22.437 23.219l.033-.091.033-.116c.006-.021.037-.068.091-.139.084-.11.126-.249.126-.411 0-.051-.013-.098-.044-.16-.016-.032-.025-.058-.025-.076 0-.011.006-.024.017-.038s.022-.023.033-.025l.005-.001c.021 0 .057.024.085.058.035.043.066.066.084.066.037 0 .076-.063.098-.157l.017-.083c0-.04-.033-.144-.074-.231-.016-.033-.024-.061-.024-.084 0-.029.019-.053.046-.053s.063.026.11.07c.023.022.045.034.063.034.052 0 .089-.053.128-.182l.033-.129c0-.024-.01-.038-.029-.038l-.029.002-.098.01c-.151 0-.364-.104-.464-.224l-.231-.281-.206-.273-.19-.124c-.031-.02-.049-.045-.049-.067 0-.031.031-.052.079-.052s.179.048.425.152a2.58 2.58 0 0 0 .837.183c.395 0 .721-.319.721-.707 0-.212-.095-.408-.327-.681-.043-.051-.118-.101-.153-.101-.027 0-.046.02-.046.049a.26.26 0 0 0 .025.093c.01.026.016.052.016.076 0 .038-.014.06-.039.06-.052 0-.106-.085-.151-.234-.055-.184-.162-.294-.414-.421a.89.89 0 0 0-.261-.093c-.016 0-.027.014-.027.036 0 .031.012.065.033.098a.41.41 0 0 1 .067.158v.008c0 .032-.016.05-.046.05-.053 0-.065-.014-.186-.199-.062-.095-.228-.22-.372-.281-.045-.019-.093-.031-.14-.033h-.005c-.03 0-.053.014-.053.032 0 .007.013.033.037.076l.012.047c0 .025-.017.045-.039.045-.05 0-.203-.126-.324-.265-.131-.151-.215-.343-.215-.494 0-.316.302-.596.64-.596.085 0 .157.015.212.042l.289.149.339.224c.195.127.462.223.624.223.06 0 .106-.008.26-.051.081-.022.131-.054.131-.084l-.003-.007-.029-.017-.182-.016c-.101-.01-.33-.113-.512-.232l-.38-.247-.338-.141c-.026-.01-.042-.027-.042-.043s.018-.031.039-.031c0 0 .032.006.094.017l.314.091c.079.022.206.081.38.173.344.183.569.264.734.264.191 0 .331-.131.331-.309 0-.06-.013-.157-.032-.236a.33.33 0 0 0-.05-.107c-.014-.021-.03-.032-.041-.032-.024 0-.037.025-.037.067l.004.057.003.048c0 .152-.059.206-.228.206-.137 0-.322-.055-.742-.222-.394-.155-.64-.214-.884-.214-.622 0-1.167.507-1.167 1.085 0 .499.332.882 1.011 1.161l.702.289c.581.239.794.41.794.636 0 .188-.175.309-.448.309-.118 0-.265-.032-.536-.119-.657-.209-1.085-.296-1.461-.296-.613 0-1.049.168-1.398.536-.046.049-.073.063-.114.063-.028 0-.056-.011-.118-.047a.4.4 0 0 0-.181-.059c-.06 0-.154.052-.198.109l-.082.107c-.024.031-.051.05-.073.05-.06 0-.166-.102-.232-.224-.041-.074-.069-.147-.082-.215-.011-.052-.017-.137-.017-.226l.008-.153.025-.165.025-.141c.006-.02.022-.033.04-.033.043 0 .062.039.062.129l-.002.052-.002.037c0 .235.093.45.196.45.081 0 .152-.144.211-.43.012-.057.035-.09.063-.09s.053.042.078.165c.015.08.068.191.124.264.032.042.066.067.094.067.068 0 .111-.101.145-.339.014-.092.041-.15.073-.15.014 0 .026.007.035.018a1.3 1.3 0 0 1 .058.091c.02.034.052.062.091.082s.074.033.096.033a.12.12 0 0 0 .077-.033c.037-.033.058-.058.058-.068s-.017-.038-.049-.073c-.054-.058-.096-.136-.149-.273L20 19.462c-.013-.03-.027-.05-.042-.058l-.026-.007-.049.007-.173.049-.054.009c-.023 0-.039-.015-.039-.039s.03-.062.068-.092c.209-.166.333-.445.38-.851.028-.247.06-.34.165-.487.022-.031.041-.049.052-.049.032 0 .05.025.05.073 0 .032-.009.072-.027.117a.29.29 0 0 0-.018.1l.001.031.017.05.091-.033.099-.115a.61.61 0 0 0 .109-.338c0-.079-.019-.134-.066-.19-.052-.062-.088-.087-.126-.087l-.056.004-.059.004c-.053 0-.08-.016-.08-.049l.014-.063.009-.091-.049-.206-.041-.1-.025-.083-.058.041-.124.074c-.032.019-.066.05-.1.091-.117.142-.125.149-.172.149-.03 0-.047-.011-.047-.031l.005-.035a.85.85 0 0 0 .025-.171c0-.144-.105-.361-.231-.481-.173.165-.265.346-.265.521v.099c0 .038-.012.057-.038.057h-.003c-.021-.003-.041-.019-.058-.041l-.099-.132a1.33 1.33 0 0 0-.133-.108l-.066-.057-.033.066c-.082.164-.11.262-.115.397-.004.11-.013.142-.039.142-.013 0-.03-.006-.052-.019-.125-.07-.137-.075-.191-.075-.149 0-.25.106-.25.263 0 .061.035.154.103.275.076.135.189.258.239.258.014 0 .017-.01.017-.051v-.017l-.008-.14-.017-.108-.001-.014c0-.032.012-.046.037-.046.075 0 .14.219.195.655.048.384.154.648.322.801.043.039.067.071.067.089s-.015.026-.033.026c-.024 0-.062-.015-.108-.041a.18.18 0 0 0-.09-.026c-.083 0-.175.096-.191.2l-.075.47-.058.661c-.011.125.006.293.05.495.038.178.058.309.058.391 0 .495-.308.886-.818 1.037l-.529.156c-.329.098-.491.315-.537.718.085-.067.111-.078.24-.098l.156-.025a.43.43 0 0 0 .141-.041c.015-.009.045-.04.091-.091l.14-.156c.053-.06.101-.094.13-.094.02 0 .035.022.035.048s-.02.078-.058.136-.06.135-.06.213c0 .105.028.172.135.324.013-.05.024-.083.033-.099a1.69 1.69 0 0 1 .124-.173c.114-.148.197-.302.198-.372.002-.128.014-.169.046-.169s.033.006.045.079c.003.018.012.035.025.05.019.021.038.033.05.033s.033-.012.066-.033c.057-.038.101-.077.132-.116s.062-.093.082-.149c.028-.072.042-.125.042-.156l-.001-.107c0-.028.012-.051.027-.051s.062.043.089.091c.018.032.03.042.053.042h.005c.03-.003.056-.015.074-.034.101-.098.166-.219.166-.31l-.009-.152-.033-.125-.002-.011c0-.026.019-.048.04-.048.037 0 .078.053.135.174.026.057.051.084.075.084.039 0 .07-.029.148-.142l.074-.107c.016-.024.025-.052.025-.083s-.009-.057-.025-.081l-.067-.099c-.011-.017-.016-.045-.016-.083a.81.81 0 0 1 .124-.388l.107-.207c.013-.034.027-.05.046-.05s.028.02.028.041l-.008.091v.066.066c.011.03.031.042.071.042.025 0 .054-.006.086-.017l.206-.075a1.42 1.42 0 0 0 .19-.091c.324-.179.424-.216.583-.216.095 0 .218.037.392.117.036.017.065.026.085.026s.05-.015.072-.042c.016-.019.024-.042.024-.063 0-.03-.011-.066-.033-.102-.026-.046-.051-.103-.051-.123s.014-.036.038-.036.047.02.062.044l.19.33c.154.274.354.464.529.504l.363.083c.113.025.141.069.141.209a.72.72 0 0 1-.331.616l-.298.191c-.108.068-.198.259-.198.416 0 .102.025.282.058.425l.058-.057.141-.083.124-.124.066-.182.066-.165c.032-.08.07-.132.096-.132s.045.045.045.126l-.001.023v.031c0 .118.015.17.107.348z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M17.543 25.575c0-.393.143-.564.712-.853 1.123-.569 1.728-1.091 1.728-1.488 0-.08-.026-.197-.1-.445a1.41 1.41 0 0 1-.071-.358c0-.183.151-.46.344-.632l.157-.14c.086-.077.15-.188.15-.261l-.001-.037-.002-.049c0-.082.032-.112.117-.116l.075-.008.064-.017c.027 0 .053.015.069.041l.041.066.058.066c.019.021.038.034.053.034s.033-.008.063-.024c.04-.022.071-.031.1-.031.043 0 .065.023.065.071 0 .166-.107.406-.298.661-.317.429-.421.66-.421.934 0 .215.062.404.182.56.021.028.033.05.033.061 0 .022-.021.059-.058.104l-.05.067c-.066.095-.11.132-.153.132-.032 0-.063-.027-.078-.067l-.033-.09c-.01-.026-.028-.043-.047-.043-.006 0-.02.014-.036.034-.021.027-.032.059-.032.091v.14c0 .056-.02.114-.058.165a.69.69 0 0 1-.116.123c-.031.027-.054.042-.065.042-.024 0-.047-.026-.059-.066l-.05-.165c-.007-.024-.024-.041-.041-.041-.028 0-.051.046-.058.116-.017.187-.049.301-.098.347l-.116.106c-.037.036-.081.061-.105.061s-.045-.011-.052-.027l-.058-.124c-.007-.015-.021-.025-.037-.025-.033 0-.058.066-.07.191-.03.297-.092.43-.256.545a.45.45 0 0 0-.206.231c-.072-.106-.1-.196-.1-.329a.3.3 0 0 1 .034-.157c.034-.062.053-.109.053-.137 0-.02-.013-.036-.03-.036-.008 0-.022.012-.041.032-.023.027-.059.055-.107.083-.149.085-.171.116-.207.281a.42.42 0 0 1-.38.371c-.28.057-.297.064-.397.158l-.01-.147zm-.534-8.514v.083l.001.122a.51.51 0 0 1-.018.134c-.027.115-.033.154-.033.187 0 .158.022.236.115.399.052.09.085.199.085.277 0 .033-.014.053-.036.053-.014 0-.029-.008-.04-.024l-.066-.091c-.053-.072-.103-.091-.237-.091l-.143.009a1.79 1.79 0 0 1 .099.289c.067.27.076.289.223.421s.161.15.161.198c0 .037-.026.067-.057.067l-.055-.008-.033-.003c-.045 0-.086.083-.086.175a.59.59 0 0 0 .053.208c.02.049.04.082.058.1l.083.082a.12.12 0 0 1 .033.085c0 .04-.023.074-.05.074a.19.19 0 0 1-.074-.027c-.021-.01-.04-.016-.058-.016-.037 0-.055.023-.055.068l.013.123.05.214c.011.048.042.102.091.158a.39.39 0 0 0 .124.099l.166.075c.016.012.024.036.024.066s-.024.058-.055.058a.7.7 0 0 1-.086-.017l-.084-.008c-.084 0-.09.005-.09.069a.52.52 0 0 0 .017.128l.033.132c.035.14.08.215.13.215.011 0 .032-.012.06-.033a1.02 1.02 0 0 1 .511-.173c.155 0 .332.019.399.041.038.013.065.02.079.02.02 0 .027-.02.028-.094l.017-.149.033-.256.024-.19v-.108l-.067.058c-.14.132-.229.173-.374.173-.38 0-.598-.427-.598-1.171 0-.307.045-.742.13-1.24.018-.105.026-.178.026-.229 0-.272-.172-.537-.472-.729z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M17.57 18.91l.074-.074.074-.067c.062-.054.111-.169.111-.254 0-.039-.008-.075-.028-.118-.029-.062-.084-.117-.117-.117-.028 0-.053.068-.064.175l-.017.124-.024.124-.009.124v.082zm-.726 3.377c.085.031.102.045.19.149.115.133.178.165.33.165a.42.42 0 0 0 .117-.016l.107-.033.083-.025c.04-.011.066-.028.066-.042s-.065-.072-.165-.139a1.59 1.59 0 0 0-.198-.116c-.071-.035-.131-.051-.189-.051-.116 0-.228.036-.339.109zm1.113 2.323c0-.266.262-.485.582-.485.16 0 .253.032.253.086 0 .042-.07.1-.223.181l-.24.132-.364.181-.008-.096zm3.363-2.003c.117-.024.157-.054.215-.057l.149.008a.48.48 0 0 0 .099-.066l.116-.082c.165-.113.174-.12.174-.156 0-.046-.067-.068-.206-.068-.26 0-.419.122-.546.422z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M18.827 17.58l.116.074c.066.042.121.073.165.09.128.053.174.071.174.12a.35.35 0 0 1-.017.094.51.51 0 0 0-.025.116c-.012.112-.08.141-.125.141-.056 0-.114-.086-.206-.248a1.91 1.91 0 0 1-.132-.33l-.005-.032c0-.02.012-.032.036-.032l.018.006z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M19.942 17.868l-.19.191c-.067.089-.067.167-.083.182s-.032.021-.058.025l-.012.001c-.048 0-.084-.035-.087-.083l-.008-.14-.009-.141v-.008c0-.054.03-.083.073-.092l.176-.049.181-.091c.053-.026.069-.033.078-.033.021 0 .039.022.039.048 0 .012-.006.03-.018.052l-.083.139z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M19.105 18.431l.124.092a.22.22 0 0 0 .111.028.51.51 0 0 0 .195-.053l.108-.049c.025-.011.047-.018.064-.018.066 0 .118.07.118.157 0 .122-.088.247-.216.429l-.09.191c-.072.103-.12.14-.179.14-.098 0-.146-.056-.293-.348-.106-.208-.149-.336-.149-.438 0-.087.045-.148.111-.148.027 0 .06-.006.096.016z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M19.216 18.884l.008.157c.004.071.063.142.12.142.076 0 .131-.115.16-.29l.019-.115c0-.061-.02-.077-.098-.077l-.044.002h-.058l-.037-.002c-.052 0-.072.04-.072.145l.002.038z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M8.359 21.057c.072.182.097.272.107.389l.016.346c.013.347.128.52.347.52.079 0 .145-.021.182-.058l.091-.091.036-.011c.058 0 .09.038.09.107l-.01.134c-.007.06.004.188.033.379a2.25 2.25 0 0 1 .025.333c0 .176-.013.244-.075.402.058.162.091.345.091.499 0 .18-.029.3-.099.402.033.142.041.199.041.28s-.011.187-.033.314c-.029.172-.041.305-.033.395l.001.021c0 .052-.016.078-.048.078s-.069-.024-.102-.066c-.05-.065-.083-.088-.121-.088-.057 0-.075.03-.16.278-.026.077-.093.18-.198.306-.082.098-.133.179-.149.24l-.049.173c-.01.022-.029.039-.05.041h-.01c-.136 0-.292-.292-.452-.842-.045-.156-.103-.225-.187-.225-.06 0-.121.04-.144.093l-.05.116c-.009.02-.026.033-.043.033-.066 0-.167-.121-.229-.273-.051-.126-.081-.263-.081-.38 0-.259.191-.452.766-.776.251-.141.348-.32.348-.643 0-.256-.077-.403-.297-.57-.175-.132-.275-.182-.368-.182-.078 0-.14.052-.14.118 0 .078.045.125.153.162.127.046.182.09.182.147s-.054.165-.141.299a.76.76 0 0 1-.264.273c-.039.227-.146.372-.397.537-.05.142-.078.193-.165.305l-.174.223a.72.72 0 0 0-.124.256c-.018.126-.03.148-.078.148-.066 0-.2-.116-.335-.289a.4.4 0 0 1-.107-.273c-.086.068-.113.077-.281.099-.101.014-.176.033-.223.059-.127.066-.168.084-.191.084-.034 0-.046-.018-.049-.076l-.008-.182c0-.249.098-.54.248-.734-.145-.125-.289-.202-.405-.215-.049-.005-.062-.011-.062-.029 0-.03.032-.095.078-.152.062-.078.111-.133.149-.165a.82.82 0 0 1 .479-.174c.107 0 .266.039.471.116.074.028.14.041.197.041.091 0 .142-.059.142-.163 0-.15-.074-.385-.241-.762-.112-.255-.163-.427-.163-.545 0-.286.135-.583.304-.668-.08-.04-.115-.05-.184-.05-.083 0-.148.021-.254.083-.122.071-.19.134-.19.176 0 .016.025.042.067.072.064.045.075.061.075.122 0 .204-.169.477-.405.654-.052.289-.185.464-.446.586-.034.157-.056.203-.182.38-.216.302-.266.399-.305.57-.02.089-.041.125-.068.125-.035 0-.108-.055-.188-.142l-.132-.158c-.035-.054-.053-.107-.091-.263-.06.017-.076.02-.118.02l-.121-.003-.083-.002c-.181 0-.373.041-.471.101-.036.022-.06.033-.072.033-.053 0-.097-.112-.097-.25 0-.298.083-.545.276-.814-.071-.059-.094-.081-.157-.148-.027-.03-.05-.05-.066-.058l-.091-.05c-.031-.017-.05-.037-.05-.054 0-.044.121-.159.264-.252.159-.102.285-.149.4-.149.135 0 .207.035.376.182.117.102.197.149.254.149.04 0 .084-.028.118-.075.028-.038.043-.08.043-.123 0-.158-.189-.424-.398-.562-.156-.102-.326-.157-.492-.157-.23 0-.428.114-.515.297l-.091.19c-.021.044-.048.067-.079.067-.053 0-.081-.024-.268-.241l-.214-.248a.66.66 0 0 1-.133-.214.49.49 0 0 0-.041-.107c-.007-.011-.036-.033-.082-.067-.166-.117-.287-.349-.356-.685l-.025-.107c-.202-.248-.323-.555-.323-.821a.36.36 0 0 1 .018-.113c-.118-.118-.131-.147-.224-.463-.066-.224-.108-.32-.19-.428-.022-.029-.033-.052-.033-.064 0-.045.069-.081.19-.101l.166-.019.165.011-.01-.226c0-.133.01-.219.044-.377a1.01 1.01 0 0 0 .025-.172 1.68 1.68 0 0 0-.017-.142.73.73 0 0 0-.024-.124c-.012-.031-.018-.055-.018-.07 0-.027.018-.041.049-.041.024 0 .058.012.109.036.144.071.263.143.355.215.285.223.509.566.509.779l-.004.065-.017.121c0 .036.02.084.058.134l.091.125c.081.11.133.238.133.324 0 .077-.016.111-.149.304-.1.144-.141.252-.141.369 0 .149.059.337.166.522.097.171.21.265.317.265.184 0 .265-.163.294-.604l.066-.627.008-.113c0-.052-.016-.082-.082-.161l-.249-.288c-.236-.276-.307-.418-.307-.616 0-.227.149-.384.365-.384l.099.009-.001-.064a.87.87 0 0 1 .042-.224c.052-.177.117-.314.151-.314.011 0 .038.013.08.041a1.22 1.22 0 0 0 .149.057.99.99 0 0 1 .164.082.73.73 0 0 1 .133-.289c.107-.138.228-.247.271-.247.026 0 .074.035.134.099l.157.165c.026.027.057.081.091.157l.033.074.099-.057.132-.075.157-.075c.042-.028.072-.043.085-.043.028 0 .043.05.105.323a1.9 1.9 0 0 1 .058.364c.264.037.388.188.388.471 0 .266-.131.531-.413.832-.077.083-.096.122-.096.199 0 .73.254.96 1.17 1.057a5.83 5.83 0 0 1 1.404.298c.355.106.559.15.691.15.156 0 .243-.057.243-.157 0-.153-.111-.201-.769-.34-1.531-.322-2.132-.845-2.132-1.854 0-.719.538-1.259 1.257-1.259.317 0 .6.097 1.048.355.416.241.502.282.597.282.111 0 .155-.071.155-.25 0-.116.035-.172.107-.172.066 0 .166.068.256.174.137.162.19.245.19.469 0 .299-.159.494-.471.58l-.074.082c-.17.192-.32.256-.59.256-.235 0-.53-.096-.732-.24l-.397-.28c-.171-.121-.296-.173-.416-.173-.169 0-.27.101-.27.27s.11.301.29.357l.372.116c.132.041.194.067.355.148l.185-.018a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 .699.174l.149.067.207.058c.469.131.851.656.851 1.168 0 .584-.379.946-.991.946l-.191-.009z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M8.218 25.961l.049-.1.116-.124a.61.61 0 0 0 .15-.427c0-.085-.015-.177-.043-.267a.67.67 0 0 1-.034-.146c0-.052.039-.102.079-.102.016 0 .039.015.062.042l.124.14c.077.087.103.103.199.124l.008-.115.008-.136a.96.96 0 0 0-.182-.558c-.066-.084-.096-.135-.096-.164s.022-.059.045-.059c.008 0 .02.006.034.017.08.059.121.084.143.084.04 0 .076-.1.076-.208a.77.77 0 0 0-.169-.461l-.099-.123c-.011-.016-.017-.032-.017-.047 0-.035.029-.061.072-.061.031 0 .05.008.102.041.024.016.047.025.063.025.064 0 .088-.09.088-.336l-.003-.102-.008-.149c-.009-.175-.025-.206-.099-.206H8.82c-.403 0-.591-.255-.695-.942-.075-.496-.26-.849-.487-.925-.136-.045-.184-.075-.184-.111 0-.023.038-.045.079-.045.03 0 .099.018.156.041.329.133.607.198.849.198.396 0 .708-.291.708-.66 0-.282-.134-.569-.376-.801a.47.47 0 0 0-.206-.124l-.016-.001-.042.014.017.119.032.083.009.034c0 .018-.017.032-.039.032s-.047-.013-.061-.034l-.149-.223c-.118-.176-.376-.323-.568-.323-.068 0-.111.03-.111.078 0 .023.022.066.05.097.042.048.075.105.075.132l-.009.033c-.009.019-.021.031-.033.033l-.008.001c-.04 0-.06-.018-.24-.223-.147-.168-.448-.332-.609-.332-.023 0-.044.01-.061.026-.01.011-.017.023-.017.032 0 .025.022.058.058.092.051.047.092.103.092.127 0 .016-.022.031-.046.031-.047 0-.153-.068-.351-.224-.308-.242-.446-.47-.446-.735 0-.319.228-.57.52-.57.171 0 .398.082.554.199l.405.305a1.07 1.07 0 0 0 .65.215c.052 0 .1-.012.143-.033.036-.018.058-.04.058-.055s-.031-.024-.075-.036c-.146-.035-.264-.085-.347-.148l-.413-.313-.323-.223c-.218-.114-.26-.141-.26-.167 0-.013.021-.024.047-.024s.047.006.073.017l.215.091a2.47 2.47 0 0 1 .347.206c.442.295.667.39.927.39.247 0 .429-.175.429-.413 0-.047-.012-.098-.034-.143l-.041-.082c-.014-.029-.041-.052-.049-.041l-.025.033-.025.174c-.001.007-.01.027-.025.058a.29.29 0 0 1-.057.082c-.045.044-.083.058-.152.058-.128 0-.271-.068-.658-.315s-.744-.379-1.024-.379A1.07 1.07 0 0 0 5.977 18c0 .827.505 1.2 2.09 1.546.603.131.868.308.868.576 0 .245-.198.399-.512.399a1.19 1.19 0 0 1-.224-.016 30.59 30.59 0 0 1-.851-.232c-.354-.098-.752-.154-1.103-.154-.622 0-1.041.185-1.326.584-.033.047-.066.075-.088.075s-.042-.012-.069-.033l-.115-.091a.56.56 0 0 0-.297-.113.26.26 0 0 0-.175.072c-.041.037-.072.057-.084.057-.046 0-.131-.104-.196-.239-.093-.193-.141-.386-.141-.562 0-.082.026-.14.062-.14.029 0 .05.022.062.066l.066.239c.037.134.112.239.169.239.025 0 .07-.036.12-.099.031-.038.053-.077.067-.116.052-.151.064-.173.105-.173.048 0 .073.03.106.181.007.028.016.07.054.142.033.062.067.113.099.149.025.027.056.042.085.042.073 0 .139-.121.139-.255l-.002-.035-.01-.153c0-.059.009-.077.043-.077.019 0 .034.01.058.04.035.046.083.085.141.115.05.027.091.041.118.041s.053-.015.08-.041.035-.044.035-.065-.03-.062-.117-.15c-.047-.048-.103-.16-.165-.33-.023-.065-.054-.109-.078-.109a.24.24 0 0 0-.054.018l-.107.041-.074.033-.028.006c-.035 0-.063-.025-.063-.057s.075-.121.166-.196c.065-.055.105-.136.107-.223.005-.139.031-.248.058-.248l.025-.289a2.98 2.98 0 0 1 .124-.569c.01-.03.023-.051.033-.051.023 0 .044.062.044.131l-.003.043-.005.084c0 .105.017.159.049.159s.077-.052.113-.143l.074-.19c.022-.056.033-.108.033-.154 0-.161-.096-.277-.23-.277l-.06.01-.058.017c-.043 0-.08-.048-.08-.104l.006-.119-.008-.165-.033-.173-.009-.083-.074.041-.091.075-.132.107-.108.091c-.019.016-.04.025-.061.025-.063 0-.071-.017-.071-.146v-.032c0-.104-.045-.185-.214-.384l-.042-.05-.032.058-.091.149-.091.231-.017.148c-.004.043-.021.076-.037.076s-.046-.022-.078-.059a.64.64 0 0 0-.355-.239l-.016.057-.05.174-.009.156v.066.053c0 .046-.017.073-.045.073l-.005-.001c-.003-.001-.019-.015-.049-.041-.019-.017-.054-.026-.1-.026-.154 0-.252.083-.252.215 0 .099.034.173.186.404.068.103.146.184.176.184.02 0 .037-.054.037-.117l-.015-.099a.41.41 0 0 1-.024-.126c0-.046.013-.071.039-.071.074 0 .151.214.183.512l.033.305a1.02 1.02 0 0 0 .099.33c.075.154.149.259.215.305.079.056.128.111.128.141s-.021.05-.044.05a5.64 5.64 0 0 1-.167-.059l-.069-.01c-.165 0-.22.094-.22.378a1.58 1.58 0 0 0 .488 1.044l.38.306c.193.154.339.411.339.595 0 .242-.265.479-.719.644l-.273.098c-.212.077-.297.214-.38.611a.68.68 0 0 1 .228-.042l.037.001.123.003c.111 0 .191-.067.191-.16v-.075c0-.022.031-.053.074-.075l.115-.058.091-.074c.014-.012.03-.019.046-.019.025 0 .045.024.045.051 0 .02-.006.046-.017.075-.028.073-.044.173-.044.284 0 .202.032.311.135.459.009-.055.018-.09.025-.107.017-.042.064-.117.141-.223.125-.175.217-.388.217-.503l-.003-.035-.025-.189c0-.034.015-.067.041-.091.018-.016.038-.024.057-.024.035 0 .057.021.085.082.019.046.043.074.059.074.029 0 .086-.076.122-.165.028-.066.041-.125.041-.175a.29.29 0 0 0-.025-.106.29.29 0 0 1-.026-.094c0-.021.007-.031.034-.055.014-.01.028-.017.042-.017s.033.007.049.017l.074.05c.025.017.048.025.066.025.033 0 .081-.037.116-.092.072-.11.117-.201.117-.235 0-.022-.014-.038-.059-.07-.164-.116-.273-.292-.273-.442 0-.035.008-.074.025-.119l.082-.223.066-.174.024-.009c.028 0 .045.023.045.064a.28.28 0 0 1-.019.094.54.54 0 0 0-.035.157c0 .059.03.091.086.091a.35.35 0 0 0 .138-.033c.25-.108.448-.166.567-.166.112 0 .182.025.3.108.031.022.058.034.076.034s.032-.013.048-.034c.01-.014.017-.029.017-.041 0-.03-.018-.069-.05-.107-.042-.052-.059-.085-.059-.117 0-.026.017-.043.044-.043.13 0 .333.41.527 1.059.152.513.195.565.685.843.415.234.573.466.573.843 0 .371-.103.846-.317 1.469-.067.197-.097.33-.097.44 0 .087.017.172.081.394l.057.19a.98.98 0 0 0 .065.124zm-1.916-1.156a1.38 1.38 0 0 1 .157-.281c.134-.201.182-.308.182-.404v-.133c0-.124.022-.182.072-.182a.05.05 0 0 1 .044.025l.042.066c.013.021.035.033.058.033s.069-.032.093-.069a.58.58 0 0 0 .096-.295l-.009-.091-.008-.093c0-.05.02-.072.068-.072.032 0 .046.013.073.075.017.04.042.066.062.066s.049-.018.069-.05l.066-.099.05-.075.012-.04c0-.023-.018-.044-.062-.076-.153-.11-.22-.28-.231-.587a2.62 2.62 0 0 0-.041-.454c-.005-.016-.054-.134-.149-.355a2.15 2.15 0 0 1-.099-.297c-.019-.076-.043-.1-.103-.1-.225 0-.394.192-.394.445 0 .149.062.384.175.67.159.401.201.544.201.686 0 .303-.121.435-.54.586-.473.169-.695.413-.777.85l.083-.033.115-.041.132-.033c.114-.028.205-.092.223-.157l.033-.115c.008-.028.024-.047.05-.058l.074-.033.074-.033.016.033-.033.107a.74.74 0 0 0-.017.192c0 .181.036.287.141.418zm-4.437-7.639l.017.093c0 .026-.011.097-.033.213l-.015.168a1.35 1.35 0 0 0 .072.435c.042.119.053.156.053.188l-.003.035c-.008.034-.02.059-.032.059s-.046-.018-.084-.052c-.095-.082-.198-.125-.305-.125a.81.81 0 0 0-.141.017l.041.091.124.306.174.264.181.125a.2.2 0 0 1 .05.049c.017.023.025.042.025.055s-.014.027-.033.028l-.166.008c-.025.001-.045.017-.045.035 0 .028.024.111.071.246l.083.24.14.132.148.108c.044.031.07.067.07.093s-.014.046-.029.047l-.082.008c-.027.003-.042.026-.042.066 0 .062.058.174.166.322.128.174.218.232.364.232h.124c.059 0 .095.029.095.076 0 .039-.025.061-.079.073-.114.024-.149.047-.149.1 0 .021.015.053.042.09l.067.091c.055.075.117.125.157.125.022 0 .074-.023.121-.076.074-.085.159-.154.268-.181.287-.073.347-.103.347-.169 0-.023-.011-.056-.033-.095-.091-.164-.124-.27-.124-.404 0-.103-.027-.175-.064-.175-.015 0-.041.025-.068.067-.068.104-.184.174-.289.174-.286 0-.631-.448-.801-1.041a1.65 1.65 0 0 1-.061-.445 2.32 2.32 0 0 1 .061-.504l.091-.405.011-.112c0-.205-.189-.468-.481-.673z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M2.46 18.315c-.061.115-.117.374-.117.538 0 .096.031.173.072.173.013 0 .03-.016.045-.041l.091-.166.059-.101c.033-.049.057-.097.057-.123 0-.098-.091-.219-.207-.28zm.907 3.723l.041.041.066.066c.161.167.185.183.263.183.072 0 .222-.041.307-.084.036-.018.058-.04.058-.057 0-.011-.03-.044-.082-.091l-.091-.083c-.069-.062-.171-.12-.22-.12-.095 0-.192.042-.342.145zm1.918 1.495a.82.82 0 0 1 .165.083l.132.082c.025.011.07.017.131.017.038 0 .072-.006.1-.017l.174-.066.165-.058c.044-.016.075-.041.075-.064 0-.012-.037-.03-.091-.043-.037-.01-.079-.023-.124-.041-.203-.082-.233-.094-.305-.094a.55.55 0 0 0-.422.201zm2.092 1.66c.055-.133.093-.155.281-.166.212-.012.414-.391.414-.648 0-.025-.009-.047-.019-.047s-.03.01-.056.027l-.123.074-.24.107c-.16.071-.301.285-.301.453a.57.57 0 0 0 .045.2z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M3.807 18.018l.082.116a.78.78 0 0 0 .179.129c.025 0 .038-.018.053-.071l.033-.125.009-.138c0-.109-.048-.15-.273-.208-.056-.015-.079-.013-.115-.042s-.079-.05-.099-.05-.034.01-.034.023l.009.037.041.123.116.207zm.883-.001l-.108.191-.041.045-.008.001c-.044 0-.088-.1-.091-.204l-.016-.164c.013-.068.053-.098.156-.116.084-.015.14-.031.166-.049l.132-.091.014-.003c.022 0 .038.015.038.04l-.003.011-.058.141-.182.197z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M4.474 18.579l.132-.066c.024-.012.045-.018.063-.018.064 0 .112.048.112.134 0 .094-.074.221-.175.403-.109.197-.191.331-.276.331-.119 0-.287-.189-.451-.505a.54.54 0 0 1-.063-.23c0-.104.046-.159.133-.159.036 0 .07.008.095.026l.074.05a.39.39 0 0 0 .21.066c.052 0 .101-.011.145-.033z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M4.384 18.761s.076.016.076.067l-.002.024-.025.123c-.027.165-.065.267-.119.267a.08.08 0 0 1-.063-.035c-.085-.12-.15-.274-.15-.358 0-.059.026-.089.079-.089l.014.001.091.016.099-.016z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M23.617 5.468l.033.124.067.264c.104.472.191.595.421.595.131 0 .24-.073.273-.182l.049-.166c.011-.038.04-.06.079-.06.09 0 .138.099.145.299.002.076.019.211.049.404.023.139.033.267.033.382 0 .084-.01.133-.049.237l.016.099c.028.163.035.227.035.303 0 .354-.017.459-.101.597.034.135.044.199.044.296a2.47 2.47 0 0 1-.027.291l-.033.248.008.148c.022.055.033.089.033.099 0 .023-.015.041-.033.041l-.165-.066-.182-.099c-.059-.032-.1-.064-.19-.148-.16.141-.183.154-.373.206-.274.076-.375.11-.429.149s-.093.057-.114.057c-.064 0-.109-.124-.109-.306 0-.264.015-.401.058-.504-.161-.054-.242-.074-.3-.074a.69.69 0 0 0-.121.016l-.037.004c-.024 0-.038-.029-.038-.079 0-.081.057-.242.133-.378.103-.184.274-.338.405-.364l.297-.057c.176-.034.281-.128.281-.251s-.077-.197-.257-.261l-.347-.124c-.117-.042-.227-.094-.331-.157l-.181-.108c-.03-.016-.062-.024-.09-.024-.073 0-.118.054-.118.141 0 .14.108.255.24.255.03 0 .058-.006.084-.017a.27.27 0 0 1 .076-.025c.038 0 .065.036.065.089a1.04 1.04 0 0 1-.19.522l-.099.124-.075.099c-.027.213-.236.517-.446.652-.051.032-.082.054-.091.066s-.029.047-.066.116c-.017.032-.073.098-.166.198a1.55 1.55 0 0 1-.206.19c-.092.07-.148.121-.165.149l-.083.141c-.017.029-.038.043-.065.043-.074 0-.142-.077-.183-.207-.03-.097-.057-.125-.12-.125a.64.64 0 0 0-.145.025l-.115.016h-.29c-.156 0-.365.038-.463.084-.037.018-.066.026-.085.026-.043 0-.064-.043-.064-.126 0-.262.202-.659.464-.916-.039-.152-.119-.254-.223-.28l-.149-.041c-.015-.008-.025-.023-.025-.039 0-.053.059-.105.19-.167.235-.111.303-.132.434-.132.15 0 .276.051.433.174.224.174.285.207.393.207.176 0 .345-.161.345-.331 0-.114-.063-.241-.218-.438-.22-.281-.298-.464-.298-.702 0-.16.032-.247.174-.478.022-.037.035-.068.035-.089 0-.045-.075-.086-.159-.086-.088 0-.198.032-.347.1-.249.114-.397.22-.397.285 0 .026.015.052.041.07l.083.058c.01.007.017.02.017.034s-.016.043-.034.064-.072.09-.165.215a1.89 1.89 0 0 1-.346.363c-.045.034-.072.062-.084.083l-.066.124c-.055.103-.218.274-.356.371l-.115.091a.75.75 0 0 0-.075.115c-.084.151-.217.338-.305.429l-.223.231c-.064.066-.154.257-.24.511-.068.2-.111.29-.142.29-.014 0-.037-.018-.064-.05-.16-.183-.305-.298-.375-.298-.018 0-.051.015-.096.042-.063.038-.138.067-.223.083l-.297.057c-.249.049-.348.102-.463.248-.029.036-.053.057-.066.057-.029 0-.051-.043-.051-.1l.008-.072c.002-.008.016-.082.042-.223.043-.235.103-.43.165-.537l.149-.256c.026-.046.041-.093.041-.133 0-.19-.178-.345-.447-.387-.055-.008-.083-.028-.083-.06 0-.038.065-.111.166-.188.175-.132.368-.215.505-.215.092 0 .215.032.379.099l.182.074a.49.49 0 0 0 .184.043c.192 0 .379-.175.609-.57.104-.18.149-.308.149-.425 0-.209-.097-.335-.26-.335-.128 0-.25.054-.351.156-.09.091-.137.182-.137.264l.005.084.003.044c0 .067-.023.097-.072.097-.062 0-.135-.061-.278-.232l-.232-.272c-.251-.294-.303-.411-.314-.711-.28-.357-.35-.555-.35-.762l.011-.17c-.201-.241-.24-.334-.24-.572 0-.107.006-.135.05-.221-.099-.145-.13-.21-.157-.322l-.041-.174a.9.9 0 0 0-.132-.305c-.074-.106-.083-.122-.083-.153 0-.086.083-.142.29-.193l.066-.017-.017-.183c0-.048.006-.094.025-.197l.058-.306c.022-.119.034-.21.034-.271 0-.07-.011-.127-.05-.257-.025-.084-.054-.148-.082-.19s-.05-.084-.05-.109.028-.05.066-.05c.02 0 .055.01.083.027.279.152.584.393.801.636.187.208.247.381.289.843.253.188.348.358.348.626 0 .159-.052.313-.166.488l-.165.256c-.049.083-.075.179-.075.279 0 .149.045.289.157.488.123.219.234.314.365.314.217 0 .413-.374.413-.786l-.002-.081v-.223l.025-.198.016-.24.016-.199.006-.11c0-.081-.017-.105-.271-.376-.28-.3-.413-.554-.413-.789 0-.222.191-.408.42-.408a.6.6 0 0 1 .175.032v-.099l.009-.174.049-.214c.04-.171.058-.203.117-.203l.041.013.149.132.181.116.05.049c.012-.103.021-.124.107-.232l.115-.157.083-.124.05-.074c.033-.05.047-.063.069-.063s.038.029.064.121c.011.037.036.075.074.107l.108.091c.087.074.145.183.181.339a.49.49 0 0 1 .165-.149l.133-.074c.049-.028.079-.042.088-.042s.023.02.037.05c.019.043.041.085.066.124.106.171.116.196.116.311v.069.099c.268.074.372.218.372.514 0 .222-.102.451-.315.707-.141.17-.165.222-.165.35 0 .582.439.935 1.181.946l.545.008a2.67 2.67 0 0 1 .901.148c.382.125.507.158.623.158.084 0 .154-.047.154-.103 0-.119-.2-.212-.868-.401-1.361-.384-1.942-.935-1.942-1.836 0-.698.583-1.237 1.336-1.237a2.88 2.88 0 0 1 .82.141l.338.124a.52.52 0 0 0 .178.035c.117 0 .161-.073.178-.291.008-.097.039-.14.101-.14.087 0 .256.136.378.306s.215.404.215.554c0 .176-.092.31-.29.421-.185.282-.413.412-.72.412-.235 0-.635-.159-1.139-.454-.198-.116-.285-.148-.395-.148-.149 0-.244.083-.244.214 0 .119.088.194.334.28.391.139.475.185.587.323.421.073.604.146.868.346.754.242 1.174.707 1.174 1.303 0 .543-.368.935-.88.935a1.59 1.59 0 0 1-.402-.049z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M24.436 9.084a.58.58 0 0 1-.026-.152l.009-.112.026-.321c0-.061-.018-.109-.06-.166l-.099-.132c-.064-.087-.09-.151-.09-.225 0-.048.011-.064.044-.064l.038.008.074.041c.034.019.062.028.083.028.05 0 .075-.077.075-.232 0-.215-.04-.318-.165-.415l-.115-.091c-.02-.016-.034-.043-.034-.067 0-.04.023-.065.061-.065.023 0 .056.007.096.017l.091.025.035.008c.028 0 .041-.022.041-.07l-.002-.029-.025-.174c-.026-.18-.056-.249-.109-.249l-.015.002-.215.041-.036.003c-.258 0-.562-.245-.641-.515l-.157-.537c-.047-.161-.187-.338-.397-.504-.069-.053-.129-.085-.173-.09l-.148-.017c-.027-.003-.045-.019-.045-.04 0-.034.029-.05.09-.05a2.35 2.35 0 0 1 .732.14c.271.089.419.121.552.121.414 0 .663-.216.663-.573 0-.179-.065-.404-.157-.548-.081-.124-.216-.251-.389-.363-.025-.017-.048-.026-.065-.026-.023 0-.042.018-.042.042l.008.107v.01c0 .04-.023.073-.053.073-.046 0-.093-.054-.146-.165-.152-.323-.398-.517-.65-.517-.055 0-.087.019-.087.053 0 .025.015.063.043.109a1.02 1.02 0 0 1 .074.148c.013.032.02.056.02.071s-.013.024-.038.024c-.037 0-.098-.034-.139-.077l-.124-.132-.107-.166a.79.79 0 0 0-.33-.289l-.207-.107c-.041-.022-.078-.033-.105-.033s-.039.013-.039.038.013.059.037.095a.42.42 0 0 1 .076.165c0 .028-.018.05-.041.05-.058 0-.162-.104-.307-.305a.78.78 0 0 1-.158-.464c0-.348.268-.619.613-.619.177 0 .399.074.618.207l.397.24c.142.086.334.149.453.149.066 0 .085-.004.233-.042a.4.4 0 0 0 .107-.041.06.06 0 0 0 .03-.049c0-.032-.02-.047-.072-.05-.184-.014-.566-.164-.817-.323l-.273-.156c-.068-.024-.114-.059-.114-.088 0-.013.014-.02.036-.02l.048.008.36.132.347.124a2.18 2.18 0 0 0 .555.116c.157 0 .265-.108.265-.265 0-.079-.02-.168-.052-.23-.05-.099-.116-.182-.143-.182s-.05.033-.05.088l.004.044.01.106c0 .111-.061.184-.156.184a.46.46 0 0 1-.135-.026l-.537-.173c-.467-.151-.648-.19-.878-.19-.649 0-1.139.438-1.139 1.022 0 .658.452 1.071 1.612 1.472 1.125.39 1.272.479 1.272.775 0 .17-.16.307-.359.307a1 1 0 0 1-.194-.017l-.562-.132c-.345-.084-.637-.116-1.027-.116-.819 0-1.214.125-1.642.521-.099.092-.139.109-.249.109l-.056-.002-.13-.008c-.099 0-.174.047-.234.149l-.132.223c-.018.031-.054.049-.095.049-.086 0-.131-.057-.212-.256a.64.64 0 0 0-.165-.249l-.174-.149c-.026-.023-.041-.044-.041-.06s.015-.044.041-.08a.84.84 0 0 0 .075-.115c.026-.047.039-.081.041-.1l.008-.074c.006-.024.03-.041.059-.041.055 0 .064.036.066.24a.59.59 0 0 0 .066.223l.091.198c.012.026.041.042.075.042.086 0 .194-.201.223-.413.024-.176.043-.232.079-.232s.049.021.119.166c.022.044.056.087.099.124s.075.054.099.058h.009c.068 0 .091-.043.107-.199l.008-.082-.016-.116-.011-.08c0-.053.018-.085.049-.085.018 0 .04.012.062.033l.082.083c.055.055.111.083.166.083.071 0 .115-.031.115-.081 0-.041-.009-.061-.082-.183a2.51 2.51 0 0 1-.058-.107c-.073-.139-.108-.174-.173-.174l-.084.008-.107.041c-.032.012-.054.019-.066.019s-.025-.014-.025-.033c0-.074.049-.192.141-.336.057-.09.104-.311.14-.649l.042-.388c.025-.238.051-.323.099-.323.017 0 .031.007.033.017l.024.124v.099c0 .12.013.218.028.218.035 0 .087-.041.137-.111.036-.05.063-.106.083-.165.027-.089.042-.161.042-.217 0-.191-.081-.273-.339-.345-.026-.007-.043-.016-.049-.025l-.009-.074v-.14l-.017-.1-.032-.083-.042-.091-.066.041c-.169.106-.21.138-.265.206-.075.095-.101.119-.132.119-.023 0-.041-.016-.041-.036l.033-.141.003-.024c0-.181-.102-.356-.284-.487l-.058.066-.058.083-.099.116a.39.39 0 0 0-.092.245l.001.027.001.028c0 .065-.01.088-.041.088l-.018-.008-.066-.082-.082-.099-.149-.091-.074-.058c-.08.173-.083.191-.083.414v.069c0 .074-.024.119-.064.119-.019 0-.054-.014-.101-.041-.037-.021-.082-.034-.123-.034-.12 0-.209.102-.209.241 0 .151.032.255.133.42.065.107.15.194.19.194.005 0 .015-.076.025-.177l-.025-.14-.005-.063c0-.053.019-.086.05-.086.046 0 .075.051.104.19l.066.306.066.388a1.54 1.54 0 0 0 .099.33 1.66 1.66 0 0 0 .14.289c.092.118.102.134.102.16 0 .02-.017.038-.036.038s-.043-.009-.075-.025a.32.32 0 0 0-.099-.033l-.06-.009c-.137 0-.165.11-.165.658 0 .342.071.798.159 1.019l.174.438a.56.56 0 0 1 .042.205c0 .604-.817 1.569-1.678 1.983-.335.161-.434.328-.463.784a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 .289-.116c.244-.068.296-.103.33-.215l.033-.107c.015-.046.045-.068.215-.157.064-.033.109-.07.132-.107.043-.071.076-.106.098-.106s.036.016.036.043l-.002.013-.091.236-.01.058c0 .173.097.317.275.408l.024-.099c.029-.126.058-.209.083-.248l.158-.231c.057-.084.067-.139.067-.352l-.009-.26-.005-.066c0-.043.02-.066.058-.066.029 0 .053.011.055.025l.024.157c.006.033.04.058.081.058.08 0 .182-.102.291-.289.042-.073.059-.13.059-.197a1.9 1.9 0 0 0-.026-.257l-.003-.049c0-.041.024-.067.063-.067.021 0 .037.007.04.016l.058.191c.019.063.063.107.108.107.127 0 .258-.259.272-.537.008-.174.03-.235.083-.235.021 0 .036.008.041.02l.033.107c.012.039.036.065.059.065s.063-.037.115-.099a.83.83 0 0 0 .074-.107c.016-.029.024-.059.024-.087 0-.042-.009-.053-.074-.103s-.091-.104-.091-.173c0-.12.051-.248.198-.504.135-.232.153-.259.186-.259s.055.031.055.07c0 .024-.006.049-.017.072-.022.048-.034.081-.034.099 0 .032.029.059.066.059a.34.34 0 0 0 .15-.05 1.66 1.66 0 0 1 .223-.091l.281-.099c.052-.016.111-.025.17-.025.048 0 .096.006.144.017.094.022.158.034.19.034a.13.13 0 0 0 .133-.131.35.35 0 0 0-.051-.143l-.074-.115c-.036-.038-.051-.059-.051-.074l.009-.033c.01-.02.028-.033.047-.033.065 0 .193.133.308.323.648 1.057.962 1.391 1.438 1.535.496.15.613.255.613.551 0 .157-.083.346-.258.588-.33.458-.447.726-.447 1.031l.001.068.091-.042c.068-.034.112-.054.133-.058l.206-.041c.065-.013.117-.09.117-.173l-.001-.016-.016-.182-.002-.029c0-.102.05-.187.112-.187.023 0 .049.021.063.05l.132.28c.053.115.116.17.288.248zM17.663 3.42l-.008.132-.002.081c0 .134.021.192.071.192s.141-.102.179-.215a.84.84 0 0 0 .042-.224.41.41 0 0 0-.042-.156c-.037-.09-.075-.132-.121-.132-.071 0-.104.091-.118.322z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M17.089 1.893l.116.115c.169.169.285.513.285.846l-.004.137-.025.388-.008.325c0 1.079.314 1.815.776 1.815.116 0 .258-.107.356-.265.021-.034.049-.06.066-.06.026 0 .039.022.041.068l.017.182.016.156.025.174.025.162c0 .083-.017.092-.215.119a.55.55 0 0 0-.231.091c-.128.082-.203.139-.215.165l-.091.19c-.012.024-.032.041-.053.041-.048 0-.113-.073-.204-.231-.084-.146-.121-.23-.121-.269 0-.026.021-.037.072-.037h.017l.099.008.074-.008.067-.008c.028-.007.049-.031.049-.061 0-.02-.013-.038-.033-.046l-.372-.158c-.089-.038-.185-.134-.272-.272-.095-.152-.151-.285-.151-.36 0-.059.025-.097.065-.097.016 0 .037.006.061.019a.31.31 0 0 0 .097.033c.014 0 .03-.006.044-.017s.025-.027.025-.04c0-.024-.025-.055-.066-.085-.309-.219-.497-.485-.497-.704 0-.064.015-.094.047-.094l.061.006c.045.009.099.017.116.017.045 0 .076-.025.076-.064 0-.024-.03-.054-.076-.076-.206-.103-.257-.162-.388-.455-.101-.224-.153-.318-.24-.429.108-.052.166-.067.257-.067.113 0 .184.074.264.273.05.126.105.211.137.211.015 0 .021-.026.021-.095a.96.96 0 0 0-.034-.248c-.02-.075-.029-.137-.024-.182l-.017-.116-.091-.05c-.084-.045-.141-.154-.141-.271a.61.61 0 0 1 .017-.15l.05-.191a1.6 1.6 0 0 0 .059-.349v-.071l.074.082zm.992 5.953a1.22 1.22 0 0 1-.396-.123.75.75 0 0 0-.31-.084c-.131 0-.231.041-.351.141l.074.057.166.116.158.124c.04.032.089.05.139.05.162 0 .299-.074.522-.281zm3.182 1.502a.47.47 0 0 1 .165-.215c.231-.198.339-.345.339-.462v-.083-.099c0-.106.017-.141.073-.141.025 0 .045.01.051.025l.041.098c.01.023.036.037.07.037.059 0 .101-.042.203-.21.043-.071.061-.117.061-.164 0-.029-.006-.061-.02-.093l-.058-.131a.4.4 0 0 1-.034-.129c0-.054.027-.086.074-.086.025 0 .047.01.06.026l.065.082c.015.018.019.029.044.029s.085-.029.106-.07l.066-.132c.017-.033.025-.059.025-.075 0-.028-.026-.056-.067-.073l-.116-.05c-.135-.058-.248-.291-.248-.512 0-.025.009-.061.025-.107l.05-.141a.41.41 0 0 0 .025-.137c0-.081-.025-.159-.082-.251l-.099-.173c-.048-.123-.076-.164-.117-.164-.029 0-.057.011-.106.039l-.083.05-.116.133-.116.057c-.069.035-.135.184-.135.309 0 .178.039.275.309.757.114.204.168.355.168.47 0 .336-.343.613-.903.727-.669.137-.815.248-.892.678.116-.06.162-.068.366-.068l.121.002h.019c.111 0 .125-.008.196-.107a.62.62 0 0 1 .273-.23l.132-.058.107-.058.033-.009c.03 0 .046.012.046.035 0 .028-.027.076-.079.139-.08.097-.126.196-.126.272 0 .11.018.166.085.265z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M20.223 8.069c.095.059.191.145.248.223.079.108.09.116.169.116a.52.52 0 0 0 .12-.017l.074-.016c.141-.027.183-.047.183-.085 0-.023-.013-.046-.035-.064l-.099-.082-.091-.083a.44.44 0 0 0-.261-.092c-.103 0-.186.027-.309.1zm2.675.446l.049-.009.083-.008.066.008.045.003c.084 0 .127-.009.162-.036.051-.039.104-.101.157-.19.021-.035.032-.068.032-.094 0-.056-.051-.088-.141-.088-.227 0-.366.126-.454.413z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M19.816 2.81c.009.077.049.14.09.14.035 0 .09-.118.176-.263.117-.199.214-.365.214-.471 0-.035-.018-.062-.041-.062l-.009.003-.091.084a.94.94 0 0 1-.273.148c-.106.038-.136.07-.136.14l.012.067.069.143-.011.072zm-.724-.611c-.029-.024-.07-.042-.092-.042-.035 0-.05.018-.05.06l.002.024c.006.045.018.092.032.14a.72.72 0 0 0 .109.231l.125.209a.43.43 0 0 0 .18.114l.006.001c.022 0 .041-.014.043-.034l.026-.165.041-.149.005-.035c0-.04-.023-.076-.062-.096l-.141-.075-.222-.181z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M19.637 3.248h-.044l-.096-.009c-.003-.001-.037-.021-.1-.059-.037-.022-.077-.033-.116-.033-.076 0-.121.047-.121.126 0 .062.037.182.105.344l.108.264c.091.231.185.33.31.33.107 0 .193-.088.26-.263l.091-.372c.044-.116.153-.164.153-.245 0-.095-.106-.186-.196-.186l-.048.009-.124.084-.182.008z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M19.627 3.477h-.099c-.015 0-.03.009-.041.025-.016.023-.025.038-.025.041l.041.198.033.173c.019.095.034.133.105.133.081 0 .15-.055.159-.157l.017-.182.016-.188c0-.018-.009-.036-.024-.051s-.027-.018-.043-.018l-.007.001-.132.025z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M8.2 5.467l.033.124.066.264c.104.472.192.595.421.595.131 0 .24-.073.273-.182l.05-.166c.011-.038.04-.06.079-.06.089 0 .131.093.135.3.002.059.021.194.059.404.022.124.032.245.032.36a.59.59 0 0 1-.049.259c.028.162.05.38.05.506 0 .204-.038.394-.099.493a1.04 1.04 0 0 1 .042.311 1.55 1.55 0 0 1-.026.275l-.044.285a.35.35 0 0 0 .019.111c.016.047.025.081.025.099 0 .023-.011.041-.025.041l-.165-.066-.182-.099c-.059-.032-.099-.064-.19-.148-.161.144-.208.166-.628.281-.084.022-.146.048-.182.074-.052.037-.09.057-.11.057-.071 0-.105-.114-.105-.35 0-.175.018-.337.05-.46a.94.94 0 0 0-.295-.074 1.68 1.68 0 0 0-.126.016l-.031.003c-.024 0-.044-.036-.044-.079 0-.032.022-.112.051-.179l.082-.198c.03-.072.098-.154.198-.239a.53.53 0 0 1 .215-.125l.297-.057c.177-.034.282-.128.282-.251s-.08-.199-.257-.261l-.356-.124a1.91 1.91 0 0 1-.323-.157c-.197-.117-.23-.132-.277-.132-.071 0-.112.054-.112.147 0 .147.096.25.232.25.028 0 .056-.006.083-.017.04-.016.069-.025.085-.025.037 0 .058.022.058.063l-.002.036-.017.14c-.014.12-.092.265-.264.496l-.074.099a1.14 1.14 0 0 1-.446.652l-.091.066c-.007.008-.029.047-.066.116-.017.032-.072.098-.165.198-.07.076-.139.139-.207.19-.092.07-.148.121-.165.149l-.083.141c-.015.025-.04.041-.067.041-.073 0-.14-.076-.182-.206-.03-.097-.057-.125-.12-.125-.032 0-.081.009-.144.025l-.116.016h-.298c-.148 0-.358.039-.454.084-.038.018-.067.026-.085.026s-.033-.011-.055-.051c-.015-.028-.018-.041-.018-.066 0-.151.108-.435.249-.661.09-.143.119-.176.223-.264-.033-.14-.123-.249-.231-.28l-.141-.041c-.019-.006-.033-.022-.033-.04 0-.043.067-.102.191-.167.161-.085.324-.132.454-.132.137 0 .27.054.422.174.224.175.284.207.393.207.177 0 .345-.162.345-.331 0-.113-.06-.234-.218-.438-.23-.298-.299-.452-.299-.671 0-.136.042-.309.093-.386l.083-.123c.017-.028.028-.055.028-.08 0-.055-.064-.095-.149-.095-.13 0-.381.093-.581.215-.099.061-.166.132-.166.176 0 .026.013.05.034.064l.091.058c.011.007.018.02.018.034s-.014.038-.034.064l-.165.215a2.76 2.76 0 0 1-.347.363.57.57 0 0 0-.083.083c-.001.001-.023.042-.066.124a1.3 1.3 0 0 1-.364.371c-.061.042-.099.072-.115.091s-.034.053-.066.115c-.021.04-.057.098-.108.173-.081.12-.148.205-.198.256L3.4 8.67c-.071.071-.133.209-.231.511-.058.183-.111.29-.142.29-.014 0-.037-.018-.065-.051-.164-.187-.305-.298-.379-.298-.017 0-.048.014-.092.042-.061.038-.136.067-.223.083l-.305.057c-.231.044-.322.094-.455.248-.032.036-.058.057-.072.057-.025 0-.044-.041-.044-.096l.008-.077.042-.223c.044-.239.098-.416.165-.537l.14-.256c.028-.05.042-.095.042-.134 0-.19-.197-.365-.437-.387-.061-.005-.084-.02-.084-.054 0-.042.067-.125.159-.193.165-.126.382-.215.52-.215.084 0 .213.035.371.099l.182.074a.49.49 0 0 0 .184.043c.192 0 .379-.175.609-.57.104-.179.149-.308.149-.424 0-.208-.099-.336-.262-.336a.53.53 0 0 0-.357.156c-.083.084-.127.172-.127.256l.003.092.001.02c0 .077-.026.12-.072.12-.078 0-.191-.111-.516-.504-.242-.293-.296-.418-.306-.711-.28-.357-.35-.508-.35-.762l.011-.17c-.194-.233-.249-.36-.249-.574 0-.078.013-.124.059-.218-.099-.145-.13-.21-.157-.322l-.041-.174c-.028-.118-.073-.22-.132-.305-.075-.107-.083-.121-.083-.158 0-.096.066-.134.356-.205-.012-.08-.017-.142-.017-.183 0-.048.006-.094.025-.197l.058-.306c.023-.123.035-.211.035-.264s-.009-.098-.06-.263a.9.9 0 0 0-.074-.19c-.027-.042-.05-.094-.05-.113 0-.029.02-.045.057-.045.082 0 .298.131.522.316.474.392.572.549.637 1.023l.025.166c.227.167.347.369.347.585a1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.165.529l-.166.256a.5.5 0 0 0-.074.273c0 .155.045.298.157.494.127.223.235.314.368.314.218 0 .409-.379.409-.81v-.058l-.001-.149c0-.084.005-.167.018-.272l.024-.24.009-.199.003-.13c0-.046-.024-.093-.086-.158l-.181-.198c-.263-.287-.407-.556-.407-.757a.42.42 0 0 1 .422-.439.6.6 0 0 1 .175.032v-.056c0-.364.075-.633.175-.633l.04.013.149.132.181.116.05.049c0-.102.005-.113.108-.232.025-.028.063-.081.115-.157l.082-.124.042-.074c.022-.042.044-.062.068-.062s.042.03.072.12c.019.056.032.071.174.198.049.044.083.081.098.108s.036.078.067.164l.025.067a.5.5 0 0 1 .165-.149l.124-.074c.046-.028.078-.043.092-.043s.026.02.041.05.035.07.066.124c.088.153.117.227.117.299l-.002.081V1.9c.271.085.373.225.373.517 0 .21-.11.451-.323.705-.142.169-.158.202-.158.32 0 .611.426.965 1.175.976l.553.008c.356.006.569.041.9.148.393.128.507.158.621.158.038 0 .076-.012.107-.034s.049-.049.049-.073c0-.116-.203-.209-.867-.397-1.363-.386-1.941-.934-1.941-1.836 0-.697.58-1.237 1.33-1.237a2.89 2.89 0 0 1 .826.141l.338.124c.062.023.122.035.178.035.115 0 .174-.096.177-.291.003-.104.026-.14.094-.14.095 0 .242.119.377.306s.224.401.224.542c0 .188-.088.319-.29.432-.185.282-.414.412-.72.412-.239 0-.578-.135-1.139-.454-.196-.111-.295-.148-.398-.148-.146 0-.241.084-.241.214 0 .119.092.196.334.28.357.125.445.174.586.323.421.073.604.146.868.346.725.23 1.175.724 1.175 1.291 0 .551-.373.947-.892.947a1.6 1.6 0 0 1-.391-.05z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M9.021 9.083a.91.91 0 0 1-.03-.199l.006-.065.025-.132.009-.107c0-.115-.019-.196-.058-.248L8.872 8.2c-.032-.044-.061-.097-.082-.158-.011-.03-.017-.054-.017-.069 0-.037.023-.061.06-.061.022 0 .031.004.106.048.032.019.06.028.081.028.049 0 .076-.08.076-.22 0-.159-.015-.248-.05-.288l-.124-.14-.107-.091c-.026-.022-.044-.05-.044-.072 0-.035.027-.06.067-.06s.117.018.183.042l.038.008c.034 0 .047-.02.047-.068l-.002-.03-.025-.174-.049-.181c-.016-.059-.025-.068-.063-.068l-.021.003-.206.041-.033.003c-.271 0-.557-.228-.644-.515l-.165-.537c-.051-.166-.175-.323-.397-.504-.067-.055-.124-.086-.165-.09l-.149-.017c-.027-.003-.045-.019-.045-.041 0-.034.032-.049.103-.049l.272.024a2.14 2.14 0 0 1 .446.116c.247.085.414.121.554.121.413 0 .661-.223.661-.597 0-.256-.134-.545-.338-.731-.117-.104-.233-.182-.273-.182-.023 0-.042.019-.042.044l.008.105v.01c0 .041-.024.073-.057.073-.042 0-.089-.054-.143-.165-.156-.325-.404-.518-.661-.518-.043 0-.074.018-.074.044 0 .017.013.057.041.119l.066.148a.28.28 0 0 1 .027.076c0 .009-.016.018-.035.018-.038 0-.098-.034-.14-.078l-.123-.132-.108-.166c-.086-.132-.155-.192-.339-.289l-.198-.107c-.038-.022-.073-.033-.103-.033s-.044.014-.044.043.011.058.032.09c.061.094.085.141.085.166s-.019.049-.043.049c-.064 0-.197-.13-.315-.305-.097-.145-.149-.307-.149-.464 0-.355.259-.619.61-.619.181 0 .41.077.621.207l.388.24a1.02 1.02 0 0 0 .452.149 1.11 1.11 0 0 0 .242-.042c.036-.01.07-.023.099-.041.023-.014.039-.032.039-.046s-.009-.032-.023-.036l-.049-.016-.182-.034c-.047-.008-.122-.036-.223-.083l-.414-.206a1.61 1.61 0 0 0-.272-.156c-.067-.023-.109-.053-.109-.079s.013-.036.037-.036.054.011.088.032c.122.076.228.116.306.116l.355.124c.176.062.433.116.549.116.15 0 .271-.122.271-.273a.72.72 0 0 0-.143-.362c-.019-.027-.039-.042-.056-.042-.033 0-.051.024-.051.066l.008.067.013.098c0 .107-.072.191-.164.191a.44.44 0 0 1-.13-.026l-.537-.173c-.45-.145-.658-.19-.884-.19-.642.001-1.132.442-1.132 1.022 0 .657.462 1.081 1.603 1.472 1.123.385 1.281.479 1.281.768 0 .166-.168.314-.356.314a1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.198-.017l-.562-.132a4.18 4.18 0 0 0-1.028-.116c-.81 0-1.26.142-1.649.521-.097.095-.129.109-.241.109l-.056-.002-.116-.008h-.015c-.097 0-.169.045-.233.149l-.141.223c-.023.031-.058.049-.094.049-.074 0-.119-.056-.203-.256a.7.7 0 0 0-.173-.249l-.165-.149c-.027-.024-.042-.046-.042-.063s.012-.045.033-.077c.079-.115.107-.166.116-.215.022-.11.025-.115.071-.115s.066.051.07.24a.6.6 0 0 0 .067.223l.091.198c.011.026.041.042.074.042.085 0 .194-.201.223-.413.024-.177.042-.232.079-.232.015 0 .029.006.036.017s.034.061.074.148a.33.33 0 0 0 .108.124.34.34 0 0 0 .099.058l.01.001c.067 0 .09-.044.106-.2l.008-.082-.017-.116-.012-.08c0-.053.019-.085.049-.085.018 0 .04.012.062.033l.083.083c.055.054.11.082.163.082.069 0 .111-.028.111-.073 0-.04-.015-.079-.076-.191l-.058-.107c-.066-.125-.119-.174-.181-.174l-.083.008-.099.041c-.03.012-.052.019-.065.019s-.026-.014-.026-.033c0-.074.048-.191.14-.336.065-.105.11-.328.132-.649.028-.431.086-.711.146-.711.041 0 .057.035.057.127l-.004.113-.003.079c0 .077.017.139.037.139.071 0 .155-.105.222-.276.028-.072.043-.128.043-.168l-.009-.038-.165-.306-.165-.049c-.031-.009-.051-.023-.058-.037V1.9v-.09l-.016-.1-.033-.083-.041-.091c-.181.098-.267.163-.331.247s-.101.12-.133.12c-.021 0-.04-.02-.04-.044s.008-.065.025-.134l.005-.046c0-.178-.108-.352-.286-.465l-.05.066-.058.083-.099.116a.48.48 0 0 0-.083.165.32.32 0 0 0-.017.094v.013l.001.03c0 .069-.007.086-.038.086l-.02-.009-.058-.082-.09-.099-.14-.091-.074-.058-.033.074c-.026.058-.04.102-.041.133l-.009.132-.008.14.001.024c0 .072-.017.1-.061.1-.015 0-.057-.018-.097-.041a.24.24 0 0 0-.12-.034c-.129 0-.211.089-.211.228 0 .165.049.323.133.433l.107.14c.03.037.084.07.087.049l.02-.173-.025-.14-.005-.063c0-.053.018-.086.049-.086.047 0 .075.051.105.19l.066.306.067.388a1.54 1.54 0 0 0 .099.33 1.71 1.71 0 0 0 .141.289c.092.118.102.134.102.16 0 .02-.017.038-.035.038s-.043-.009-.074-.025a.34.34 0 0 0-.099-.033l-.065-.009c-.133 0-.16.114-.16.665a3.35 3.35 0 0 0 .159 1.012l.173.438a.54.54 0 0 1 .041.205c0 .602-.799 1.547-1.677 1.983-.327.161-.431.317-.454.676l-.008.108a1.15 1.15 0 0 1 .28-.116c.246-.064.294-.095.331-.215l.032-.107c.013-.04.033-.055.223-.157.065-.034.111-.072.133-.107.041-.07.076-.107.098-.107s.032.01.032.027l-.007.029-.082.236-.01.058c0 .175.096.317.274.408.029-.191.049-.256.108-.346l.148-.231c.055-.086.078-.19.078-.353a1.53 1.53 0 0 0-.02-.258l-.006-.065c0-.042.022-.066.058-.066.029 0 .052.01.055.024l.033.157c.006.034.041.058.08.058.08 0 .183-.103.291-.289a.44.44 0 0 0 .061-.219l-.012-.112-.025-.123-.002-.024c0-.054.03-.092.073-.092.019 0 .034.007.037.016l.049.191c.017.063.061.107.107.107.056 0 .151-.096.207-.207a.73.73 0 0 0 .075-.338c0-.176.018-.227.083-.227.021 0 .037.007.041.02l.033.107c.013.039.036.065.059.065.034 0 .127-.1.189-.206.017-.027.025-.055.025-.077 0-.035-.024-.071-.075-.113-.086-.071-.091-.082-.091-.19s.017-.158.091-.289l.107-.198c.104-.204.142-.257.18-.257.032 0 .06.034.06.073 0 .022-.006.045-.017.068a.28.28 0 0 0-.033.098c0 .032.027.059.061.059s.088-.017.146-.05c.022-.013.099-.042.231-.091l.273-.099a.49.49 0 0 1 .165-.025.66.66 0 0 1 .148.017l.191.034c.075 0 .141-.064.141-.138 0-.055-.057-.163-.133-.251-.028-.033-.042-.058-.042-.075l.01-.033c.011-.02.028-.033.044-.033.056 0 .186.139.303.323.711 1.119.966 1.39 1.446 1.535.486.148.613.261.613.55 0 .158-.081.341-.258.589-.36.503-.447.706-.447 1.038v.061l.091-.042c.067-.034.112-.054.132-.058l.206-.041c.062-.013.117-.092.117-.169l-.001-.021-.025-.182-.002-.024c0-.064.032-.138.076-.174.014-.01.028-.018.043-.018.023 0 .051.022.065.051l.132.28c.054.115.117.169.288.248zm-6.66-5.985c-.06 0-.091.052-.097.165l-.016.156-.02.2c0 .118.035.205.083.205s.135-.101.177-.216c.025-.07.037-.13.037-.193 0-.055-.013-.121-.037-.187-.03-.084-.076-.132-.126-.132zm-.685-1.205l.116.115c.189.188.282.501.282.945 0 .098-.005.163-.026.425l-.017.34c0 1.024.333 1.798.774 1.798.139 0 .229-.066.359-.264.021-.032.054-.06.075-.06s.039.021.041.068l.017.182.017.156.016.174.025.157.002.02c0 .046-.02.072-.059.079l-.149.025c-.074.012-.152.043-.231.091-.125.075-.199.132-.215.165l-.091.19c-.013.024-.032.041-.052.041-.048 0-.125-.084-.213-.231-.075-.126-.121-.228-.121-.27 0-.026.02-.036.073-.036h.016l.107.008.066-.008.075-.008c.028-.004.05-.028.05-.058 0-.022-.014-.041-.033-.049l-.371-.158a.58.58 0 0 1-.281-.272c-.102-.196-.15-.313-.15-.371 0-.051.027-.085.067-.085.014 0 .034.006.058.018a.33.33 0 0 0 .105.033c.032 0 .061-.025.061-.052s-.03-.062-.066-.089c-.31-.225-.488-.484-.488-.707 0-.062.015-.092.048-.092l.06.007.107.016h.005c.04 0 .071-.026.071-.064 0-.023-.028-.054-.068-.076l-.132-.074c-.046-.029-.085-.068-.115-.116a7.22 7.22 0 0 1-.14-.264l-.116-.223-.075-.14a.75.75 0 0 0-.05-.066.52.52 0 0 1 .257-.067c.113 0 .184.074.264.273.05.126.105.211.136.211.016 0 .021-.027.021-.097a.94.94 0 0 0-.034-.246c-.02-.075-.029-.137-.025-.182l-.016-.116-.099-.05c-.022-.01-.048-.04-.075-.082-.046-.072-.066-.133-.066-.188 0-.035.009-.092.025-.15.084-.315.108-.438.108-.54l-.001-.071.075.082z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M2.666 7.846c-.115-.017-.169-.03-.24-.058l-.157-.065c-.133-.057-.233-.084-.316-.084-.125 0-.227.042-.344.141l.074.057.165.116.157.124a.22.22 0 0 0 .136.05c.162 0 .303-.076.525-.281zm3.179 1.503c.045-.103.067-.131.165-.215.231-.198.338-.345.338-.462v-.083-.099c0-.106.018-.141.073-.141.025 0 .044.01.051.025l.041.098c.01.023.037.038.07.038s.079-.038.121-.096l.083-.115c.041-.058.06-.107.06-.161a.27.27 0 0 0-.018-.095l-.058-.132a.39.39 0 0 1-.034-.129c0-.054.027-.086.074-.086.024 0 .046.01.059.026l.066.082c.014.018.038.029.063.029.03 0 .065-.029.086-.07l.066-.132c.017-.033.026-.059.026-.074 0-.026-.027-.052-.075-.075l-.107-.05c-.142-.065-.249-.292-.249-.529a.24.24 0 0 1 .017-.09l.058-.141a.33.33 0 0 0 .025-.132c0-.086-.028-.172-.083-.256l-.108-.173c-.049-.13-.074-.167-.114-.167l-.042.01-.058.033-.091.05-.107.133-.115.057c-.069.035-.135.182-.135.303 0 .215.024.274.307.762.11.188.168.352.168.472 0 .338-.303.579-.911.725l-.38.091c-.28.067-.445.259-.504.587.116-.06.161-.068.366-.068l.122.002h.019c.11 0 .125-.008.195-.107.082-.114.162-.182.273-.23l.132-.058.107-.058.033-.009c.03 0 .046.012.046.034 0 .032-.03.086-.078.14-.095.106-.132.194-.132.32 0 .08.019.126.091.217z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M4.805 8.068a.95.95 0 0 1 .248.223c.079.108.09.116.168.116.033 0 .074-.006.121-.017l.074-.016c.136-.026.183-.046.183-.08 0-.02-.015-.045-.042-.069l-.091-.082-.091-.083a.45.45 0 0 0-.273-.093c-.099 0-.157.02-.298.101zm2.679.447l.049-.009.075-.008.074.008.036.003c.183 0 .36-.155.36-.319 0-.057-.052-.088-.146-.088-.223 0-.362.128-.449.414z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M4.402 2.81c.009.076.049.14.089.14.035 0 .075-.091.161-.237.117-.198.229-.392.229-.497 0-.035-.017-.062-.041-.062l-.008.003-.091.083c-.066.06-.118.088-.281.148-.093.036-.127.073-.127.141l.012.066.041.116.017.099z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M3.896 2.379l.14.075c.039.02.06.047.06.08l-.01.052c-.02.07-.004.147-.005.176-.007.148-.119.146-.165.146-.027 0-.013-.017-.078-.091l-.182-.206c-.056-.063-.105-.208-.124-.371l-.001-.021c0-.045.014-.062.05-.062.022 0 .063.018.091.042l.223.181zm.323.867h-.045l-.095-.009a3.81 3.81 0 0 1-.099-.059c-.037-.022-.078-.033-.118-.033-.075 0-.123.041-.123.104s.033.181.109.367l.108.264c.094.232.186.331.307.331.108 0 .123-.106.196-.289.165-.415.257-.476.257-.623 0-.1-.022-.127-.113-.127l-.077-.018-.132.084-.174.008z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M4.212 3.477h-.107c-.016 0-.032.009-.041.025l-.016.041.041.198.033.173c.018.095.053.133.124.133.081 0 .131-.055.14-.157l.016-.182.016-.188c0-.018-.009-.036-.025-.051s-.027-.018-.041-.018l-.008.001-.132.025z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M14.987 10.884c-.072-.176-.245-.3-.447-.3s-.375.124-.447.3h-.705c-.072-.176-.245-.3-.447-.3s-.375.124-.447.3h-.705c-.072-.176-.245-.3-.447-.3s-.375.124-.447.3H9.98v4.28h.81v1.641h.95v-1.64h2.399v1.64h.949v-1.64h.809v-4.28h-.911z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M10.965 15.539h.492v.632h-.492v-.632zm0 .774h.492v.2h-.492v-.2zm3.351-.774h.492v.632h-.492v-.632zm0 .774h.492v.2h-.492v-.2z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g fill="#e73337" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M10.309 11.234h5.256v.195h-5.256v-.195zm.002 3.599h5.254v-3.22h-5.256l.002 3.22z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="C" data-v-7c4b1471><use xlink:href="#B" data-v-7c4b1471></use><path d="M12.715 11.1c0-.124.101-.225.225-.225s.225.101.225.225v.591c0 .124-.101.225-.225.225s-.225-.101-.225-.225V11.1zm1.598 0c0-.124.101-.225.225-.225s.225.101.225.225v.591c0 .124-.101.225-.225.225s-.225-.101-.225-.225V11.1zm-2.633 2.158c.339.424.766.633 1.294.633.489 0 .826-.175 1.222-.633-.395-.405-.763-.575-1.246-.575-.508 0-.966.207-1.27.575z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><g class="B" data-v-7c4b1471><path d="M12.938 12.873c-.364 0-.659.113-1.008.383.289.286.629.433 1.002.433.42 0 .694-.116 1.006-.425-.358-.284-.633-.391-1-.391zm-.014.483c-.195 0-.36-.052-.569-.183.174-.094.37-.142.578-.142a1.38 1.38 0 0 1 .597.142 1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.605.183zm2.079 1.191c-.157 0-.284-.127-.284-.283s.127-.284.284-.284.284.127.284.284-.127.283-.284.283z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><path d="M15.002 14.049c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.097.215.216.215.216-.097.216-.215-.097-.216-.216-.216z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M10.887 14.547c-.161 0-.293-.127-.293-.283s.127-.284.284-.284.284.127.284.284a.28.28 0 0 1-.275.283z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M10.876 14.049c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.101.215.225.215c.114 0 .208-.097.208-.215s-.097-.216-.216-.216z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M10.877 12.593c-.156 0-.284-.127-.284-.284s.127-.283.284-.283.284.127.284.283-.128.284-.284.284z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><use xlink:href="#C" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></use><path d="M15.003 12.593c-.157 0-.284-.127-.284-.284s.127-.283.284-.283.284.127.284.283-.127.284-.284.284z" class="B" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path d="M15.002 12.092c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.097.216.216.216.216-.097.216-.216-.097-.216-.216-.216z" class="C" data-v-7c4b1471></path></g><defs data-v-7c4b1471><clipPath id="A" data-v-7c4b1471><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h148.235v30H0z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></clipPath><path id="B" d="M11.113 11.1c0-.124.101-.225.225-.225s.225.101.225.225v.591c0 .124-.101.225-.225.225s-.225-.101-.225-.225V11.1z" data-v-7c4b1471></path><path id="C" d="M10.876 12.092c-.119 0-.216.097-.216.216s.097.216.216.216.216-.097.216-.216-.097-.216-.216-.216z" data-v-7c4b1471></path></defs></svg></a></div><div class="gh-mobile-menu-options"><div class="gh-menu-option"><button aria-expanded="false"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--profile" style="color:;" title="Login and registration" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></div><div class="gh-menu-option"><a href="/core/shopping-cart" rel="nofollow"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--shopping-cart" style="color:;" title="Shopping cart" data-v-27c0a44c></div></a></div><div class="gh-menu-option"><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="AdditionalMenuOptions"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--chevron-down" style="color:;" title="Additional menu options" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="gh-popovers gh-desktop-nav"><div class="gh-popoverContainer gh-popoverContainer-productsAndServicesPopover" id="gh-productsAndServicesPopover"><button class="gh-popoverTrigger gh-popoverHeader" aria-expanded="false"><div class="gh-menu-option"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--grid" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c></div> Products and Services </div><svg width="12" height="7" viewbox="0 0 12 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="gh-icon gh-chevron"><path d="M1.28033 0.21967C0.987436 -0.0732233 0.512564 -0.0732233 0.21967 0.21967C-0.0732231 0.512563 -0.0732231 0.987437 0.21967 1.28033L5.21967 6.28033C5.51256 6.57322 5.98744 6.57322 6.28033 6.28033L11.2803 1.28033C11.5732 0.987437 11.5732 0.512563 11.2803 0.21967C10.9874 -0.0732233 10.5126 -0.0732233 10.2197 0.21967L5.75 4.68934L1.28033 0.21967Z" class="fill-current" stroke="none"></path></svg></button></div><div class="gh-profile"><div class="gh-menu-option"><a href="/core/register"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--register" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c></div>Register</a></div><div class="gh-menu-option"><a href="/core/login"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--sign-in" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c></div>Log In</a></div></div><div class="gh-menu-option"><a href="/core/shopping-cart" rel="nofollow"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--shopping-cart" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c></div> (0) Cart</a></div></div></nav></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div><script></script> </div> <global-header id="global-header-wc" class="global-header" environment="prod" show-discovery-tool="false" register-url="/core/register?ref=/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" login-url="/core/login?ref=/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" logout-url="/core/logout?ref=/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" my-account-url="/core/my-core" basket-url="/core/shopping-cart" basket-items-count="0" style="display:none" ></global-header> </div> <script> const globalHeader = $('#global-header'); const globalHeaderWc = $('#global-header-wc'); const maintenanceMessage = $('#maintenance-message'); const maintenanceMessageWc = $('#maintenance-message-wc'); globalHeaderWc.on('initialized', function () { globalHeader.hide(); globalHeaderWc.show(); }); maintenanceMessageWc.on('initialized', function () { maintenanceMessage.hide(); maintenanceMessageWc.show(); }); </script> </header> <div class="off-canvas-wrap desktop overflow-visible"> <div class="inner-wrap"> </div> </div> <div id='platform-header'> <div class="__shared-elements-html ShEl"><div class="__shared-elements-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/entry.BhGMTrWu.css"> <link rel="prefetch" as="style" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/error-404.B06nACMW.css"> <link rel="prefetch" as="style" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/error-500.WGRfNq7F.css"> </div><div class="__shared-elements-body"><div id="__sharedElements-izaru"><div class="apl"><section class="apl-platform-header apl-theme--core" data-v-cabeb8f7><div tabindex="0" data-v-cabeb8f7><div class="apl-container apl-container--no-padding apl-container--full-width apl-platform-header__container--full-width" data-v-cabeb8f7><div class="apl-container apl-platform-header__container apl-platform-header__container--mobile" data-v-5f67d08b data-v-cabeb8f7><div class="apl-platform-header__branding" data-v-5f67d08b><a href="/core/" class="platform-logo" title="Cambridge Core homepage"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 209 20" fill="none" role="img" width="140" height="30"><title> Logo for Cambridge Core from Cambridge University Press. Click to return to homepage. </title><path d="M173.541 7.465c-4.172 0-7.648 3.521-7.648 7.747s3.476 7.746 7.648 7.746 7.648-3.521 7.648-7.746-3.337-7.747-7.648-7.747zm0 11.408c-2.086 0-3.616-1.69-3.616-3.662s1.669-3.662 3.616-3.662c2.086 0 3.615 1.69 3.615 3.662.139 2.113-1.529 3.662-3.615 3.662zm-159.357.704c-.973.563-1.947.704-3.198.704a8.31 8.31 0 0 1-3.337-.704c-.973-.423-1.808-.986-2.503-1.831-.695-.704-1.112-1.69-1.53-2.676s-.556-1.972-.556-3.099.139-2.253.556-3.38.834-1.972 1.53-2.676 1.53-1.408 2.503-1.831 2.086-.704 3.198-.704c.973 0 1.947.141 2.781.563.973.423 1.669.986 2.225 1.831l2.364-1.831c-.834-1.127-1.947-1.972-3.198-2.394-1.391-.563-2.642-.845-4.033-.845-1.669 0-3.059.282-4.45.845S4.033 2.817 3.059 3.944C2.086 4.93 1.391 6.197.834 7.465.278 8.873 0 10.282 0 11.972c0 1.268.278 2.676.695 3.944.556 1.268 1.251 2.394 2.086 3.521.973.986 2.086 1.831 3.337 2.535 1.391.563 2.781.986 4.45.986 1.252 0 2.225-.141 3.198-.422s1.669-.704 2.364-1.127 1.112-.845 1.53-1.268.695-.704.834-.986l-2.364-1.831c-.278.986-.973 1.69-1.947 2.254zm18.773.282v-7.183c0-.563-.139-1.268-.278-1.831-.278-.563-.556-1.127-1.112-1.549-.417-.423-1.112-.845-1.808-.986-.695-.282-1.669-.423-2.642-.423s-1.947.141-2.92.563c-.973.282-1.808.845-2.642 1.549l1.53 1.69c.278-.141.417-.422.695-.563s.556-.423.834-.563.695-.282 1.112-.423S26.56 10 27.116 10s1.112.141 1.53.282.695.422.973.704.417.563.556.986.139.704.139 1.127v.563h-1.947c-1.113 0-2.086.141-3.059.282s-1.808.422-2.503.845-1.251.845-1.669 1.549c-.417.563-.556 1.409-.556 2.254 0 .704.139 1.268.417 1.831s.556.986 1.113 1.268c.417.423.973.563 1.53.845.556.141 1.252.282 1.808.282 1.112 0 1.947-.141 2.781-.563s1.53-.986 2.086-1.972c0 .704 0 1.408.139 2.113h2.364c0-.423 0-.704-.139-1.127.417-.423.278-.845.278-1.408zm-2.364-3.239c0 .423 0 .986-.139 1.408s-.417.986-.695 1.268c-.278.422-.695.704-1.251.986s-1.112.422-1.808.422c-.973 0-1.669-.141-2.225-.563s-.834-.986-.834-1.69c0-.563.139-.986.556-1.408.278-.423.834-.563 1.391-.845.556-.141 1.112-.282 1.808-.423.695 0 1.252-.141 1.947-.141h1.391v.986h-.139zM56.039 10c-.417-.563-.973-.986-1.669-1.408s-1.53-.563-2.642-.563c-.834 0-1.669.282-2.503.704s-1.53 1.127-1.947 1.972c-.417-.845-.973-1.549-1.808-1.972-.695-.423-1.53-.704-2.642-.704-.695 0-1.251.141-1.669.282-.556.141-.973.423-1.391.704s-.695.563-.973.845-.417.563-.417.704V8.31h-2.503v14.085h2.642V15.07c0-.845.139-1.549.278-2.113s.417-1.127.834-1.408c.278-.423.695-.704 1.113-.845s.834-.282 1.39-.282c.695 0 1.113.141 1.53.282.417.282.695.563.834.986s.278.845.417 1.409c0 .563.139 1.127.139 1.831v7.324h2.642v-7.746c0-1.268.278-2.253.834-3.098s1.53-1.127 2.781-1.127c.695 0 1.112.141 1.53.282.417.282.695.563.973.845.278.422.417.845.417 1.268 0 .563.139.986.139 1.549v7.887h2.642v-8.169c0-.845-.139-1.549-.278-2.254 0-.422-.278-1.127-.695-1.69zm16.826.141c-.556-.704-1.391-1.127-2.225-1.549s-1.808-.563-2.92-.563c-.973 0-1.947.282-2.781.704s-1.53.986-2.086 1.69V0h-2.642v22.394h2.642v-1.972a6.17 6.17 0 0 0 2.086 1.69c.834.422 1.808.563 2.781.563 1.112 0 2.086-.141 2.92-.563s1.669-.845 2.225-1.549 1.112-1.408 1.391-2.394c.278-.845.556-1.831.556-2.958 0-.986-.139-1.972-.556-2.958-.278-.704-.695-1.408-1.391-2.113zm-1.252 7.183c-.278.563-.556 1.127-.973 1.549s-.834.704-1.391.986-1.251.422-1.947.422-1.391-.141-1.947-.422-1.112-.563-1.391-.986c-.417-.422-.695-.986-.973-1.549s-.278-1.268-.278-1.972.139-1.408.278-1.972c.278-.563.556-1.127.973-1.549s.834-.704 1.391-.986 1.252-.423 1.947-.423 1.391.141 1.947.423 1.112.563 1.391.986c.417.423.695.986.973 1.549s.278 1.268.278 1.972c.139.704 0 1.409-.278 1.972zM82.46 8.169c-.417.141-.834.282-1.112.563-.417.282-.695.423-.973.845-.278.282-.556.704-.695.986V8.451h-2.642v14.085h2.642v-7.042c0-1.549.278-2.676.973-3.38s1.669-1.127 2.92-1.127h.695c.278 0 .417.141.695.141l.139-2.817c-.417-.141-.695-.141-1.112-.141a2.82 2.82 0 0 0-1.53 0zm5.145 14.225h2.642V8.31h-2.642v14.085zm1.252-20.986a1.77 1.77 0 0 0-1.391.563c-.278.423-.556.845-.556 1.408s.139.986.556 1.408a1.77 1.77 0 0 0 1.391.563 1.77 1.77 0 0 0 1.39-.563c.417-.423.556-.845.556-1.408s-.139-.986-.556-1.408a1.77 1.77 0 0 0-1.39-.563zm15.574 9.014a6.17 6.17 0 0 0-2.085-1.69c-.835-.423-1.808-.704-2.781-.704-1.112 0-2.086.141-2.92.563s-1.669.845-2.225 1.549-1.112 1.409-1.391 2.394c-.278.845-.556 1.831-.556 2.958 0 .986.139 1.972.556 2.958.278.845.834 1.69 1.391 2.394s1.391 1.268 2.225 1.549c.834.422 1.808.563 2.92.563.974 0 1.807-.141 2.781-.563a6.17 6.17 0 0 0 2.085-1.69v1.972h2.643V0h-2.643v10.423zm-.417 6.901c-.278.563-.556 1.127-.973 1.549s-.834.704-1.391.986-1.251.422-1.946.422-1.391-.141-1.947-.422-1.112-.563-1.39-.986c-.417-.422-.695-.986-.973-1.549s-.278-1.268-.278-1.972.139-1.408.278-1.972c.278-.563.556-1.127.973-1.549s.834-.704 1.39-.986 1.252-.423 1.947-.423 1.39.141 1.946.423 1.113.563 1.391.986c.417.423.695.986.973 1.549s.278 1.268.278 1.972c.139.704 0 1.409-.278 1.972zm17.104-6.901c-.556-.704-1.251-1.268-2.225-1.69-.834-.423-1.808-.563-2.781-.563-1.112 0-2.086.141-2.92.563s-1.669.845-2.225 1.549-1.112 1.408-1.39 2.394c-.279.845-.557 1.831-.557 2.958 0 .986.139 1.972.557 2.817s.834 1.69 1.529 2.253c.695.704 1.391 1.127 2.225 1.549s1.808.563 2.781.563 1.947-.141 2.781-.563a5.21 5.21 0 0 0 2.086-1.831h.139v2.113c0 .563-.139 1.127-.278 1.831-.139.563-.417 1.127-.834 1.549s-.835.845-1.53 1.127-1.53.422-2.503.422-1.947-.141-2.781-.563-1.53-.986-2.225-1.69l-1.808 2.253c.974.986 2.086 1.549 3.199 1.972s2.364.563 3.615.563c1.112 0 2.225-.141 3.059-.563.974-.422 1.808-.845 2.364-1.549.695-.704 1.252-1.408 1.53-2.253.417-.845.556-1.831.556-2.958V8.732h-2.642v1.69h.278zm-1.251 8.451c-.835.845-1.947 1.268-3.338 1.268s-2.503-.422-3.337-1.268-1.252-1.972-1.252-3.38c0-.704.139-1.408.279-1.972.278-.563.556-1.127.973-1.549s.834-.704 1.39-.986 1.252-.423 1.947-.423 1.391.141 1.947.423 1.112.563 1.391.986c.417.423.695.986.973 1.549s.278 1.268.278 1.972c0 1.408-.417 2.535-1.251 3.38zm18.633-8.451c-.556-.704-1.251-1.268-2.086-1.69s-1.947-.704-3.198-.704c-1.113 0-1.947.141-2.92.563-.835.423-1.669.845-2.225 1.549-.695.704-1.113 1.409-1.53 2.394-.417.845-.556 1.831-.556 2.958 0 .986.139 1.972.556 2.958.278.845.835 1.69 1.391 2.394s1.39 1.127 2.225 1.549 1.946.563 3.059.563c2.642 0 4.728-.986 6.257-2.817l-2.085-1.831c-.557.704-1.113 1.127-1.669 1.549s-1.391.563-2.086.563c-.556 0-1.251-.141-1.808-.282s-1.112-.422-1.529-.845-.835-.845-1.113-1.268a3.79 3.79 0 0 1-.417-1.69h11.264v-.845c0-.845-.139-1.831-.418-2.676-.139-.986-.556-1.69-1.112-2.394zm-9.734 3.803c0-.423.139-.986.278-1.408s.556-.986.835-1.268c.417-.423.834-.704 1.39-.986a3.81 3.81 0 0 1 1.808-.423c.695 0 1.251.141 1.808.282s.973.563 1.251.845c.278.422.556.845.695 1.268.139.563.278.986.278 1.69h-8.343zm30.592 3.944c-.695.422-1.529.563-2.503.563-.834 0-1.529-.141-2.364-.563-.695-.282-1.39-.845-1.807-1.408-.557-.563-.974-1.268-1.252-2.113a8.3 8.3 0 0 1-.417-2.676 8.3 8.3 0 0 1 .417-2.676c.278-.845.695-1.549 1.252-2.113s1.112-1.127 1.946-1.408c.696-.282 1.53-.563 2.364-.563s1.669.141 2.225.423c.695.282 1.252.704 1.669 1.268l3.476-2.958c-.417-.563-.973-1.127-1.529-1.408-.557-.423-1.113-.704-1.808-.986-.556-.282-1.252-.423-1.947-.563s-1.251-.141-1.808-.141c-1.668 0-3.198.282-4.449.704a12.06 12.06 0 0 0-3.616 2.254c-.973.986-1.807 2.113-2.364 3.521s-.834 2.958-.834 4.507c0 1.69.278 3.239.834 4.507.557 1.409 1.391 2.535 2.364 3.521s2.225 1.69 3.616 2.253 2.92.704 4.449.704c1.391 0 2.782-.282 4.172-.845s2.503-1.549 3.337-2.817l-3.893-2.817c-.139.845-.834 1.409-1.53 1.831zm32.539-10.563c-.973 0-1.808.282-2.503.704s-1.251 1.127-1.668 1.972V8.028h-4.45v14.366h4.45v-6.056c0-.704 0-1.408.139-1.972s.278-1.127.556-1.549.695-.704 1.112-.986c.556-.282 1.113-.422 1.947-.422.278 0 .695 0 .973.141.279 0 .557.141.974.282V7.746c-.278 0-.417-.141-.695-.141h-.835zm16.965 7.606c0-1.127-.139-2.254-.417-3.099a5.18 5.18 0 0 0-1.391-2.394c-.556-.704-1.251-1.127-2.086-1.549s-1.807-.563-2.781-.563c-1.112 0-2.086.141-3.059.563s-1.808.845-2.503 1.549-1.251 1.408-1.669 2.394-.556 1.972-.556 3.099.139 2.254.556 3.099c.418.986.974 1.69 1.669 2.394s1.53 1.127 2.503 1.549 1.947.563 3.059.563 2.225-.282 3.338-.704A8.03 8.03 0 0 0 208.166 20l-3.06-2.253c-.417.563-.834.986-1.251 1.268-.556.282-1.112.422-1.808.422-.834 0-1.529-.282-2.225-.704-.556-.563-.973-1.127-1.112-1.972H209v-1.549h-.139zm-10.29-1.549c0-.423.139-.704.278-.986s.417-.563.556-.845c.278-.282.556-.422.974-.563s.834-.282 1.251-.282c.834 0 1.53.282 1.947.845.556.563.695 1.127.695 1.972h-5.701v-.141z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="apl-container apl-container--no-padding apl-platform-header__navigation-mobile-container" data-v-5f67d08b><div data-v-5f67d08b><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--md apl-button--icon-only apl-platform-header__button apl-platform-header__button--icon" aria-label="Log in by institution"><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--institution apl-button__icon--center" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></div><div class="apl-search apl-search--collapse apl-search--md apl-platform-header__search" data-v-aec9f5e2 data-v-5f67d08b><input class="apl-search__input" type="search" placeholder="Search..." autocomplete="off" value data-v-aec9f5e2><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--md apl-button--icon-only apl-search__btn-search apl-search__btn-search--mobile" aria-label="Search" data-v-3dc43ba0 data-v-aec9f5e2><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--search apl-button__icon--center" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--md apl-search__btn-search apl-search__btn-search--desktop" aria-label="Search" data-v-28a98aec data-v-aec9f5e2><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--search apl-button__icon--left" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div><span>Search</span></button></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--md apl-button--icon-only apl-platform-header__button apl-platform-header__button--icon apl-menu__options--mobile" aria-label="Expand menu options" aria-expanded="false" id="apl-menu__mobile-menu-toggle" data-v-b4a8da84 data-v-5f67d08b><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--menu apl-button__icon--center" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></div></div><div class="apl-container apl-platform-header__container apl-platform-header__container--desktop" data-v-b46fab2c data-v-cabeb8f7><div class="apl-container apl-container--no-padding apl-platform-header__logo-and-menu-container" data-v-b46fab2c><div class="apl-platform-header__branding" data-v-b46fab2c><a href="/core/" class="platform-logo" title="Cambridge Core homepage"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 209 20" fill="none" role="img" width="140" height="30"><title> Logo for Cambridge Core from Cambridge University Press. Click to return to homepage. </title><path d="M173.541 7.465c-4.172 0-7.648 3.521-7.648 7.747s3.476 7.746 7.648 7.746 7.648-3.521 7.648-7.746-3.337-7.747-7.648-7.747zm0 11.408c-2.086 0-3.616-1.69-3.616-3.662s1.669-3.662 3.616-3.662c2.086 0 3.615 1.69 3.615 3.662.139 2.113-1.529 3.662-3.615 3.662zm-159.357.704c-.973.563-1.947.704-3.198.704a8.31 8.31 0 0 1-3.337-.704c-.973-.423-1.808-.986-2.503-1.831-.695-.704-1.112-1.69-1.53-2.676s-.556-1.972-.556-3.099.139-2.253.556-3.38.834-1.972 1.53-2.676 1.53-1.408 2.503-1.831 2.086-.704 3.198-.704c.973 0 1.947.141 2.781.563.973.423 1.669.986 2.225 1.831l2.364-1.831c-.834-1.127-1.947-1.972-3.198-2.394-1.391-.563-2.642-.845-4.033-.845-1.669 0-3.059.282-4.45.845S4.033 2.817 3.059 3.944C2.086 4.93 1.391 6.197.834 7.465.278 8.873 0 10.282 0 11.972c0 1.268.278 2.676.695 3.944.556 1.268 1.251 2.394 2.086 3.521.973.986 2.086 1.831 3.337 2.535 1.391.563 2.781.986 4.45.986 1.252 0 2.225-.141 3.198-.422s1.669-.704 2.364-1.127 1.112-.845 1.53-1.268.695-.704.834-.986l-2.364-1.831c-.278.986-.973 1.69-1.947 2.254zm18.773.282v-7.183c0-.563-.139-1.268-.278-1.831-.278-.563-.556-1.127-1.112-1.549-.417-.423-1.112-.845-1.808-.986-.695-.282-1.669-.423-2.642-.423s-1.947.141-2.92.563c-.973.282-1.808.845-2.642 1.549l1.53 1.69c.278-.141.417-.422.695-.563s.556-.423.834-.563.695-.282 1.112-.423S26.56 10 27.116 10s1.112.141 1.53.282.695.422.973.704.417.563.556.986.139.704.139 1.127v.563h-1.947c-1.113 0-2.086.141-3.059.282s-1.808.422-2.503.845-1.251.845-1.669 1.549c-.417.563-.556 1.409-.556 2.254 0 .704.139 1.268.417 1.831s.556.986 1.113 1.268c.417.423.973.563 1.53.845.556.141 1.252.282 1.808.282 1.112 0 1.947-.141 2.781-.563s1.53-.986 2.086-1.972c0 .704 0 1.408.139 2.113h2.364c0-.423 0-.704-.139-1.127.417-.423.278-.845.278-1.408zm-2.364-3.239c0 .423 0 .986-.139 1.408s-.417.986-.695 1.268c-.278.422-.695.704-1.251.986s-1.112.422-1.808.422c-.973 0-1.669-.141-2.225-.563s-.834-.986-.834-1.69c0-.563.139-.986.556-1.408.278-.423.834-.563 1.391-.845.556-.141 1.112-.282 1.808-.423.695 0 1.252-.141 1.947-.141h1.391v.986h-.139zM56.039 10c-.417-.563-.973-.986-1.669-1.408s-1.53-.563-2.642-.563c-.834 0-1.669.282-2.503.704s-1.53 1.127-1.947 1.972c-.417-.845-.973-1.549-1.808-1.972-.695-.423-1.53-.704-2.642-.704-.695 0-1.251.141-1.669.282-.556.141-.973.423-1.391.704s-.695.563-.973.845-.417.563-.417.704V8.31h-2.503v14.085h2.642V15.07c0-.845.139-1.549.278-2.113s.417-1.127.834-1.408c.278-.423.695-.704 1.113-.845s.834-.282 1.39-.282c.695 0 1.113.141 1.53.282.417.282.695.563.834.986s.278.845.417 1.409c0 .563.139 1.127.139 1.831v7.324h2.642v-7.746c0-1.268.278-2.253.834-3.098s1.53-1.127 2.781-1.127c.695 0 1.112.141 1.53.282.417.282.695.563.973.845.278.422.417.845.417 1.268 0 .563.139.986.139 1.549v7.887h2.642v-8.169c0-.845-.139-1.549-.278-2.254 0-.422-.278-1.127-.695-1.69zm16.826.141c-.556-.704-1.391-1.127-2.225-1.549s-1.808-.563-2.92-.563c-.973 0-1.947.282-2.781.704s-1.53.986-2.086 1.69V0h-2.642v22.394h2.642v-1.972a6.17 6.17 0 0 0 2.086 1.69c.834.422 1.808.563 2.781.563 1.112 0 2.086-.141 2.92-.563s1.669-.845 2.225-1.549 1.112-1.408 1.391-2.394c.278-.845.556-1.831.556-2.958 0-.986-.139-1.972-.556-2.958-.278-.704-.695-1.408-1.391-2.113zm-1.252 7.183c-.278.563-.556 1.127-.973 1.549s-.834.704-1.391.986-1.251.422-1.947.422-1.391-.141-1.947-.422-1.112-.563-1.391-.986c-.417-.422-.695-.986-.973-1.549s-.278-1.268-.278-1.972.139-1.408.278-1.972c.278-.563.556-1.127.973-1.549s.834-.704 1.391-.986 1.252-.423 1.947-.423 1.391.141 1.947.423 1.112.563 1.391.986c.417.423.695.986.973 1.549s.278 1.268.278 1.972c.139.704 0 1.409-.278 1.972zM82.46 8.169c-.417.141-.834.282-1.112.563-.417.282-.695.423-.973.845-.278.282-.556.704-.695.986V8.451h-2.642v14.085h2.642v-7.042c0-1.549.278-2.676.973-3.38s1.669-1.127 2.92-1.127h.695c.278 0 .417.141.695.141l.139-2.817c-.417-.141-.695-.141-1.112-.141a2.82 2.82 0 0 0-1.53 0zm5.145 14.225h2.642V8.31h-2.642v14.085zm1.252-20.986a1.77 1.77 0 0 0-1.391.563c-.278.423-.556.845-.556 1.408s.139.986.556 1.408a1.77 1.77 0 0 0 1.391.563 1.77 1.77 0 0 0 1.39-.563c.417-.423.556-.845.556-1.408s-.139-.986-.556-1.408a1.77 1.77 0 0 0-1.39-.563zm15.574 9.014a6.17 6.17 0 0 0-2.085-1.69c-.835-.423-1.808-.704-2.781-.704-1.112 0-2.086.141-2.92.563s-1.669.845-2.225 1.549-1.112 1.409-1.391 2.394c-.278.845-.556 1.831-.556 2.958 0 .986.139 1.972.556 2.958.278.845.834 1.69 1.391 2.394s1.391 1.268 2.225 1.549c.834.422 1.808.563 2.92.563.974 0 1.807-.141 2.781-.563a6.17 6.17 0 0 0 2.085-1.69v1.972h2.643V0h-2.643v10.423zm-.417 6.901c-.278.563-.556 1.127-.973 1.549s-.834.704-1.391.986-1.251.422-1.946.422-1.391-.141-1.947-.422-1.112-.563-1.39-.986c-.417-.422-.695-.986-.973-1.549s-.278-1.268-.278-1.972.139-1.408.278-1.972c.278-.563.556-1.127.973-1.549s.834-.704 1.39-.986 1.252-.423 1.947-.423 1.39.141 1.946.423 1.113.563 1.391.986c.417.423.695.986.973 1.549s.278 1.268.278 1.972c.139.704 0 1.409-.278 1.972zm17.104-6.901c-.556-.704-1.251-1.268-2.225-1.69-.834-.423-1.808-.563-2.781-.563-1.112 0-2.086.141-2.92.563s-1.669.845-2.225 1.549-1.112 1.408-1.39 2.394c-.279.845-.557 1.831-.557 2.958 0 .986.139 1.972.557 2.817s.834 1.69 1.529 2.253c.695.704 1.391 1.127 2.225 1.549s1.808.563 2.781.563 1.947-.141 2.781-.563a5.21 5.21 0 0 0 2.086-1.831h.139v2.113c0 .563-.139 1.127-.278 1.831-.139.563-.417 1.127-.834 1.549s-.835.845-1.53 1.127-1.53.422-2.503.422-1.947-.141-2.781-.563-1.53-.986-2.225-1.69l-1.808 2.253c.974.986 2.086 1.549 3.199 1.972s2.364.563 3.615.563c1.112 0 2.225-.141 3.059-.563.974-.422 1.808-.845 2.364-1.549.695-.704 1.252-1.408 1.53-2.253.417-.845.556-1.831.556-2.958V8.732h-2.642v1.69h.278zm-1.251 8.451c-.835.845-1.947 1.268-3.338 1.268s-2.503-.422-3.337-1.268-1.252-1.972-1.252-3.38c0-.704.139-1.408.279-1.972.278-.563.556-1.127.973-1.549s.834-.704 1.39-.986 1.252-.423 1.947-.423 1.391.141 1.947.423 1.112.563 1.391.986c.417.423.695.986.973 1.549s.278 1.268.278 1.972c0 1.408-.417 2.535-1.251 3.38zm18.633-8.451c-.556-.704-1.251-1.268-2.086-1.69s-1.947-.704-3.198-.704c-1.113 0-1.947.141-2.92.563-.835.423-1.669.845-2.225 1.549-.695.704-1.113 1.409-1.53 2.394-.417.845-.556 1.831-.556 2.958 0 .986.139 1.972.556 2.958.278.845.835 1.69 1.391 2.394s1.39 1.127 2.225 1.549 1.946.563 3.059.563c2.642 0 4.728-.986 6.257-2.817l-2.085-1.831c-.557.704-1.113 1.127-1.669 1.549s-1.391.563-2.086.563c-.556 0-1.251-.141-1.808-.282s-1.112-.422-1.529-.845-.835-.845-1.113-1.268a3.79 3.79 0 0 1-.417-1.69h11.264v-.845c0-.845-.139-1.831-.418-2.676-.139-.986-.556-1.69-1.112-2.394zm-9.734 3.803c0-.423.139-.986.278-1.408s.556-.986.835-1.268c.417-.423.834-.704 1.39-.986a3.81 3.81 0 0 1 1.808-.423c.695 0 1.251.141 1.808.282s.973.563 1.251.845c.278.422.556.845.695 1.268.139.563.278.986.278 1.69h-8.343zm30.592 3.944c-.695.422-1.529.563-2.503.563-.834 0-1.529-.141-2.364-.563-.695-.282-1.39-.845-1.807-1.408-.557-.563-.974-1.268-1.252-2.113a8.3 8.3 0 0 1-.417-2.676 8.3 8.3 0 0 1 .417-2.676c.278-.845.695-1.549 1.252-2.113s1.112-1.127 1.946-1.408c.696-.282 1.53-.563 2.364-.563s1.669.141 2.225.423c.695.282 1.252.704 1.669 1.268l3.476-2.958c-.417-.563-.973-1.127-1.529-1.408-.557-.423-1.113-.704-1.808-.986-.556-.282-1.252-.423-1.947-.563s-1.251-.141-1.808-.141c-1.668 0-3.198.282-4.449.704a12.06 12.06 0 0 0-3.616 2.254c-.973.986-1.807 2.113-2.364 3.521s-.834 2.958-.834 4.507c0 1.69.278 3.239.834 4.507.557 1.409 1.391 2.535 2.364 3.521s2.225 1.69 3.616 2.253 2.92.704 4.449.704c1.391 0 2.782-.282 4.172-.845s2.503-1.549 3.337-2.817l-3.893-2.817c-.139.845-.834 1.409-1.53 1.831zm32.539-10.563c-.973 0-1.808.282-2.503.704s-1.251 1.127-1.668 1.972V8.028h-4.45v14.366h4.45v-6.056c0-.704 0-1.408.139-1.972s.278-1.127.556-1.549.695-.704 1.112-.986c.556-.282 1.113-.422 1.947-.422.278 0 .695 0 .973.141.279 0 .557.141.974.282V7.746c-.278 0-.417-.141-.695-.141h-.835zm16.965 7.606c0-1.127-.139-2.254-.417-3.099a5.18 5.18 0 0 0-1.391-2.394c-.556-.704-1.251-1.127-2.086-1.549s-1.807-.563-2.781-.563c-1.112 0-2.086.141-3.059.563s-1.808.845-2.503 1.549-1.251 1.408-1.669 2.394-.556 1.972-.556 3.099.139 2.254.556 3.099c.418.986.974 1.69 1.669 2.394s1.53 1.127 2.503 1.549 1.947.563 3.059.563 2.225-.282 3.338-.704A8.03 8.03 0 0 0 208.166 20l-3.06-2.253c-.417.563-.834.986-1.251 1.268-.556.282-1.112.422-1.808.422-.834 0-1.529-.282-2.225-.704-.556-.563-.973-1.127-1.112-1.972H209v-1.549h-.139zm-10.29-1.549c0-.423.139-.704.278-.986s.417-.563.556-.845c.278-.282.556-.422.974-.563s.834-.282 1.251-.282c.834 0 1.53.282 1.947.845.556.563.695 1.127.695 1.972h-5.701v-.141z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></div></a></div><hr class="apl-platform-header__logo-and-menu-divider" data-v-b46fab2c><nav data-v-b46fab2c><div class="apl-container apl-container--no-padding apl-menu__options--desktop" data-v-1e1e1426 data-v-b46fab2c><ul class="apl-menu__list" data-v-1e1e1426><li id="menu_item-0" class="apl-menu__list-item" data-v-1e1e1426><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--md apl-button--text apl-platform-header__button apl-menu__item"><span>Browse</span><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--chevron-down apl-button__icon--right" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></li><li id="menu_item-1" class="apl-menu__list-item" data-v-1e1e1426><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--md apl-button--text apl-platform-header__button apl-menu__item"><span>Services</span><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--chevron-down apl-button__icon--right" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></li><li id="menu_item-2" class="apl-menu__list-item" data-v-1e1e1426><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--md apl-button--text apl-platform-header__button apl-menu__item"><span>Open research</span><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--chevron-down apl-button__icon--right" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button></li></ul></div></nav></div><div class="apl-container apl-container--no-padding apl-platform-header__account-and-search-container" data-v-b46fab2c><div class="apl-platform-header__authenticated-by" data-v-b46fab2c><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--md apl-button--text apl-platform-header__button"><span>Institution Login</span></button></div><div class="apl-search apl-search--collapse apl-search--md apl-platform-header__search" data-v-aec9f5e2 data-v-b46fab2c><input class="apl-search__input" type="search" placeholder="Search..." autocomplete="off" value data-v-aec9f5e2><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--md apl-button--icon-only apl-search__btn-search apl-search__btn-search--mobile" aria-label="Search" data-v-3dc43ba0 data-v-aec9f5e2><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--search apl-button__icon--center" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--md apl-search__btn-search apl-search__btn-search--desktop" aria-label="Search" data-v-28a98aec data-v-aec9f5e2><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--search apl-button__icon--left" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div><span>Search</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div> </div></div><script>window.__PLATFORM_HEADER_DATA__ = {"megaMenuData":{"menuItems":[{"id":"menu_item-0","label":"Browse","openExternal":null,"url":"","isMegaMenu":true,"menuCats":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0","label":"Subjects","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/browse-subjects","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0","label":" Subjects (A-D)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Anthropology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/anthropology"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Archaeology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/archaeology"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Area Studies","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/area-studies"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Art","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/art"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Chemistry","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/chemistry"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Classical Studies","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/classical-studies"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-6","label":"Computer Science","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/computer-science"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-0_link-7","label":"Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/drama-and-theatre"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1","label":" Subjects (E-K)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Earth and Environmental Science","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/earth-and-environmental-sciences"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Economics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/economics"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Education","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/education"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Engineering","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/engineering"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-4","label":"English Language Teaching – Resources for Teachers","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/english-language-teaching-resources-for-teachers"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Film, Media, Mass Communication","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/film-media-mass-ommunication"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-6","label":"General Science","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/general-science"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-7","label":"Geography","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/geography"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-1_link-8","label":"History","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/history"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2","label":" Subjects (L-O)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Language and Linguistics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/language-and-linguistics"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Law","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/law"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Life Sciences","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/life-sciences"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Literature","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/literature"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-4","label":"Management","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/management"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-5","label":"Materials Science","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/materials-science"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-6","label":"Mathematics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/mathematics"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-7","label":"Medicine","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/medicine"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-8","label":"Music","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/music"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-2_link-9","label":"Nutrition","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/nutrition"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3","label":" Subjects (P-Z)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-0","label":"Philosophy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/philosophy"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-1","label":"Physics and Astronomy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/physics"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-2","label":"Politics and International Relations","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/politics-and-international-relations"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-3","label":"Psychiatry","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/psychiatry"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-4","label":"Psychology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/psychology"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-5","label":"Religion","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/religion"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-6","label":"Social Science Research Methods","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/social-science-research-methods"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-7","label":"Sociology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/sociology"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-0_subCat-3_link-8","label":"Statistics and Probability","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/browse-subjects/statistics-and-probability"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1","label":"Open access","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/open-access","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0","label":"All open access publishing","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Open access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Open access journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Research open journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/research-open?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Journals containing open access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/hybrid-open-access-journals?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Open access articles","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL_ARTICLE"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Open access books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-1_subCat-0_link-6","label":"Open access Elements","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BopenAccess%5D%5Bfilters%5D=7275BA1E84CA769210167A6A66523B47&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2","label":"Journals","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/journals","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-0","label":"Explore","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-0_link-0","label":"All journal subjects","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/journals"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Search journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/journals"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-1","label":"Open access","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Open access journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Research open journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/research-open?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Journals containing open access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/hybrid-open-access-journals?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Open access articles","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL_ARTICLE"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-2","label":"Collections","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Cambridge Forum","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-forum"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Cambridge Law Reports Collection","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-law-reports-collection"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Cambridge Prisms","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-2_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Research Directions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/research-directions"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3","label":"Books","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/books","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-0","label":"Explore","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/books"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Open access books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-0_link-2","label":"New books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/books/listing?aggs[productDate][filters]=Last+3+months&aggs[productTypes][filters]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Flip it Open","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1","label":"Collections","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Cambridge Companions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-companions"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Cambridge Editions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-editions"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Cambridge Histories","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-histories"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Cambridge Library Collection","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-library-collection"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Cambridge Shakespeare","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Cambridge Handbooks","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridgehandbooks"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2","label":" Collections (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Dispute Settlement Reports Online","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/dispute-settlement-reports-online"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Flip it Open","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Hemingway Letters","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/hemingway-letters"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Shakespeare Survey","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/shakespeare-survey"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2_link-4","label":"Stahl Online","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/stahl-online"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-3_subCat-2_link-5","label":"The Correspondence of Isaac Newton","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/the-correspondence-of-isaac-newton"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4","label":"Elements","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/elements","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-0","label":"Explore","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-0_link-0","label":"About Elements","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/elements"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Elements series","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/elements/cambridge-elements-series"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Open access Elements","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BopenAccess%5D%5Bfilters%5D=7275BA1E84CA769210167A6A66523B47&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-0_link-3","label":"New Elements","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&aggs%5BproductDate%5D%5Bfilters%5D=Last%203%20months&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1","label":"Subjects (A-E)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Anthropology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Anthropology/2E44A5AF2838E017617A26DD79FAEAEE"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Archaeology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Archaeology/63A50B5368A9F97F8AA2D6AB965B5F4C"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Classical Studies","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Classical%20Studies/DDC63B7F5792FE2A95D1FB15F76E3F42"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Computer Science","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Computer%20Science/A57E10708F64FB69CE78C81A5C2A6555"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Drama,%20Theatre,%20Performance%20Studies/2825E4E39F2D641B36543EE80FB1DEA3"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Earth and Environmental Sciences","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Earth%20and%20Environmental%20Sciences/F470FBF5683D93478C7CAE5A30EF9AE8"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-6","label":"Economics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Economics/FA44491F1F55F917C43E9832715B9DE7"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-7","label":"Education","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Education/550D00F8DF590F2598CF7CC0038E24D1"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-1_link-8","label":"Engineering","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Engineering/CCC62FE56DCC1D050CA1340C1CCF46F5"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2","label":" Subjects (F-O)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Film, Media, Mass Communication","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Film,%20Media,%20Mass%20Communication/4B91F10E834814A90CE718E7831E492F"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-1","label":"History","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/History/66BE42A30172E280FDE64F8EE2F485B0"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Language and Linguistics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Language%20and%20Linguistics/140D314098408C26BDF3009F7FF858E9"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Law","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Law/7C9FB6788DD8D7E6696263BC774F4D5B"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-4","label":"Life Sciences","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Life%20Sciences/E044EF2F61B601378786E9EDA901B2D5"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-5","label":"Literature","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Literature/F2434ADC122145767C6C3B988A8E9BD5"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-6","label":"Management","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Management/0EDCC0540639B06A5669BDEEF50C4CBE"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-7","label":"Mathematics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Mathematics/FA1467C44B5BD46BB8AA6E58C2252153"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-8","label":"Medicine","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Medicine/66FF02B2A4F83D9A645001545197F287"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-2_link-9","label":"Music","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Music/A370B5604591CB3C7F9AFD892DDF7BD1"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3","label":" Subjects (P-Z)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-0","label":"Philosophy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Philosophy/2D1AC3C0E174F1F1A93F8C7DE19E0FAB"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-1","label":"Physics and Astronomy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Physics%20and%20Astronomy/DBFB610E9FC5E012C011430C0573CC06"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-2","label":"Politics and International Relations","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Politics%20and%20International%20Relations/3BF83347E5E456DAC34F3FABFC8BBF4E"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-3","label":"Psychology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Psychology/21B42A72BA3E4CB0E3315E5B1B71B07F"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-4","label":"Religion","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Religion/53E51D24FB488962B9364A2C4B45D1C3"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-5","label":"Sociology","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Sociology/0E2CD53A93003DF17E52D753F6E90683"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-4_subCat-3_link-6","label":"Statistics and Probability","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/elements/subject/Statistics%20and%20Probability/3150B8B0D1B0B4E8DC17EC9EDFD9CA26"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-5","label":"Textbooks","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/textbooks","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-5_subCat-0","label":"Explore","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-5_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Cambridge Higher Education","openExternal":false,"url":"/highereducation/"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-5_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Title list","openExternal":false,"url":"/highereducation/services/librarians/title-list"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-5_subCat-0_link-2","label":"New titles","openExternal":false,"url":"/highereducation/search?sortBy=publication_date&aggs=%24productDate%24Last%25206%2520months%3Atrue%26Last%252012%2520months%3Atrue%26Last%25203%2520years%3Atrue%26Over%25203%2520years%3Atrue%3B%3B&event=SE-AU_PREF"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6","label":"Collections","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/collections","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0","label":"Book collections","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Cambridge Companions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-companions"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Cambridge Editions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-editions"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Cambridge Histories","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-histories"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Cambridge Library Collection","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-library-collection"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Cambridge Shakespeare","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Cambridge Handbooks","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridgehandbooks"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1","label":" Book collections (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Dispute Settlement Reports Online","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/dispute-settlement-reports-online"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Flip it Open","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Hemingway Letters","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/hemingway-letters"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Shakespeare Survey","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/shakespeare-survey"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Stahl Online","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/stahl-online"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-1_link-5","label":"The Correspondence of Isaac Newton","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/the-correspondence-of-isaac-newton"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-2","label":"Journal collections","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Cambridge Forum","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-forum"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Cambridge Law Reports Collection","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-law-reports-collection"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Cambridge Prisms","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Research Directions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/research-directions"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-3","label":"Series","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-6_subCat-3_link-0","label":"All series","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/collections/series"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7","label":"Partners","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0","label":"Partners","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Agenda Publishing","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/agenda-publishing"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Amsterdam University Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/amsterdam-university-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Anthem Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/anthem-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Boydell & Brewer","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/boydell-brewer"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Bristol University Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/bristol-university-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Edinburgh University Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/edinburgh-university-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-6","label":"Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/emirates-center"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-0_link-7","label":"Facet Publishing","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/facet-publishing"}]},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1","label":" Partners (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Foundation Books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/foundation-books"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Intersentia","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/intersentia"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-2","label":"ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/iseas"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Jagiellonian University Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/jagiellonian-university-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Royal Economic Society","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/royal-economic-society"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Unisa Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/unisa-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-6","label":"The University of Adelaide Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/university-adelaide-press"},{"id":"menu_item-0_cat-7_subCat-1_link-7","label":"Wits University Press","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/wits-university-press"}]}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1","label":"Services","openExternal":null,"url":"","isMegaMenu":true,"menuCats":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0","label":"About","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/about/about","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-0","label":"About Cambridge Core","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-0_link-0","label":"About","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/about"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Accessibility","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/accessibility"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-0_link-2","label":"CrossMark policy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/crossmark-policy"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Ethical Standards","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/ethical-standards"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-1","label":"Environment and sustainability","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Environment and sustainability","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/environment-and-sustainability"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Reducing print","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/reducing-print"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Journals moving to online only","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/journals-moving-to-online-only"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-2","label":"Guides","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-2_link-0","label":"User guides","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/user-guides"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-2_link-1","label":"User Guides and Videos","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/user-guides-and-videos"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Support Videos","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/support-videos"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Training","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/about/training"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-3","label":"Help","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-3_link-0","label":"Cambridge Core help","openExternal":false,"url":"https://corehelp.cambridge.org/"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-3_link-1","label":"Contact us","openExternal":false,"url":"https://corehelp.cambridge.org/hc/en-gb/p/contact-information"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-0_subCat-3_link-2","label":"Technical support","openExternal":false,"url":"https://corehelp.cambridge.org/hc/en-gb/requests/new"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-1","label":"Agents","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/agents/services-for-agents","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-1_subCat-0","label":"Services for agents","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-1_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Services for agents","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/agents/services-for-agents"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-1_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Journals for agents","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/agents/journals-for-agents"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-1_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Books for agents","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/agents/books-for-agents"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-1_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Price list","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/agents/price-list"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2","label":"Authors","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/authors/authors","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0","label":"Journals","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Journal publishing statistics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/journal-publishing-statistics"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Corresponding author","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/corresponding-author"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Seeking permission to use copyrighted material","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/seeking-permission-to-use-copyrighted-material"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Publishing supplementary material","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/publishing-supplementary-material"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Writing an effective abstract","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/writing-an-effective-abstract"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-0_link-6","label":"Journal production - FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/journal-production-faqs"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1","label":"Journals (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Author affiliations","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/author-affiliations"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Co-reviewing policy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/co-reviewing-policy"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Digital Author Publishing Agreement - FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/digital-author-publishing-agreement-faqs"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Anonymising your manuscript","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/anonymising-your-manuscript"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Publishing open access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/publishing-open-access"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Converting your article to open access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/converting-your-article-to-open-access"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-1_link-6","label":"Publishing Open Access - webinars","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/publishing-open-access-webinars"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2","label":"Journals (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Preparing and submitting your paper","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/preparing-and-submitting-your-paper"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Publishing an accepted paper","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/publishing-an-accepted-paper"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Promoting your published paper","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/promoting-your-published-paper"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Measuring impact","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/measuring-impact"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2_link-4","label":"Journals artwork guide","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/journals-artwork-guide"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-2_link-5","label":"Using ORCID","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/using-orcid"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-3","label":"Books","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-3_link-0","label":"Books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-3_link-1","label":"Marketing your book","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/marketing-your-book"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-2_subCat-3_link-2","label":"Author guides for Cambridge Elements","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/authors/elements-user-guides"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3","label":"Corporates","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/corporates/services-for-corporates","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3_subCat-0","label":"Corporates","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Commercial reprints","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/corporates/commercial-reprints"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Advertising","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/corporates/advertising"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Sponsorship","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/corporates/sponsorship"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Book special sales","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/corporates/book-special-sales"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-3_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Contact us","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/corporates/contact-us"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4","label":"Editors","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/editors/editors","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-0","label":"Information","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Journal development","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/journal-development"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Peer review for editors","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/peer-review-for-editors"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Open access for editors","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/open-access-for-editors"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Policies and guidelines","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/policies-and-guidelines"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-1","label":"Resources","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-1_link-0","label":"The editor's role","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/the-editors-role"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Open research for editors","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/open-research-for-editors"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Engagement and promotion","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/engagement-and-promotion"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Blogging","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/blogging"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-4_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Social media","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/editors/social-media"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5","label":"Librarians","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/librarians/librarians","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0","label":"Information","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Open Access for Librarians","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/open-access-for-librarians"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Transformative agreements","openExternal":false,"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/read-and-publish-agreements"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Transformative Agreements - FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/transformative-agreements-faqs"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Evidence based acquisition","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/evidence-based-acquisition"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-4","label":"ebook news & updates","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/ebook-news-and-updates"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Cambridge libraries of the world podcast","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/cambridge-libraries-of-the-world-podcast"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-6","label":"Purchasing models","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/purchasing-models"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-0_link-7","label":"Journals Publishing Updates","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/journals-publishing-updates"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1","label":"Products","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Cambridge frontlist","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/cambridge-frontlist"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Cambridge journals digital archive","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/cambridge-journals-digital-archive"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Hot topics","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/hot-topics"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Other digital products","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/other-digital-products"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Perpetual access products","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/perpetual-access-products"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Price list","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/price-list"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-6","label":"Developing country programme","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/developing-country-programme"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-1_link-7","label":"New content","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/new-content"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2","label":"Tools","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Eligibility checker","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/eligibility-checker"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Transformative agreements","openExternal":false,"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/read-and-publish-agreements"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-2","label":"KBART","openExternal":false,"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/librarians/kbart"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-3","label":"MARC records","openExternal":false,"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/librarians/marc-records"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-4","label":"Using MARCEdit for MARC records","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/using-marcedit-for-marc-records"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-5","label":"Inbound OpenURL specifications","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/inbound-openurl-specifications"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-2_link-6","label":"COUNTER report types","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/counter-report-types"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3","label":"Resources","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-0","label":"Catalogues and resources","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/catalogues-and-resources"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-1","label":"Making the most of your EBA","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/making-the-most-of-your-eba"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-2","label":"Posters","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/posters"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-3","label":"Leaflets and brochures","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/leaflets-and-brochures"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-4","label":"Additional resources","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/additional-resources"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-5","label":"Find my sales contact","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/find-my-sales-contact"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-6","label":"Webinars","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/webinars"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-5_subCat-3_link-7","label":"Read and publish resources","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/librarians/read-and-publish-resources"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6","label":"Peer review","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/peer-review","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0","label":"Peer review","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-0","label":"How to peer review journal articles","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/how-to-peer-review-journal-articles"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-1","label":"How to peer review book proposals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/how-to-peer-review-book-proposals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-2","label":"How to peer review Registered Reports","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/how-to-peer-review-registered-reports"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Peer review FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/peer-review-faqs"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Ethics in peer review","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/ethics-in-peer-review"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Online peer review systems","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/online-peer-review-systems"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-6_subCat-0_link-6","label":"A guide to Publons","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/peer-review/a-guide-to-publons"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7","label":"Publishing ethics","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/publishing-ethics","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0","label":"Journals ","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Publishing ethics guidelines for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/publishing-ethics-guidelines-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Core editorial policies for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/core-editorial-policies-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Authorship and contributorship for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/authorship-and-contributorship-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Affiliations for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/affiliations-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Research ethics for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/research-ethics-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Competing interests and funding for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/competing-interests-and-funding-journals"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1","label":"Journals (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Data and supporting evidence for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/data-and-supporting-evidence-for-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Misconduct for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/misconduct-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Corrections, retractions and removals for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/corrections-retractions-and-removals-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Versions and adaptations for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/versions-and-adaptations-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Libel, defamation and freedom of expression","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/libel-defamation-and-freedom-of-expression"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Business ethics journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/business-ethics-journals"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2","label":"Books","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Publishing ethics guidelines for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/publishing-ethics-guidelines-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Core editorial policies for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/core-editorial-policies-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Authorship and contributorship for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/authorship-and-contributorship-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Affiliations for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/affiliations-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2_link-4","label":"Research ethics for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/research-ethics-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-2_link-5","label":"Competing interests and funding for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/competing-interests-and-funding-books"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3","label":"Books (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3_link-0","label":"Data and supporting evidence for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/data-and-supporting-evidence-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3_link-1","label":"Misconduct for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/misconduct-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3_link-2","label":"Corrections, retractions and removals for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/corrections-retractions-and-removals-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3_link-3","label":"Versions and adaptations for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/versions-and-adaptations-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3_link-4","label":"Libel, defamation and freedom of expression","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/libel-defamation-and-freedom-of-expression"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-7_subCat-3_link-5","label":"Business ethics books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-ethics/business-ethics-books"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8","label":"Publishing partners","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/publishing-partnerships","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-0","label":"Publishing partners","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Publishing partnerships","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/publishing-partnerships"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Partner books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/partner-books"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-0_link-2","label":"eBook publishing partnerships","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/ebook-publishing-partnerships"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Journal publishing partnerships","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/journal-publishing-partnerships"}]},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-1","label":"Publishing partners (cont.)","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Journals publishing","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/journals-publishing"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Customer support","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/customer-support"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Membership Services","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/membership-services"},{"id":"menu_item-1_cat-8_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Our Team","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/publishing-partners/our-team"}]}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-2","label":"Open research","openExternal":null,"url":"","isMegaMenu":true,"menuCats":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0","label":"Open access policies","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/open-access-policies","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0","label":"Open access policies","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Open research","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/open-research"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Open access policies","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/open-access-policies"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Cambridge University Press and Plan S","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/cambridge-university-press-and-plan-s"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Text and data mining","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/text-and-data-mining"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Preprint policy","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/preprint-policy"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Social sharing","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/social-sharing"}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-1","label":"Journals","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Open access journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/open-access-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Gold open access journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/gold-open-access-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Transformative journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/transformative-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Green Open Access policy for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/green-open-access-policy-for-journals"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Transparent pricing policy for journals","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/transparent-pricing-policy-for-journals"}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-2","label":"Books and Elements","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Open access books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/open-access-books"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Gold open access books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/gold-open-access-books"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-2_link-2","label":"Green Open Access policy for books","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/green-open-access-policy-for-books"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-0_subCat-2_link-3","label":"Open access Elements","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-policies/open-access-elements"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1","label":"Open access publishing","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0","label":"About open access","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Open research","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-research"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Open Access Week","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access-week"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-2","label":"What is open access?","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Open access glossary","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access-glossary"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Open access myths","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access-myths"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-5","label":"Hybrid Open Access FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/hybrid-open-access-faqs"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-0_link-6","label":"Eligibility checker","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/eligibility-checker"}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1","label":"Open access resources","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Open access resources","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access-resources"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-1","label":"Benefits of open access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/benefits-of-open-access"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-2","label":"Creative commons licenses","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/creative-commons-licenses"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-3","label":"Funder policies and mandates","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/funder-policies-and-mandates"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-4","label":"Article type definitions","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/article-type-definitions"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-5","label":"Convert your article to Open Access","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/convert-your-article-to-open-access"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-1_subCat-1_link-6","label":"Open access video resources","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-publishing/open-access-video-resources"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2","label":"Open research initiatives","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-0","label":"Research transparency","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Transparency and openness","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/transparency-and-openness"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Open Practice Badges","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/open-practice-badges"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-0_link-2","label":"OA organisations, initiatives & directories","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/oa-organisations-initiatives-and-directories"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Registered Reports","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/registered-reports"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI)","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/annotation-for-transparent-inquiry-ati"}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-1","label":"Journal flips","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-1_link-0","label":"Open access journal flips","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/open-access-journal-flips"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-1_link-1","label":"OA Journal Flip FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/oa-journal-flip-faqs"}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-2","label":"Flip it Open","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-2_link-0","label":"Flip it Open","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/flip-it-open"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-2_subCat-2_link-1","label":"Flip it Open FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-research-initiatives/flip-it-open-faqs"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-3","label":"Open access funding","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/open-access-funding/funding-open-access-publication","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-3_subCat-0","label":"Open access funding","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-3_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Funding open access publication","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-funding/funding-open-access-publication"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-3_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Cambridge Open Equity Initiative","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/open-access-funding/cambridge-open-equity-initiative"}]}]},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4","label":" Cambridge Open Engage","openExternal":null,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/cambridge-open-engage","menuTopics":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0","label":" Cambridge Open Engage","openExternal":null,"url":"","menuLinks":[{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-0","label":"Cambridge Open Engage","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/cambridge-open-engage"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-1","label":"Partner With Us","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-partner-with-us"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-2","label":"Branded Hubs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-branded-hubs"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-3","label":"Event Workspaces","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-event-workspaces"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-4","label":"Partner Resources","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-partner-resources"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-5","label":"APSA Preprints","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-apsa-preprints"},{"id":"menu_item-2_cat-4_subCat-0_link-6","label":"APSA Preprints FAQs","openExternal":false,"url":"/core/services/cambridge-open-engage/engage-apsa-preprints-faqs"}]}]}]}]}}</script> </div> <platform-header id='platform-header-wc' platform='core' env='prod' institution-log-in-url='https://shibboleth.cambridge.org/CJOShibb2/index?app=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fshibboleth%3Fref%3D%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Famerican-political-science-review%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fgeography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation%2FBAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016' manage-account-url='/core/login' base-url='/core/services/' class='platform-header-wc' search-phrase='' is-preview='false' hide-search='false' style="display: none" ></platform-header> <script> const platformHeader = $('#platform-header'); const platformHeaderWc = $('#platform-header-wc'); platformHeaderWc.prop('initialData', window.__PLATFORM_HEADER_DATA__); platformHeaderWc.on('initialized', function () { platformHeader.hide(); platformHeaderWc.show(); }); const createForm = function (searchPhrase) { const form = document.createElement('form'); form.style.display = 'none'; form.method = 'GET'; form.action = '/core/search'; const input = document.createElement('input'); input.type = 'hidden'; input.name = 'q'; input.value = searchPhrase; form.appendChild(input); return form; }; platformHeaderWc.on('search', function (e) { const searchPhrase = e?.originalEvent?.detail[0]?.phrase; if (!searchPhrase) { return; } const form = createForm(searchPhrase); document.body.appendChild(form); $('form').submit(); document.body.removeChild(form); }); </script><div class="flash-message-container" role="alert"> <div class="flash-message"> <script> var AOP = AOP || {}; $( document ).ready(function() { if (AOP.onLoadfocusTriggered !== true) { if($(".alert-box").length) { AOP.enableKeyboardAccess($(".alert-box")); } AOP.onLoadfocusTriggered = true; } }); </script> <div id="ajaxMessages" class="ajaxMessages"></div> </div> </div> <div class="article-wrapper"> <script data-n-head="ssr" src="//unpkg.com/@theidentityselector/thiss-ds"></script><link rel="preload" href="/core/page-component/06cd607.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/core/page-component/20147ec.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/core/page-component/css/styles.css?hash=44de98b" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/core/page-component/722ace3.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/core/page-component/css/app.css?hash=f1e6144" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/core/page-component/6f4302c.js" as="script"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/page-component/css/styles.css?hash=44de98b"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/page-component/css/app.css?hash=f1e6144"> <div role="main" class="page-component"> <div data-server-rendered="true" id="__nuxt"><div id="__layout"><div><div data-v-01274b1d><div style="display: none;" data-v-01274b1d> Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:19:13.617Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false </div> <div class="container-fluid breadcrumbs-wrapper" data-v-3692cf84 data-v-01274b1d><div class="row crumbs-row" data-v-3692cf84><div class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__list" data-v-3692cf84><div class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__list__wrapper" data-v-3692cf84> <div role="navigation" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__list__wrapper__crumbs" data-v-3692cf84><ul data-test-id="breadcrumbs" class="page-breadcrumbs" data-v-3692cf84><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><a href="/core" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Home</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><a href="/core/publications/journals" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Journals</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><a href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>American Political Science Review</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><a href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/issue/F419DA50E283A7EE7A9F0658542B7853" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 114 Issue 2</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><span data-v-3692cf84>The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation...</span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="language" data-v-3692cf84><ul class="language-switch" data-v-6b1118dd data-v-3692cf84><li aria-label="English" data-v-6b1118dd><span class="language-option current divider" data-v-6b1118dd>English</span></li><li aria-label="Français" data-v-6b1118dd><span role="button" tabindex="0" href="#" lang="fr" class="language-option" data-v-6b1118dd> Français </span></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="container container__modified" data-v-01274b1d>  <div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div role="complementary" aria-label="table of content" class="column__left" data-v-01274b1d><div class="col journal-container row" data-v-146270e8 data-v-01274b1d><img src="https://static.cambridge.org/covers/PSR_0_0_0/american-political-science-review.jpg" alt="" class="journal__image" data-v-146270e8> <a href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review" class="app-link journal__title app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-146270e8><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>American Political Science Review </span> </a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-146270e8></div>  <div id="toc" class="table-of-content" data-v-01274b1d><h2>Article contents</h2> <div id="toc-list-wrapper" class="table-of-content__wrapper"><ul id="toc-list" class="list"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#footnotes-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Footnotes</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="column__main" data-v-01274b1d><div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div class="column__main__left" data-v-01274b1d><div id="maincontent" class="col" data-v-862424e6 data-v-01274b1d> <hgroup data-v-862424e6><h1 data-v-862424e6>The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation</h1> </hgroup>     <div class="row published-date" data-v-862424e6><p data-v-862424e6> Published online by Cambridge University Press: <strong data-v-862424e6>03 February 2020</strong></p></div>   <div class="contributors-details" data-v-99f6eb26 data-v-862424e6><div class="row contributors" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="col" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=JESSICA%20TROUNSTINE&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>JESSICA TROUNSTINE</span> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2719" data-test-orcid="JESSICA TROUNSTINE" class="app-link contributor-type__contributor__orcid app-link__icon app-link--" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="Open the ORCID record for JESSICA TROUNSTINE" class="app-icon icon orcid" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a> <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 collapse-link" data-v-99f6eb26><a href="#authors-details" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="authors-details" class="app-link collapsed app-link__text-icon app-link--secondary reverse" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-99f6eb26><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon arrow-down" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Show author details </span> </a></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-99f6eb26> <dl id="authors-details" class="authors-details collapse" data-v-2edb8da6 data-v-99f6eb26><div data-test-author="JESSICA TROUNSTINE" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>JESSICA TROUNSTINE*</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>University of California, Merced</span> </span></div></dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-sm-2 col-12 title" data-v-2edb8da6> * </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-sm-flex d-inline flex-sm-1 flex-sm-wrap" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><div class="corresp"><span class="label">*</span>Jessica Trounstine, UC Merced Foundation Board of Trustees Presidential Chair and Professor of Political Science, University of California, Merced, <a href="mailto:jessica@trounstine.com">jessica@trounstine.com</a>.</div></span></div></div></div></dd></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-2edb8da6></dl></div></div> <div id="app-tabs" class="tabs" data-v-1d90c6ce data-v-01274b1d><div id="app-tabs-wrapper" class="tabs__wrapper" data-v-1d90c6ce><div role="navigation" aria-label="tab navigation" class="container" data-v-1d90c6ce><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#appTabs" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="appTabs" class="tabs__collapse collapsed d-sm-none d-print-none" data-v-1d90c6ce><span data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-up" data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-down" data-v-1d90c6ce></span></a> <ul id="appTabs" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs tabs__list collapse show" data-v-1d90c6ce><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a aria-selected="true" href="#article-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="article-tab" tabindex="-1" class="active" data-v-1d90c6ce>Article </a></li><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a href="#supplementary-materials-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="supplementary-materials-tab" tabindex="-1" data-v-1d90c6ce>Supplementary materials </a></li><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a href="#comments-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="comments-tab" tabindex="-1" data-v-1d90c6ce>Comments </a></li><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a href="#metrics-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="metrics-tab" tabindex="-1" data-v-1d90c6ce>Metrics </a></li></ul></div></div> <div tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Tab content" class="tab-content" data-v-1d90c6ce><div id="article-tab" class="tab-pane active" data-v-43a4d572><div id="toc-mobile" class="table-of-content-mobile d-sm-none" data-v-43a4d572><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#toc-list-mobile" role="button" aria-expanded="false" class="toc-collapse-switch collapsed"><span class="default-heading">Article contents</span>  <span class="toc-arrow-up"></span> <span class="toc-arrow-down"></span></a> <ul id="toc-list-mobile" class="list collapse"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#footnotes-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Footnotes</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div> <div class="action-bar" data-v-43a4d572><div class="row items"><a href="#access-block" data-test-id="buttonGetAccess" class="get-access-link" data-v-4cc7be75 data-v-43a4d572>Get access</a>  <div class="app-dropdown d-print-none share-dropdown" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c data-v-43a4d572><button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonShareOptions" id="share-dropdown" class="app-button dropdown-menu-button app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/share-icon.cbcfad8.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon share" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Share</span></button> <div aria-labelledby="share-dropdown" class="app-dropdown__menu" style="display:none;" data-v-fab090b8><div aria-labelledby="dropdown-share-button" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c> <div class="social-share-container" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c></div></div> <button aria-label="Close Share dropdown" aria-expanded="false" class="app-button close-icon app-button__icon app-button--" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/close-icon.194b28a.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon close" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> </button></div></div> <button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonCiteOptions" data-prod-id="BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" data-toggle="modal" href="#cite-modal" class="app-button cite-button d-print-none app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary export-citation-product" data-v-2a038744 data-v-2ce5f61d data-v-43a4d572><img src="/core/page-component/img/cite-icon.44eaaa4.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon cite" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Cite</span></button>  <a target="_blank" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=PSR&title=The%20Geography%20of%20Inequality%3A%20How%20Land%20Use%20Regulation%20Produces%20Segregation&publicationDate=03%20February%202020&author=JESSICA%20TROUNSTINE©right=Copyright%20%C2%A9%20American%20Political%20Science%20Association%202020%C2%A0&contentID=10.1017%2FS0003055419000844&startPage=443&endPage=455&orderBeanReset=True&volumeNum=114&issueNum=2&oa=" data-test-id="buttonRightLink" class="app-link rights-link d-print-none app-link__text-icon app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-92ee52a2 data-v-43a4d572><img src="/core/page-component/img/rights-icon.d4a677c.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon rights" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Rights & Permissions </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div class="share-modal-overlay" style="display:none;" data-v-43a4d572></div> <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc" class="scrollspy-content" data-v-43a4d572> <div id="sec0" class="col article-abstract sec" data-v-2fa8b348 data-v-43a4d572><div class="abstract-text-container" data-v-2fa8b348><div lang="en"><h2>Abstract</h2>  <div class="abstract-content"><div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"><p>Public goods in the United States are largely funded and delivered at the local level. Local public goods are valuable, but their production requires overcoming several collective action problems including coordinating supply and minimizing congestion, free-riding, and peer effects. Land use regulations, promulgated by local governments, allow communities to solve the collective action problems inherent in the provision of local public goods and maintenance of property values. A consequence of these efforts is residential segregation between cities along racial lines. I provide evidence that more stringent land use regulations are supported by whiter communities and that they preserve racial homogeneity. First, I show that cities that were whiter than their metropolitan area in 1970 are more likely to have restrictive land use patterns in 2006. Then, relying on Federal Fair Housing Act lawsuits to generate changes in land use policy, I show that restrictive land use helps to explain metropolitan area segregation patterns over time. Finally, I draw on precinct level initiative elections from several California cities to show that whiter neighborhoods are more supportive of restricting development. These results strongly suggest that even facially race-neutral land use policies have contributed to racial segregation.</p></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="abstract-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a></div></div>   </div>    <dl class="article-details" data-v-6e32a161 data-v-43a4d572><div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Type </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161>Research Article</dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Information </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div class="content__journal" data-v-6e32a161><a href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>American Political Science Review </span> </a> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/volume/07FC125E8298796B44F0EF10EBCFB804" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 114 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/issue/F419DA50E283A7EE7A9F0658542B7853" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Issue 2 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161>, May 2020</span>  <span data-v-6e32a161>, pp. 443 - 455</span> </div> <div class="doi-data" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161>DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844 </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> </div>  </dd></div>   <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Copyright </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161> Copyright © American Political Science Association 2020 </div></dd></div></dl> <div id="access-block" class="d-print-none" data-v-43a4d572><div class="access-options"><h2 class="access-options__heading">Access options</h2> <span>Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)</span> <div class="access-options__content access-options__new"> </div></div></div> <div id="content-container" class="content-container" data-v-43a4d572> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="footnotes-list" class="circle-list"><h2>Footnotes</h2> <div data-type="footnote" class="circle-list__item"><div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><div class="fn"><p>Replication files are available at the American Political Science Review Dataverse: <a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5MAQC2">https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5MAQC2</a></p></div></div></div></div> </div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="references-list" class="circle-list"><h2>References</h2> <div id="reference-header-i6917k" aria-flowto="reference-1-content reference-1-button"><h4> REFERENCES </h4> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-1-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"></div></div></div><div id="ref87" aria-flowto="reference-2-content reference-2-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-2-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Ananat</span>, <span class="given-names">Elizabeth Oltmans</span></span>. <span class="year">2011</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Wrong Side (s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality</span>.” <span class="source">American Economic Journal: Applied Economics</span> <span class="volume">3</span>: <span class="fpage">34</span>–<span class="lpage">66</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Wrong Side (s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Wrong+Side+(s)+of+the+Tracks%3A+The+Causal+Effects+of+Racial+Segregation+on+Urban+Poverty+and+Inequality&author=Ananat+Elizabeth+Oltmans&publication+year=2011&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&volume=3&pages=34-66>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref88" aria-flowto="reference-3-content reference-3-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-3-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Banzhaf</span>, <span class="given-names">H. Spencer</span></span>. <span class="year">2014</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Market for Local Public Goods</span>.” <span class="source">Case Western Reserve Law Review</span> <span class="volume">64</span> (<span class="issue">4</span>): <span class="fpage">1441</span>–80.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Market for Local Public Goods' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Market+for+Local+Public+Goods&author=Banzhaf+H.+Spencer&publication+year=2014&journal=Case+Western+Reserve+Law+Review&volume=64>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref1" aria-flowto="reference-4-content reference-4-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-4-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Banzhaf</span>, <span class="given-names">H.Spencer</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Walsh</span>, <span class="given-names">Randall P.</span></span>. <span class="year">2013</span>. “<span class="article-title">Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Urban Economics</span> <span class="volume">74</span>: <span class="fpage">83</span>–98.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.09.006>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Segregation+and+Tiebout+Sorting%3A+The+Link+between+Place-Based+Investments+and+Neighborhood+Tipping&author=Banzhaf+H.Spencer&author=Walsh+Randall+P.&publication+year=2013&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=74&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2012.09.006>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref2" aria-flowto="reference-5-content reference-5-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-5-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Banzhaf</span>, <span class="given-names">H. Spencer</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Mangum</span>, <span class="given-names">Kyle</span></span>. <span class="year">2019</span>. “<span class="article-title">Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning</span>.” <em class="italic">National Bureau of Economics</em>. Working Paper No. 25699.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25699>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Capitalization+as+a+Two-Part+Tariff%3A+The+Role+of+Zoning&author=Banzhaf+H.+Spencer&author=Mangum+Kyle&publication+year=2019>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref3" aria-flowto="reference-6-content reference-6-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-6-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Banzhaf</span>, <span class="given-names">Spencer</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Walsh</span>, <span class="given-names">Randall P.</span></span>. <span class="year">2008</span>. “<span class="article-title">Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism</span>.” <span class="source">The American Economic Review</span> <span class="volume">98</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">843</span>–63. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.843">10.1257/aer.98.3.843</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.843>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Do+People+Vote+with+Their+Feet%3F+An+Empirical+Test+of+Tiebout%E2%80%99s+Mechanism&author=Banzhaf+Spencer&author=Walsh+Randall+P.&publication+year=2008&journal=The+American+Economic+Review&volume=98&doi=10.1257%2Faer.98.3.843>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref4" aria-flowto="reference-7-content reference-7-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-7-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Bates</span>, <span class="given-names">Laurie</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Santerre</span>, <span class="given-names">Rexford</span></span>. <span class="year">1994</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Regional Science</span> <span class="volume">34</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">253</span>–63.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Determinants+of+Restrictive+Residential+Zoning%3A+Some+Empirical+Findings&author=Bates+Laurie&author=Santerre+Rexford&publication+year=1994&journal=Journal+of+Regional+Science&volume=34&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref5" aria-flowto="reference-8-content reference-8-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-8-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Bayer</span>, <span class="given-names">Patrick</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Ferreira</span>, <span class="given-names">Fernando</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">McMillan</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert</span></span>. <span class="year">2007</span>. “<span class="article-title">A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Political Economy</span> <span class="volume">115</span> (<span class="issue">4</span>): <span class="fpage">588</span>–638. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1086/522381">10.1086/522381</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522381>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+Unified+Framework+for+Measuring+Preferences+for+Schools+and+Neighborhoods&author=Bayer+Patrick&author=Ferreira+Fernando&author=McMillan+Robert&publication+year=2007&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=115&doi=10.1086%2F522381>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref6" aria-flowto="reference-9-content reference-9-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-9-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Bayer</span>, <span class="given-names">Patrick</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">McMillan</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Rueben</span>, <span class="given-names">Kim S.</span></span>. <span class="year">2004</span>. “<span class="article-title">What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Urban Economics</span> <span class="volume">56</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">514</span>–35. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2004.06.002">10.1016/j.jue.2004.06.002</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2004.06.002>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Drives+Racial+Segregation%3F+New+Evidence+Using+Census+Microdata&author=Bayer+Patrick&author=McMillan+Robert&author=Rueben+Kim+S.&publication+year=2004&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=56&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2004.06.002>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref7" aria-flowto="reference-10-content reference-10-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-10-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Been</span>, <span class="given-names">Vicki</span></span>. <span class="year">2018</span>. “<span class="article-title">City NIMBYS</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Land Use</span> <span class="volume">33</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">217</span>–50.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for City NIMBYS' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=City+NIMBYS&author=Been+Vicki&publication+year=2018&journal=Journal+of+Land+Use&volume=33>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref8" aria-flowto="reference-11-content reference-11-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-11-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Bischoff</span>, <span class="given-names">Kendra</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Reardon</span>, <span class="given-names">Sean F.</span></span>. <span class="year">2013</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">Residential Segregation by Income, 1970–2009</span>.” In <span class="source">Russell Sage Foundation</span>. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="http://10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004">10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004</a>, <span class="fpage">1</span>–44. <a class="uri simple" href="http://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/report10162013.pdf">http://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/report10162013.pdf</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Russell Sage Foundation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Russell+Sage+Foundation&author=Bischoff+Kendra&author=Reardon+Sean+F.&publication+year=2013>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref9" aria-flowto="reference-12-content reference-12-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-12-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Bogart</span>, <span class="given-names">William</span></span>. <span class="year">1993</span>. “<span class="article-title">What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning</span>.” <span class="source">Urban Studies</span> <span class="volume">30</span> (<span class="issue">10</span>): <span class="fpage">1669</span>–81.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989320081651>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Big+Teeth+You+Have!+Identifying+the+Motivations+for+Exclusionary+Zoning&author=Bogart+William&publication+year=1993&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=30&doi=10.1080%2F00420989320081651>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref10" aria-flowto="reference-13-content reference-13-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-13-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Boustan</span>, <span class="given-names">Leah P.</span></span> <span class="year">2010</span>. “<span class="article-title">Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration</span>.” <span class="source">Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> <span class="volume">125</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">417</span>–43. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2010.125.1.417">10.1162/qjec.2010.125.1.417</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2010.125.1.417>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Was+Postwar+Suburbanization+%E2%80%98White+Flight%E2%80%99%3F+Evidence+from+the+Black+Migration&author=Boustan+Leah+P.&publication+year=2010&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=125&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2010.125.1.417>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref11" aria-flowto="reference-14-content reference-14-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-14-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Boustan</span>, <span class="given-names">Leah Platt</span></span>. <span class="year">2012</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">Racial Residential Segregation in American Cities</span>.” In <span class="source">The Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning</span>, eds. <span class="name"><span class="surname">Brooks</span>, <span class="given-names">Nancy</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Donaghy</span>, <span class="given-names">Kieran</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Knaap</span>, <span class="given-names">Gerrit</span></span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Oxford University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Urban+Economics+and+Planning&author=Boustan+Leah+Platt&author=Brooks+Nancy&author=Donaghy+Kieran&author=Knaap+Gerrit&publication+year=2012>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref12" aria-flowto="reference-15-content reference-15-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-15-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Box-Steffensmeier</span>, <span class="given-names">Janet</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Brady</span>, <span class="given-names">Henry</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Collier</span>, <span class="given-names">David</span></span>, eds. <span class="year">2010</span>. <span class="source">The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Oxford</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Oxford University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Political+Methodology&author=Box-Steffensmeier+Janet&author=Brady+Henry&author=Collier+David&publication+year=2010>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref13" aria-flowto="reference-16-content reference-16-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-16-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Bradford</span>, <span class="given-names">David F.</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Malt</span>, <span class="given-names">R. A.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Oates</span>, <span class="given-names">Wallace E.</span></span>. <span class="year">1969</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections</span>.” <span class="source">National Tax Journal</span> <span class="volume">22</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">185</span>–202. <a class="uri simple" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/56018665?accountid=14515">https://search.proquest.com/docview/56018665?accountid=14515</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/NTJ41792204>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Rising+Cost+of+Local+Public+Services%3A+Some+Evidence+and+Reflections&author=Bradford+David+F.&author=Malt+R.+A.&author=Oates+Wallace+E.&publication+year=1969&journal=National+Tax+Journal&volume=22&doi=10.1086%2FNTJ41792204>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref83" aria-flowto="reference-17-content reference-17-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-17-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Briffault</span>, <span class="given-names">Richard.</span></span> <span class="year">1990</span>. “<span class="article-title">Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory</span>.” <span class="source">Columbia Law Review</span> <span class="volume">90</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">346</span>–54.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1122776>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Our+Localism%3A+Part+II%E2%80%94Localism+and+Legal+Theory&author=Briffault+Richard.&publication+year=1990&journal=Columbia+Law+Review&volume=90&doi=10.2307%2F1122776>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref84" aria-flowto="reference-18-content reference-18-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-18-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Burch</span>, <span class="given-names">Traci</span></span>. <span class="year">2014</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment</span>.” <span class="source">Law and Policy</span> <span class="volume">36</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">223</span>–55.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12022>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Old+Jim+Crow%3A+Racial+Residential+Segregation+and+Imprisonment&author=Burch+Traci&publication+year=2014&journal=Law+and+Policy&volume=36&doi=10.1111%2Flapo.12022>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref14" aria-flowto="reference-19-content reference-19-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-19-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Calabrese</span>, <span class="given-names">Stephen</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Epple</span>, <span class="given-names">Dennis</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Romano</span>, <span class="given-names">Richard</span></span>. <span class="year">2012</span>. “<span class="article-title">Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition</span>.” <span class="source">The Review of Economic Studies</span> <span class="volume">79</span>: <span class="fpage">1081</span>–111.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdr048>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Inefficiencies+from+Metropolitan+Political+and+Fiscal+Decentralization%3A+Failures+of+Tiebout+Competition&author=Calabrese+Stephen&author=Epple+Dennis&author=Romano+Richard&publication+year=2012&journal=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&volume=79&doi=10.1093%2Frestud%2Frdr048>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref15" aria-flowto="reference-20-content reference-20-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-20-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Card</span>, <span class="given-names">David</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Mas</span>, <span class="given-names">Alexandre</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Rothstein</span>, <span class="given-names">Jesse</span></span>. <span class="year">2008</span>. “<span class="article-title">Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> <span class="volume">123</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">177</span>–218.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.1.177>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Tipping+and+the+Dynamics+of+Segregation&author=Card+David&author=Mas+Alexandre&author=Rothstein+Jesse&publication+year=2008&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=123&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2008.123.1.177>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref16" aria-flowto="reference-21-content reference-21-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-21-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Chetty</span>, <span class="given-names">Raj</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Hendren</span>, <span class="given-names">Nathaniel</span></span>. <span class="year">2018a</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects</span>.” <span class="source">Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> <span class="volume">133</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">1107</span>–62.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjy007>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Impacts+of+Neighborhoods+on+Intergenerational+Mobility+I%3A+Childhood+Exposure+Effects&author=Chetty+Raj&author=Hendren+Nathaniel&publication+year=2018a&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=133&doi=10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjy007>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref17" aria-flowto="reference-22-content reference-22-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-22-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Chetty</span>, <span class="given-names">Raj</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Hendren</span>, <span class="given-names">Nathaniel</span></span>. <span class="year">2018b</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects</span>.” <span class="source">Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> <span class="volume">133</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">1163</span>–228.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjy006>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Impacts+of+Neighborhoods+on+Intergenerational+Mobility+I%3A+Childhood+Exposure+Effects&author=Chetty+Raj&author=Hendren+Nathaniel&publication+year=2018b&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=133&doi=10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjy006>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref18" aria-flowto="reference-23-content reference-23-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-23-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Charles</span>, <span class="given-names">Camille Z.</span></span> <span class="year">2003</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">Annual Review of Sociology</span> <span class="volume">29</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">167</span>–207. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002">10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002</a>. <a class="uri simple" href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002">http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Dynamics+of+Racial+Residential+Segregation&author=Charles+Camille+Z.&publication+year=2003&journal=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&volume=29&doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref19" aria-flowto="reference-24-content reference-24-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-24-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Charles</span>, <span class="given-names">Camille Zubrinsky</span></span>. <span class="year">2006</span>. <span class="source">Won’T You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Russell Sage Foundation</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Won’T You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Won%E2%80%99T+You+Be+My+Neighbor%3F+Race%2C+Class%2C+and+Residence+in+Los+Angeles&author=Charles+Camille+Zubrinsky&publication+year=2006>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref85" aria-flowto="reference-25-content reference-25-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-25-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Connerly</span>, <span class="given-names">Charles E</span></span>. <span class="year">2005</span>. <span class="source">The Most Segregated City in America: City Planning and Civil rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Charlottesville</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University Press of Virginia</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Most Segregated City in America: City Planning and Civil rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Most+Segregated+City+in+America%3A+City+Planning+and+Civil+rights+in+Birmingham%2C+1920%E2%80%931980&author=Connerly+Charles+E&publication+year=2005>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref20" aria-flowto="reference-26-content reference-26-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-26-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Connolly</span>, <span class="given-names">N.D.B.</span></span> <span class="year">2014</span>. <span class="source">A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Chicago</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of Chicago Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226135250.001.0001>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+World+More+Concrete%3A+Real+Estate+and+the+Remaking+of+Jim+Crow+South+Florida&author=Connolly+N.D.B.&publication+year=2014>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref86" aria-flowto="reference-27-content reference-27-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-27-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Cutler</span>, <span class="given-names">David M.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Glaeser</span>, <span class="given-names">Edward L.</span></span>. <span class="year">1997</span>. “<span class="article-title">Are Ghettos Good or Bad?</span>” <span class="source">The Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> <span class="volume">112</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">827</span>–72.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Are Ghettos Good or Bad?' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355397555361>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Are Ghettos Good or Bad?' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Are+Ghettos+Good+or+Bad%3F&author=Cutler+David+M.&author=Glaeser+Edward+L.&publication+year=1997&journal=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=112&doi=10.1162%2F003355397555361>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref21" aria-flowto="reference-28-content reference-28-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-28-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Cutler</span>, <span class="given-names">David M.</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Glaeser</span>, <span class="given-names">Edward L.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Vigdor</span>, <span class="given-names">Jacob L.</span></span>. <span class="year">1999</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Political Economy</span> <span class="volume">107</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">455</span>–506. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="http://10.1086/250069">10.1086/250069</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/250069>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Rise+and+Decline+of+the+American+Ghetto&author=Cutler+David+M.&author=Glaeser+Edward+L.&author=Vigdor+Jacob+L.&publication+year=1999&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=107&doi=10.1086%2F250069>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref22" aria-flowto="reference-29-content reference-29-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-29-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Darity</span>, <span class="given-names">William</span></span>. <span class="year">2005</span>. “<span class="article-title">Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Economics and Finance</span> <span class="volume">29</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">144</span>–53.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02761550>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stratification+Economics%3A+The+Role+of+Intergroup+Inequality&author=Darity+William&publication+year=2005&journal=Journal+of+Economics+and+Finance&volume=29&doi=10.1007%2FBF02761550>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref23" aria-flowto="reference-30-content reference-30-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-30-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Darity</span>, <span class="given-names">William</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Hamilton</span>, <span class="given-names">Darrick</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Stewart</span>, <span class="given-names">James</span></span>. <span class="year">2015</span>. “<span class="article-title">A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics</span>.” <span class="source">The Review of Black Political Economy</span> <span class="volume">42</span>: <span class="fpage">1</span>–6.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12114-014-9201-2>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+Tour+De+Force+in+Understanding+Intergroup+Inequality%3A+An+Introduction+to+Stratification+Economics&author=Darity+William&author=Hamilton+Darrick&author=Stewart+James&publication+year=2015&journal=The+Review+of+Black+Political+Economy&volume=42&doi=10.1007%2Fs12114-014-9201-2>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref24" aria-flowto="reference-31-content reference-31-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-31-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Denton</span>, <span class="given-names">Nancy A.</span></span> and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Massey</span>, <span class="given-names">Douglas S.</span></span>. <span class="year">1991</span>. “<span class="article-title">Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980</span>.” <span class="source">Demography</span> <span class="volume">28</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">41</span>–63. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2061335">10.2307/2061335</a>. <a class="uri simple" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2061335">http://www.jstor.org/stable/2061335</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061335>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Patterns+of+Neighborhood+Transition+in+a+Multiethnic+World%3A+U.S.+Metropolitan+Areas%2C+1970%E2%80%931980&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&publication+year=1991&journal=Demography&volume=28&doi=10.2307%2F2061335>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref25" aria-flowto="reference-32-content reference-32-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-32-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Du Bois</span>, <span class="given-names">W. E. B.</span></span> <span class="year">1935</span>. <span class="source">Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880</span> <span class="publisher-loc">Harcourt</span>, <span class="publisher-name">Brace and Company</span>. <a class="uri simple" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/58303420?accountid=14515">https://search.proquest.com/docview/58303420?accountid=14515</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Black+Reconstruction%3A+An+Essay+Toward+a+History+of+the+Part+Which+Black+Folk+Played+in+the+Attempt+to+Reconstruct+Democracy+in+America%2C+1860%E2%80%931880&author=Du+Bois+W.+E.+B.&publication+year=1935>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref89" aria-flowto="reference-33-content reference-33-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-33-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Einstein</span>, <span class="given-names">Katherine</span></span>. <span class="year">2012</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">Divided Regions: Race, Political Segregation, and the Fragmentation of American Metropolitan Policy</span>.” Doctoral dissertation. <span class="publisher-name">Harvard University</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Einstein,+Katherine.+2012.+“Divided+Regions:+Race,+Political+Segregation,+and+the+Fragmentation+of+American+Metropolitan+Policy.”+Doctoral+dissertation.+Harvard+University.>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref90" aria-flowto="reference-34-content reference-34-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-34-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Einstein</span>, <span class="given-names">Katherine Levine</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Glick</span>, <span class="given-names">David M.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Palmer</span>, <span class="given-names">Maxwell</span></span>. <span class="year">2019</span>. <span class="source">Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Cambridge University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108769495>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Nieghborhood+Defenders%3A+Participatory+Politics+and+America%E2%80%99s+Housing+Crisis&author=Einstein+Katherine+Levine&author=Glick+David+M.&author=Palmer+Maxwell&publication+year=2019>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref26" aria-flowto="reference-35-content reference-35-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-35-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Ellen</span>, <span class="given-names">Ingrid Gould</span></span>. <span class="year">2000</span>. <span class="source">Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cambridge</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Harvard University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674036406>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sharing+America%E2%80%99s+Neighborhoods%3A+The+Prospects+for+Stable+Racial+Integration&author=Ellen+Ingrid+Gould&publication+year=2000>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref91" aria-flowto="reference-36-content reference-36-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-36-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Ellickson</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert C.</span></span> <span class="year">1977</span>. “<span class="article-title">Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis</span>.” Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 470.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/795798>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Suburban+Growth+Controls%3A+An+Economic+and+Legal+Analysis&author=Ellickson+Robert+C.&publication+year=1977>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref27" aria-flowto="reference-37-content reference-37-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-37-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Elmendorf</span>, <span class="given-names">Christopher</span></span>. <span class="year">2019</span>. “<span class="article-title">Beyond the Double Veto: Land Use Plans as Preemptive Intergovernmental Compacts</span>.” <span class="source">Hastings Law Journal</span> <span class="volume">71</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">79</span>–<span class="lpage">150</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Beyond the Double Veto: Land Use Plans as Preemptive Intergovernmental Compacts' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Beyond+the+Double+Veto%3A+Land+Use+Plans+as+Preemptive+Intergovernmental+Compacts&author=Elmendorf+Christopher&publication+year=2019&journal=Hastings+Law+Journal&volume=71&pages=79-150>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref28" aria-flowto="reference-38-content reference-38-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-38-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Emerson</span>, <span class="given-names">Michael O.</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Chai</span>, <span class="given-names">Karen J.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Yancey</span>, <span class="given-names">George</span></span>. <span class="year">2001</span>. “<span class="article-title">Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans</span>.” <span class="source">American Sociological Review</span> <span class="volume">66</span> (<span class="issue">6</span>): <span class="fpage">922</span>–35. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3088879">10.2307/3088879</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240106600607>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Does+Race+Matter+in+Residential+Segregation%3F+Exploring+the+Preferences+of+White+Americans&author=Emerson+Michael+O.&author=Chai+Karen+J.&author=Yancey+George&publication+year=2001&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=66&doi=10.1177%2F000312240106600607>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref29" aria-flowto="reference-39-content reference-39-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-39-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Enos</span>, <span class="given-names">Ryan</span></span>. <span class="year">2017</span>. <span class="source">The Space Between Us</span> <em class="italic">.</em> <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Cambridge University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Space Between Us' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108354943>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Space Between Us' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Space+Between+Us&author=Enos+Ryan&publication+year=2017>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref30" aria-flowto="reference-40-content reference-40-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-40-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Erbe</span>, <span class="given-names">Brigitte Mach</span></span>. <span class="year">1975</span>. “<span class="article-title">Race and Socioeconomic Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">American Sociological Review</span> <span class="volume">40</span> (<span class="issue">6</span>): <span class="fpage">801</span>–12.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Race and Socioeconomic Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2094181>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Race and Socioeconomic Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Race+and+Socioeconomic+Segregation&author=Erbe+Brigitte+Mach&publication+year=1975&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=40&doi=10.2307%2F2094181>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref31" aria-flowto="reference-41-content reference-41-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-41-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Fischel</span>, <span class="given-names">William A.</span></span> <span class="year">2004</span>. “<span class="article-title">An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects</span>.” <span class="source">Urban Studies</span> <span class="volume">41</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">317</span>–40.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000165271>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An+Economic+History+of+Zoning+and+a+Cure+for+its+Exclusionary+Effects&author=Fischel+William+A.&publication+year=2004&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=41&doi=10.1080%2F0042098032000165271>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref32" aria-flowto="reference-42-content reference-42-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-42-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Fischel</span>, <span class="given-names">William A.</span></span> <span class="year">1992</span>. “<span class="article-title">Property Taxation and the Tiebout Model: Evidence for the Benefit View from Zoning and Voting</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Economic Literature</span> <span class="volume">30</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">171</span>–7.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Property Taxation and the Tiebout Model: Evidence for the Benefit View from Zoning and Voting' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Property+Taxation+and+the+Tiebout+Model%3A+Evidence+for+the+Benefit+View+from+Zoning+and+Voting&author=Fischel+William+A.&publication+year=1992&journal=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&volume=30>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref33" aria-flowto="reference-43-content reference-43-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-43-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Fischer</span>, <span class="given-names">Claude S.</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Stockmayer</span>, <span class="given-names">Gretchen</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Stiles</span>, <span class="given-names">Jon</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Hout</span>, <span class="given-names">Michael</span></span>. <span class="year">2004</span>. “<span class="article-title">Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000</span>.” <span class="source">Demography</span> <span class="volume">41</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">37</span>–59. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2004.0002">10.1353/dem.2004.0002</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2004.0002>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Distinguishing+the+Geographic+Levels+and+Social+Dimensions+of+U.S.+Metropolitan+Segregation%2C+1960%E2%80%932000&author=Fischer+Claude+S.&author=Stockmayer+Gretchen&author=Stiles+Jon&author=Hout+Michael&publication+year=2004&journal=Demography&volume=41&doi=10.1353%2Fdem.2004.0002>Google Scholar</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='PubMed link for Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000' href=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15074124>PubMed</a></div></div></div><div id="ref34" aria-flowto="reference-44-content reference-44-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-44-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Fischer</span>, <span class="given-names">Mary J.</span></span> <span class="year">2008</span>. “<span class="article-title">Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">Urban Affairs Review</span> <span class="volume">43</span> (<span class="issue">4</span>): <span class="fpage">475</span>–96.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087407305499>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Shifting+Geographies%3A+Examining+the+Role+of+Suburbanization+in+Blacks%E2%80%99+Declining+Segregation&author=Fischer+Mary+J.&publication+year=2008&journal=Urban+Affairs+Review&volume=43&doi=10.1177%2F1078087407305499>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref35" aria-flowto="reference-45-content reference-45-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-45-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Frasure-Yokley</span>, <span class="given-names">Lorrie</span></span>. <span class="year">2015</span>. <span class="source">Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Cambridge University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316027189>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Racial+and+Ethnic+Politics+in+American+Suburbs&author=Frasure-Yokley+Lorrie&publication+year=2015>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref36" aria-flowto="reference-46-content reference-46-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-46-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Gelman</span>, <span class="given-names">Andrew</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Park</span>, <span class="given-names">David K.</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Stephen</span>, <span class="given-names">Ansolabehere</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Price</span>, <span class="given-names">Phillip N.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Minnite</span>, <span class="given-names">Lorraine C.</span></span>. <span class="year">2001</span>. “<span class="article-title">Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A</span> <span class="volume">164</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">101</span>–18. <a class="uri simple" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2680538">http://www.jstor.org/stable/2680538</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-985X.00190>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Models%2C+Assumptions+and+Model+Checking+in+Ecological+Regressions&author=Gelman+Andrew&author=Park+David+K.&author=Stephen+Ansolabehere&author=Price+Phillip+N.&author=Minnite+Lorraine+C.&publication+year=2001&journal=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society%3A+Series+A&volume=164&doi=10.1111%2F1467-985X.00190>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref37" aria-flowto="reference-47-content reference-47-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-47-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Glickfield</span>, <span class="given-names">Madelyn</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Levine</span>, <span class="given-names">Ned</span></span>. <span class="year">1992</span>. <span class="source">Regional Growth and Local Reaction: The Enactment and Effects of Local Growth Control and Management Measures in California</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cambridge, MA</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Lincoln Institute of Land Policy</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Regional Growth and Local Reaction: The Enactment and Effects of Local Growth Control and Management Measures in California' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Regional+Growth+and+Local+Reaction%3A+The+Enactment+and+Effects+of+Local+Growth+Control+and+Management+Measures+in+California&author=Glickfield+Madelyn&author=Levine+Ned&publication+year=1992>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref38" aria-flowto="reference-48-content reference-48-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-48-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Gotham</span>, <span class="given-names">Kevin F.</span></span> <span class="year">2000</span>. “<span class="article-title">Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration</span>.” <span class="source">Sociological Perspectives</span> <span class="volume">43</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">291</span>–317.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389798>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Racialization+and+the+State%3A+The+Housing+Act+of+1934+and+the+Creation+of+the+Federal+Housing+Administration&author=Gotham+Kevin+F.&publication+year=2000&journal=Sociological+Perspectives&volume=43&doi=10.2307%2F1389798>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref39" aria-flowto="reference-49-content reference-49-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-49-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Gyourko</span>, <span class="given-names">Joseph</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Saiz</span>, <span class="given-names">Albert</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Summers</span>, <span class="given-names">Anita</span></span>. <span class="year">2008</span>. “<span class="article-title">A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index</span>.” <span class="source">Urban Studies</span> <span class="volume">45</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">693</span>–729.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098007087341>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+New+Measure+of+the+Local+Regulatory+Environment+for+Housing+Markets%3A+The+Wharton+Residential+Land+Use+Regulatory+Index&author=Gyourko+Joseph&author=Saiz+Albert&author=Summers+Anita&publication+year=2008&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=45&doi=10.1177%2F0042098007087341>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref40" aria-flowto="reference-50-content reference-50-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-50-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Gyourko</span>, <span class="given-names">Joseph</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Molloy</span>, <span class="given-names">Raven</span></span>. <span class="year">2015</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">Regulation and Housing Supply</span>.” In <span class="source">Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics</span>. Vol. 5B, eds. Gilles Duranton, Vernon Henderson, and William Strange. <span class="publisher-loc">The Netherlands</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Elsevier North Holland</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Handbook+of+Regional+and+Urban+Economics&author=Gyourko+Joseph&author=Molloy+Raven&publication+year=2015>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref41" aria-flowto="reference-51-content reference-51-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-51-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Hall</span>, <span class="given-names">Andrew</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Yoder</span>, <span class="given-names">Jesse</span></span>. <span class="year">2019</span>. “<span class="article-title">Does Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data</span>.” Working Paper: <a class="uri simple" href="https://www.andrewbenjaminhall.com/homeowner.pdf">https://www.andrewbenjaminhall.com/homeowner.pdf</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Does Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Does+Homeownership+Influence+Political+Behavior%3F+Evidence+from+Administrative+Data&author=Hall+Andrew&author=Yoder+Jesse&publication+year=2019>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref42" aria-flowto="reference-52-content reference-52-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-52-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Hamilton</span>, <span class="given-names">Bruce W.</span></span> <span class="year">1975</span>. “<span class="article-title">Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments</span>.” <span class="source">Urban Studies</span> <span class="volume">12</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">205</span>–11. <a class="uri simple" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/60822794?accountid=14515">https://search.proquest.com/docview/60822794?accountid=14515</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420987520080301>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Zoning+and+Property+Taxation+in+a+System+of+Local+Governments&author=Hamilton+Bruce+W.&publication+year=1975&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=12&doi=10.1080%2F00420987520080301>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref43" aria-flowto="reference-53-content reference-53-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-53-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Hankinson</span>, <span class="given-names">Michael</span></span>. <span class="year">2018</span>. “<span class="article-title">When Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism</span>.” <span class="source">American Political Science Review</span> <span class="volume">101</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">393</span>–408.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for When Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=When+Do+Renters+Behave+Like+Homeowners%3F+High+Rent%2C+Price+Anxiety%2C+and+NIMBYism&author=Hankinson+Michael&publication+year=2018&journal=American+Political+Science+Review&volume=101>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref44" aria-flowto="reference-54-content reference-54-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-54-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Harris</span>, <span class="given-names">David R.</span></span> <span class="year">1999</span>. “<span class="article-title">‘Property Values Drop when Blacks Move in, because…’ Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability</span>.” <span class="source">Source American Sociological Review</span> <span class="volume">64</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">461</span>–79. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2657496">10.2307/2657496</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ‘Property Values Drop when Blacks Move in, because…’ Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%E2%80%98Property+Values+Drop+when+Blacks+Move+in%2C+because%E2%80%A6%E2%80%99+Racial+and+Socioeconomic+Determinants+of+Neighborhood+Desirability&author=Harris+David+R.&publication+year=1999&journal=Source+American+Sociological+Review&volume=64>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref45" aria-flowto="reference-55-content reference-55-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-55-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Hilber</span>, <span class="given-names">Christian</span></span>. <span class="year">2011</span>. <span class="source">The Economic Implications of House Price Capitalization: A Survey of an Emerging Literature</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cambridge, MA</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Lincoln Institute of Land Policy</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Economic Implications of House Price Capitalization: A Survey of an Emerging Literature' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Economic+Implications+of+House+Price+Capitalization%3A+A+Survey+of+an+Emerging+Literature&author=Hilber+Christian&publication+year=2011>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref46" aria-flowto="reference-56-content reference-56-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-56-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Hilber</span>, <span class="given-names">Christian</span></span> and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Robert-Nicoud</span>, <span class="given-names">Frederic</span></span>. <span class="year">2013</span>. “<span class="article-title">On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Urban Economics</span> <span class="volume">75</span>: <span class="fpage">29</span>–73.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.10.002>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=On+the+Origins+of+Land+Use+Regulations%3A+Theory+and+Evidence+from+US+Metro+Areas&author=Hilber+Christian&author=Robert-Nicoud+Frederic&publication+year=2013&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=75&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2012.10.002>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref47" aria-flowto="reference-57-content reference-57-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-57-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Hirsch</span>, <span class="given-names">Arnold</span></span>. <span class="year">1983</span>. <span class="source">Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940–1960</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Chicago</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of Chicago Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940–1960' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Making+the+Second+Ghetto%3A+Race+and+Housing+in+Chicago+1940%E2%80%931960&author=Hirsch+Arnold&publication+year=1983>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref48" aria-flowto="reference-58-content reference-58-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-58-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Iceland</span>, <span class="given-names">John</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Wilkes</span>, <span class="given-names">Rima</span></span>. <span class="year">2006</span>. “<span class="article-title">Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">Social Problems</span> <span class="volume">53</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">248</span>–73. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.248">10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.248</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.248>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Does+Socioeconomic+Status+Matter%3F+Race%2C+Class%2C+and+Residential+Segregation&author=Iceland+John&author=Wilkes+Rima&publication+year=2006&journal=Social+Problems&volume=53&doi=10.1525%2Fsp.2006.53.2.248>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref49" aria-flowto="reference-59-content reference-59-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-59-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Jackson</span>, <span class="given-names">Kenneth T.</span></span> <span class="year">1987</span>. <span class="source">Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Oxford University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Crabgrass+Frontier%3A+The+Suburbanization+of+the+United+States&author=Jackson+Kenneth+T.&publication+year=1987>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref50" aria-flowto="reference-60-content reference-60-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-60-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Jargowsky</span>, <span class="given-names">Paul A.</span></span> <span class="year">1996</span>. “<span class="article-title">Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas</span>.” <span class="source">American Sociological Review</span> <span class="volume">61</span> (<span class="issue">6</span>): <span class="fpage">984</span>–98. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2096304">10.2307/2096304</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2096304>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Take+the+Money+and+Run%3A+Economic+Segregation+in+U.S.+Metropolitan+Areas&author=Jargowsky+Paul+A.&publication+year=1996&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=61&doi=10.2307%2F2096304>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref51" aria-flowto="reference-61-content reference-61-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-61-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">King</span>, <span class="given-names">Gary</span></span>. <span class="year">1997</span>. <span class="source">A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Princeton</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Princeton University Press</span>. <a class="uri simple" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/56703405?accountid=14515">https://search.proquest.com/docview/56703405?accountid=14515</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+Solution+to+the+Ecological+Inference+Problem%3A+Reconstructing+Individual+Behavior+from+Aggregate+Data&author=King+Gary&publication+year=1997>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref52" aria-flowto="reference-62-content reference-62-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-62-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">King</span>, <span class="given-names">Gary</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Rosen</span>, <span class="given-names">Ori</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Tanner</span>, <span class="given-names">Martin</span></span>, eds. <span class="year">2004</span>. <span class="source">Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cambridge, UK; New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Cambridge University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511510595>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ecological+Inference%3A+New+Methodological+Strategies&author=King+Gary&author=Rosen+Ori&author=Tanner+Martin&publication+year=2004>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref92" aria-flowto="reference-63-content reference-63-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-63-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Knauss</span>, <span class="given-names">Norman</span></span>. <span class="year">1929</span>. “<span class="article-title">786 Municipalities in United States Now Protected by Zoning Ordinances</span>.” <span class="source">The American City</span> <span class="volume">40</span> (June): <span class="fpage">167</span>–71.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for 786 Municipalities in United States Now Protected by Zoning Ordinances' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=786+Municipalities+in+United+States+Now+Protected+by+Zoning+Ordinances&author=Knauss+Norman&publication+year=1929&journal=The+American+City&volume=40>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref53" aria-flowto="reference-64-content reference-64-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-64-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Kruse</span>, <span class="given-names">Kevin Michael</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Sugrue</span>, <span class="given-names">Thomas</span></span>. <span class="year">2006</span>. <span class="source">The New Suburban History</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Chicago</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of Chicago Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The New Suburban History' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+New+Suburban+History&author=Kruse+Kevin+Michael&author=Sugrue+Thomas&publication+year=2006>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref54" aria-flowto="reference-65-content reference-65-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-65-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Krysan</span>, <span class="given-names">Maria</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Farley</span>, <span class="given-names">Reynolds</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Couper</span>, <span class="given-names">Mick P.</span></span>. <span class="year">2008</span>. “<span class="article-title">In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">Du Bois Review</span> <span class="volume">5</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">5</span>–26.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X08080028>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=In+the+Eye+of+the+Beholder%3A+Racial+Beliefs+and+Residential+Segregation&author=Krysan+Maria&author=Farley+Reynolds&author=Couper+Mick+P.&publication+year=2008&journal=Du+Bois+Review&volume=5&doi=10.1017%2FS1742058X08080028>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref55" aria-flowto="reference-66-content reference-66-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-66-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Linneman</span>, <span class="given-names">Peter</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Summers</span>, <span class="given-names">Anita</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Brooks</span>, <span class="given-names">Nancy</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Buist</span>, <span class="given-names">Henry</span></span>. <span class="year">1990</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">The State of Local Growth Management</span>.” <em class="italic">The Wharton School</em>, <span class="publisher-name">University of Pennsylvania</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Linneman,+Peter,+Summers,+Anita,+Brooks,+Nancy,+and+Buist,+Henry.+1990.+“The+State+of+Local+Growth+Management.”+The+Wharton+School,+University+of+Pennsylvania.>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref56" aria-flowto="reference-67-content reference-67-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-67-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Logan</span>, <span class="given-names">John</span></span>. <span class="year">2011</span>. <span class="source">Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in Metropolitan America</span>. US2010 Project.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in Metropolitan America' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Separate+and+Unequal%3A+The+Neighborhood+Gap+for+Blacks%2C+Hispanics+and+Asians+in+Metropolitan+America&author=Logan+John&publication+year=2011>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref57" aria-flowto="reference-68-content reference-68-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-68-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Logan</span>, <span class="given-names">John R.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Molotch</span>, <span class="given-names">Harvey L.</span></span>. <span class="year">1987</span>. <span class="source">Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Berkeley</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of California Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Urban+Fortunes%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Place&author=Logan+John+R.&author=Molotch+Harvey+L.&publication+year=1987>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref58" aria-flowto="reference-69-content reference-69-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-69-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Lutz</span>, <span class="given-names">Byron</span></span>. <span class="year">2015</span>. “<span class="article-title">Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment</span>.” <span class="source">American Economic Journal: Economic Policy</span> <span class="volume">7</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">300</span>–30.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Quasi-Experimental+Evidence+on+the+Connection+between+Property+Taxes+and+Residential+Capital+Investment&author=Lutz+Byron&publication+year=2015&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Economic+Policy&volume=7>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref59" aria-flowto="reference-70-content reference-70-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-70-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Marble</span>, <span class="given-names">William</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Nall</span>, <span class="given-names">Clayton</span></span>. <span class="year">2018</span>. “<span class="article-title">Where Interests Trump Ideology: The Persistent Influence of Homeownership in Local Development Politics</span>.” Working Paper.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Where Interests Trump Ideology: The Persistent Influence of Homeownership in Local Development Politics' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Where+Interests+Trump+Ideology%3A+The+Persistent+Influence+of+Homeownership+in+Local+Development+Politics&author=Marble+William&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2018>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref60" aria-flowto="reference-71-content reference-71-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-71-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Massey</span>, <span class="given-names">Douglas S.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Denton</span>, <span class="given-names">Nancy A.</span></span>. <span class="year">1993</span>. <span class="source">American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cambridge</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Harvard University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=American+Apartheid%3A+Segregation+and+the+Making+of+the+Underclass&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&publication+year=1993>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref61" aria-flowto="reference-72-content reference-72-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-72-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Massey</span>, <span class="given-names">Douglas S.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Denton</span>, <span class="given-names">Nancy A.</span></span>. <span class="year">1988</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Dimensions of Residential Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">Social Forces</span> <span class="volume">67</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">281</span>–315. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2579183">10.2307/2579183</a>. <a class="uri simple" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579183">http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579183</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Dimensions of Residential Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579183>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Dimensions of Residential Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Dimensions+of+Residential+Segregation&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&publication+year=1988&journal=Social+Forces&volume=67&doi=10.2307%2F2579183>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref62" aria-flowto="reference-73-content reference-73-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-73-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">McMichael</span>, <span class="given-names">Stanley</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Bingham</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert</span></span>. <span class="year">1923</span>. <span class="source">City Growth and Values</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cleveland, OH</span>: <span class="publisher-name">The Stanley McMichael Publishing Organization</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for City Growth and Values' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=City+Growth+and+Values&author=McMichael+Stanley&author=Bingham+Robert&publication+year=1923>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref63" aria-flowto="reference-74-content reference-74-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-74-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Mummolo</span>, <span class="given-names">Jonathan</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Nall</span>, <span class="given-names">Clayton</span></span>. <span class="year">2017</span>. “<span class="article-title">Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">The Journal of Politics</span> <span class="volume">79</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">45</span>. <a class="uri simple" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1857348615?accountid=14515">https://search.proquest.com/docview/1857348615?accountid=14515</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/687569>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Why+Partisans+Do+Not+Sort%3A+The+Constraints+on+Political+Segregation&author=Mummolo+Jonathan&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2017&journal=The+Journal+of+Politics&volume=79&doi=10.1086%2F687569>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref64" aria-flowto="reference-75-content reference-75-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-75-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Nall</span>, <span class="given-names">Clayton</span></span>. <span class="year">2018</span>. <span class="source">The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Cambridge University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108277952>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Road+to+Inequality%3A+How+the+Federal+Highway+Program+Created+Suburbs%2C+Undermined+Cities%2C+and+Polarized+America&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2018>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref65" aria-flowto="reference-76-content reference-76-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-76-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Oates</span>, <span class="given-names">Wallace E.</span></span> <span class="year">1981</span>. “<span class="article-title">On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model</span>.” <span class="source">The American Economic Review</span> <span class="volume">71</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">93</span>–8. <a class="uri simple" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1815699">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1815699</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=On+Local+Finance+and+the+Tiebout+Model&author=Oates+Wallace+E.&publication+year=1981&journal=The+American+Economic+Review&volume=71>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref66" aria-flowto="reference-77-content reference-77-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-77-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Olson</span>, <span class="given-names">Mancur</span></span>. <span class="year">1965</span>. <span class="source">The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Cambridge</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Harvard University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674041660>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Logic+of+Collective+Action%3A+Public+Goods+and+the+Theory+of+Groups&author=Olson+Mancur&publication+year=1965>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref67" aria-flowto="reference-78-content reference-78-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-78-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Pendall</span>, <span class="given-names">Rolf</span></span>. <span class="year">2000</span>. “<span class="article-title">Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of the American Planning Association</span> <span class="volume">66</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">125</span>–42.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944360008976094>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Local+Land+Use+Regulations+and+the+Chain+of+Exclusion&author=Pendall+Rolf&publication+year=2000&journal=Journal+of+the+American+Planning+Association&volume=66&doi=10.1080%2F01944360008976094>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref68" aria-flowto="reference-79-content reference-79-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-79-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Pendall</span>, <span class="given-names">Rolf</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Puentes</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Martin</span>, <span class="given-names">Jonathan</span></span>. <span class="year">2006</span>. <span class="source">From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Washington DC</span>: <span class="publisher-name">The Brookings Institution</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=From+Traditional+to+Reformed%3A+A+Review+of+the+Land+Use+Regulations+in+the+Nation%E2%80%99s+50+Largest+Metropolitan+Areas&author=Pendall+Rolf&author=Puentes+Robert&author=Martin+Jonathan&publication+year=2006>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref69" aria-flowto="reference-80-content reference-80-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-80-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Pogodzinski</span>, <span class="given-names">J. M.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Sass</span>, <span class="given-names">Tim</span></span>. <span class="year">1994</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning</span>.” <span class="source">Regional Science and Urban Economics</span> <span class="volume">24</span> (<span class="issue">5</span>): <span class="fpage">601</span>–30.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(94)02059-0>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Theory+and+Estimation+of+Endogenous+Zoning&author=Pogodzinski+J.+M.&author=Sass+Tim&publication+year=1994&journal=Regional+Science+and+Urban+Economics&volume=24&doi=10.1016%2F0166-0462(94)02059-0>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref93" aria-flowto="reference-81-content reference-81-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-81-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Rice</span>, <span class="given-names">Roger L.</span></span> <span class="year">1968</span>. “<span class="article-title">Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917</span>.” <span class="source">The Journal of Southern History</span> <span class="volume">34</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">179</span>–99.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204656>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Residential+Segregation+by+Law%2C+1910%E2%80%931917&author=Rice+Roger+L.&publication+year=1968&journal=The+Journal+of+Southern+History&volume=34&doi=10.2307%2F2204656>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref70" aria-flowto="reference-82-content reference-82-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-82-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Ross</span>, <span class="given-names">Stephen L.</span></span> <span class="year">2008</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">Understanding Racial Segregation: What Is Known about the Effect of Housing Discrimination</span>.” <span class="source"><em class="italic">Economics</em></span>. Working Papers #200815, <span class="publisher-name">University of Connecticut</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Economics' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Economics&author=Ross+Stephen+L.&publication+year=2008>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref71" aria-flowto="reference-83-content reference-83-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-83-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Rothstein</span>, <span class="given-names">Richard</span></span>. <span class="year">2017</span>. <span class="source">The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Liveright Publishing</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Color+of+Law%3A+A+Forgotten+History+of+How+Our+Government+Segregated+America&author=Rothstein+Richard&publication+year=2017>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref72" aria-flowto="reference-84-content reference-84-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-84-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Rothwell</span>, <span class="given-names">Jonathan T.</span></span> <span class="year">2011</span>. “<span class="article-title">Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States</span>.” <span class="source">American Law and Economics Review</span> <span class="volume">13</span> (<span class="issue">1</span>): <span class="fpage">290</span>–358. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahq015">10.1093/aler/ahq015</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahq015>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Racial+Enclaves+and+Density+Zoning%3A+The+Institutionalized+Segregation+of+Racial+Minorities+in+the+United+States&author=Rothwell+Jonathan+T.&publication+year=2011&journal=American+Law+and+Economics+Review&volume=13&doi=10.1093%2Faler%2Fahq015>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref95" aria-flowto="reference-85-content reference-85-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-85-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Saiz</span>, <span class="given-names">Albert</span></span>. <span class="year">2010</span>. “<span class="article-title">The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply</span>.” <span class="source">The Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> <span class="volume">125</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">1253</span>–96.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2010.125.3.1253>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Geographic+Determinants+of+Housing+Supply&author=Saiz+Albert&publication+year=2010&journal=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=125&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2010.125.3.1253>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref96" aria-flowto="reference-86-content reference-86-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-86-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Sampson</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert J</span></span>. <span class="year">2012</span>. <span class="chapter-title">Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Chicago</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of Chicago Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sampson,+Robert+J.+2012.+Great+American+City:+Chicago+and+the+Enduring+Neighborhood+Effect.+Chicago:+University+of+Chicago+Press.>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref73" aria-flowto="reference-87-content reference-87-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-87-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Schelling</span>, <span class="given-names">Thomas C.</span></span> <span class="year">1971</span>. “<span class="article-title">Dynamic Models of Segregation</span>.” <span class="source">The Journal of Mathematical Sociology the Journal of Mathematical Sociology</span> <span class="volume">1</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">143</span>–86.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Dynamic Models of Segregation' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Dynamic Models of Segregation' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dynamic+Models+of+Segregation&author=Schelling+Thomas+C.&publication+year=1971&journal=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology+the+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&volume=1&doi=10.1080%2F0022250X.1971.9989794>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref74" aria-flowto="reference-88-content reference-88-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-88-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Schwab</span>, <span class="given-names">Robert</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Oates</span>, <span class="given-names">Wallace</span></span>. <span class="year">1991</span>. “<span class="article-title">Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Public Economics</span> <span class="volume">44</span> (<span class="issue">2</span>): <span class="fpage">217</span>–37.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(91)90027-Y>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Community+Composition+and+the+Provision+of+Local+Public+Goods%3A+A+Normative+Analysis&author=Schwab+Robert&author=Oates+Wallace&publication+year=1991&journal=Journal+of+Public+Economics&volume=44&doi=10.1016%2F0047-2727(91)90027-Y>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref97" aria-flowto="reference-89-content reference-89-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-89-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Sharkey</span>, <span class="given-names">Patrick</span></span>. <span class="year">2013</span>. <span class="source">Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Chicago</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of Chicago Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226924267.001.0001>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stuck+in+Place%3A+Urban+Neighborhoods+and+the+End+of+Progress+toward+Racial+Equality&author=Sharkey+Patrick&publication+year=2013>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref75" aria-flowto="reference-90-content reference-90-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-90-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Shertzer</span>, <span class="given-names">Allison</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Twinam</span>, <span class="given-names">Tate</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Walsh</span>, <span class="given-names">Randall</span></span>. <span class="year">2016</span>. “<span class="article-title">Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning</span>.” <span class="source">American Economic Journal: Applied Economics</span> <span class="volume">8</span> (<span class="issue">3</span>): <span class="fpage">217</span>–46.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Discriminatory+Zoning&author=Shertzer+Allison&author=Twinam+Tate&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2016&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&volume=8>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref76" aria-flowto="reference-91-content reference-91-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-91-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Shertzer</span>, <span class="given-names">Allison</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Twinam</span>, <span class="given-names">Tate</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Walsh</span>, <span class="given-names">Randall</span></span>. <span class="year">2018</span>. “<span class="article-title">Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Urban Economics</span> <span class="volume">105</span>: <span class="fpage">20</span>–39.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2018.01.006>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Zoning+and+the+Economic+Geography+of+Cities&author=Shertzer+Allison&author=Twinam+Tate&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2018&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=105&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2018.01.006>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref94" aria-flowto="reference-92-content reference-92-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-92-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Silver</span>, <span class="given-names">Christopher</span></span>. <span class="year">1997</span>. “<span class="chapter-title">The Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities</span>.” In <span class="source">Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows</span>, eds. <span class="name"><span class="surname">Thomas</span>, <span class="given-names">June Manning</span></span> and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Ritzdorf</span>, <span class="given-names">Marsha</span></span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Thousand Oaks</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Sage Publications</span>, <span class="fpage">23</span>–<span class="lpage">42</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Urban+Planning+and+the+African+American+Community%3A+In+the+Shadows&author=Silver+Christopher&author=Thomas+June+Manning&author=Ritzdorf+Marsha&publication+year=1997&pages=23-42>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref77" aria-flowto="reference-93-content reference-93-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-93-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Stone</span>, <span class="given-names">Clarence N.</span></span> <span class="year">1989</span>. <span class="source">Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Lawrence, Kan</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University Press of Kansas</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Regime+Politics%3A+Governing+Atlanta%2C+1946%E2%80%931988.+Studies+in+Government+and+Public+Policy&author=Stone+Clarence+N.&publication+year=1989>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref78" aria-flowto="reference-94-content reference-94-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-94-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Taub</span>, <span class="given-names">Richard P.</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Taylor</span>, <span class="given-names">D. G.</span></span>, and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Dunham</span>, <span class="given-names">Jan D.</span></span>. <span class="year">1984</span>. <span class="source">Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">Chicago</span>: <span class="publisher-name">University of Chicago Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Paths+of+Neighborhood+Change%3A+Race+and+Crime+in+Urban+America&author=Taub+Richard+P.&author=Taylor+D.+G.&author=Dunham+Jan+D.&publication+year=1984>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref79" aria-flowto="reference-95-content reference-95-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-95-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Tiebout</span>, <span class="given-names">Charles M.</span></span> <span class="year">1956</span>. “<span class="article-title">A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures</span>.” <span class="source">Journal of Political Economy</span> <span class="volume">64</span> (<span class="issue">5</span>): <span class="fpage">416</span>–24. doi: <a class="uri simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1086/257839">10.1086/257839</a>. <a class="uri simple" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1826343">http://www.jstor.org/stable/1826343</a>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/257839>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+Pure+Theory+of+Local+Expenditures&author=Tiebout+Charles+M.&publication+year=1956&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=64&doi=10.1086%2F257839>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref80" aria-flowto="reference-96-content reference-96-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-96-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Toll</span>, <span class="given-names">Seymour I</span></span>. <span class="year">1969</span>. <span class="source">Zoned American</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Grossman Publishers</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zoned American' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Zoned+American&author=Toll+Seymour+I&publication+year=1969>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref81" aria-flowto="reference-97-content reference-97-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-97-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Troesken</span>, <span class="given-names">Werner</span></span> and <span class="name"><span class="surname">Walsh</span>, <span class="given-names">Randall</span></span>. <span class="year">2017</span>. “<span class="article-title">Collective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws</span>.”NBER Working Paper No. 23691.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Collective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Collective+Action%2C+White+Flight%2C+and+the+Origins+of+Formal+Segregation+Laws&author=Troesken+Werner&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2017>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref98" aria-flowto="reference-98-content reference-98-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-98-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Trounstine</span>, <span class="given-names">Jessica</span></span>. <span class="year">2018</span>. <span class="source">Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Cambridge University Press</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108555722>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Segregation+by+Design%3A+Local+Politics+and+Inequality+in+American+Cities&author=Trounstine+Jessica&publication+year=2018>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref82" aria-flowto="reference-99-content reference-99-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-99-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Yinger</span>, <span class="given-names">John</span></span>. <span class="year">1997</span>. <span class="source">Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination</span>. <span class="publisher-loc">New York</span>: <span class="publisher-name">Russell Sage Foundation</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Closed+Doors%2C+Opportunities+Lost%3A+The+Continuing+Costs+of+Housing+Discrimination&author=Yinger+John&publication+year=1997>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div>   <div id="supplementary-materials-tab" class="supplementary-materials tab-pane"><div class="materials-table"><div class="materials-table__item"><div class="materials-table__row"><img src="/core/page-component/img/link-icon.edd0163.svg" alt="Supplementary material: Link" class="app-icon materials-table__row__left-elem link" data-v-d2c09870> <div class="materials-table__row__main-elem"><h3 class="materials-table__row__title">Trounstine Dataset</h3> <div class="materials-table__row__description">Dataset <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5MAQC2">https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5MAQC2</a></div></div> </div> <div class="materials-table__row"><div class="left-offset"></div>  <div class="right-offset"></div></div>  <div class="materials-table__row border-bottom"><div class="left-offset"></div> <div class="materials-table__row__size-type"> Link </div></div></div><div class="materials-table__item"><div class="materials-table__row"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="Supplementary material: File" class="app-icon materials-table__row__left-elem file" data-v-d2c09870> <div class="materials-table__row__main-elem"><h3 class="materials-table__row__title">Trounstine supplementary material</h3> <div class="materials-table__row__description">Online Appendix</div></div> <a href="https://static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:article:S0003055419000844/resource/name/S0003055419000844sup001.docx" download="" class="app-link clickable-button materials-table__row__right-elem materials-table__row__download-button app-link__icon app-link--" data-v-63dfaf6e><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzNSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNSIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDM1IDM1Ij4KICAgIDxnIGZpbGw9Im5vbmUiIGZpbGwtcnVsZT0iZXZlbm9kZCI+CiAgICAgICAgPGNpcmNsZSBjeD0iMTcuNSIgY3k9IjE3LjUiIHI9IjE3IiBzdHJva2U9IiM1OTU5NTkiLz4KICAgICAgICA8ZyBmaWxsPSIjNTk1OTU5Ij4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPHBhdGggZD0iTTE4LjM5MSAxMnYyLjMwMWMwIDEuNzA3LTEuMzkyIDMuMDk1LTMuMTA0IDMuMDk1SDQuNzEzYy0xLjcxMiAwLTMuMTA0LTEuMzg4LTMuMTA0LTMuMDk1VjEySDB2Mi4zMDFDMCAxNi44OTIgMi4xMTQgMTkgNC43MTMgMTloMTAuNTc0QzE3Ljg4NiAxOSAyMCAxNi44OTIgMjAgMTQuMzAxVjEyaC0xLjYwOXoiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDggOCkiLz4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPHBhdGggZD0iTTE3IDcuOTcxTDE1LjcxMSA2LjY3NyAxMC45MTIgMTEuNDk1IDEwLjkxMiAwIDkuMDg4IDAgOS4wODggMTEuNDk1IDQuMjg5IDYuNjc3IDMgNy45NzEgMTAgMTV6IiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSg4IDgpIi8+CiAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgPC9nPgo8L3N2Zz4K" alt="Download Trounstine supplementary material(File)" class="app-icon icon download" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e> </a></div> <div class="materials-table__row"><div class="left-offset"></div>  <div class="right-offset"></div></div>  <div class="materials-table__row border-bottom"><div class="left-offset"></div> <div class="materials-table__row__size-type"> File 27 KB </div></div></div></div></div>      <div id="comments-tab" class="comments tab-pane" data-v-01f52a0f><a data-comment-type="comment" data-prod-id="BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" aria-label="Submit a response" class="reply-button comments__response" data-v-01f52a0f> Submit a response </a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-01f52a0f> <h2 class="comments__header" data-v-01f52a0f> Comments </h2> <span data-v-01f52a0f>No Comments have been published for this article.</span></div>  <div id="metrics-tab" publication-date="03 February 2020" class="metrics tab-pane" data-v-c41a0c86><div class="app-loader" data-v-c41a0c86></div></div></div></div> </div> <div role="complementary" aria-label="related contents" class="column__main__right" data-v-01274b1d> <div class="cited-by-wrapper" data-v-01274b1d><div class="cited-by"><dl class="cited-by__col"><dt class="cited-by__number">62</dt> <dd><a tabindex="0" data-toggle="modal" aria-label="Open cited by modal 62 existing citations" class="cited-by__link"><span class="number">Cited by</span></a></dd></dl></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator white" data-v-7036083a></div>   </div></div></div></div></div> <div id="cited-by-modal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Cited by modal" aria-hidden="true" class="modal fade" data-v-014d05be data-v-01274b1d><div class="modal-dialog modal-xl cited-by-modal" data-v-014d05be><div tabindex="-1" class="modal-content" data-v-014d05be><div class="modal-header" data-v-014d05be><h1 class="modal-header__heading" data-v-014d05be>Cited by</h1></div> <div class="modal-body" data-v-014d05be><div class="modal-body__loader" data-v-014d05be><div class="modal-body__loader__spinner" data-v-014d05be></div> <p class="modal-body__loader__message" data-v-014d05be>Loading...</p></div></div> <button aria-label="Close Cited by" aria-expanded="false" data-dismiss="modal" class="app-button cited-by-modal__button--close app-button__icon app-button--" data-v-2a038744 data-v-014d05be><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon close-modal" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> </button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,_,$,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae,af,ag,ah,ai,aj,ak,al,am,an,ao,ap,aq,ar,as,at,au,av,aw,ax,ay,az,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF,aG,aH,aI,aJ,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO,aP,aQ,aR,aS,aT,aU,aV,aW,aX,aY,aZ,a_,a$,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf,bg,bh,bi,bj,bk,bl,bm,bn,bo,bp,bq,br,bs,bt,bu,bv,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,bB,bC,bD,bE,bF,bG,bH,bI,bJ,bK,bL,bM,bN,bO,bP,bQ,bR,bS,bT,bU,bV,bW,bX,bY,bZ,b_,b$,ca,cb,cc,cd,ce,cf,cg,ch,ci,cj,ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp,cq,cr,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,cx,cy,cz,cA,cB,cC,cD,cE,cF,cG,cH,cI,cJ,cK,cL,cM,cN,cO,cP,cQ,cR,cS,cT,cU,cV,cW,cX,cY,cZ,c_,c$,da,db,dc,dd,de,df,dg,dh,di,dj,dk,dl,dm,dn,do0,dp,dq,dr,ds,dt,du,dv,dw,dx,dy,dz,dA,dB,dC,dD,dE,dF,dG,dH,dI,dJ,dK,dL,dM,dN,dO,dP){return {layout:"default",data:[{article:{id:"BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016",metadata:{title:aG,htmlTitle:aG,subtitle:a,authorsGroup:{authors:{contributors:[{givenNames:"JESSICA",surname:"TROUNSTINE",nameStyle:"western",affiliations:[{text:"University of California, Merced"}],isCorresponding:e,notes:"\u003Cdiv class=\"corresp\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E*\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EJessica Trounstine, UC Merced Foundation Board of Trustees Presidential Chair and Professor of Political Science, University of California, Merced, \u003Ca href=\"mailto:jessica@trounstine.com\"\u003Ejessica@trounstine.com\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",isAnonymous:b,fullName:"JESSICA TROUNSTINE",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=JESSICA%20TROUNSTINE&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-4364-2719"}]},translators:{contributors:[],label:"Translated by"}},collections:[],publishedDate:"03 February 2020",keywords:[],openPracticeBadges:[],doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS0003055419000844",value:"10.1017\u002FS0003055419000844"},copyright:{statement:["Copyright © American Political Science Association 2020 "],holder:["American Political Science Association"],year:[2020]},creativeCommons:c,acceptedManuscript:b,type:"research-article",pageRange:{range:"443 - 455",firstPage:"443",lastPage:aH},typeDescription:"Research Article",commentsCount:aI,topicsAndSubtopics:c},journal:{id:L,title:m,titleSlug:aJ,mnemonic:"PSR",titleHistory:[{productId:"DEF6D9E6432F4E804AD2D9416C8C2165",title:"Proceedings of the American Political Science Association"},{productId:L,title:m}],isFirstView:b,journalSlug:aJ,isCompanion:b,parentCompanionJournalName:m,associatedParentCollection:c,paymentInfo:{prices:{"£":{price:21,sku:w,skuNew:t,currency:"£"},"€":{price:24,sku:w,skuNew:t,currency:"€"},US$:{price:26,sku:w,skuNew:t,currency:"US$"},AU$:{price:41,sku:w,skuNew:t,currency:"AU$"}}},url:aK,firstViewUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Famerican-political-science-review\u002Ffirstview",coverUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fcovers\u002FPSR_0_0_0\u002Famerican-political-science-review.jpg",submitMaterialsUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Famerican-political-science-review\u002Finformation\u002Fauthor-instructions\u002Fsubmitting-your-materials",hasHistory:e,latestTitle:m,latestId:L,hasPastTitle:b,issue:{id:"F419DA50E283A7EE7A9F0658542B7853",number:"2",title:"Issue 2",publishedDate:aL,printPublishTimestamp:aM,url:aN},volume:{id:"07FC125E8298796B44F0EF10EBCFB804",number:"114",title:"Volume 114",publishedDate:aL,printPublishTimestamp:aM,url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Famerican-political-science-review\u002Fvolume\u002F07FC125E8298796B44F0EF10EBCFB804"}},abstract:{textAbstracts:[{title:"Abstract",content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPublic goods in the United States are largely funded and delivered at the local level. Local public goods are valuable, but their production requires overcoming several collective action problems including coordinating supply and minimizing congestion, free-riding, and peer effects. Land use regulations, promulgated by local governments, allow communities to solve the collective action problems inherent in the provision of local public goods and maintenance of property values. A consequence of these efforts is residential segregation between cities along racial lines. I provide evidence that more stringent land use regulations are supported by whiter communities and that they preserve racial homogeneity. First, I show that cities that were whiter than their metropolitan area in 1970 are more likely to have restrictive land use patterns in 2006. Then, relying on Federal Fair Housing Act lawsuits to generate changes in land use policy, I show that restrictive land use helps to explain metropolitan area segregation patterns over time. Finally, I draw on precinct level initiative elections from several California cities to show that whiter neighborhoods are more supportive of restricting development. These results strongly suggest that even facially race-neutral land use policies have contributed to racial segregation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",lang:aO}]},content:{html:a,tableOfContent:[],footnotes:[{content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"fn\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EReplication files are available at the American Political Science Review Dataverse: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7910\u002FDVN\u002F5MAQC2\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7910\u002FDVN\u002F5MAQC2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E"}],fulltextNotes:[],references:[{item:[],id:"reference-header-i6917k",title:"REFERENCES",description:a},{id:"ref87",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAnanat\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EElizabeth Oltmans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2011\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Wrong Side (s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Economic Journal: Applied Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E34\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E66\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Wrong Side (s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Wrong+Side+(s)+of+the+Tracks%3A+The+Causal+Effects+of+Racial+Segregation+on+Urban+Poverty+and+Inequality&author=Ananat+Elizabeth+Oltmans&publication+year=2011&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&volume=3&pages=34-66\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Wrong+Side+(s)+of+the+Tracks%3A+The+Causal+Effects+of+Racial+Segregation+on+Urban+Poverty+and+Inequality&author=Ananat+Elizabeth+Oltmans&publication+year=2011&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&volume=3&pages=34-66",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:aP,jtitle:x,title:x,volume:"3",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d667e",spage:M,epage:N,date:y,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r87",title:aP,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref88",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBanzhaf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EH. Spencer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2014\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Market for Local Public Goods\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ECase Western Reserve Law Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E64\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1441\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–80.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Market for Local Public Goods' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Market+for+Local+Public+Goods&author=Banzhaf+H.+Spencer&publication+year=2014&journal=Case+Western+Reserve+Law+Review&volume=64\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Market+for+Local+Public+Goods&author=Banzhaf+H.+Spencer&publication+year=2014&journal=Case+Western+Reserve+Law+Review&volume=64",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:aQ,jtitle:aR,title:aR,volume:O,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d667f",spage:"1441",epage:c,date:P,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r88",title:aQ,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref1",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBanzhaf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EH.Spencer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWalsh\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERandall P.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2013\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ESegregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Urban Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E74\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E83\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–98.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2012.09.006\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Segregation+and+Tiebout+Sorting%3A+The+Link+between+Place-Based+Investments+and+Neighborhood+Tipping&author=Banzhaf+H.Spencer&author=Walsh+Randall+P.&publication+year=2013&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=74&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2012.09.006\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Segregation+and+Tiebout+Sorting%3A+The+Link+between+Place-Based+Investments+and+Neighborhood+Tipping&author=Banzhaf+H.Spencer&author=Walsh+Randall+P.&publication+year=2013&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=74&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2012.09.006",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:aS,jtitle:i,title:i,volume:"74",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6680",spage:"83",epage:c,date:z,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:aT,au:a},innerRefId:"r1",title:aS,doi:aT,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2012.09.006",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref2",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBanzhaf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EH. Spencer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMangum\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKyle\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ECapitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003ENational Bureau of Economics\u003C\u002Fem\u003E. Working Paper No. 25699.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.3386\u002Fw25699\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Capitalization+as+a+Two-Part+Tariff%3A+The+Role+of+Zoning&author=Banzhaf+H.+Spencer&author=Mangum+Kyle&publication+year=2019\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Capitalization+as+a+Two-Part+Tariff%3A+The+Role+of+Zoning&author=Banzhaf+H.+Spencer&author=Mangum+Kyle&publication+year=2019",openUrlParams:{genre:u,date:A,sid:d,title:aU},innerRefId:"r2",title:aU,doi:"10.3386\u002Fw25699",crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.3386\u002Fw25699",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref3",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBanzhaf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESpencer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWalsh\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERandall P.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDo People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe American Economic Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E98\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E843\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–63. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1257\u002Faer.98.3.843\"\u003E10.1257\u002Faer.98.3.843\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1257\u002Faer.98.3.843\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Do+People+Vote+with+Their+Feet%3F+An+Empirical+Test+of+Tiebout%E2%80%99s+Mechanism&author=Banzhaf+Spencer&author=Walsh+Randall+P.&publication+year=2008&journal=The+American+Economic+Review&volume=98&doi=10.1257%2Faer.98.3.843\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Do+People+Vote+with+Their+Feet%3F+An+Empirical+Test+of+Tiebout%E2%80%99s+Mechanism&author=Banzhaf+Spencer&author=Walsh+Randall+P.&publication+year=2008&journal=The+American+Economic+Review&volume=98&doi=10.1257%2Faer.98.3.843",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:aV,jtitle:B,title:B,volume:"98",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6682",spage:"843",epage:c,date:n,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:aW,au:a},innerRefId:"r3",title:aV,doi:aW,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1257\u002Faer.98.3.843",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref4",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBates\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELaurie\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESanterre\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERexford\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1994\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Regional Science\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E34\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E253\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–63.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Determinants+of+Restrictive+Residential+Zoning%3A+Some+Empirical+Findings&author=Bates+Laurie&author=Santerre+Rexford&publication+year=1994&journal=Journal+of+Regional+Science&volume=34&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Determinants+of+Restrictive+Residential+Zoning%3A+Some+Empirical+Findings&author=Bates+Laurie&author=Santerre+Rexford&publication+year=1994&journal=Journal+of+Regional+Science&volume=34&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:aX,jtitle:aY,title:aY,volume:M,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6683",spage:"253",epage:c,date:aZ,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a_,au:a},innerRefId:"r4",title:aX,doi:a_,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref5",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBayer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPatrick\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFerreira\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EFernando\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMcMillan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2007\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EA Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Political Economy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E115\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E588\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–638. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F522381\"\u003E10.1086\u002F522381\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F522381\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Unified+Framework+for+Measuring+Preferences+for+Schools+and+Neighborhoods&author=Bayer+Patrick&author=Ferreira+Fernando&author=McMillan+Robert&publication+year=2007&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=115&doi=10.1086%2F522381\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Unified+Framework+for+Measuring+Preferences+for+Schools+and+Neighborhoods&author=Bayer+Patrick&author=Ferreira+Fernando&author=McMillan+Robert&publication+year=2007&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=115&doi=10.1086%2F522381",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:a$,jtitle:o,title:o,volume:"115",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6684",spage:"588",epage:c,date:"2007",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:ba,au:a},innerRefId:"r5",title:a$,doi:ba,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F522381",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref6",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBayer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPatrick\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMcMillan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERueben\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKim S.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2004\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EWhat Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Urban Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E56\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E514\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–35. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2004.06.002\"\u003E10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2004.06.002\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2004.06.002\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=What+Drives+Racial+Segregation%3F+New+Evidence+Using+Census+Microdata&author=Bayer+Patrick&author=McMillan+Robert&author=Rueben+Kim+S.&publication+year=2004&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=56&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2004.06.002\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=What+Drives+Racial+Segregation%3F+New+Evidence+Using+Census+Microdata&author=Bayer+Patrick&author=McMillan+Robert&author=Rueben+Kim+S.&publication+year=2004&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=56&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2004.06.002",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bb,jtitle:i,title:i,volume:"56",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6685",spage:"514",epage:c,date:C,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bc,au:a},innerRefId:"r6",title:bb,doi:bc,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2004.06.002",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref7",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBeen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EVicki\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ECity NIMBYS\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Land Use\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E33\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E217\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–50.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for City NIMBYS' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=City+NIMBYS&author=Been+Vicki&publication+year=2018&journal=Journal+of+Land+Use&volume=33\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=City+NIMBYS&author=Been+Vicki&publication+year=2018&journal=Journal+of+Land+Use&volume=33",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bd,jtitle:be,title:be,volume:"33",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6686",spage:Q,epage:c,date:p,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r7",title:bd,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref8",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBischoff\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKendra\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EReardon\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESean F.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2013\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003EResidential Segregation by Income, 1970–2009\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” In \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ERussell Sage Foundation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002F10.1017\u002FCBO9781107415324.004\"\u003E10.1017\u002FCBO9781107415324.004\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–44. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcepa.stanford.edu\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Freport10162013.pdf\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fcepa.stanford.edu\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Freport10162013.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Russell Sage Foundation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Russell+Sage+Foundation&author=Bischoff+Kendra&author=Reardon+Sean+F.&publication+year=2013\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Russell+Sage+Foundation&author=Bischoff+Kendra&author=Reardon+Sean+F.&publication+year=2013",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:v,title:v,atitle:"Residential Segregation by Income, 1970–2009",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:c,date:z,spage:R,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r8",title:v,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref9",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBogart\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWilliam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1993\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EWhat Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Studies\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E30\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1669\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–81.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00420989320081651\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=What+Big+Teeth+You+Have!+Identifying+the+Motivations+for+Exclusionary+Zoning&author=Bogart+William&publication+year=1993&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=30&doi=10.1080%2F00420989320081651\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=What+Big+Teeth+You+Have!+Identifying+the+Motivations+for+Exclusionary+Zoning&author=Bogart+William&publication+year=1993&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=30&doi=10.1080%2F00420989320081651",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bf,jtitle:k,title:k,volume:bg,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6688",spage:"1669",epage:c,date:bh,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bi,au:a},innerRefId:"r9",title:bf,doi:bi,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00420989320081651",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref10",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBoustan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELeah P.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EWas Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EQuarterly Journal of Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E125\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E417\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–43. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.1.417\"\u003E10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.1.417\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.1.417\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Was+Postwar+Suburbanization+%E2%80%98White+Flight%E2%80%99%3F+Evidence+from+the+Black+Migration&author=Boustan+Leah+P.&publication+year=2010&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=125&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2010.125.1.417\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Was+Postwar+Suburbanization+%E2%80%98White+Flight%E2%80%99%3F+Evidence+from+the+Black+Migration&author=Boustan+Leah+P.&publication+year=2010&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=125&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2010.125.1.417",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bj,jtitle:l,title:l,volume:S,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6689",spage:"417",epage:c,date:T,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bk,au:a},innerRefId:"r10",title:bj,doi:bk,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.1.417",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref11",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBoustan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELeah Platt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2012\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003ERacial Residential Segregation in American Cities\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” In \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, eds. \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBrooks\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENancy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDonaghy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKieran\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKnaap\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EGerrit\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EOxford University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Urban+Economics+and+Planning&author=Boustan+Leah+Platt&author=Brooks+Nancy&author=Donaghy+Kieran&author=Knaap+Gerrit&publication+year=2012\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Urban+Economics+and+Planning&author=Boustan+Leah+Platt&author=Brooks+Nancy&author=Donaghy+Kieran&author=Knaap+Gerrit&publication+year=2012",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:U,title:U,atitle:"Racial Residential Segregation in American Cities",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:V,date:D,spage:c,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r11",title:U,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref12",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBox-Steffensmeier\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJanet\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBrady\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHenry\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECollier\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, eds. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EOxford\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EOxford University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Political+Methodology&author=Box-Steffensmeier+Janet&author=Brady+Henry&author=Collier+David&publication+year=2010\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Political+Methodology&author=Box-Steffensmeier+Janet&author=Brady+Henry&author=Collier+David&publication+year=2010",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:W,title:W,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:V,date:T,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r12",title:W,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref13",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBradford\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid F.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMalt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ER. A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EOates\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWallace E.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1969\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ENational Tax Journal\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E185\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–202. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F56018665?accountid=14515\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F56018665?accountid=14515\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002FNTJ41792204\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Rising+Cost+of+Local+Public+Services%3A+Some+Evidence+and+Reflections&author=Bradford+David+F.&author=Malt+R.+A.&author=Oates+Wallace+E.&publication+year=1969&journal=National+Tax+Journal&volume=22&doi=10.1086%2FNTJ41792204\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Rising+Cost+of+Local+Public+Services%3A+Some+Evidence+and+Reflections&author=Bradford+David+F.&author=Malt+R.+A.&author=Oates+Wallace+E.&publication+year=1969&journal=National+Tax+Journal&volume=22&doi=10.1086%2FNTJ41792204",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bl,jtitle:bm,title:bm,volume:"22",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d668c",spage:"185",epage:c,date:bn,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bo,au:a},innerRefId:"r13",title:bl,doi:bo,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002FNTJ41792204",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref83",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBriffault\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERichard.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EOur Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EColumbia Law Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E90\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E346\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–54.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F1122776\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Our+Localism%3A+Part+II%E2%80%94Localism+and+Legal+Theory&author=Briffault+Richard.&publication+year=1990&journal=Columbia+Law+Review&volume=90&doi=10.2307%2F1122776\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Our+Localism%3A+Part+II%E2%80%94Localism+and+Legal+Theory&author=Briffault+Richard.&publication+year=1990&journal=Columbia+Law+Review&volume=90&doi=10.2307%2F1122776",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bp,jtitle:bq,title:bq,volume:"90",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d668d",spage:"346",epage:c,date:br,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bs,au:a},innerRefId:"r83",title:bp,doi:bs,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F1122776",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref84",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBurch\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ETraci\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2014\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ELaw and Policy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E36\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E223\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–55.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Flapo.12022\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Old+Jim+Crow%3A+Racial+Residential+Segregation+and+Imprisonment&author=Burch+Traci&publication+year=2014&journal=Law+and+Policy&volume=36&doi=10.1111%2Flapo.12022\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Old+Jim+Crow%3A+Racial+Residential+Segregation+and+Imprisonment&author=Burch+Traci&publication+year=2014&journal=Law+and+Policy&volume=36&doi=10.1111%2Flapo.12022",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bt,jtitle:bu,title:bu,volume:"36",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d668e",spage:"223",epage:c,date:P,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bv,au:a},innerRefId:"r84",title:bt,doi:bv,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Flapo.12022",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref14",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECalabrese\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EStephen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEpple\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDennis\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERomano\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERichard\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2012\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EInefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Review of Economic Studies\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E79\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1081\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–111.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Frestud\u002Frdr048\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Inefficiencies+from+Metropolitan+Political+and+Fiscal+Decentralization%3A+Failures+of+Tiebout+Competition&author=Calabrese+Stephen&author=Epple+Dennis&author=Romano+Richard&publication+year=2012&journal=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&volume=79&doi=10.1093%2Frestud%2Frdr048\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Inefficiencies+from+Metropolitan+Political+and+Fiscal+Decentralization%3A+Failures+of+Tiebout+Competition&author=Calabrese+Stephen&author=Epple+Dennis&author=Romano+Richard&publication+year=2012&journal=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&volume=79&doi=10.1093%2Frestud%2Frdr048",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bw,jtitle:bx,title:bx,volume:X,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d668f",spage:"1081",epage:c,date:D,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:by,au:a},innerRefId:"r14",title:bw,doi:by,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Frestud\u002Frdr048",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref15",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECard\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAlexandre\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERothstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJesse\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ETipping and the Dynamics of Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EQuarterly Journal of Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E123\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E177\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–218.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2008.123.1.177\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Tipping+and+the+Dynamics+of+Segregation&author=Card+David&author=Mas+Alexandre&author=Rothstein+Jesse&publication+year=2008&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=123&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2008.123.1.177\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Tipping+and+the+Dynamics+of+Segregation&author=Card+David&author=Mas+Alexandre&author=Rothstein+Jesse&publication+year=2008&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=123&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2008.123.1.177",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bz,jtitle:l,title:l,volume:"123",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6690",spage:"177",epage:c,date:n,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bA,au:a},innerRefId:"r15",title:bz,doi:bA,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2008.123.1.177",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref16",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChetty\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERaj\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHendren\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENathaniel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018a\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EQuarterly Journal of Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E133\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1107\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–62.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fqje\u002Fqjy007\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Impacts+of+Neighborhoods+on+Intergenerational+Mobility+I%3A+Childhood+Exposure+Effects&author=Chetty+Raj&author=Hendren+Nathaniel&publication+year=2018a&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=133&doi=10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjy007\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Impacts+of+Neighborhoods+on+Intergenerational+Mobility+I%3A+Childhood+Exposure+Effects&author=Chetty+Raj&author=Hendren+Nathaniel&publication+year=2018a&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=133&doi=10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjy007",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:E,jtitle:l,title:l,volume:bB,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6691",spage:"1107",epage:c,date:"2018a",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bC,au:a},innerRefId:"r16",title:E,doi:bC,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fqje\u002Fqjy007",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref17",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChetty\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERaj\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHendren\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENathaniel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018b\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EQuarterly Journal of Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E133\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1163\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–228.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fqje\u002Fqjy006\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Impacts+of+Neighborhoods+on+Intergenerational+Mobility+I%3A+Childhood+Exposure+Effects&author=Chetty+Raj&author=Hendren+Nathaniel&publication+year=2018b&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=133&doi=10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjy006\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Impacts+of+Neighborhoods+on+Intergenerational+Mobility+I%3A+Childhood+Exposure+Effects&author=Chetty+Raj&author=Hendren+Nathaniel&publication+year=2018b&journal=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=133&doi=10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjy006",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:E,jtitle:l,title:l,volume:bB,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6692",spage:"1163",epage:c,date:"2018b",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bD,au:a},innerRefId:"r17",title:E,doi:bD,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fqje\u002Fqjy006",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref18",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECharles\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECamille Z.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2003\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAnnual Review of Sociology\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E29\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E167\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–207. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002\"\u003E10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.annualreviews.org\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.annualreviews.org\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Dynamics+of+Racial+Residential+Segregation&author=Charles+Camille+Z.&publication+year=2003&journal=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&volume=29&doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Dynamics+of+Racial+Residential+Segregation&author=Charles+Camille+Z.&publication+year=2003&journal=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&volume=29&doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bE,jtitle:bF,title:bF,volume:Y,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6693",spage:bG,epage:c,date:"2003",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bH,au:a},innerRefId:"r18",title:bE,doi:bH,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref19",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECharles\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECamille Zubrinsky\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2006\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EWon’T You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ERussell Sage Foundation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Won’T You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Won%E2%80%99T+You+Be+My+Neighbor%3F+Race%2C+Class%2C+and+Residence+in+Los+Angeles&author=Charles+Camille+Zubrinsky&publication+year=2006\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Won%E2%80%99T+You+Be+My+Neighbor%3F+Race%2C+Class%2C+and+Residence+in+Los+Angeles&author=Charles+Camille+Zubrinsky&publication+year=2006",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:Z,title:Z,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:v,date:F,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r19",title:Z,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref85",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EConnerly\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECharles E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2005\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Most Segregated City in America: City Planning and Civil rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECharlottesville\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity Press of Virginia\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Most Segregated City in America: City Planning and Civil rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Most+Segregated+City+in+America%3A+City+Planning+and+Civil+rights+in+Birmingham%2C+1920%E2%80%931980&author=Connerly+Charles+E&publication+year=2005\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Most+Segregated+City+in+America%3A+City+Planning+and+Civil+rights+in+Birmingham%2C+1920%E2%80%931980&author=Connerly+Charles+E&publication+year=2005",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:_,title:_,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"University Press of Virginia",date:bI,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r85",title:_,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref20",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EConnolly\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EN.D.B.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2014\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EA World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EChicago\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Chicago Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.7208\u002Fchicago\u002F9780226135250.001.0001\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+World+More+Concrete%3A+Real+Estate+and+the+Remaking+of+Jim+Crow+South+Florida&author=Connolly+N.D.B.&publication+year=2014\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+World+More+Concrete%3A+Real+Estate+and+the+Remaking+of+Jim+Crow+South+Florida&author=Connolly+N.D.B.&publication+year=2014",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:$,title:$,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:q,date:P,tpages:c,doi:bJ,sid:d},innerRefId:"r20",title:$,doi:bJ,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.7208\u002Fchicago\u002F9780226135250.001.0001",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref86",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECutler\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid M.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGlaeser\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EEdward L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1997\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EAre Ghettos Good or Bad?\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Quarterly Journal of Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E112\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E827\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–72.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Are Ghettos Good or Bad?' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002F003355397555361\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Are Ghettos Good or Bad?' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Are+Ghettos+Good+or+Bad%3F&author=Cutler+David+M.&author=Glaeser+Edward+L.&publication+year=1997&journal=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=112&doi=10.1162%2F003355397555361\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Are+Ghettos+Good+or+Bad%3F&author=Cutler+David+M.&author=Glaeser+Edward+L.&publication+year=1997&journal=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=112&doi=10.1162%2F003355397555361",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bK,jtitle:G,title:G,volume:"112",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6697",spage:"827",epage:c,date:H,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bL,au:a},innerRefId:"r86",title:bK,doi:bL,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002F003355397555361",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref21",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECutler\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid M.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGlaeser\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EEdward L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EVigdor\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJacob L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1999\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Political Economy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E107\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E455\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–506. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002F10.1086\u002F250069\"\u003E10.1086\u002F250069\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F250069\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Rise+and+Decline+of+the+American+Ghetto&author=Cutler+David+M.&author=Glaeser+Edward+L.&author=Vigdor+Jacob+L.&publication+year=1999&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=107&doi=10.1086%2F250069\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Rise+and+Decline+of+the+American+Ghetto&author=Cutler+David+M.&author=Glaeser+Edward+L.&author=Vigdor+Jacob+L.&publication+year=1999&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=107&doi=10.1086%2F250069",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bM,jtitle:o,title:o,volume:"107",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6698",spage:aH,epage:c,date:bN,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bO,au:a},innerRefId:"r21",title:bM,doi:bO,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F250069",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref22",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDarity\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWilliam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2005\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EStratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Economics and Finance\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E29\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E144\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–53.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002FBF02761550\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Stratification+Economics%3A+The+Role+of+Intergroup+Inequality&author=Darity+William&publication+year=2005&journal=Journal+of+Economics+and+Finance&volume=29&doi=10.1007%2FBF02761550\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Stratification+Economics%3A+The+Role+of+Intergroup+Inequality&author=Darity+William&publication+year=2005&journal=Journal+of+Economics+and+Finance&volume=29&doi=10.1007%2FBF02761550",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bP,jtitle:bQ,title:bQ,volume:Y,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d6699",spage:"144",epage:c,date:bI,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bR,au:a},innerRefId:"r22",title:bP,doi:bR,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002FBF02761550",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref23",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDarity\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWilliam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHamilton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDarrick\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EStewart\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJames\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2015\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EA Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Review of Black Political Economy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E42\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–6.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12114-014-9201-2\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Tour+De+Force+in+Understanding+Intergroup+Inequality%3A+An+Introduction+to+Stratification+Economics&author=Darity+William&author=Hamilton+Darrick&author=Stewart+James&publication+year=2015&journal=The+Review+of+Black+Political+Economy&volume=42&doi=10.1007%2Fs12114-014-9201-2\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Tour+De+Force+in+Understanding+Intergroup+Inequality%3A+An+Introduction+to+Stratification+Economics&author=Darity+William&author=Hamilton+Darrick&author=Stewart+James&publication+year=2015&journal=The+Review+of+Black+Political+Economy&volume=42&doi=10.1007%2Fs12114-014-9201-2",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bS,jtitle:bT,title:bT,volume:bU,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d669a",spage:R,epage:c,date:I,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bV,au:a},innerRefId:"r23",title:bS,doi:bV,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12114-014-9201-2",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref24",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDenton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENancy A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMassey\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDouglas S.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1991\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EPatterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EDemography\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E28\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E41\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–63. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2061335\"\u003E10.2307\u002F2061335\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2061335\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2061335\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2061335\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Patterns+of+Neighborhood+Transition+in+a+Multiethnic+World%3A+U.S.+Metropolitan+Areas%2C+1970%E2%80%931980&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&publication+year=1991&journal=Demography&volume=28&doi=10.2307%2F2061335\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Patterns+of+Neighborhood+Transition+in+a+Multiethnic+World%3A+U.S.+Metropolitan+Areas%2C+1970%E2%80%931980&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&publication+year=1991&journal=Demography&volume=28&doi=10.2307%2F2061335",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:bW,jtitle:J,title:J,volume:"28",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d669b",spage:aa,epage:c,date:bX,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bY,au:a},innerRefId:"r24",title:bW,doi:bY,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2061335",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref25",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDu Bois\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EW. E. B.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1935\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EBlack Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EHarcourt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EBrace and Company\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F58303420?accountid=14515\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F58303420?accountid=14515\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Black+Reconstruction%3A+An+Essay+Toward+a+History+of+the+Part+Which+Black+Folk+Played+in+the+Attempt+to+Reconstruct+Democracy+in+America%2C+1860%E2%80%931880&author=Du+Bois+W.+E.+B.&publication+year=1935\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Black+Reconstruction%3A+An+Essay+Toward+a+History+of+the+Part+Which+Black+Folk+Played+in+the+Attempt+to+Reconstruct+Democracy+in+America%2C+1860%E2%80%931880&author=Du+Bois+W.+E.+B.&publication+year=1935",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ab,title:ab,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Brace and Company",date:"1935",tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r25",title:ab,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref89",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEinstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKatherine\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2012\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003EDivided Regions: Race, Political Segregation, and the Fragmentation of American Metropolitan Policy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” Doctoral dissertation. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EHarvard University\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=Einstein,+Katherine.+2012.+“Divided+Regions:+Race,+Political+Segregation,+and+the+Fragmentation+of+American+Metropolitan+Policy.”+Doctoral+dissertation.+Harvard+University.\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=Einstein,+Katherine.+2012.+“Divided+Regions:+Race,+Political+Segregation,+and+the+Fragmentation+of+American+Metropolitan+Policy.”+Doctoral+dissertation.+Harvard+University.",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:c,title:c,atitle:"Divided Regions: Race, Political Segregation, and the Fragmentation of American Metropolitan Policy",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Harvard University",date:D,spage:c,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r89",title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref90",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEinstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKatherine Levine\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGlick\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid M.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPalmer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMaxwell\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ENieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ECambridge University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108769495\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Nieghborhood+Defenders%3A+Participatory+Politics+and+America%E2%80%99s+Housing+Crisis&author=Einstein+Katherine+Levine&author=Glick+David+M.&author=Palmer+Maxwell&publication+year=2019\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Nieghborhood+Defenders%3A+Participatory+Politics+and+America%E2%80%99s+Housing+Crisis&author=Einstein+Katherine+Levine&author=Glick+David+M.&author=Palmer+Maxwell&publication+year=2019",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ac,title:ac,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:r,date:A,tpages:c,doi:bZ,sid:d},innerRefId:"r90",title:ac,doi:bZ,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108769495",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref26",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEllen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EIngrid Gould\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2000\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECambridge\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EHarvard University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.4159\u002F9780674036406\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Sharing+America%E2%80%99s+Neighborhoods%3A+The+Prospects+for+Stable+Racial+Integration&author=Ellen+Ingrid+Gould&publication+year=2000\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Sharing+America%E2%80%99s+Neighborhoods%3A+The+Prospects+for+Stable+Racial+Integration&author=Ellen+Ingrid+Gould&publication+year=2000",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ad,title:ad,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:ae,date:af,tpages:c,doi:b_,sid:d},innerRefId:"r26",title:ad,doi:b_,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.4159\u002F9780674036406",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref91",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEllickson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert C.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1977\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ESuburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 470.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F795798\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Suburban+Growth+Controls%3A+An+Economic+and+Legal+Analysis&author=Ellickson+Robert+C.&publication+year=1977\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Suburban+Growth+Controls%3A+An+Economic+and+Legal+Analysis&author=Ellickson+Robert+C.&publication+year=1977",openUrlParams:{genre:u,date:"1977",sid:d,title:b$},innerRefId:"r91",title:b$,doi:"10.2307\u002F795798",crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F795798",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref27",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EElmendorf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EChristopher\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EBeyond the Double Veto: Land Use Plans as Preemptive Intergovernmental Compacts\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EHastings Law Journal\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E71\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E79\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E150\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Beyond the Double Veto: Land Use Plans as Preemptive Intergovernmental Compacts' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Beyond+the+Double+Veto%3A+Land+Use+Plans+as+Preemptive+Intergovernmental+Compacts&author=Elmendorf+Christopher&publication+year=2019&journal=Hastings+Law+Journal&volume=71&pages=79-150\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Beyond+the+Double+Veto%3A+Land+Use+Plans+as+Preemptive+Intergovernmental+Compacts&author=Elmendorf+Christopher&publication+year=2019&journal=Hastings+Law+Journal&volume=71&pages=79-150",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:ca,jtitle:cb,title:cb,volume:cc,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a1",spage:X,epage:"150",date:A,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r27",title:ca,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref28",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEmerson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMichael O.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChai\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKaren J.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYancey\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EGeorge\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2001\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDoes Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Sociological Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E66\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E6\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E922\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–35. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F3088879\"\u003E10.2307\u002F3088879\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F000312240106600607\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Does+Race+Matter+in+Residential+Segregation%3F+Exploring+the+Preferences+of+White+Americans&author=Emerson+Michael+O.&author=Chai+Karen+J.&author=Yancey+George&publication+year=2001&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=66&doi=10.1177%2F000312240106600607\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Does+Race+Matter+in+Residential+Segregation%3F+Exploring+the+Preferences+of+White+Americans&author=Emerson+Michael+O.&author=Chai+Karen+J.&author=Yancey+George&publication+year=2001&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=66&doi=10.1177%2F000312240106600607",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cd,jtitle:s,title:s,volume:N,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a2",spage:"922",epage:c,date:ce,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cf,au:a},innerRefId:"r28",title:cd,doi:cf,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F000312240106600607",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref29",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEnos\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERyan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2017\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Space Between Us\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ECambridge University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Space Between Us' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108354943\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Space Between Us' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Space+Between+Us&author=Enos+Ryan&publication+year=2017\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Space+Between+Us&author=Enos+Ryan&publication+year=2017",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ag,title:ag,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:r,date:K,tpages:c,doi:cg,sid:d},innerRefId:"r29",title:ag,doi:cg,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108354943",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref30",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EErbe\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EBrigitte Mach\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1975\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ERace and Socioeconomic Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Sociological Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E40\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E6\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E801\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–12.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Race and Socioeconomic Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2094181\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Race and Socioeconomic Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Race+and+Socioeconomic+Segregation&author=Erbe+Brigitte+Mach&publication+year=1975&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=40&doi=10.2307%2F2094181\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Race+and+Socioeconomic+Segregation&author=Erbe+Brigitte+Mach&publication+year=1975&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=40&doi=10.2307%2F2094181",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:ch,jtitle:s,title:s,volume:ci,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a4",spage:"801",epage:c,date:cj,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:ck,au:a},innerRefId:"r30",title:ch,doi:ck,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2094181",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref31",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFischel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWilliam A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2004\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EAn Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Studies\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E41\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E317\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–40.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F0042098032000165271\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=An+Economic+History+of+Zoning+and+a+Cure+for+its+Exclusionary+Effects&author=Fischel+William+A.&publication+year=2004&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=41&doi=10.1080%2F0042098032000165271\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=An+Economic+History+of+Zoning+and+a+Cure+for+its+Exclusionary+Effects&author=Fischel+William+A.&publication+year=2004&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=41&doi=10.1080%2F0042098032000165271",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cl,jtitle:k,title:k,volume:aa,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a5",spage:"317",epage:c,date:C,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cm,au:a},innerRefId:"r31",title:cl,doi:cm,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F0042098032000165271",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref32",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFischel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWilliam A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1992\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EProperty Taxation and the Tiebout Model: Evidence for the Benefit View from Zoning and Voting\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Economic Literature\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E30\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E171\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–7.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Property Taxation and the Tiebout Model: Evidence for the Benefit View from Zoning and Voting' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Property+Taxation+and+the+Tiebout+Model%3A+Evidence+for+the+Benefit+View+from+Zoning+and+Voting&author=Fischel+William+A.&publication+year=1992&journal=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&volume=30\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Property+Taxation+and+the+Tiebout+Model%3A+Evidence+for+the+Benefit+View+from+Zoning+and+Voting&author=Fischel+William+A.&publication+year=1992&journal=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&volume=30",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cn,jtitle:co,title:co,volume:bg,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a6",spage:"171",epage:c,date:cp,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r32",title:cn,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref33",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFischer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EClaude S.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EStockmayer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EGretchen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EStiles\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJon\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHout\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMichael\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2004\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDistinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EDemography\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E41\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E37\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–59. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1353\u002Fdem.2004.0002\"\u003E10.1353\u002Fdem.2004.0002\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1353\u002Fdem.2004.0002\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Distinguishing+the+Geographic+Levels+and+Social+Dimensions+of+U.S.+Metropolitan+Segregation%2C+1960%E2%80%932000&author=Fischer+Claude+S.&author=Stockmayer+Gretchen&author=Stiles+Jon&author=Hout+Michael&publication+year=2004&journal=Demography&volume=41&doi=10.1353%2Fdem.2004.0002\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='PubMed link for Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000' href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F15074124\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Distinguishing+the+Geographic+Levels+and+Social+Dimensions+of+U.S.+Metropolitan+Segregation%2C+1960%E2%80%932000&author=Fischer+Claude+S.&author=Stockmayer+Gretchen&author=Stiles+Jon&author=Hout+Michael&publication+year=2004&journal=Demography&volume=41&doi=10.1353%2Fdem.2004.0002",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cq,jtitle:J,title:J,volume:aa,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a7",spage:"37",epage:c,date:C,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cr,au:a},innerRefId:"r33",title:cq,pubMedId:"15074124",doi:cr,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1353\u002Fdem.2004.0002",pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F15074124"}]},{id:"ref34",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFischer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMary J.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EShifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Affairs Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E43\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E475\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–96.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F1078087407305499\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Shifting+Geographies%3A+Examining+the+Role+of+Suburbanization+in+Blacks%E2%80%99+Declining+Segregation&author=Fischer+Mary+J.&publication+year=2008&journal=Urban+Affairs+Review&volume=43&doi=10.1177%2F1078087407305499\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Shifting+Geographies%3A+Examining+the+Role+of+Suburbanization+in+Blacks%E2%80%99+Declining+Segregation&author=Fischer+Mary+J.&publication+year=2008&journal=Urban+Affairs+Review&volume=43&doi=10.1177%2F1078087407305499",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cs,jtitle:ct,title:ct,volume:cu,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66a8",spage:"475",epage:c,date:n,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cv,au:a},innerRefId:"r34",title:cs,doi:cv,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F1078087407305499",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref35",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFrasure-Yokley\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELorrie\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2015\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ERacial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ECambridge University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FCBO9781316027189\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Racial+and+Ethnic+Politics+in+American+Suburbs&author=Frasure-Yokley+Lorrie&publication+year=2015\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Racial+and+Ethnic+Politics+in+American+Suburbs&author=Frasure-Yokley+Lorrie&publication+year=2015",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ah,title:ah,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:r,date:I,tpages:c,doi:cw,sid:d},innerRefId:"r35",title:ah,doi:cw,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FCBO9781316027189",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref36",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGelman\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAndrew\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPark\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid K.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EStephen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAnsolabehere\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPrice\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPhillip N.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMinnite\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELorraine C.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2001\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EModels, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E164\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E101\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–18. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2680538\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2680538\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002F1467-985X.00190\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Models%2C+Assumptions+and+Model+Checking+in+Ecological+Regressions&author=Gelman+Andrew&author=Park+David+K.&author=Stephen+Ansolabehere&author=Price+Phillip+N.&author=Minnite+Lorraine+C.&publication+year=2001&journal=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society%3A+Series+A&volume=164&doi=10.1111%2F1467-985X.00190\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Models%2C+Assumptions+and+Model+Checking+in+Ecological+Regressions&author=Gelman+Andrew&author=Park+David+K.&author=Stephen+Ansolabehere&author=Price+Phillip+N.&author=Minnite+Lorraine+C.&publication+year=2001&journal=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society%3A+Series+A&volume=164&doi=10.1111%2F1467-985X.00190",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cx,jtitle:cy,title:cy,volume:"164",artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66aa",spage:cz,epage:c,date:ce,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cA,au:a},innerRefId:"r36",title:cx,doi:cA,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002F1467-985X.00190",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref37",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGlickfield\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMadelyn\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELevine\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENed\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1992\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ERegional Growth and Local Reaction: The Enactment and Effects of Local Growth Control and Management Measures in California\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECambridge, MA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ELincoln Institute of Land Policy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Regional Growth and Local Reaction: The Enactment and Effects of Local Growth Control and Management Measures in California' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Regional+Growth+and+Local+Reaction%3A+The+Enactment+and+Effects+of+Local+Growth+Control+and+Management+Measures+in+California&author=Glickfield+Madelyn&author=Levine+Ned&publication+year=1992\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Regional+Growth+and+Local+Reaction%3A+The+Enactment+and+Effects+of+Local+Growth+Control+and+Management+Measures+in+California&author=Glickfield+Madelyn&author=Levine+Ned&publication+year=1992",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ai,title:ai,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:cB,date:cp,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r37",title:ai,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref38",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGotham\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKevin F.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2000\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ERacialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESociological Perspectives\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E43\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E291\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–317.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F1389798\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Racialization+and+the+State%3A+The+Housing+Act+of+1934+and+the+Creation+of+the+Federal+Housing+Administration&author=Gotham+Kevin+F.&publication+year=2000&journal=Sociological+Perspectives&volume=43&doi=10.2307%2F1389798\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Racialization+and+the+State%3A+The+Housing+Act+of+1934+and+the+Creation+of+the+Federal+Housing+Administration&author=Gotham+Kevin+F.&publication+year=2000&journal=Sociological+Perspectives&volume=43&doi=10.2307%2F1389798",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cC,jtitle:cD,title:cD,volume:cu,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66ac",spage:"291",epage:c,date:af,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cE,au:a},innerRefId:"r38",title:cC,doi:cE,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F1389798",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref39",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGyourko\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJoseph\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESaiz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAlbert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESummers\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAnita\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EA New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Studies\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E45\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E693\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–729.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0042098007087341\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+New+Measure+of+the+Local+Regulatory+Environment+for+Housing+Markets%3A+The+Wharton+Residential+Land+Use+Regulatory+Index&author=Gyourko+Joseph&author=Saiz+Albert&author=Summers+Anita&publication+year=2008&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=45&doi=10.1177%2F0042098007087341\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+New+Measure+of+the+Local+Regulatory+Environment+for+Housing+Markets%3A+The+Wharton+Residential+Land+Use+Regulatory+Index&author=Gyourko+Joseph&author=Saiz+Albert&author=Summers+Anita&publication+year=2008&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=45&doi=10.1177%2F0042098007087341",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cF,jtitle:k,title:k,volume:cG,artnum:"65d824e4495e2100011d66ad",spage:"693",epage:c,date:n,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cH,au:a},innerRefId:"r39",title:cF,doi:cH,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0042098007087341",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref40",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGyourko\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJoseph\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMolloy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERaven\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2015\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003ERegulation and Housing Supply\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” In \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EHandbook of Regional and Urban Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. Vol. 5B, eds. Gilles Duranton, Vernon Henderson, and William Strange. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EThe Netherlands\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EElsevier North Holland\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Handbook+of+Regional+and+Urban+Economics&author=Gyourko+Joseph&author=Molloy+Raven&publication+year=2015\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Handbook+of+Regional+and+Urban+Economics&author=Gyourko+Joseph&author=Molloy+Raven&publication+year=2015",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:aj,title:aj,atitle:"Regulation and Housing Supply",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Elsevier North Holland",date:I,spage:c,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r40",title:aj,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref41",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAndrew\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYoder\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJesse\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDoes Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” Working Paper: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.andrewbenjaminhall.com\u002Fhomeowner.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.andrewbenjaminhall.com\u002Fhomeowner.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Does Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Does+Homeownership+Influence+Political+Behavior%3F+Evidence+from+Administrative+Data&author=Hall+Andrew&author=Yoder+Jesse&publication+year=2019\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Does+Homeownership+Influence+Political+Behavior%3F+Evidence+from+Administrative+Data&author=Hall+Andrew&author=Yoder+Jesse&publication+year=2019",openUrlParams:{genre:u,date:A,sid:d,title:cI},innerRefId:"r41",title:cI,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref42",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHamilton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EBruce W.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1975\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EZoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Studies\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E12\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E205\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–11. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F60822794?accountid=14515\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F60822794?accountid=14515\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00420987520080301\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zoning+and+Property+Taxation+in+a+System+of+Local+Governments&author=Hamilton+Bruce+W.&publication+year=1975&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=12&doi=10.1080%2F00420987520080301\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zoning+and+Property+Taxation+in+a+System+of+Local+Governments&author=Hamilton+Bruce+W.&publication+year=1975&journal=Urban+Studies&volume=12&doi=10.1080%2F00420987520080301",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cJ,jtitle:k,title:k,volume:"12",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66b0",spage:"205",epage:c,date:cj,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cK,au:a},innerRefId:"r42",title:cJ,doi:cK,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00420987520080301",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref43",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHankinson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMichael\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EWhen Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Political Science Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E101\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E393\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–408.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for When Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=When+Do+Renters+Behave+Like+Homeowners%3F+High+Rent%2C+Price+Anxiety%2C+and+NIMBYism&author=Hankinson+Michael&publication+year=2018&journal=American+Political+Science+Review&volume=101\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=When+Do+Renters+Behave+Like+Homeowners%3F+High+Rent%2C+Price+Anxiety%2C+and+NIMBYism&author=Hankinson+Michael&publication+year=2018&journal=American+Political+Science+Review&volume=101",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cL,jtitle:m,title:m,volume:cz,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66b1",spage:"393",epage:c,date:p,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r43",title:cL,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref44",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHarris\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDavid R.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1999\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003E‘Property Values Drop when Blacks Move in, because…’ Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESource American Sociological Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E64\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E461\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–79. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2657496\"\u003E10.2307\u002F2657496\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ‘Property Values Drop when Blacks Move in, because…’ Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=%E2%80%98Property+Values+Drop+when+Blacks+Move+in%2C+because%E2%80%A6%E2%80%99+Racial+and+Socioeconomic+Determinants+of+Neighborhood+Desirability&author=Harris+David+R.&publication+year=1999&journal=Source+American+Sociological+Review&volume=64\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=%E2%80%98Property+Values+Drop+when+Blacks+Move+in%2C+because%E2%80%A6%E2%80%99+Racial+and+Socioeconomic+Determinants+of+Neighborhood+Desirability&author=Harris+David+R.&publication+year=1999&journal=Source+American+Sociological+Review&volume=64",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cM,jtitle:cN,title:cN,volume:O,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66b2",spage:"461",epage:c,date:bN,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r44",title:cM,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref45",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHilber\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EChristian\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2011\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Economic Implications of House Price Capitalization: A Survey of an Emerging Literature\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECambridge, MA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ELincoln Institute of Land Policy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Economic Implications of House Price Capitalization: A Survey of an Emerging Literature' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Economic+Implications+of+House+Price+Capitalization%3A+A+Survey+of+an+Emerging+Literature&author=Hilber+Christian&publication+year=2011\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Economic+Implications+of+House+Price+Capitalization%3A+A+Survey+of+an+Emerging+Literature&author=Hilber+Christian&publication+year=2011",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ak,title:ak,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:cB,date:y,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r45",title:ak,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref46",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHilber\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EChristian\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERobert-Nicoud\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EFrederic\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2013\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EOn the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Urban Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E75\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E29\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–73.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2012.10.002\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=On+the+Origins+of+Land+Use+Regulations%3A+Theory+and+Evidence+from+US+Metro+Areas&author=Hilber+Christian&author=Robert-Nicoud+Frederic&publication+year=2013&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=75&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2012.10.002\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=On+the+Origins+of+Land+Use+Regulations%3A+Theory+and+Evidence+from+US+Metro+Areas&author=Hilber+Christian&author=Robert-Nicoud+Frederic&publication+year=2013&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=75&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2012.10.002",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cO,jtitle:i,title:i,volume:"75",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66b4",spage:Y,epage:c,date:z,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cP,au:a},innerRefId:"r46",title:cO,doi:cP,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2012.10.002",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref47",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHirsch\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EArnold\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1983\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EMaking the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940–1960\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EChicago\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Chicago Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940–1960' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Making+the+Second+Ghetto%3A+Race+and+Housing+in+Chicago+1940%E2%80%931960&author=Hirsch+Arnold&publication+year=1983\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Making+the+Second+Ghetto%3A+Race+and+Housing+in+Chicago+1940%E2%80%931960&author=Hirsch+Arnold&publication+year=1983",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:al,title:al,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:q,date:"1983",tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r47",title:al,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref48",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EIceland\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJohn\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWilkes\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERima\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2006\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDoes Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESocial Problems\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E53\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E248\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–73. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1525\u002Fsp.2006.53.2.248\"\u003E10.1525\u002Fsp.2006.53.2.248\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1525\u002Fsp.2006.53.2.248\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Does+Socioeconomic+Status+Matter%3F+Race%2C+Class%2C+and+Residential+Segregation&author=Iceland+John&author=Wilkes+Rima&publication+year=2006&journal=Social+Problems&volume=53&doi=10.1525%2Fsp.2006.53.2.248\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Does+Socioeconomic+Status+Matter%3F+Race%2C+Class%2C+and+Residential+Segregation&author=Iceland+John&author=Wilkes+Rima&publication+year=2006&journal=Social+Problems&volume=53&doi=10.1525%2Fsp.2006.53.2.248",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cQ,jtitle:cR,title:cR,volume:"53",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66b6",spage:"248",epage:c,date:F,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cS,au:a},innerRefId:"r48",title:cQ,doi:cS,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1525\u002Fsp.2006.53.2.248",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref49",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EJackson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKenneth T.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1987\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ECrabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EOxford University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Crabgrass+Frontier%3A+The+Suburbanization+of+the+United+States&author=Jackson+Kenneth+T.&publication+year=1987\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Crabgrass+Frontier%3A+The+Suburbanization+of+the+United+States&author=Jackson+Kenneth+T.&publication+year=1987",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:am,title:am,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:V,date:cT,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r49",title:am,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref50",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EJargowsky\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPaul A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1996\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ETake the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Sociological Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E61\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E6\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E984\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–98. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2096304\"\u003E10.2307\u002F2096304\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2096304\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Take+the+Money+and+Run%3A+Economic+Segregation+in+U.S.+Metropolitan+Areas&author=Jargowsky+Paul+A.&publication+year=1996&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=61&doi=10.2307%2F2096304\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Take+the+Money+and+Run%3A+Economic+Segregation+in+U.S.+Metropolitan+Areas&author=Jargowsky+Paul+A.&publication+year=1996&journal=American+Sociological+Review&volume=61&doi=10.2307%2F2096304",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cU,jtitle:s,title:s,volume:"61",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66b8",spage:"984",epage:c,date:"1996",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:cV,au:a},innerRefId:"r50",title:cU,doi:cV,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2096304",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref51",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKing\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EGary\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1997\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EA Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EPrinceton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EPrinceton University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F56703405?accountid=14515\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F56703405?accountid=14515\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Solution+to+the+Ecological+Inference+Problem%3A+Reconstructing+Individual+Behavior+from+Aggregate+Data&author=King+Gary&publication+year=1997\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Solution+to+the+Ecological+Inference+Problem%3A+Reconstructing+Individual+Behavior+from+Aggregate+Data&author=King+Gary&publication+year=1997",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:an,title:an,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Princeton University Press",date:H,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r51",title:an,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref52",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKing\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EGary\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERosen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EOri\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETanner\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMartin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, eds. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2004\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EEcological Inference: New Methodological Strategies\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECambridge, UK; New York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ECambridge University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FCBO9780511510595\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Ecological+Inference%3A+New+Methodological+Strategies&author=King+Gary&author=Rosen+Ori&author=Tanner+Martin&publication+year=2004\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Ecological+Inference%3A+New+Methodological+Strategies&author=King+Gary&author=Rosen+Ori&author=Tanner+Martin&publication+year=2004",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ao,title:ao,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:r,date:C,tpages:c,doi:cW,sid:d},innerRefId:"r52",title:ao,doi:cW,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FCBO9780511510595",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref92",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKnauss\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENorman\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1929\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003E786 Municipalities in United States Now Protected by Zoning Ordinances\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe American City\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E40\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (June): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E167\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–71.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for 786 Municipalities in United States Now Protected by Zoning Ordinances' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=786+Municipalities+in+United+States+Now+Protected+by+Zoning+Ordinances&author=Knauss+Norman&publication+year=1929&journal=The+American+City&volume=40\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=786+Municipalities+in+United+States+Now+Protected+by+Zoning+Ordinances&author=Knauss+Norman&publication+year=1929&journal=The+American+City&volume=40",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cX,jtitle:cY,title:cY,volume:ci,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66bb",spage:bG,epage:c,date:"1929",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r92",title:cX,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref53",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKruse\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKevin Michael\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESugrue\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EThomas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2006\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe New Suburban History\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EChicago\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Chicago Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The New Suburban History' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+New+Suburban+History&author=Kruse+Kevin+Michael&author=Sugrue+Thomas&publication+year=2006\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+New+Suburban+History&author=Kruse+Kevin+Michael&author=Sugrue+Thomas&publication+year=2006",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ap,title:ap,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:q,date:F,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r53",title:ap,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref54",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKrysan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMaria\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFarley\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EReynolds\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECouper\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMick P.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EIn the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EDu Bois Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–26.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS1742058X08080028\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=In+the+Eye+of+the+Beholder%3A+Racial+Beliefs+and+Residential+Segregation&author=Krysan+Maria&author=Farley+Reynolds&author=Couper+Mick+P.&publication+year=2008&journal=Du+Bois+Review&volume=5&doi=10.1017%2FS1742058X08080028\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=In+the+Eye+of+the+Beholder%3A+Racial+Beliefs+and+Residential+Segregation&author=Krysan+Maria&author=Farley+Reynolds&author=Couper+Mick+P.&publication+year=2008&journal=Du+Bois+Review&volume=5&doi=10.1017%2FS1742058X08080028",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:cZ,jtitle:c_,title:c_,volume:c$,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66bd",spage:c$,epage:c,date:n,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:da,au:a},innerRefId:"r54",title:cZ,doi:da,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS1742058X08080028",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref55",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELinneman\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPeter\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESummers\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAnita\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBrooks\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENancy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBuist\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHenry\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003EThe State of Local Growth Management\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003EThe Wharton School\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Pennsylvania\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=Linneman,+Peter,+Summers,+Anita,+Brooks,+Nancy,+and+Buist,+Henry.+1990.+“The+State+of+Local+Growth+Management.”+The+Wharton+School,+University+of+Pennsylvania.\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=Linneman,+Peter,+Summers,+Anita,+Brooks,+Nancy,+and+Buist,+Henry.+1990.+“The+State+of+Local+Growth+Management.”+The+Wharton+School,+University+of+Pennsylvania.",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:c,title:c,atitle:"The State of Local Growth Management",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"University of Pennsylvania",date:br,spage:c,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r55",title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref56",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELogan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJohn\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2011\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESeparate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in Metropolitan America\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. US2010 Project.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in Metropolitan America' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Separate+and+Unequal%3A+The+Neighborhood+Gap+for+Blacks%2C+Hispanics+and+Asians+in+Metropolitan+America&author=Logan+John&publication+year=2011\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Separate+and+Unequal%3A+The+Neighborhood+Gap+for+Blacks%2C+Hispanics+and+Asians+in+Metropolitan+America&author=Logan+John&publication+year=2011",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aq,title:aq,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:c,date:y,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r56",title:aq,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref57",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELogan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJohn R.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMolotch\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHarvey L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1987\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EBerkeley\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of California Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Urban+Fortunes%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Place&author=Logan+John+R.&author=Molotch+Harvey+L.&publication+year=1987\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Urban+Fortunes%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Place&author=Logan+John+R.&author=Molotch+Harvey+L.&publication+year=1987",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ar,title:ar,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"University of California Press",date:cT,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r57",title:ar,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref58",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELutz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EByron\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2015\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EQuasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Economic Journal: Economic Policy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E300\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–30.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Quasi-Experimental+Evidence+on+the+Connection+between+Property+Taxes+and+Residential+Capital+Investment&author=Lutz+Byron&publication+year=2015&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Economic+Policy&volume=7\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Quasi-Experimental+Evidence+on+the+Connection+between+Property+Taxes+and+Residential+Capital+Investment&author=Lutz+Byron&publication+year=2015&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Economic+Policy&volume=7",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:db,jtitle:dc,title:dc,volume:"7",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66c1",spage:"300",epage:c,date:I,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r58",title:db,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref59",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMarble\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWilliam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ENall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EClayton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EWhere Interests Trump Ideology: The Persistent Influence of Homeownership in Local Development Politics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” Working Paper.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Where Interests Trump Ideology: The Persistent Influence of Homeownership in Local Development Politics' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Where+Interests+Trump+Ideology%3A+The+Persistent+Influence+of+Homeownership+in+Local+Development+Politics&author=Marble+William&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2018\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Where+Interests+Trump+Ideology%3A+The+Persistent+Influence+of+Homeownership+in+Local+Development+Politics&author=Marble+William&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2018",openUrlParams:{genre:u,date:p,sid:d,title:dd},innerRefId:"r59",title:dd,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref60",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMassey\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDouglas S.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDenton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENancy A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1993\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECambridge\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EHarvard University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=American+Apartheid%3A+Segregation+and+the+Making+of+the+Underclass&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&publication+year=1993\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=American+Apartheid%3A+Segregation+and+the+Making+of+the+Underclass&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&publication+year=1993",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:as,title:as,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:ae,date:bh,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r60",title:as,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref61",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMassey\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDouglas S.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDenton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ENancy A.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1988\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Dimensions of Residential Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESocial Forces\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E67\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E281\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–315. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2579183\"\u003E10.2307\u002F2579183\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2579183\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2579183\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Dimensions of Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2579183\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Dimensions of Residential Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Dimensions+of+Residential+Segregation&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&publication+year=1988&journal=Social+Forces&volume=67&doi=10.2307%2F2579183\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Dimensions+of+Residential+Segregation&author=Massey+Douglas+S.&author=Denton+Nancy+A.&publication+year=1988&journal=Social+Forces&volume=67&doi=10.2307%2F2579183",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:de,jtitle:df,title:df,volume:"67",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66c4",spage:"281",epage:c,date:"1988",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dg,au:a},innerRefId:"r61",title:de,doi:dg,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2579183",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref62",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMcMichael\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EStanley\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBingham\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1923\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ECity Growth and Values\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECleveland, OH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EThe Stanley McMichael Publishing Organization\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for City Growth and Values' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=City+Growth+and+Values&author=McMichael+Stanley&author=Bingham+Robert&publication+year=1923\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=City+Growth+and+Values&author=McMichael+Stanley&author=Bingham+Robert&publication+year=1923",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:at,title:at,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"The Stanley McMichael Publishing Organization",date:"1923",tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r62",title:at,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref63",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMummolo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJonathan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ENall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EClayton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2017\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EWhy Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Journal of Politics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E79\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E45\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F1857348615?accountid=14515\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fsearch.proquest.com\u002Fdocview\u002F1857348615?accountid=14515\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F687569\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Why+Partisans+Do+Not+Sort%3A+The+Constraints+on+Political+Segregation&author=Mummolo+Jonathan&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2017&journal=The+Journal+of+Politics&volume=79&doi=10.1086%2F687569\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Why+Partisans+Do+Not+Sort%3A+The+Constraints+on+Political+Segregation&author=Mummolo+Jonathan&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2017&journal=The+Journal+of+Politics&volume=79&doi=10.1086%2F687569",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dh,jtitle:di,title:di,volume:X,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66c6",spage:cG,epage:c,date:K,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dj,au:a},innerRefId:"r63",title:dh,doi:dj,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F687569",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref64",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ENall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EClayton\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ECambridge University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108277952\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Road+to+Inequality%3A+How+the+Federal+Highway+Program+Created+Suburbs%2C+Undermined+Cities%2C+and+Polarized+America&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2018\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Road+to+Inequality%3A+How+the+Federal+Highway+Program+Created+Suburbs%2C+Undermined+Cities%2C+and+Polarized+America&author=Nall+Clayton&publication+year=2018",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:au,title:au,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:r,date:p,tpages:c,doi:dk,sid:d},innerRefId:"r64",title:au,doi:dk,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108277952",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref65",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EOates\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWallace E.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1981\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EOn Local Finance and the Tiebout Model\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe American Economic Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E71\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E93\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–8. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F10.2307\u002F1815699\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F10.2307\u002F1815699\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=On+Local+Finance+and+the+Tiebout+Model&author=Oates+Wallace+E.&publication+year=1981&journal=The+American+Economic+Review&volume=71\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=On+Local+Finance+and+the+Tiebout+Model&author=Oates+Wallace+E.&publication+year=1981&journal=The+American+Economic+Review&volume=71",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dl,jtitle:B,title:B,volume:cc,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66c8",spage:"93",epage:c,date:"1981",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r65",title:dl,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref66",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EOlson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMancur\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1965\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ECambridge\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EHarvard University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.4159\u002F9780674041660\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Logic+of+Collective+Action%3A+Public+Goods+and+the+Theory+of+Groups&author=Olson+Mancur&publication+year=1965\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Logic+of+Collective+Action%3A+Public+Goods+and+the+Theory+of+Groups&author=Olson+Mancur&publication+year=1965",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:av,title:av,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:ae,date:"1965",tpages:c,doi:dm,sid:d},innerRefId:"r66",title:av,doi:dm,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.4159\u002F9780674041660",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref67",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPendall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERolf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2000\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ELocal Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of the American Planning Association\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E66\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E125\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–42.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F01944360008976094\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Local+Land+Use+Regulations+and+the+Chain+of+Exclusion&author=Pendall+Rolf&publication+year=2000&journal=Journal+of+the+American+Planning+Association&volume=66&doi=10.1080%2F01944360008976094\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Local+Land+Use+Regulations+and+the+Chain+of+Exclusion&author=Pendall+Rolf&publication+year=2000&journal=Journal+of+the+American+Planning+Association&volume=66&doi=10.1080%2F01944360008976094",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dn,jtitle:do0,title:do0,volume:N,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66ca",spage:S,epage:c,date:af,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dp,au:a},innerRefId:"r67",title:dn,doi:dp,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F01944360008976094",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref68",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPendall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERolf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPuentes\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMartin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJonathan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2006\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EFrom Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EWashington DC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EThe Brookings Institution\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=From+Traditional+to+Reformed%3A+A+Review+of+the+Land+Use+Regulations+in+the+Nation%E2%80%99s+50+Largest+Metropolitan+Areas&author=Pendall+Rolf&author=Puentes+Robert&author=Martin+Jonathan&publication+year=2006\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=From+Traditional+to+Reformed%3A+A+Review+of+the+Land+Use+Regulations+in+the+Nation%E2%80%99s+50+Largest+Metropolitan+Areas&author=Pendall+Rolf&author=Puentes+Robert&author=Martin+Jonathan&publication+year=2006",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aw,title:aw,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"The Brookings Institution",date:F,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r68",title:aw,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref69",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPogodzinski\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJ. M.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESass\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ETim\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1994\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ERegional Science and Urban Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E24\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E601\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–30.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0166-0462(94)02059-0\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Theory+and+Estimation+of+Endogenous+Zoning&author=Pogodzinski+J.+M.&author=Sass+Tim&publication+year=1994&journal=Regional+Science+and+Urban+Economics&volume=24&doi=10.1016%2F0166-0462(94)02059-0\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Theory+and+Estimation+of+Endogenous+Zoning&author=Pogodzinski+J.+M.&author=Sass+Tim&publication+year=1994&journal=Regional+Science+and+Urban+Economics&volume=24&doi=10.1016%2F0166-0462(94)02059-0",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dq,jtitle:dr,title:dr,volume:"24",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66cc",spage:"601",epage:c,date:aZ,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:ds,au:a},innerRefId:"r69",title:dq,doi:ds,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0166-0462(94)02059-0",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref93",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERice\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERoger L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1968\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EResidential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Journal of Southern History\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E34\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E179\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–99.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2204656\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Residential+Segregation+by+Law%2C+1910%E2%80%931917&author=Rice+Roger+L.&publication+year=1968&journal=The+Journal+of+Southern+History&volume=34&doi=10.2307%2F2204656\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Residential+Segregation+by+Law%2C+1910%E2%80%931917&author=Rice+Roger+L.&publication+year=1968&journal=The+Journal+of+Southern+History&volume=34&doi=10.2307%2F2204656",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dt,jtitle:du,title:du,volume:M,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66cd",spage:"179",epage:c,date:"1968",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dv,au:a},innerRefId:"r93",title:dt,doi:dv,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2204656",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref70",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERoss\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EStephen L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003EUnderstanding Racial Segregation: What Is Known about the Effect of Housing Discrimination\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003E\u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003EEconomics\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. Working Papers #200815, \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Connecticut\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Economics' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Economics&author=Ross+Stephen+L.&publication+year=2008\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Economics&author=Ross+Stephen+L.&publication+year=2008",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:ax,title:ax,atitle:"Understanding Racial Segregation: What Is Known about the Effect of Housing Discrimination",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"University of Connecticut",date:n,spage:c,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r70",title:ax,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref71",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERothstein\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERichard\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2017\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ELiveright Publishing\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Color+of+Law%3A+A+Forgotten+History+of+How+Our+Government+Segregated+America&author=Rothstein+Richard&publication+year=2017\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Color+of+Law%3A+A+Forgotten+History+of+How+Our+Government+Segregated+America&author=Rothstein+Richard&publication+year=2017",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:ay,title:ay,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Liveright Publishing",date:K,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r71",title:ay,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref72",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERothwell\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJonathan T.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2011\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ERacial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Law and Economics Review\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E290\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–358. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faler\u002Fahq015\"\u003E10.1093\u002Faler\u002Fahq015\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faler\u002Fahq015\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Racial+Enclaves+and+Density+Zoning%3A+The+Institutionalized+Segregation+of+Racial+Minorities+in+the+United+States&author=Rothwell+Jonathan+T.&publication+year=2011&journal=American+Law+and+Economics+Review&volume=13&doi=10.1093%2Faler%2Fahq015\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Racial+Enclaves+and+Density+Zoning%3A+The+Institutionalized+Segregation+of+Racial+Minorities+in+the+United+States&author=Rothwell+Jonathan+T.&publication+year=2011&journal=American+Law+and+Economics+Review&volume=13&doi=10.1093%2Faler%2Fahq015",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dw,jtitle:dx,title:dx,volume:"13",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66d0",spage:"290",epage:c,date:y,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dy,au:a},innerRefId:"r72",title:dw,doi:dy,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faler\u002Fahq015",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref95",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESaiz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAlbert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Quarterly Journal of Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E125\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1253\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–96.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.3.1253\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Geographic+Determinants+of+Housing+Supply&author=Saiz+Albert&publication+year=2010&journal=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=125&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2010.125.3.1253\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+Geographic+Determinants+of+Housing+Supply&author=Saiz+Albert&publication+year=2010&journal=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&volume=125&doi=10.1162%2Fqjec.2010.125.3.1253",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dz,jtitle:G,title:G,volume:S,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66d1",spage:"1253",epage:c,date:T,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dA,au:a},innerRefId:"r95",title:dz,doi:dA,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.3.1253",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref96",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESampson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert J\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2012\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003EGreat American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EChicago\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Chicago Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=Sampson,+Robert+J.+2012.+Great+American+City:+Chicago+and+the+Enduring+Neighborhood+Effect.+Chicago:+University+of+Chicago+Press.\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=Sampson,+Robert+J.+2012.+Great+American+City:+Chicago+and+the+Enduring+Neighborhood+Effect.+Chicago:+University+of+Chicago+Press.",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:c,title:c,atitle:"Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:q,date:D,spage:c,epage:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r96",title:a,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref73",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchelling\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EThomas C.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1971\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDynamic Models of Segregation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EThe Journal of Mathematical Sociology the Journal of Mathematical Sociology\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E143\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–86.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Dynamic Models of Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F0022250X.1971.9989794\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Dynamic Models of Segregation' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Dynamic+Models+of+Segregation&author=Schelling+Thomas+C.&publication+year=1971&journal=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology+the+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&volume=1&doi=10.1080%2F0022250X.1971.9989794\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Dynamic+Models+of+Segregation&author=Schelling+Thomas+C.&publication+year=1971&journal=The+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology+the+Journal+of+Mathematical+Sociology&volume=1&doi=10.1080%2F0022250X.1971.9989794",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dB,jtitle:dC,title:dC,volume:R,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66d3",spage:"143",epage:c,date:"1971",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dD,au:a},innerRefId:"r73",title:dB,doi:dD,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F0022250X.1971.9989794",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref74",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESchwab\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERobert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EOates\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWallace\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1991\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ECommunity Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Public Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E44\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E217\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–37.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0047-2727(91)90027-Y\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Community+Composition+and+the+Provision+of+Local+Public+Goods%3A+A+Normative+Analysis&author=Schwab+Robert&author=Oates+Wallace&publication+year=1991&journal=Journal+of+Public+Economics&volume=44&doi=10.1016%2F0047-2727(91)90027-Y\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Community+Composition+and+the+Provision+of+Local+Public+Goods%3A+A+Normative+Analysis&author=Schwab+Robert&author=Oates+Wallace&publication+year=1991&journal=Journal+of+Public+Economics&volume=44&doi=10.1016%2F0047-2727(91)90027-Y",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dE,jtitle:dF,title:dF,volume:"44",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66d4",spage:Q,epage:c,date:bX,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dG,au:a},innerRefId:"r74",title:dE,doi:dG,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0047-2727(91)90027-Y",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref97",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESharkey\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPatrick\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2013\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EStuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EChicago\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Chicago Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.7208\u002Fchicago\u002F9780226924267.001.0001\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Stuck+in+Place%3A+Urban+Neighborhoods+and+the+End+of+Progress+toward+Racial+Equality&author=Sharkey+Patrick&publication+year=2013\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Stuck+in+Place%3A+Urban+Neighborhoods+and+the+End+of+Progress+toward+Racial+Equality&author=Sharkey+Patrick&publication+year=2013",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:az,title:az,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:q,date:z,tpages:c,doi:dH,sid:d},innerRefId:"r97",title:az,doi:dH,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.7208\u002Fchicago\u002F9780226924267.001.0001",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref75",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EShertzer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAllison\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETwinam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ETate\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWalsh\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERandall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2016\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ERace, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Economic Journal: Applied Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E217\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–46.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Discriminatory+Zoning&author=Shertzer+Allison&author=Twinam+Tate&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2016&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&volume=8\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Discriminatory+Zoning&author=Shertzer+Allison&author=Twinam+Tate&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2016&journal=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Applied+Economics&volume=8",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dI,jtitle:x,title:x,volume:"8",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66d6",spage:Q,epage:c,date:"2016",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"r75",title:dI,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref76",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EShertzer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAllison\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETwinam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ETate\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWalsh\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERandall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EZoning and the Economic Geography of Cities\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Urban Economics\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E105\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–39.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2018.01.006\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zoning+and+the+Economic+Geography+of+Cities&author=Shertzer+Allison&author=Twinam+Tate&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2018&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=105&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2018.01.006\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zoning+and+the+Economic+Geography+of+Cities&author=Shertzer+Allison&author=Twinam+Tate&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2018&journal=Journal+of+Urban+Economics&volume=105&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2018.01.006",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dJ,jtitle:i,title:i,volume:"105",artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66d7",spage:"20",epage:c,date:p,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dK,au:a},innerRefId:"r76",title:dJ,doi:dK,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2018.01.006",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref94",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESilver\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EChristopher\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1997\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"chapter-title\"\u003EThe Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” In \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EUrban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, eds. \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EThomas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJune Manning\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERitzdorf\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMarsha\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EThousand Oaks\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ESage Publications\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E42\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Urban+Planning+and+the+African+American+Community%3A+In+the+Shadows&author=Silver+Christopher&author=Thomas+June+Manning&author=Ritzdorf+Marsha&publication+year=1997&pages=23-42\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Urban+Planning+and+the+African+American+Community%3A+In+the+Shadows&author=Silver+Christopher&author=Thomas+June+Manning&author=Ritzdorf+Marsha&publication+year=1997&pages=23-42",openUrlParams:{genre:j,btitle:aA,title:aA,atitle:"The Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities",aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Sage Publications",date:H,spage:"23",epage:bU,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r94",title:aA,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref77",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EStone\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EClarence N.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1989\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ERegime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ELawrence, Kan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity Press of Kansas\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Regime+Politics%3A+Governing+Atlanta%2C+1946%E2%80%931988.+Studies+in+Government+and+Public+Policy&author=Stone+Clarence+N.&publication+year=1989\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Regime+Politics%3A+Governing+Atlanta%2C+1946%E2%80%931988.+Studies+in+Government+and+Public+Policy&author=Stone+Clarence+N.&publication+year=1989",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aB,title:aB,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"University Press of Kansas",date:"1989",tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r77",title:aB,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref78",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETaub\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERichard P.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETaylor\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ED. G.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDunham\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJan D.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1984\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EPaths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EChicago\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EUniversity of Chicago Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Paths+of+Neighborhood+Change%3A+Race+and+Crime+in+Urban+America&author=Taub+Richard+P.&author=Taylor+D.+G.&author=Dunham+Jan+D.&publication+year=1984\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Paths+of+Neighborhood+Change%3A+Race+and+Crime+in+Urban+America&author=Taub+Richard+P.&author=Taylor+D.+G.&author=Dunham+Jan+D.&publication+year=1984",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aC,title:aC,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:q,date:"1984",tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r78",title:aC,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref79",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETiebout\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECharles M.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1956\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EA Pure Theory of Local Expenditures\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.” \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJournal of Political Economy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E64\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E): \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E416\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–24. doi: \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F257839\"\u003E10.1086\u002F257839\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003Ca class=\"uri simple\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F1826343\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F1826343\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F257839\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Pure+Theory+of+Local+Expenditures&author=Tiebout+Charles+M.&publication+year=1956&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=64&doi=10.1086%2F257839\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=A+Pure+Theory+of+Local+Expenditures&author=Tiebout+Charles+M.&publication+year=1956&journal=Journal+of+Political+Economy&volume=64&doi=10.1086%2F257839",openUrlParams:{genre:g,atitle:dL,jtitle:o,title:o,volume:O,artnum:"65d824e5495e2100011d66db",spage:"416",epage:c,date:"1956",sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:dM,au:a},innerRefId:"r79",title:dL,doi:dM,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F257839",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref80",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EToll\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESeymour I\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1969\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EZoned American\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EGrossman Publishers\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Zoned American' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zoned+American&author=Toll+Seymour+I&publication+year=1969\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Zoned+American&author=Toll+Seymour+I&publication+year=1969",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aD,title:aD,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"Grossman Publishers",date:bn,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r80",title:aD,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref81",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETroesken\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EWerner\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E and \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWalsh\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ERandall\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2017\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. “\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ECollective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.”NBER Working Paper No. 23691.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Collective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Collective+Action%2C+White+Flight%2C+and+the+Origins+of+Formal+Segregation+Laws&author=Troesken+Werner&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2017\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Collective+Action%2C+White+Flight%2C+and+the+Origins+of+Formal+Segregation+Laws&author=Troesken+Werner&author=Walsh+Randall&publication+year=2017",openUrlParams:{genre:u,date:K,sid:d,title:dN},innerRefId:"r81",title:dN,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref98",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETrounstine\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJessica\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ESegregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ECambridge University Press\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108555722\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Segregation+by+Design%3A+Local+Politics+and+Inequality+in+American+Cities&author=Trounstine+Jessica&publication+year=2018\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Segregation+by+Design%3A+Local+Politics+and+Inequality+in+American+Cities&author=Trounstine+Jessica&publication+year=2018",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aE,title:aE,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:r,date:p,tpages:c,doi:dO,sid:d},innerRefId:"r98",title:aE,doi:dO,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002F9781108555722",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"ref82",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYinger\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJohn\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1997\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EClosed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003ERussell Sage Foundation\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Closed+Doors%2C+Opportunities+Lost%3A+The+Continuing+Costs+of+Housing+Discrimination&author=Yinger+John&publication+year=1997\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Closed+Doors%2C+Opportunities+Lost%3A+The+Continuing+Costs+of+Housing+Discrimination&author=Yinger+John&publication+year=1997",openUrlParams:{genre:h,btitle:aF,title:aF,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:v,date:H,tpages:c,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"r82",title:aF,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]}],figures:[]},pdf:c,classification:[],supplementaryMaterials:[{title:"Trounstine Dataset",description:"Dataset \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7910\u002FDVN\u002F5MAQC2\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7910\u002FDVN\u002F5MAQC2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",contentType:dP,objectType:"application\u002Foctet-stream",alternatives:[],externalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7910\u002FDVN\u002F5MAQC2"},{title:"Trounstine supplementary material",description:"Online Appendix",contentType:dP,objectType:"application\u002Fvnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",alternatives:[],downloadUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fcontent\u002Fid\u002Furn:cambridge.org:id:article:S0003055419000844\u002Fresource\u002Fname\u002FS0003055419000844sup001.docx",size:"27 KB"}],relations:{corrections:[],correctionsOriginals:[],retractions:[],retractionsOriginals:[],addendums:[],addendumsOriginals:[],hasAnyRelations:b,hasAnyOriginalArticle:b},settings:{hasAccess:b,isOpenAccess:b,displayRightsLink:e,shouldDisplayCrossMark:b,shouldDisplayNasaAds:b,suppressPdf:b,isShareable:b,isAnnotationsEnabled:b,disableArticleCommentary:b,displayArticleCommentaryAsDiscussionLinks:b,isCommentsEnabled:e,hasContent:b,shouldDisplaySubmitContent:b,isResearchDirections:b,isQuestionCollection:b,isMathjaxEnabled:b,commentariesTabName:"Comments"},citationCount:62,openUrlParams:"?genre=article&atitle=The%20Geography%20of%20Inequality%3A%20How%20Land%20Use%20Regulation%20Produces%20Segregation&jtitle=American%20Political%20Science%20Review&title=American%20Political%20Science%20Review&date=2020&volume=114&issue=2&spage=443&epage=455&sid=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore&aulast=TROUNSTINE&aufirst=JESSICA&doi=10.1017\u002FS0003055419000844",ecommerceProducts:{digitalSku:t,paperBackSku:c,hardBackSku:c},subject:[],permissionUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fs100.copyright.com\u002FAppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=PSR&title=The%20Geography%20of%20Inequality%3A%20How%20Land%20Use%20Regulation%20Produces%20Segregation&publicationDate=03%20February%202020&author=JESSICA%20TROUNSTINE&copyright=Copyright%20%C2%A9%20American%20Political%20Science%20Association%202020%C2%A0&contentID=10.1017%2FS0003055419000844&startPage=443&endPage=455&orderBeanReset=True&volumeNum=114&issueNum=2&oa="},breadcrumbs:[{name:"Home",url:"\u002Fcore"},{name:"Journals",url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fpublications\u002Fjournals"},{name:m,url:aK},{name:"Volume 114 Issue 2",url:aN},{name:"The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation..."}],lang:aO,isShare:b,coreCmsConfig:{shouldUseShareProductTool:e,shouldUseHypothesis:e,isUnsiloEnabled:e},debugHostName:"page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs",debugTotalLoadingTime:aI,debugRenderDate:"2024-11-22T08:19:13.617Z",debugHasDataIssue:b,debugHasContentIssue:b}],fetch:{},error:c,state:{errors:{hasAnyIssue:b,hasContentIssue:b},tabs:{supportedTabs:[],currentTab:a,stickyTabsEnabled:b},unleash:{repo:[{name:"useOrcidAuthorSync",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableLogObfuscation",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.useDefaultDigitalCopy",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"wayf.newGlobalHeader.showDiscoveryTool",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CorePageComponentUseNewCombobox",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.newCitationApi",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.loadSupMatFolderMetrics",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableJmsMessagesPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UseSocialShareButton",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UseBlog",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.useStudyLevels",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"useNewGlobalHeader",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"wayf.newGlobalHeader",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"authentication.useNewGlobalHeader",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.platformHeader-micro-ui",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"DT.newGlobalHeader",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"checkout.useNewGlobalHeaderUrl",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"checkout.newGlobalHeader.showDiscoveryTool",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"showSearchDashboardVersionAndPublishedDate",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CorePageComponentGetUserInfoFromSharedSession",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UseB2bPages",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreDisplayKBARTAutomation",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.useQuickAccessPanel",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreDisplayResearchOpen",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableInternalJournalsSqsPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"sendEmailsToTargetRecipients",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableFirstProcessReminderPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"he.resourcesWidgetLandingPage",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.useNewTitlesSections",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableContinueProcessReminderPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreUseCitationToolApi",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableSecondProcessReminderPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreUseKbartMetafile",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"shoppingCart.newGlobalHeader.showDiscoveryTool",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableInternalArticlesSqsPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreDisplayGlobalHeader",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"checkout.newGlobalHeader",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UseKeycloakAuth",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"Ecommerce",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UseGroupBooking",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreUseOmnichannel",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableZendeskRedirects",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnablePostPaymentEnrolment",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"authentication.useNewGlobalHeader.showDiscoveryTool",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"DisableEduframe",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"DT.useUsageEvents",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"showSearchDashboardSortDropdown",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"car-sup-mats",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.useFixedLoginUrl",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UsePayPalPayment",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.NewReadAsGuestPopup",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"cart.useNewGlobalHeaderUrl",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UseCourseWelcomeEmail",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.Omnichannel",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableInternalArticlesPostProcessingSqsPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"homsy.Omnichannel",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.verifySalesforceApiKey",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"UsePayByQuote",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"EnableEmailMessagesSqsPolling",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"HE.useRedesignedPill",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b},{name:"CoreUseNewCms",enabled:e,variant:{name:f,enabled:b},impressionData:b}]},i18n:{routeParams:{}}},serverRendered:e,routePath:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002FjournalName\u002Farticle\u002FarticleName\u002FBAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016",config:{assetsService:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org",publicApi:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cambridge.org\u002Fcore\u002Fpage-component\u002Fapi\u002Fv2",domainUrl:d,shibbolethUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fshibboleth.cambridge.org",seamlessAccessPs:"https:\u002F\u002Fservice.seamlessaccess.org\u002Fps\u002F",seamlessAccessContext:"seamlessaccess.org",shareaholicScript:"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.shareaholic.net\u002Fassets\u002Fpub\u002Fshareaholic.js",shareaholicSiteId:"b60ec523a5bee2ad04c630bf0d3aa388",shareaholicAppId:33113081,unleashProxyUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fcore-features.cambridge.org\u002Fproxy",unleashProxyClientKey:"B43LrdgqNKlNsaHfVzQ7l78gkVH0K7tf",cloudflareAuth:a,_app:{basePath:"\u002F",assetsPath:"\u002Fcore\u002Fpage-component\u002F",cdnURL:c}}}}("",false,null,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cambridge.org",true,"disabled","article","book","Journal of Urban Economics","chapter","Urban Studies","Quarterly Journal of Economics","American Political Science Review","2008","Journal of Political Economy","2018","University of Chicago Press","Cambridge University Press","American Sociological Review","S0003055419000844","unknown","Russell Sage Foundation","article_psr_ind_pur","American Economic Journal: Applied Economics","2011","2013","2019","The American Economic Review","2004","2012","The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects","2006","The Quarterly Journal of Economics","1997","2015","Demography","2017","833A7242AC7B607BA7F6168DA072DB3B","34","66","64","2014","217","1","125","2010","The Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning","Oxford University Press","The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology","79","29","Won’T You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles","The Most Segregated City in America: City Planning and Civil rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980","A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida","41","Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880","Nieghborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America’s Housing Crisis","Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration","Harvard University Press","2000","The Space Between Us","Racial and Ethnic Politics in American Suburbs","Regional Growth and Local Reaction: The Enactment and Effects of Local Growth Control and Management Measures in California","Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics","The Economic Implications of House Price Capitalization: A Survey of an Emerging Literature","Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940–1960","Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States","A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data","Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies","The New Suburban History","Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in Metropolitan America","Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place","American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass","City Growth and Values","The Road to Inequality: How the Federal Highway Program Created Suburbs, Undermined Cities, and Polarized America","The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups","From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas","Economics","The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America","Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality","Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows","Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy","Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America","Zoned American","Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities","Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination","The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation","455",0,"american-political-science-review","\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Famerican-political-science-review","May 2020",1588291200000,"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Famerican-political-science-review\u002Fissue\u002FF419DA50E283A7EE7A9F0658542B7853","en","The Wrong Side (s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality","The Market for Local Public Goods","Case Western Reserve Law Review","Segregation and Tiebout Sorting: The Link between Place-Based Investments and Neighborhood Tipping","10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2012.09.006","Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning","Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism","10.1257\u002Faer.98.3.843","The Determinants of Restrictive Residential Zoning: Some Empirical Findings","Journal of Regional Science","1994","10.1111\u002Fj.1467-9787.1994.tb00866.x","A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods","10.1086\u002F522381","What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata","10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2004.06.002","City NIMBYS","Journal of Land Use","What Big Teeth You Have! Identifying the Motivations for Exclusionary Zoning","30","1993","10.1080\u002F00420989320081651","Was Postwar Suburbanization ‘White Flight’? Evidence from the Black Migration","10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.1.417","The Rising Cost of Local Public Services: Some Evidence and Reflections","National Tax Journal","1969","10.1086\u002FNTJ41792204","Our Localism: Part II—Localism and Legal Theory","Columbia Law Review","1990","10.2307\u002F1122776","The Old Jim Crow: Racial Residential Segregation and Imprisonment","Law and Policy","10.1111\u002Flapo.12022","Inefficiencies from Metropolitan Political and Fiscal Decentralization: Failures of Tiebout Competition","The Review of Economic Studies","10.1093\u002Frestud\u002Frdr048","Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation","10.1162\u002Fqjec.2008.123.1.177","133","10.1093\u002Fqje\u002Fqjy007","10.1093\u002Fqje\u002Fqjy006","The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation","Annual Review of Sociology","167","10.1146\u002Fannurev.soc.29.010202.100002","2005","10.7208\u002Fchicago\u002F9780226135250.001.0001","Are Ghettos Good or Bad?","10.1162\u002F003355397555361","The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto","1999","10.1086\u002F250069","Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality","Journal of Economics and Finance","10.1007\u002FBF02761550","A Tour De Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics","The Review of Black Political Economy","42","10.1007\u002Fs12114-014-9201-2","Patterns of Neighborhood Transition in a Multiethnic World: U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970–1980","1991","10.2307\u002F2061335","10.1017\u002F9781108769495","10.4159\u002F9780674036406","Suburban Growth Controls: An Economic and Legal Analysis","Beyond the Double Veto: Land Use Plans as Preemptive Intergovernmental Compacts","Hastings Law Journal","71","Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans","2001","10.1177\u002F000312240106600607","10.1017\u002F9781108354943","Race and Socioeconomic Segregation","40","1975","10.2307\u002F2094181","An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects","10.1080\u002F0042098032000165271","Property Taxation and the Tiebout Model: Evidence for the Benefit View from Zoning and Voting","Journal of Economic Literature","1992","Distinguishing the Geographic Levels and Social Dimensions of U.S. Metropolitan Segregation, 1960–2000","10.1353\u002Fdem.2004.0002","Shifting Geographies: Examining the Role of Suburbanization in Blacks’ Declining Segregation","Urban Affairs Review","43","10.1177\u002F1078087407305499","10.1017\u002FCBO9781316027189","Models, Assumptions and Model Checking in Ecological Regressions","Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A","101","10.1111\u002F1467-985X.00190","Lincoln Institute of Land Policy","Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration","Sociological Perspectives","10.2307\u002F1389798","A New Measure of the Local Regulatory Environment for Housing Markets: The Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index","45","10.1177\u002F0042098007087341","Does Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data","Zoning and Property Taxation in a System of Local Governments","10.1080\u002F00420987520080301","When Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism","‘Property Values Drop when Blacks Move in, because…’ Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability","Source American Sociological Review","On the Origins of Land Use Regulations: Theory and Evidence from US Metro Areas","10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2012.10.002","Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? Race, Class, and Residential Segregation","Social Problems","10.1525\u002Fsp.2006.53.2.248","1987","Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas","10.2307\u002F2096304","10.1017\u002FCBO9780511510595","786 Municipalities in United States Now Protected by Zoning Ordinances","The American City","In the Eye of the Beholder: Racial Beliefs and Residential Segregation","Du Bois Review","5","10.1017\u002FS1742058X08080028","Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment","American Economic Journal: Economic Policy","Where Interests Trump Ideology: The Persistent Influence of Homeownership in Local Development Politics","The Dimensions of Residential Segregation","Social Forces","10.2307\u002F2579183","Why Partisans Do Not Sort: The Constraints on Political Segregation","The Journal of Politics","10.1086\u002F687569","10.1017\u002F9781108277952","On Local Finance and the Tiebout Model","10.4159\u002F9780674041660","Local Land Use Regulations and the Chain of Exclusion","Journal of the American Planning Association","10.1080\u002F01944360008976094","The Theory and Estimation of Endogenous Zoning","Regional Science and Urban Economics","10.1016\u002F0166-0462(94)02059-0","Residential Segregation by Law, 1910–1917","The Journal of Southern History","10.2307\u002F2204656","Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States","American Law and Economics Review","10.1093\u002Faler\u002Fahq015","The Geographic Determinants of Housing Supply","10.1162\u002Fqjec.2010.125.3.1253","Dynamic Models of Segregation","The Journal of Mathematical Sociology the Journal of Mathematical Sociology","10.1080\u002F0022250X.1971.9989794","Community Composition and the Provision of Local Public Goods: A Normative Analysis","Journal of Public Economics","10.1016\u002F0047-2727(91)90027-Y","10.7208\u002Fchicago\u002F9780226924267.001.0001","Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning","Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities","10.1016\u002Fj.jue.2018.01.006","A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures","10.1086\u002F257839","Collective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws","10.1017\u002F9781108555722",6));</script><script src="/core/page-component/06cd607.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/20147ec.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/722ace3.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/6f4302c.js" defer></script> </div> </div> <div id="article-new-home-productCitations" class="product-citations-modal reveal-modal medium" data-reveal role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-new-home-citedByModalHeader"> <div class="header"> <div class="heading_07 margin-bottom" id="article-new-home-citedByModalHeader">Cited by</div> </div> <div class="citation-content"> <div class="row collapse header margin-top productCitations-content"> <ul class="small-12 small-centered columns citations"> <li class="fade-in section-container active"> <a href="#" class="section-button" data-id="article-new-home-crossref-citations"> <div class="circular medium citation"> <img src="https://assets.crossref.org/logo/crossref-logo-100.png" alt="Crossref logo"> <span class="citation-count">62</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="fade-in section-container"> <a href="#" class="section-button" data-id="article-new-home-scholar-citations"> <div class="circular medium citation"> <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Google_Scholar_logo_2015.PNG" alt="Google Scholar logo"> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="row wrapper no-padding-top section-content"> <div class="small-10 small-centered columns"> <section class="content" id="article-new-home-crossref-citations"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <div class="panel margin-top-small citation-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="medium-12 columns"> <div class="print-only print-heading margin-bottom-large">Crossref Citations</div> <div class="row margin-bottom"> <div class="small-1 columns"> <a href="http://www.crossref.org/citedby/index.html" target="_blank"> <img src="https://assets.crossref.org/logo/crossref-logo-100.png" alt="Crossref logo"> </a> </div> <div class="small-11 columns"> <h5 class="heading_10"> This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by <a href="http://www.crossref.org/citedby/index.html" target="_blank">Crossref</a>.</h5> </div> </div> <hr />  <div class="reference-display"> Dobbin, Kristin B. and Fencl, Amanda L. 2021. <i>Institutional diversity and safe drinking water provision in the United States</i>. Utilities Policy, Vol. 73, Issue. , p. 101306. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2021.101306" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Institutional+diversity+and+safe+drinking+water+provision+in+the+United+States&author=Dobbin+Kristin+B.&author=Fencl+Amanda+L.&publication_year=2021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Hacker, Jacob S. Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander Pierson, Paul and Thelen, Kathleen 2021. <i>The American Political Economy</i>. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009029841" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+American+Political+Economy&author=Hacker+Jacob+S.&author=Hertel-Fernandez+Alexander&author=Pierson+Paul&author=Thelen+Kathleen&publication_year=2021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Harjunen, Oskari Saarimaa, Tuukka and Tukiainen, Janne 2021. <i>Love Thy (Elected) Neighbor? Residential Segregation, Political Representation and Local Public Goods</i>. SSRN Electronic Journal , </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3765518" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Love+Thy+(Elected)+Neighbor?+Residential+Segregation+Political+Representation+and+Local+Public+Goods&author=Harjunen+Oskari&author=Saarimaa+Tuukka&author=Tukiainen+Janne&publication_year=2021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Fallon, Katherine F. 2021. <i>Reproducing race in the gentrifying city: A critical analysis of race in gentrification scholarship</i>. Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City, Vol. 2, Issue. 1, p. 1. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2020.1847006" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reproducing+race+in+the+gentrifying+city:+A+critical+analysis+of+race+in+gentrification+scholarship&author=Fallon+Katherine+F.&publication_year=2021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Bradlow, Benjamin H. 2021. <i>Weapons of the Strong: Elite Resistance and the Neo-Apartheid City</i>. City & Community, Vol. 20, Issue. 3, p. 191. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1535684121994522" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Weapons+of+the+Strong:+Elite+Resistance+and+the+Neo-Apartheid+City&author=Bradlow+Benjamin+H.&publication_year=2021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> CHOU, WINSTON and DANCYGIER, RAFAELA 2021. <i>Why Parties Displace Their Voters: Gentrification, Coalitional Change, and the Demise of Public Housing</i>. American Political Science Review, Vol. 115, Issue. 2, p. 429. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000058" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Why+Parties+Displace+Their+Voters:+Gentrification+Coalitional+Change+and+the+Demise+of+Public+Housing&author=CHOU+WINSTON&author=DANCYGIER+RAFAELA&publication_year=2021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Baltz, Samuel Agadjanian, Alexander Chin, Declan Curiel, John DeLuca, Kevin Dunham, James Miranda, Jennifer Phillips, Connor Halloran Uhlman, Annabel Wimpy, Cameron Zárate, Marcos and Stewart, Charles 2022. <i>American election results at the precinct level</i>. Scientific Data, Vol. 9, Issue. 1, </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01745-0" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=American+election+results+at+the+precinct+level&author=Baltz+Samuel&author=Agadjanian+Alexander&author=Chin+Declan&author=Curiel+John&author=DeLuca+Kevin&author=Dunham+James&author=Miranda+Jennifer&author=Phillips+Connor+Halloran&author=Uhlman+Annabel&author=Wimpy+Cameron&author=Zárate+Marcos&author=Stewart+Charles&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Wicki, Michael and Kaufmann, David 2022. <i>Accepting and resisting densification: The importance of project-related factors and the contextualizing role of neighbourhoods</i>. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 220, Issue. , p. 104350. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104350" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Accepting+and+resisting+densification:+The+importance+of+project-related+factors+and+the+contextualizing+role+of+neighbourhoods&author=Wicki+Michael&author=Kaufmann+David&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Kulkarni, Nirupama and Malmendier, Ulrike 2022. <i>Homeownership segregation</i>. Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 129, Issue. , p. 123. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2022.05.001" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Homeownership+segregation&author=Kulkarni+Nirupama&author=Malmendier+Ulrike&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Boschken, Herman L. 2022. <i>Income inequality and the imprint of globalization on U.S. metropolitan areas</i>. Cities, Vol. 121, Issue. , p. 103503. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103503" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Income+inequality+and+the+imprint+of+globalization+on+U.S.+metropolitan+areas&author=Boschken+Herman+L.&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Szewczyk, James and Crowder-Meyer, Melody 2022. <i>Community Income Inequality and the Economic Gap in Participation</i>. Political Behavior, Vol. 44, Issue. 2, p. 479. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-020-09621-6" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Community+Income+Inequality+and+the+Economic+Gap+in+Participation&author=Szewczyk+James&author=Crowder-Meyer+Melody&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Pendall, Rolf Lo, Lydia and Wegmann, Jake 2022. <i>Shifts Toward the Extremes</i>. Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 88, Issue. 1, p. 55. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2021.1894970" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Shifts+Toward+the+Extremes&author=Pendall+Rolf&author=Lo+Lydia&author=Wegmann+Jake&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Tierney, Katherine I. 2022. <i>Geographic distribution of assisted reproductive technology clinics in the USA: a multilevel sociodemographic analysis</i>. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Vol. 39, Issue. 11, p. 2505. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-022-02607-9" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Geographic+distribution+of+assisted+reproductive+technology+clinics+in+the+USA:+a+multilevel+sociodemographic+analysis&author=Tierney+Katherine+I.&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> van Witteloostuijn, Arjen and van Hugten, Joeri 2022. <i>The state of the art of hypothesis testing in the social sciences</i>. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, Vol. 6, Issue. 1, p. 100314. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100314" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+state+of+the+art+of+hypothesis+testing+in+the+social+sciences&author=van+Witteloostuijn+Arjen&author=van+Hugten+Joeri&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Cavender-Bares, Jeannine Schneider, Fabian D. Santos, Maria João Armstrong, Amanda Carnaval, Ana Dahlin, Kyla M. Fatoyinbo, Lola Hurtt, George C. Schimel, David Townsend, Philip A. Ustin, Susan L. Wang, Zhihui and Wilson, Adam M. 2022. <i>Integrating remote sensing with ecology and evolution to advance biodiversity conservation</i>. Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 6, Issue. 5, p. 506. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01702-5" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Integrating+remote+sensing+with+ecology+and+evolution+to+advance+biodiversity+conservation&author=Cavender-Bares+Jeannine&author=Schneider+Fabian+D.&author=Santos+Maria+João&author=Armstrong+Amanda&author=Carnaval+Ana&author=Dahlin+Kyla+M.&author=Fatoyinbo+Lola&author=Hurtt+George+C.&author=Schimel+David&author=Townsend+Philip+A.&author=Ustin+Susan+L.&author=Wang+Zhihui&author=Wilson+Adam+M.&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Hall, Andrew B. and Yoder, Jesse 2022. <i>Does Homeownership Influence Political Behavior? Evidence from Administrative Data</i>. The Journal of Politics, Vol. 84, Issue. 1, p. 351. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/714932" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Does+Homeownership+Influence+Political+Behavior?+Evidence+from+Administrative+Data&author=Hall+Andrew+B.&author=Yoder+Jesse&publication_year=2022" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Awad, M. Hassan 2023. <i>Place and the Structuring of Cross-Sector Partnerships: The Moral and Material Conflicts Over Healthcare and Homelessness</i>. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 184, Issue. 4, p. 933. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05360-w" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Place+and+the+Structuring+of+Cross-Sector+Partnerships:+The+Moral+and+Material+Conflicts+Over+Healthcare+and+Homelessness&author=Awad+M.+Hassan&publication_year=2023" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Brondolo, Elizabeth Kaur, Amandeep and Flores, Melissa 2023. <i>Structural racism and health in the age of COVID‐19: A selective review with policy implications</i>. Social Issues and Policy Review, Vol. 17, Issue. 1, p. 34. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12095" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Structural+racism+and+health+in+the+age+of+COVID‐19:+A+selective+review+with+policy+implications&author=Brondolo+Elizabeth&author=Kaur+Amandeep&author=Flores+Melissa&publication_year=2023" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Lu, Tingting Cui, Can Cai, Yining and Li, Zhiyuan 2023. <i>Homeownership-based segregation and urban amenity differentiation in Shanghai</i>. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, Vol. 16, Issue. 4, p. 1417. </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-023-09516-z" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Homeownership-based+segregation+and+urban+amenity+differentiation+in+Shanghai&author=Lu+Tingting&author=Cui+Can&author=Cai+Yining&author=Li+Zhiyuan&publication_year=2023" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/>  <div class="reference-display"> Xu, Alice 2023. <i>The Political Origins of Slum Growth and Segregation in Cities</i>. SSRN Electronic Journal, </div> <ul class="reference-list"> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4517935" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Political+Origins+of+Slum+Growth+and+Segregation+in+Cities&author=Xu+Alice&publication_year=2023" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li> </ul> <hr/> <div class="text-center"> <a href="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/download/cited-by?doi=10.1017/S0003055419000844&productType=JOURNAL_ARTICLE&productId=BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" class="small button radius transparent">Download full list</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section style="display:none" class="content" id="article-new-home-scholar-citations"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <div class="panel margin-top-small citation-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="medium-12 columns"> <div class="print-only print-heading margin-bottom-large">Google Scholar Citations</div> <p>View all <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&cites=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" target="_blank">Google Scholar citations</a> for this article. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close cited by"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></a> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function () { $('body').on('click', '#article-new-home-productCitations .section-button', function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var id = $(this).attr('data-id'); $('#article-new-home-productCitations .section-content section').hide(); $('#article-new-home-productCitations .section-container').removeClass('active'); $(this).parent('.section-container').addClass('active'); $('#' + id).show(); }); }); </script> <div id='platform-footer'> <div class="__shared-elements-html ShEl"><div class="__shared-elements-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/entry.BhGMTrWu.css"> <link rel="prefetch" as="style" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/error-404.B06nACMW.css"> <link rel="prefetch" as="style" href="/aca/shared-elements/_nuxt/error-500.WGRfNq7F.css"> </div><div class="__shared-elements-body"><div id="__sharedElements-eu7xoc"><div class="apl"><footer class="apl-footer apl-theme--core" data-v-20efd383><section class="apl-footer__top" data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-container apl-footer__container-top" data-v-20efd383><a href="/" class="apl-footer__logo-link" data-v-20efd383><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Cambridge University Press" class="apl-footer__logo-image" data-v-20efd383></a><div class="apl-footer__nav-and-location" data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-footer__nav" data-v-20efd383><nav class="apl-link-block__nav" data-v-7c018d72 data-v-20efd383><h2 class="apl-link-block__heading" data-v-7c018d72>Our Site</h2><ul class="apl-link-block__list-platforms" data-v-7c018d72><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="/core/accessibility" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Cambridge Core accessibility page" data-v-7c018d72><span>Accessibility</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="/core/help/FAQs" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Cambridge Core contact & help page" data-v-7c018d72><span>Contact & Help</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="/core/legal-notices/terms" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Cambridge Core legal notices page" data-v-7c018d72><span>Legal Notices</span></a></li></ul></nav><nav class="apl-link-block__nav" data-v-7c018d72 data-v-20efd383><h2 class="apl-link-block__heading" data-v-7c018d72>Our Platforms</h2><ul class="apl-link-block__list-platforms" data-v-7c018d72><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Cambridge Core. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Cambridge Core</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/engage/coe/public-dashboard" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Cambridge Open Engage. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Cambridge Open Engage</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Cambridge Higher Education. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Cambridge Higher Education</span></a></li></ul></nav><nav class="apl-link-block__nav" data-v-7c018d72 data-v-20efd383><h2 class="apl-link-block__heading" data-v-7c018d72>Our Products</h2><ul class="apl-link-block__list-platforms" data-v-7c018d72><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/publications/journals" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Journals. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Journals</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=BOOK" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Books. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Books</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/publications/elements" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Elements. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Elements</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/search?aggs=%24productTypes%24BOOK%3Atrue%3B%3B" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Textbooks. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Textbooks</span></a></li><li class="apl-link-block__list-item" data-v-7c018d72><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/search?aggs=%24productTypes%24COURSEWARE%3Atrue%3B%3B" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-link-block__btn-link" aria-label="Courseware. Opens in a new window." data-v-7c018d72><span>Courseware</span></a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="apl-footer__socials-and-location" data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-footer__socials" data-v-20efd383><h2 class="apl-footer__heading" data-v-20efd383>Join us online</h2><ul class="apl-footer__list-socials" data-v-20efd383><li class="apl-footer__list-item" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTK8KRW19hUVucVRHbIx73oLKUro8HXt0" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--sm apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__list-item-link" aria-label="Visit Cambridge University Press Youtube account. Opens in a new tab." data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--youtube" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-20efd383></div></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://twitter.com/CambridgeCore" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--sm apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__list-item-link" aria-label="Visit Cambridge University Press X account. Opens in a new tab." data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--x" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-20efd383></div></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.facebook.com/CambridgeCore" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--sm apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__list-item-link" aria-label="Visit Cambridge University Press Facebook account. Opens in a new tab." data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--facebook" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-20efd383></div></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.instagram.com/cambridgeuniversitypress/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--sm apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__list-item-link" aria-label="Visit Cambridge University Press Instagram account. Opens in a new tab." data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--instagram" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-20efd383></div></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/11096649" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--sm apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__list-item-link" aria-label="Visit Cambridge University Press Linkedin account. Opens in a new tab." data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--linkedin" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-20efd383></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="apl-footer__location apl-footer__location--desktop" data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-dropdown" data-v-6114426c data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-location" data-v-ae305bb6 data-v-6114426c><div class="apl-location__main" data-v-ae305bb6><div class="apl-location__location-picker" data-v-ae305bb6><label class="apl-location__label" for="footer-location-picker" aria-label="Select your location" data-v-ae305bb6>Location</label><div class="apl-location__input-wrapper" data-v-ae305bb6><input id="footer-location-picker" type="text" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" placeholder="Choose your location" class="apl-location__input" value="GBR" data-v-ae305bb6><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--globe-web apl-location__globe" style="color:;" aria-hidden="true" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-ae305bb6></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--sm apl-button--icon-only apl-location__chevron-btn" aria-label="open location list" data-v-ae305bb6><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--chevron-down apl-button__icon--center" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button><div class="apl-location__error" data-v-ae305bb6><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--error apl-location__error-icon" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-ae305bb6></div><p class="apl-location__error-message" data-v-ae305bb6> Please choose a valid location. </p></div></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" class="apl-button apl-button--secondary apl-button--sm apl-location__button" aria-label="Submit to update location preference" data-v-ae305bb6><span>Update</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="apl-footer__bottom" data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-container apl-footer__container-bottom" data-v-20efd383><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-footer__btn-collapse" aria-label="Click to open legal information links list" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="apl-footer__legal-links" data-v-20efd383><span>Legal Information</span><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--chevron-down apl-button__icon--right" style="color:;" tabindex="-1" data-v-27c0a44c></div></button><ul class="apl-footer__list-legal" id="apl-footer__legal-links" data-v-20efd383><li class="apl-footer__list-item apl-footer__list-item-legal" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/rights-permissions/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__btn-link apl-footer__btn-link-legal" aria-label="Rights and Permissions. Opens in a new window." data-v-20efd383><span>Rights & Permissions</span></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item apl-footer__list-item-legal" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/copyright/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__btn-link apl-footer__btn-link-legal" aria-label="Copyright. Opens in a new window." data-v-20efd383><span>Copyright</span></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item apl-footer__list-item-legal" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__btn-link apl-footer__btn-link-legal" aria-label="Privacy Notice. Opens in a new window." data-v-20efd383><span>Privacy Notice</span></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item apl-footer__list-item-legal" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/terms-use" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__btn-link apl-footer__btn-link-legal" aria-label="Terms of Use. Opens in a new window." data-v-20efd383><span>Terms of Use</span></a></li><li class="apl-footer__list-item apl-footer__list-item-legal" data-v-20efd383><a tabindex="0" href="https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/cookies-policy/" target="_blank" class="apl-button apl-button--primary apl-button--lg apl-button--text apl-button--link apl-footer__btn-link apl-footer__btn-link-legal" aria-label="Cookies Policy. Opens in a new window." data-v-20efd383><span>Cookies Policy</span></a></li></ul><div class="apl-footer__copyright" data-v-20efd383><div class="apl-icon apl-icon--copyright" style="color:;" data-v-27c0a44c data-v-20efd383></div><span data-v-20efd383> Cambridge University Press 2024</span></div></div></section></footer></div></div> </div></div><script>window.__PLATFORM_FOOTER_DATA__ = {"data":{"entry":{"slug":"global-config","platformLinks":[{"name":"navigationBarCategory","value":{"title":"Browse","navigationBarArea":[{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Subjects","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Subjects","url":"/core/browse-subjects","ariaLabel":"Subjects"}},"column1Heading":" Subjects (A-D)","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Anthropology","url":"/core/browse-subjects/anthropology","ariaLabel":"Anthropology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Archaeology","url":"/core/browse-subjects/archaeology","ariaLabel":"Archaeology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Area Studies","url":"/core/browse-subjects/area-studies","ariaLabel":"Area Studies"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Art","url":"/core/browse-subjects/art","ariaLabel":"Art"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Chemistry","url":"/core/browse-subjects/chemistry","ariaLabel":"Chemistry"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Classical Studies","url":"/core/browse-subjects/classical-studies","ariaLabel":"Classical Studies"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Computer Science","url":"/core/browse-subjects/computer-science","ariaLabel":"Computer Science"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies","url":"/core/browse-subjects/drama-and-theatre","ariaLabel":"Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies"}}],"column2Heading":" Subjects (E-K)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Earth and Environmental Science","url":"/core/browse-subjects/earth-and-environmental-sciences","ariaLabel":"Earth and Environmental Science"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Economics","url":"/core/browse-subjects/economics","ariaLabel":"Economics"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Education","url":"/core/browse-subjects/education","ariaLabel":"Education"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Engineering","url":"/core/browse-subjects/engineering","ariaLabel":"Engineering"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"English Language Teaching – Resources for Teachers","url":"/core/browse-subjects/english-language-teaching-resources-for-teachers","ariaLabel":"English Language Teaching – Resources for Teachers"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Film, Media, Mass Communication","url":"/core/browse-subjects/film-media-mass-ommunication","ariaLabel":"Film, Media, Mass Communication"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"General Science","url":"/core/browse-subjects/general-science","ariaLabel":"General Science"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Geography","url":"/core/browse-subjects/geography","ariaLabel":"Geography"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"History","url":"/core/browse-subjects/history","ariaLabel":"History"}}],"column3Heading":" Subjects (L-O)","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Language and Linguistics","url":"/core/browse-subjects/language-and-linguistics","ariaLabel":"Language and Linguistics"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Law","url":"/core/browse-subjects/law","ariaLabel":"Law"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Life Sciences","url":"/core/browse-subjects/life-sciences","ariaLabel":"Life Sciences"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Literature","url":"/core/browse-subjects/literature","ariaLabel":"Literature"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Management","url":"/core/browse-subjects/management","ariaLabel":"Management"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Materials Science","url":"/core/browse-subjects/materials-science","ariaLabel":"Materials Science"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Mathematics","url":"/core/browse-subjects/mathematics","ariaLabel":"Mathematics"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Medicine","url":"/core/browse-subjects/medicine","ariaLabel":"Medicine"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Music","url":"/core/browse-subjects/music","ariaLabel":"Music"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Nutrition","url":"/core/browse-subjects/nutrition","ariaLabel":"Nutrition"}}],"column4Heading":" Subjects (P-Z)","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Philosophy","url":"/core/browse-subjects/philosophy","ariaLabel":"Philosophy"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Physics and Astronomy","url":"/core/browse-subjects/physics","ariaLabel":"Physics and Astronomy"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Politics and International Relations","url":"/core/browse-subjects/politics-and-international-relations","ariaLabel":"Politics and International Relations"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Psychiatry","url":"/core/browse-subjects/psychiatry","ariaLabel":"Psychiatry"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Psychology","url":"/core/browse-subjects/psychology","ariaLabel":"Psychology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Religion","url":"/core/browse-subjects/religion","ariaLabel":"Religion"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Social Science Research Methods","url":"/core/browse-subjects/social-science-research-methods","ariaLabel":"Social Science Research Methods"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Sociology","url":"/core/browse-subjects/sociology","ariaLabel":"Sociology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Statistics and Probability","url":"/core/browse-subjects/statistics-and-probability","ariaLabel":"Statistics and Probability"}}],"slug":"subjects"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Open access","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access","url":"/core/publications/open-access","ariaLabel":"Open access"}},"column1Heading":"All open access publishing","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access","url":"/core/publications/open-access","ariaLabel":"Open access"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access journals","url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc","ariaLabel":"Open access journals"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Research open journals","url":"/core/publications/open-access/research-open?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc","ariaLabel":"Research open journals"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Journals containing open access","url":"/core/publications/open-access/hybrid-open-access-journals?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc","ariaLabel":"Journals containing open access"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access articles","url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL_ARTICLE","ariaLabel":"Open access articles"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access books","url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc","ariaLabel":"Open access books"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access Elements","url":"/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BopenAccess%5D%5Bfilters%5D=7275BA1E84CA769210167A6A66523B47&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493","ariaLabel":"Open access Elements"}}],"slug":"open-access"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Journals","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Journals","url":"/core/publications/journals","ariaLabel":"Journals"}},"column1Heading":"Explore","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"All journal subjects","url":"/core/publications/journals","ariaLabel":"All journal subjects"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Search journals","url":"/core/publications/journals","ariaLabel":"Search journals"}}],"column2Heading":"Open access","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access journals","url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc","ariaLabel":"Open access journals"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Research open journals","url":"/core/publications/open-access/research-open?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc","ariaLabel":"Research open journals"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Journals containing open access","url":"/core/publications/open-access/hybrid-open-access-journals?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL&statuses=PUBLISHED&sort=titleSort:asc","ariaLabel":"Journals containing open access"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access articles","url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=JOURNAL_ARTICLE","ariaLabel":"Open access articles"}}],"column3Heading":"Collections","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Forum","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-forum","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Forum"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Law Reports Collection","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-law-reports-collection","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Law Reports Collection"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Prisms","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Prisms"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Research Directions","url":"/core/publications/collections/research-directions","ariaLabel":"Research Directions"}}],"slug":"journals"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Books","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Books","url":"/core/publications/books","ariaLabel":"Books"}},"column1Heading":"Explore","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Books","url":"/core/publications/books","ariaLabel":"Books"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access books","url":"/core/publications/open-access/listing?aggs[productTypes][filters]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc","ariaLabel":"Open access books"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"New books","url":"/core/publications/books/listing?aggs[productDate][filters]=Last+3+months&aggs[productTypes][filters]=BOOK&sort=canonical.date:desc","ariaLabel":"New books"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Flip it Open","url":"/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open","ariaLabel":"Flip it Open"}}],"column2Heading":"Collections","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Companions","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-companions","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Companions"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Editions","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-editions","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Editions"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Histories","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-histories","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Histories"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Library Collection","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-library-collection","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Library Collection"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Shakespeare","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Shakespeare"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Handbooks","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridgehandbooks","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Handbooks"}}],"column3Heading":" Collections (cont.)","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Dispute Settlement Reports Online","url":"/core/publications/collections/dispute-settlement-reports-online","ariaLabel":"Dispute Settlement Reports Online"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Flip it Open","url":"/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open","ariaLabel":"Flip it Open"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Hemingway Letters","url":"/core/publications/collections/hemingway-letters","ariaLabel":"Hemingway Letters"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Shakespeare Survey","url":"/core/publications/collections/shakespeare-survey","ariaLabel":"Shakespeare Survey"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Stahl Online","url":"/core/publications/collections/stahl-online","ariaLabel":"Stahl Online"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"The Correspondence of Isaac Newton","url":"/core/publications/collections/the-correspondence-of-isaac-newton","ariaLabel":"The Correspondence of Isaac Newton"}}],"slug":"books"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Elements","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Elements","url":"/core/publications/elements","ariaLabel":"Elements"}},"column1Heading":"Explore","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"About Elements","url":"/core/publications/elements","ariaLabel":"About Elements"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Elements series","url":"/core/publications/elements/cambridge-elements-series","ariaLabel":"Elements series"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Open access Elements","url":"/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BopenAccess%5D%5Bfilters%5D=7275BA1E84CA769210167A6A66523B47&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493","ariaLabel":"Open access Elements"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"New Elements","url":"/core/publications/elements/published-elements?aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=ELEMENT&aggs%5BproductDate%5D%5Bfilters%5D=Last%203%20months&searchWithinIds=ECFD8F5C64F47F3F5A3D395C15B7C493","ariaLabel":"New Elements"}}],"column2Heading":"Subjects (A-E)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Anthropology","url":"/core/elements/subject/Anthropology/2E44A5AF2838E017617A26DD79FAEAEE","ariaLabel":"Anthropology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Archaeology","url":"/core/elements/subject/Archaeology/63A50B5368A9F97F8AA2D6AB965B5F4C","ariaLabel":"Archaeology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Classical Studies","url":"/core/elements/subject/Classical%20Studies/DDC63B7F5792FE2A95D1FB15F76E3F42","ariaLabel":"Classical Studies"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Computer Science","url":"/core/elements/subject/Computer%20Science/A57E10708F64FB69CE78C81A5C2A6555","ariaLabel":"Computer Science"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies","url":"/core/elements/subject/Drama,%20Theatre,%20Performance%20Studies/2825E4E39F2D641B36543EE80FB1DEA3","ariaLabel":"Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Earth and Environmental Sciences","url":"/core/elements/subject/Earth%20and%20Environmental%20Sciences/F470FBF5683D93478C7CAE5A30EF9AE8","ariaLabel":"Earth and Environmental Sciences"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Economics","url":"/core/elements/subject/Economics/FA44491F1F55F917C43E9832715B9DE7","ariaLabel":"Economics"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Education","url":"/core/elements/subject/Education/550D00F8DF590F2598CF7CC0038E24D1","ariaLabel":"Education"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Engineering","url":"/core/elements/subject/Engineering/CCC62FE56DCC1D050CA1340C1CCF46F5","ariaLabel":"Engineering"}}],"column3Heading":" Subjects (F-O)","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Film, Media, Mass Communication","url":"/core/elements/subject/Film,%20Media,%20Mass%20Communication/4B91F10E834814A90CE718E7831E492F","ariaLabel":"Film, Media, Mass Communication"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"History","url":"/core/elements/subject/History/66BE42A30172E280FDE64F8EE2F485B0","ariaLabel":"History"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Language and Linguistics","url":"/core/elements/subject/Language%20and%20Linguistics/140D314098408C26BDF3009F7FF858E9","ariaLabel":"Language and Linguistics"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Law","url":"/core/elements/subject/Law/7C9FB6788DD8D7E6696263BC774F4D5B","ariaLabel":"Law"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Life Sciences","url":"/core/elements/subject/Life%20Sciences/E044EF2F61B601378786E9EDA901B2D5","ariaLabel":"Life Sciences"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Literature","url":"/core/elements/subject/Literature/F2434ADC122145767C6C3B988A8E9BD5","ariaLabel":"Literature"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Management","url":"/core/elements/subject/Management/0EDCC0540639B06A5669BDEEF50C4CBE","ariaLabel":"Management"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Mathematics","url":"/core/elements/subject/Mathematics/FA1467C44B5BD46BB8AA6E58C2252153","ariaLabel":"Mathematics"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Medicine","url":"/core/elements/subject/Medicine/66FF02B2A4F83D9A645001545197F287","ariaLabel":"Medicine"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Music","url":"/core/elements/subject/Music/A370B5604591CB3C7F9AFD892DDF7BD1","ariaLabel":"Music"}}],"column4Heading":" Subjects (P-Z)","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Philosophy","url":"/core/elements/subject/Philosophy/2D1AC3C0E174F1F1A93F8C7DE19E0FAB","ariaLabel":"Philosophy"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Physics and Astronomy","url":"/core/elements/subject/Physics%20and%20Astronomy/DBFB610E9FC5E012C011430C0573CC06","ariaLabel":"Physics and Astronomy"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Politics and International Relations","url":"/core/elements/subject/Politics%20and%20International%20Relations/3BF83347E5E456DAC34F3FABFC8BBF4E","ariaLabel":"Politics and International Relations"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Psychology","url":"/core/elements/subject/Psychology/21B42A72BA3E4CB0E3315E5B1B71B07F","ariaLabel":"Psychology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Religion","url":"/core/elements/subject/Religion/53E51D24FB488962B9364A2C4B45D1C3","ariaLabel":"Religion"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Sociology","url":"/core/elements/subject/Sociology/0E2CD53A93003DF17E52D753F6E90683","ariaLabel":"Sociology"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Statistics and Probability","url":"/core/elements/subject/Statistics%20and%20Probability/3150B8B0D1B0B4E8DC17EC9EDFD9CA26","ariaLabel":"Statistics and Probability"}}],"slug":"elements"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Textbooks","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Textbooks","url":"/core/publications/textbooks","ariaLabel":"Textbooks"}},"column1Heading":"Explore","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Higher Education","url":"/highereducation/","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Higher Education"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Title list","url":"/highereducation/services/librarians/title-list","ariaLabel":"Title list"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"New titles","url":"/highereducation/search?sortBy=publication_date&aggs=%24productDate%24Last%25206%2520months%3Atrue%26Last%252012%2520months%3Atrue%26Last%25203%2520years%3Atrue%26Over%25203%2520years%3Atrue%3B%3B&event=SE-AU_PREF","ariaLabel":"New titles"}}],"slug":"textbooks"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Collections","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Collections","url":"/core/publications/collections","ariaLabel":"Collections"}},"column1Heading":"Book collections","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Companions","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-companions","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Companions"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Editions","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-editions","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Editions"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Histories","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-histories","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Histories"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Library Collection","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-library-collection","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Library Collection"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Shakespeare","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Shakespeare"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Handbooks","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridgehandbooks","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Handbooks"}}],"column2Heading":" Book collections (cont.)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Dispute Settlement Reports Online","url":"/core/publications/collections/dispute-settlement-reports-online","ariaLabel":"Dispute Settlement Reports Online"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Flip it Open","url":"/core/publications/collections/flip-it-open","ariaLabel":"Flip it Open"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Hemingway Letters","url":"/core/publications/collections/hemingway-letters","ariaLabel":"Hemingway Letters"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Shakespeare Survey","url":"/core/publications/collections/shakespeare-survey","ariaLabel":"Shakespeare Survey"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Stahl Online","url":"/core/publications/collections/stahl-online","ariaLabel":"Stahl Online"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"The Correspondence of Isaac Newton","url":"/core/publications/collections/the-correspondence-of-isaac-newton","ariaLabel":"The Correspondence of Isaac Newton"}}],"column3Heading":"Journal collections","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Forum","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-forum","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Forum"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Law Reports Collection","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-law-reports-collection","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Law Reports Collection"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Prisms","url":"/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Prisms"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Research Directions","url":"/core/publications/collections/research-directions","ariaLabel":"Research Directions"}}],"column4Heading":"Series","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"All series","url":"/core/publications/collections/series","ariaLabel":"All series"}}],"slug":"collections"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Partners","hubPage":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Publishing partners","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners","ariaLabel":"Publishing partners"}},"column1Heading":"Partners","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Agenda Publishing","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/agenda-publishing","ariaLabel":"Agenda Publishing"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Amsterdam University Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/amsterdam-university-press","ariaLabel":"Amsterdam University Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Anthem Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/anthem-press","ariaLabel":"Anthem Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Boydell & Brewer","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/boydell-brewer","ariaLabel":"Boydell & Brewer"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Bristol University Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/bristol-university-press","ariaLabel":"Bristol University Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Edinburgh University Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/edinburgh-university-press","ariaLabel":"Edinburgh University Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/emirates-center","ariaLabel":"Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Facet Publishing","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/facet-publishing","ariaLabel":"Facet Publishing"}}],"column2Heading":" Partners (cont.)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Foundation Books","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/foundation-books","ariaLabel":"Foundation Books"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Intersentia","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/intersentia","ariaLabel":"Intersentia"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/iseas","ariaLabel":"ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Jagiellonian University Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/jagiellonian-university-press","ariaLabel":"Jagiellonian University Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Royal Economic Society","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/royal-economic-society","ariaLabel":"Royal Economic Society"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Unisa Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/unisa-press","ariaLabel":"Unisa Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"The University of Adelaide Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/university-adelaide-press","ariaLabel":"The University of Adelaide Press"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Wits University Press","url":"/core/publications/publishing-partners/wits-university-press","ariaLabel":"Wits University Press"}}],"slug":"partners"}}]}},{"name":"navigationBarCategory","value":{"title":"Services","navigationBarArea":[{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"About","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"About","pageBlurb":"Cambridge Core is the home of academic content from Cambridge University Press. Built with our users in mind our online platform has been designed to help readers and researchers to make fast and easy journeys to a vast range of valuable content. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"about","introTitle":"About","introText":"Cambridge Core is the home of academic content from Cambridge University Press. Built with our users in mind our online platform has been designed to help readers and researchers to make fast and easy journeys to a vast range of valuable content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},"column1Heading":"About Cambridge Core","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"About","pageBlurb":"Cambridge Core is the home of academic content from Cambridge University Press. Built with our users in mind our online platform has been designed to help readers and researchers to make fast and easy journeys to a vast range of valuable content. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"about","introTitle":"About","introText":"Cambridge Core is the home of academic content from Cambridge University Press. Built with our users in mind our online platform has been designed to help readers and researchers to make fast and easy journeys to a vast range of valuable content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Accessibility","pageBlurb":"We want everyone who visits Cambridge Core to feel welcome and find the experience rewarding.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"accessibility","introTitle":"Accessibility","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"CrossMark policy","pageBlurb":"By applying the CrossMark logo, Cambridge University Press is committing to maintaining the content it publishes and to alerting readers to changes if and when they occur. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"crossmark-policy","introTitle":"CrossMark policy","introText":"CrossMark is a multi-publisher initiative to provide a standard way for readers to locate the current version of a piece of content. By applying the CrossMark logo, Cambridge University Press is committing to maintaining the content it publishes and to alerting readers to changes if and when they occur. Clicking on the CrossMark logo will tell you the current status of a document and may also give you additional publication record information about the document.","areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Ethical Standards","pageBlurb":"As a leading publisher of scholarly journals and books, Cambridge University Press is committed to meeting high standards of ethical behaviour at all stages of the publication process. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"ethical-standards","introTitle":"Ethical Standards","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}}],"column2Heading":"Environment and sustainability","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Environment and sustainability","pageBlurb":"At Cambridge, we publish research and share knowledge that informs, educates, and inspires others to drive positive environmental change.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"environment-and-sustainability","introTitle":"Environment and sustainability","introText":"At Cambridge, we publish research and share knowledge that informs, educates, and inspires others to drive positive environmental change.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Reducing print","pageBlurb":"As a department of the University of Cambridge, we are committed to reducing our carbon footprint. A significant reduction to the print component of our journals publishing activity will be a key element of realising this commitment. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"reducing-print","introTitle":"Reducing print","introText":"As a department of the University of Cambridge, we are committed to reducing our carbon footprint. A significant reduction to the print component of our journals publishing activity will be a key element of realising this commitment. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journals moving to online only","pageBlurb":"As we work to reduce print in our journal publishing, more of our journals are moving to online only.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"journals-moving-to-online-only","introTitle":"Journals moving to online only","introText":"As we work to reduce print in our journal publishing, more of our journals are moving to online only.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}}],"column3Heading":"Guides","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"User guides","pageBlurb":"Below you will find a range of video user guides to help you navigate and use accounts on Cambridge Core.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"user-guides","introTitle":"User guides","introText":"Below you will find a range of video user guides to help you navigate and use accounts on Cambridge Core.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"User Guides and Videos","pageBlurb":"The content in the page offers video guidance to help you make full use of the features available on Cambridge Core.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"user-guides-and-videos","introTitle":"User Guides and Videos","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Support Videos","pageBlurb":"For helpful content to support your Transformative Agreement for librarians and administrators, check out our LIVE WORKSHOP recording and slide deck below.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"support-videos","introTitle":"Support Videos","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Training","pageBlurb":"Welcome to Training Services for Cambridge Core. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"training","introTitle":"Training","introText":"Welcome to Training Services for Cambridge Core! ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["about"]}}],"column4Heading":"Help","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Cambridge Core help","url":"https://corehelp.cambridge.org/","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Core help pages"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Contact us","url":"https://corehelp.cambridge.org/hc/en-gb/p/contact-information","ariaLabel":"This will take you to a contact form for technical support","pageBlurb":"Visit our knowledge bases and contact our Technical Support team for direct help and support with any technical issues or questions you may have","thumbnailImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Technical support","url":"https://corehelp.cambridge.org/hc/en-gb/requests/new","ariaLabel":"Technical support diagnostics report"}}],"slug":"about"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Agents","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Services for agents","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press is pleased to work with subscription agents in every country, whether those agents are multinational or specialised local companies.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"services-for-agents","introTitle":"Services for agents","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["agents"]}},"column1Heading":"Services for agents","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Services for agents","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press is pleased to work with subscription agents in every country, whether those agents are multinational or specialised local companies.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"services-for-agents","introTitle":"Services for agents","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["agents"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journals for agents","pageBlurb":"Cambridge is pleased to work with subscription agents in every country, whether those agents are multinational or specialised local companies. We now offer full content access to all Cambridge journals on Cambridge Core, including back issues.","linkImage":{"title":"GettyImages-2148427272","description":"A row of books on a metal, library style, bookshelf. the books are view from the rear and a hand is reaching and picking a book.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1BYMYdALXI4YZz9sJKegO1/0c50d6ede207418c796a9b5691b5c20a/GettyImages-2148427272.jpg","details":{"size":185617,"image":{"width":1536,"height":1024}},"fileName":"GettyImages-2148427272.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A row of books on a metal, library style, bookshelf. the books are view from the rear and a hand is reaching and picking a book.","slug":"journals-for-agents","introTitle":"Journals for agents","introText":"Cambridge is pleased to work with subscription agents in every country, whether those agents are multinational or specialised local companies. We now offer full content access to all Cambridge journals on Cambridge Core, including access to back issues.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["agents"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Books for agents","pageBlurb":"There are a number of different ebook purchasing options available on Cambridge Core to suit all your needs.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"books-for-agents","introTitle":"Books for agents","introText":"There are a number of different ebook purchasing options available on Cambridge Core to suit all your needs.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["agents"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Price list","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press 2025 price lists for journals, books and Elements. For subscription agents and academic institutions.","linkImage":{"title":"GettyImages-2148427272","description":"A row of books on a metal, library style, bookshelf. the books are view from the rear and a hand is reaching and picking a book.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1BYMYdALXI4YZz9sJKegO1/0c50d6ede207418c796a9b5691b5c20a/GettyImages-2148427272.jpg","details":{"size":185617,"image":{"width":1536,"height":1024}},"fileName":"GettyImages-2148427272.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A row of books on a metal, library style, bookshelf. the books are view from the rear and a hand is reaching and picking a book.","slug":"price-list","introTitle":"Price list","introText":"Cambridge University Press 2025 price lists for journals, books and Elements. For subscription agents and academic institutions.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians","agents"]}}],"slug":"agents"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Authors","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Authors","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press works closely with the global academic community to deliver the highest quality, peer-reviewed content, as well as a portfolio of innovative tools and services to advance learning and research.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"authors","introTitle":"Authors","introText":"Cambridge University Press works closely with the global academic community to deliver the highest quality, peer-reviewed content, as well as a portfolio of innovative tools and services to advance learning and research.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":[]}},"column1Heading":"Journals","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journals","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press is proud to publish many of the world's leading journals across a wide range of subject areas in the humanities, social sciences and STM fields. We currently publish more than 400 peer-reviewed academic journals.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"journals","introTitle":"Journals","introText":"Cambridge University Press is proud to publish many of the world's leading journals across a wide range of subject areas in the humanities, social sciences and STM fields. We currently publish more than 400 peer-reviewed academic journals.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journal publishing statistics","pageBlurb":"During 2022 we are updating our journal home pages to provide new statistics on each journal's publishing activity. On this page we provide some information about how these statistics are calculated.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"journal-publishing-statistics","introTitle":"Journal publishing statistics","introText":"During 2022 we are updating our journal home pages to provide new statistics on each journal's publishing activity. On this page we provide some information about how these statistics are calculated.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Corresponding author","pageBlurb":"The Corresponding Author is the person who handles the manuscript and correspondence during the publication process, including approving the article proofs.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"corresponding-author","introTitle":"Corresponding author","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Seeking permission to use copyrighted material","pageBlurb":"If your article contains any material in which you do not own copyright, including figures, charts, tables, photographs or excerpts of text, you must obtain permission from the copyright holder to reuse that material.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"seeking-permission-to-use-copyrighted-material","introTitle":"Seeking permission to use copyrighted material","introText":"If your article contains any material in which you do not own copyright, including figures, charts, tables, photographs or excerpts of text, you must obtain permission from the copyright holder to reuse that material. As the author it is your responsibility to obtain this permission and pay any related fees, and you will need to send us a copy of each permission statement at acceptance.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing supplementary material","pageBlurb":"Supplementary materials are hosted online with the main article, and can include data sets, video files, sound clips, figures or tables.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"publishing-supplementary-material","introTitle":"Publishing supplementary material","introText":"Many of our journals encourage authors to submit and publish supplementary materials that are not essential for inclusion or cannot be accommodated in the main article, but would be of benefit to the reader. Supplementary materials are hosted online with the main article, and can include data sets, video files, sound clips, figures or tables. The main text of the article should stand alone without the supplementary material.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Writing an effective abstract","pageBlurb":"The title, abstract, and keywords you select for your manuscript play an important part in the discovery of your article after publication. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"writing-an-effective-abstract","introTitle":"Writing an effective abstract","introText":"The title, abstract, and keywords you select for your manuscript play an important part in the discovery of your article after publication. Since many researchers rely on search engines such as Google to find content relevant to their field, the careful selection of keywords in all of these can have a large impact on the life of an article, extending from readership through citation.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journal production - FAQs","pageBlurb":"If you have any questions on the production of your article check out our frequently asked questions.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"journal-production-faqs","introTitle":"Journal production - FAQs","introText":"Please click on a question below to go directly to the answer. If your question is not covered here, please direct it to your chosen journal’s editor or content manager.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}}],"column2Heading":"Journals (cont.)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Author affiliations","pageBlurb":"Author affiliations FAQs. A guide to determining, submitting and the display of your affiliations as a Cambridge journal author.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"author-affiliations","introTitle":"Author affiliations","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Co-reviewing policy","pageBlurb":"In journals that allow co-reviewing, an invited reviewer can work with a more junior colleague to review a manuscript for the purpose of reviewer training.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"co-reviewing-policy","introTitle":"Co-reviewing policy","introText":"In journals that allow co-reviewing, an invited reviewer can work with a more junior colleague to review a manuscript for the purpose of reviewer training. This allows the co-reviewer to gain experience with the review process and become a viable reviewer for a journal.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Digital Author Publishing Agreement - FAQs","pageBlurb":"Find out more about our digital author publishing agreements by checking out our frequently asked questions. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"digital-author-publishing-agreement-faqs","introTitle":"Digital Author Publishing Agreement FAQs","introText":"Click on a question below to see the corresponding answer. If your question is not covered here, please direct it to our author contracts team.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Anonymising your manuscript","pageBlurb":"To maintain this anonymity, authors will need to remove any details that may reveal their identity from their manuscript, before it is reviewed.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"anonymising-your-manuscript","introTitle":"Anonymising your manuscript","introText":"Some of our journals use a double-anonymous peer review process, meaning neither the author nor the reviewers know the identity of each other. To maintain this anonymity, authors will need to remove any details that may reveal their identity from their manuscript, before it is reviewed.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing open access","pageBlurb":"Publishing your research Gold Open Access (Gold OA) helps to advance discovery by allowing anyone, anywhere to find, read, and benefit from your research.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"publishing-open-access","introTitle":"Publishing open access","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Converting your article to open access","pageBlurb":"Find information about publishing your article as open access","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"converting-your-article-to-open-access","introTitle":"Converting your article to open access","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing Open Access - webinars","pageBlurb":"This session focuses on the basics of Open Access (OA) and presents evidence of the increased impact of choosing this option.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"publishing-open-access-webinars","introTitle":"Publishing Open Access - webinars","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}}],"column3Heading":"Journals (cont.)","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Preparing and submitting your paper","pageBlurb":"Each journal published by Cambridge University Press is unique, pursuing a specific set of editorial aims.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"preparing-and-submitting-your-paper","introTitle":"Preparing and submitting your paper","introText":"Each journal published by Cambridge University Press is unique, pursuing a specific set of editorial aims. We strongly encourage authors to read the Instructions for Contributors document associated with their chosen journal as early as possible during the manuscript preparation process, to ensure full understanding of the journal's audience and scope. This document can be found via the homepage of each journal on Cambridge Core.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing an accepted paper","pageBlurb":"Once a paper is accepted by a journal's editor(s) it will be sent to Cambridge University Press to be prepared for publication. Efficiency, accuracy and quality are at the heart of this process.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"publishing-an-accepted-paper","introTitle":"Publishing an accepted paper","introText":"Once a paper is accepted by a journal's editor(s) it will be sent to Cambridge University Press to be prepared for publication. Efficiency, accuracy and quality are at the heart of this process. Authors will have access to a dedicated content manager, who will be available to answer questions and offer support as their article progresses through the steps towards publication.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Promoting your published paper","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press is committed to making sure your paper reaches a broad international audience in order to maximise its scholarly impact. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"promoting-your-published-paper","introTitle":"Promoting your published paper","introText":"Cambridge University Press is committed to making sure your paper reaches a broad international audience in order to maximise its scholarly impact. Our marketing team runs regular promotions through a wide variety of marketing channels and Cambridge Core is designed to make your article easy to discover, access, read and cite.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Measuring impact","pageBlurb":"This page explains the most common metrics used within scholarly publishing to measure impact at a journal level.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"measuring-impact","introTitle":"Measuring impact","introText":"This page explains the most common metrics used within scholarly publishing to measure impact at a journal level.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journals artwork guide","pageBlurb":"This guide will explain how to effectively prepare your artwork for electronic submission to our journals. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"journals-artwork-guide","introTitle":"Journals artwork guide","introText":"Submitting your illustrations, pictures and other artwork (such as multimedia and supplementary files) in an electronic format helps us produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity, accessibility, and a high level of detail.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Using ORCID","pageBlurb":"ORCID is a not-for-profit organization governed by an elected board. It provides a persistent digital identifier (an ORCID ID) for individual researchers.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"using-orcid","introTitle":"Using ORCID","introText":"ORCID is a not-for-profit organization governed by an elected board. It provides a persistent digital identifier (an ORCID ID) for individual researchers, and a registry of those identifiers, to support automated linkages between researchers and their professional activities and affiliations, through integration in research workflows such as manuscript and grant submission.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}}],"column4Heading":"Books","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Books","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press works closely with the global academic community to deliver the highest quality, peer-reviewed content, as well as a portfolio of innovative tools and services to advance learning and research.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"books","introTitle":"Books","introText":"Cambridge University Press works closely with the global academic community to deliver the highest quality, peer-reviewed content, as well as a portfolio of innovative tools and services to advance learning and research. Together with Cambridge University, our mission is to advance the work of researchers, students, lecturers, and librarians worldwide.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Marketing your book","pageBlurb":"Cambridge provides marketing support across all relevant channels and will work closely with your Editor and the Sales team to ensure that your book reaches its target audience.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"marketing-your-book","introTitle":"Marketing your book","introText":"You will be assigned a dedicated Marketing Specialist who will be in touch soon to discuss the marketing plans for your book. They will provide marketing support across all relevant channels and will work closely with your Editor and the Sales team to ensure that your book reaches its target audience.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Author guides for Cambridge Elements","pageBlurb":"Cambridge Elements user guides. Author guides, FAQs and style guides: find all the information about writing Cambridge Elements here.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"elements-user-guides","introTitle":"User guides for Cambridge Elements","introText":"Cambridge Elements user guides. Author guides, FAQs and style guides: find all the information about writing Cambridge Elements here.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["authors"]}}],"slug":"authors"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Corporates","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Services for corporates","pageBlurb":"Discover more about commercial reprints, advertising, sponsorship, special sales, foreign rights and permissions.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"services-for-corporates","introTitle":"Services for corporates","contentBlocks":[],"areas":[]}},"column1Heading":"Corporates","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Commercial reprints","pageBlurb":"Providing hard copy and electronic reprints of articles in the majority of our journals. Our commercial sales team can provide quotes for permission to translate articles and the reuse of our journal content for a corporate client.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"commercial-reprints","introTitle":"Commercial reprints","introText":"Cambridge University Press provides hard copy and electronic reprints of articles in the majority of our journals. Our commercial sales team can also provide quotes for permission to translate articles and any other permission that involves the reuse of our journal content for a corporate client.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["corporates"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Advertising","pageBlurb":"With over 400 titles to choose from, our extensive list of journals – spanning 45 subject areas – means you will always reach your target audience.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"advertising","introTitle":"Advertising","introText":"With over 400 titles to choose from, our extensive list of journals – spanning 45 subject areas – means you will always reach your target audience.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["corporates"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Sponsorship","pageBlurb":"Sponsorship of journals, supplements, special or themed issues, collections and questions allows your organisation to work with Cambridge University Press Publishing.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"sponsorship","introTitle":"Sponsorship","introText":"Sponsorship of journals, supplements, special or themed issues, collections and questions allows your organisation to work with Cambridge University Press Publishing.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["corporates"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Book special sales","pageBlurb":"We offer a range of flexible print and digital customisation options to suit your organization’s needs.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"book-special-sales","introTitle":"Book special sales","introText":"We offer a range of flexible print and digital customisation options to suit your organization’s needs, working with not-for-profit organisations, educational institutions, corporate customers and pharmaceutical companies to creating co-branded editions with our partners.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["corporates"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Contact us","pageBlurb":"Contact Cambridge University Press for Book special sales, advertising, sponsorship and commercial reprints.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"contact-us","introTitle":"Contact us","introText":"Contact Cambridge University Press for Book special sales, advertising, sponsorship and commercial reprints.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["corporates"]}}],"slug":"corporates"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Editors","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Editors","pageBlurb":"EditorTo empower our editors as advocates we provide dedicated tools, support and training throughout the publishing process, to raise journal visibility and cement its reputation in the field.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"editors","introTitle":"Editors","introText":"Editors make important contributions to the research community and ensure their journals feature work of the highest calibre. To empower our editors as advocates we provide dedicated tools, support and training throughout the publishing process, to raise journal visibility and cement its reputation in the field.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":[]}},"column1Heading":"Information","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journal development","pageBlurb":"The editor is the journal’s ambassador, here are some of the ways to support the journal's development.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"journal-development","introTitle":"Journal development","introText":"Supporting the journal. The editor is the journal’s ambassador, here are some of the ways to support the journal's development:","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Peer review for editors","pageBlurb":"An Online Peer Review System (OPRS), works to help editors carry out the peer review process. A submission is anonymised before being uploaded to allow for unbiased assessment. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"peer-review-for-editors","introTitle":"Peer review for editors","introText":"An Online Peer Review System (OPRS), works to help editors carry out the peer review process. A submission is anonymised before being uploaded to allow for unbiased assessment. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access for editors","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) is an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"open-access-for-editors","introTitle":"Open access for editors","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Policies and guidelines","pageBlurb":"At Cambridge University Press, the integrity of our academic content and publishing process is paramount, and as our editors, you are our partners in supporting this mission. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"policies-and-guidelines","introTitle":"Policies and guidelines","introText":"At Cambridge University Press, the integrity of our academic content and publishing process is paramount, and as our editors, you are our partners in supporting this mission. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}}],"column2Heading":"Resources","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"The editor's role","pageBlurb":"Our editors ensure that their journals continue to evolve and have an impact on their research field.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"the-editors-role","introTitle":"The editor's role","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open research for editors","pageBlurb":"Open research refers to a range of practices that are dramatically improving how researchers are publishing and sharing their work.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"open-research-for-editors","introTitle":"Open research for editors","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Engagement and promotion","pageBlurb":"There are a number of ways an editor can support the visibility and dissemination of their journal(s).","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"engagement-and-promotion","introTitle":"Engagement and promotion","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Blogging","pageBlurb":"Blogs are great for profiling new and exciting research or features in the journal. It is also a key way to attract search traffic.","linkImage":{"title":"A Guide to Blogging","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/5sLUiDKTGCXxU9GKcPcHSA/36bf1c9ca78ae1e2a47293d27fb32647/A_Guide_to_Blogging.png","details":{"size":56411,"image":{"width":1824,"height":894}},"fileName":"A Guide to Blogging.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Editor Resources A Guide to Blogging","slug":"blogging","introTitle":"Blogging","introText":"Blogs are great for profiling new and exciting research or features in the journal. It is also a key way to attract search traffic.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Social media","pageBlurb":"Social media is a great way to raise the profile and visibility of your journal. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"social-media","introTitle":"Social media","introText":"Social media is a great way to raise the profile and visibility of your journal. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["editors"]}}],"slug":"editors"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Librarians","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Librarians","pageBlurb":"Cambridge Core has primarily been designed to help your readers and researchers to make fast and easy journeys to valuable content.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"librarians","introTitle":"Librarians","contentBlocks":[],"areas":[]}},"column1Heading":"Information","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open Access for Librarians","pageBlurb":"Welcome to your librarian hub for Open Access at Cambridge University Press. Open Access (OA) can be quite daunting, so we've created this page to help you navigate our different resources.","linkImage":{"title":"OA Librarian Website Header Banner","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/6eyfpqZUi4KEeOt7lsGKJg/41ef6beae2eee1a8304a95313aa08b64/OA-Librarian-Website-Header-Banner-Image-1-1500x300.jpg","details":{"size":348959,"image":{"width":1500,"height":300}},"fileName":"OA-Librarian-Website-Header-Banner-Image-1-1500x300.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Open Access for Librarians: get all your information about OA from Cambridge","slug":"open-access-for-librarians","introTitle":"Open Access for Librarians","introText":"Welcome to your librarian hub for Open Access at Cambridge University Press. Open Access (OA) can be quite daunting, so we've created this page to help you navigate our different resources. Learn about our OA policies, what we publish OA and how you can support your institution when publishing OA journals, books, monographs and Elements.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Transformative agreements","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/read-and-publish-agreements","ariaLabel":"Transformative agreements"}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Transformative Agreements - FAQs","pageBlurb":"A transformative agreement is the combined provision of two services for one cost: OA publishing and reading access to all subscription journals.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"transformative-agreements-faqs","introTitle":"Transformative Agreements - FAQs","introText":"A transformative agreement is the combined provision of two services for one cost: OA publishing and reading access to all subscription journals.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Evidence based acquisition","pageBlurb":"Academic institutions can access Cambridge University Press ebook collections via an EBA - access more than 50,000 titles published by Cambridge and our publishing partners, before making decisions on which titles to buy in perpetuity. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"evidence-based-acquisition","introTitle":"Evidence based acquisition","introText":"Academic institutions can now access Cambridge University Press ebook collections via an EBA. Under this model, institutions are given access to an extensive online collection of more than 50,000 titles published by Cambridge and our publishing partners, before making decisions on which titles to buy in perpetuity. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"ebook news & updates","pageBlurb":"Welcome to your Cambridge University Press ebooks hub. This is your single reference page where you can learn the latest news on ebooks and Cambridge Core platform updates. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"ebook-news-and-updates","introTitle":"ebook news & updates","introText":"Welcome to your Cambridge University Press ebooks hub. This is your single reference page where you can learn the latest news on ebooks and Cambridge Core platform updates. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge libraries of the world podcast","pageBlurb":"A brand-new podcast series for librarians to listen to and learn about topics at the heart of academic discourse, via interviews conducted with professors, researchers, students, librarians, and Cambridge personnel.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"cambridge-libraries-of-the-world-podcast","introTitle":"Cambridge libraries of the world podcast","introText":"A brand-new podcast series for librarians to listen to and learn about topics at the heart of academic discourse, via interviews conducted with professors, researchers, students, librarians, and Cambridge personnel. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Purchasing models","pageBlurb":"Discover more about the purchasing options available to institutions for the content hosted on Cambridge Core.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"purchasing-models","introTitle":"Purchasing models","introText":"Below are a number of different purchasing options available to institutions for the content hosted on Cambridge Core.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journals Publishing Updates","pageBlurb":"Another year of development for Cambridge University Press's journals publishing sees big changes coming for 2025.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"journals-publishing-updates","introTitle":"Journals Publishing Updates","introText":"Another year of development for Cambridge University Press's journals publishing sees big changes coming for 2025. Below is a preview of our list changes, including our new titles, titles that are converting to an open access publishing model, and details of our new series.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}}],"column2Heading":"Products","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge frontlist","pageBlurb":"Our 2024 ebook collection contains the most recent, award-winning publishing from Cambridge University Press.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"cambridge-frontlist","introTitle":"Cambridge frontlist","introText":"Our 2024 ebook collection contains the most recent, award-winning publishing from Cambridge University Press.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge journals digital archive","pageBlurb":"The Cambridge journals digital archive provides instant online access to two centuries of academic excellence and publishing history from Cambridge University Press. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"cambridge-journals-digital-archive","introTitle":"Cambridge journals digital archive","introText":"The Cambridge journals digital archive provides instant online access to two centuries of academic excellence and publishing history from Cambridge University Press. Our constantly growing digital archive takes knowledge off the shelf and makes it readily available online, alongside our current Cambridge Core content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Hot topics","pageBlurb":"Hot Topics from Cambridge are a series of bespoke ebook collections reflecting the latest research trends.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"hot-topics","introTitle":"Hot topics","introText":"Hot Topics from Cambridge are a series of bespoke ebook collections comprising titles from across a wide range of subjects, created to reflect the latest research trends. Drawing from the humanities and social sciences, in addition to the science, technology and medical disciplines, the collections highlight Cambridge’s depth of publishing.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Other digital products","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press publishes a wide variety of academic content online, some of which currently sits on other platforms.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"other-digital-products","introTitle":"Other digital products","introText":"Cambridge University Press publishes a wide variety of academic content online, some of which currently sits on other platforms.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Perpetual access products","pageBlurb":"Gain perpetual access to Cambridge University Press resources for a one-time payment. Details of products an offers can be found on this page.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"perpetual-access-products","introTitle":"Perpetual access products","introText":"Gain perpetual access to Cambridge University Press resources for a one-time payment. Details of products an offers can be found on this page.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Price list","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press 2025 price lists for journals, books and Elements. For subscription agents and academic institutions.","linkImage":{"title":"GettyImages-2148427272","description":"A row of books on a metal, library style, bookshelf. the books are view from the rear and a hand is reaching and picking a book.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1BYMYdALXI4YZz9sJKegO1/0c50d6ede207418c796a9b5691b5c20a/GettyImages-2148427272.jpg","details":{"size":185617,"image":{"width":1536,"height":1024}},"fileName":"GettyImages-2148427272.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A row of books on a metal, library style, bookshelf. the books are view from the rear and a hand is reaching and picking a book.","slug":"price-list","introTitle":"Price list","introText":"Cambridge University Press 2025 price lists for journals, books and Elements. For subscription agents and academic institutions.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians","agents"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Developing country programme","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press has been working to improve the lives of people living in less economically developed parts of the world for nearly 500 years.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"developing-country-programme","introTitle":"Developing country programme","introText":"Cambridge University Press has been working to improve the lives of people living in less economically developed parts of the world for nearly 500 years.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"New content","pageBlurb":"Discover new books and journals published by Cambridge University Press on Cambridge Core. Including information on titles moving to online only.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"new-content","introTitle":"New content","introText":"Discover new books and journals published by Cambridge University Press on Cambridge Core. Including information on titles moving to online only.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}}],"column3Heading":"Tools","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Eligibility checker","url":"/core/eligibility-checker","ariaLabel":"Eligibility checker"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Transformative agreements","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/read-and-publish-agreements","ariaLabel":"Transformative agreements"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"KBART","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/librarians/kbart","ariaLabel":"KBART"}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"MARC records","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/librarians/marc-records","ariaLabel":"MARC records"}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Using MARCEdit for MARC records","pageBlurb":"Using MARCEdit for MARC records. To open/use MARC records from Cambridge Core, we recommend you use MARCEdit.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"using-marcedit-for-marc-records","introTitle":"Using MARCEdit for MARC records","introText":"Using MARCEdit for MARC records. To open/use MARC records from Cambridge Core, we recommend you use MARCEdit.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Inbound OpenURL specifications","pageBlurb":"Specifications to link directly to an article, book, chapter or journal page on Cambridge Core using an OpenURL link.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"inbound-openurl-specifications","introTitle":"Inbound OpenURL specifications","introText":"Use the following specifications to link directly to an article, book, chapter or journal page on Cambridge Core using an OpenURL link.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"COUNTER report types","pageBlurb":"A librarian guide to COUNTER reporting and report types, as well as turnaway reports for books and journals.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"counter-report-types","introTitle":"COUNTER report types","introText":"A librarian guide to COUNTER reporting and report types, as well as turnaway reports for books and journals.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}}],"column4Heading":"Resources","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Catalogues and resources","pageBlurb":"Discover resources that have been created to help you get the most value out of content on Cambridge Core. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"catalogues-and-resources","introTitle":"Catalogues and resources","introText":"These resources have been created to help you get the most value out of content on Cambridge Core. By promoting your Cambridge publications, you can increase usage and help readers discover new titles.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Making the most of your EBA","pageBlurb":"Evidence Based Acquisition (EBA) is an ebook purchase model that allows you to make informed decisions about which titles to own based on usage data.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"making-the-most-of-your-eba","introTitle":"Making the most of your EBA","introText":"Evidence Based Acquisition (EBA) is an ebook purchase model that allows you to make informed decisions about which titles to own based on usage data. We want to make sure that your EBA with Cambridge is a success, so we’ve put together a selection of resources to help with both raising awareness and ensuring discoverability of content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Posters","pageBlurb":"Below are all posters for ebooks and journals available for you to download in two sizes - A3 and A4.","linkImage":{"title":"Posters","description":"An image showing the walkway between bookshelves in a library. The word \"Posters\" is superimposed over. ","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/3gpLCEAqNNQ89VoZWA6Aot/6ee8948bc1bd70553b19070431fc0818/Posters.jpg","details":{"size":64672,"image":{"width":424,"height":305}},"fileName":"Posters.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image showing the walkway between bookshelves in a library. The word \"Posters\" is superimposed over. ","slug":"posters","introTitle":"Posters","introText":"Below are all posters for ebooks and journals available for you to download in two sizes - A3 and A4.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Leaflets and brochures","pageBlurb":"View and download our latest leaflets, brochures and catalogues, for products and resources, on Cambridge Core.","linkImage":{"title":"leaflets-and-brochures","description":"A close up of fingertips holding a ballpoint pen. The pen hovers about a notepad. Superimposed are the words \"Leaflets & Brochures\".","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/2vuFy7rj3ER6B7sH4iCAQW/f6ba1d6a1e00c2dbbf6e36e83a082e22/leaflets-and-brochures.jpg","details":{"size":42247,"image":{"width":424,"height":305}},"fileName":"leaflets-and-brochures.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A close up of fingertips holding a ballpoint pen. The pen hovers about a notepad. Superimposed are the words \"Leaflets & Brochures\".","slug":"leaflets-and-brochures","introTitle":"Leaflets and brochures","introText":"View and download our latest leaflets, brochures and catalogues, for products and resources, on Cambridge Core.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Additional resources","pageBlurb":"Download the Cambridge Core desktop background and logo to use on your library screens and in publicity material.","linkImage":{"title":"Additional-resources","description":"A close up of hands typing on a computer keyboard. Superimposed over the image are the words \"Additional Resources\". ","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7IT9biHnN2eHG5WfwB7zmU/5cf73c7ade25233f31c709e359b2f78c/Additional-resources.jpg","details":{"size":39706,"image":{"width":424,"height":305}},"fileName":"Additional-resources.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A close up of hands typing on a computer keyboard. Superimposed over the image are the words \"Additional Resources\". ","slug":"additional-resources","introTitle":"Additional resources","introText":"Download the Cambridge Core desktop background and logo to use on your library screens and in publicity material.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Find my sales contact","pageBlurb":"Please find your sales contacts below by the appropriate region. Alternatively you can send general enquiries.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"find-my-sales-contact","introTitle":"Find my sales contact","introText":"Please find your sales contacts below by the appropriate region. Alternatively you can send general enquiries.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Webinars","pageBlurb":"The author publishing workflow and author outreach activities. How to approve articles using Rightslink Agreement Manager. How to analyse reporting from Cambridge University Press.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"webinars","introTitle":"Webinars","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Read and publish resources","pageBlurb":"This page is dedicated to providing resources, messaging and training to help make your deal a success.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"read-and-publish-resources","introTitle":"Read and publish resources","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["librarians"]}}],"slug":"librarians"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Peer review","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Peer review","pageBlurb":"Peer review is the foundation of quality in research for both books and journals, ensuring that published research is rigorous, ethical and significant to the discipline in question.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"peer-review","introTitle":"Peer review","introText":"Peer review is the foundation of quality in research for both books and journals, ensuring that published research is rigorous, ethical and significant to the discipline in question. On these pages you'll find information about how to review both books and journal articles, as well as some frequently asked questions, notes on ethics in review, and news from Cambridge University Press relating to developments in review.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":[]}},"column1Heading":"Peer review","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"How to peer review journal articles","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press has created a guide to give a practical introduction to conducting effective peer reviews, especially for those who are new to the process. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"how-to-peer-review-journal-articles","introTitle":"How to peer review journal articles","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"How to peer review book proposals","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press has created a guide to give a practical introduction to conducting effective peer reviews, especially for those who are new to the process.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"how-to-peer-review-book-proposals","introTitle":"How to peer review book proposals","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"How to peer review Registered Reports","pageBlurb":"This page offers guidance for peer reviewers about Registered Reports, a publishing format where a research article is published in two stages, each stage undergoing a separate peer review process.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"how-to-peer-review-registered-reports","introTitle":"How to peer review Registered Reports","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Peer review FAQs","pageBlurb":"Please note that these frequently asked questions have been written with journal articles in mind, though some may be applicable to reviewing book proposals.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"peer-review-faqs","introTitle":"Peer review FAQs","introText":"Please note that these frequently asked questions have been written with journal articles in mind, though some may be applicable to reviewing book proposals.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Ethics in peer review","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press is committed to publishing ethics in all areas. Discover more about the five main areas of ethical considerations in peer review.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"ethics-in-peer-review","introTitle":"Ethics in peer review","introText":"Cambridge University Press is committed to publishing ethics in all areas. Discover more about the five main areas of ethical considerations in peer review.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Online peer review systems","pageBlurb":"Where you complete and/or submit your review will vary depending on the journal. At Cambridge University Press, we use two online peer review systems called Scholar One and Editorial Manager, where you'll be expected to submit your review.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"online-peer-review-systems","introTitle":"Online peer review systems","introText":"Where you complete and/or submit your review will vary depending on the journal. At Cambridge University Press, we use two online peer review systems called Scholar One and Editorial Manager, where you'll be expected to submit your review. These systems are user-friendly and should walk you through the process of submitting your review.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"A guide to Publons","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press has created a guide to Publons to explain what it is and the benefits of using it as a reviewer.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"a-guide-to-publons","introTitle":"A guide to Publons","introText":"Publons has recently been rebranded as the Web of Science Reviewer Recognition Service during its integration with the Web of Science. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["peer-review"]}}],"slug":"peer-review"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Publishing ethics","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing ethics","pageBlurb":"As a leading publisher of scholarly journals and books, Cambridge University Press is committed to meeting high standards of ethical behaviour at all stages of the publication process.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"publishing-ethics","introTitle":"Publishing ethics","introText":"As a leading publisher of scholarly journals and books, Cambridge University Press is committed to meeting high standards of ethical behaviour at all stages of the publication process. Our research publishing ethics guidelines outline the publishing ethics responsibilities of Cambridge University Press, authors, peer reviewers and editors.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":[]}},"column1Heading":"Journals ","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing ethics guidelines for journals","pageBlurb":"At Cambridge University Press, the integrity of our academic content and publishing process is paramount. These guidelines outline the best practice principles that we apply to our Academic content. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"publishing-ethics-guidelines-journals","introTitle":"Publishing ethics guidelines for journals","introText":"At Cambridge University Press, the integrity of our academic content and publishing process is paramount. These guidelines outline the best practice principles that we apply to our Academic content. We hope these guidelines will be useful to many different groups, including authors, peer reviewers, editors within and outside of Cambridge University Press, societies, publishing partners and funders.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Core editorial policies for journals","pageBlurb":"This page contains information about our publishing principles, research integrity and academic freedom - as well as a number of other aspects of our editorial policies.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"core-editorial-policies-journals","introTitle":"Core editorial policies for journals","introText":"This page contains information about our publishing principles, research integrity and academic freedom - as well as a number of other aspects of our editorial policies.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Authorship and contributorship for journals","pageBlurb":"We acknowledge that different disciplines and publication formats have different norms for who is listed as an author.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"authorship-and-contributorship-journals","introTitle":"Authorship and contributorship for journals","introText":"We acknowledge that different disciplines and publication formats have different norms for who is listed as an author. We expect all authors on any content submitted to Cambridge to be in agreement that the authors listed would all be considered authors according to disciplinary norms, and that no authors who would reasonably be considered an author have been excluded. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Affiliations for journals","pageBlurb":"Any affiliations should represent the institution(s) at which the research presented was conducted and/or supported and/or approved.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"affiliations-journals","introTitle":"Affiliations for journals","introText":"Any affiliations should represent the institution(s) at which the research presented was conducted and/or supported and/or approved. For non-research content, any affiliations should represent the institution(s) with which each author is currently affiliated.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Research ethics for journals","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press expects all contributors to align with ethics of research when researching and writing.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"research-ethics-journals","introTitle":"Research ethics for journals","introText":"Cambridge University Press expects all contributors to align with ethics of research when researching and writing.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Competing interests and funding for journals","pageBlurb":"Authors submitting a journal manuscript to Cambridge University Press, employees, the SAPC, editors and reviewers of Cambridge University Press publications, are required to declare any potential competing interests.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"competing-interests-and-funding-journals","introTitle":"Competing interests and funding for journals","introText":"Authors submitting a journal manuscript to Cambridge University Press, employees, the SAPC, editors and reviewers of Cambridge University Press publications, are required to declare any potential competing interests that could interfere with the objectivity or integrity of a publication. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}}],"column2Heading":"Journals (cont.)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Data and supporting evidence for journals","pageBlurb":"We advocate for transparency and openness around data, code, and other materials associated with research, and we are a signatory of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"data-and-supporting-evidence-for-journals","introTitle":"Data and supporting evidence for journals","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Misconduct for journals","pageBlurb":"The principles of research integrity - honesty, transparency, accountability, care and respect - are encompassed by our core editorial policies described above.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"misconduct-journals","introTitle":"Misconduct for journals","introText":"The principles of research integrity - honesty, transparency, accountability, care and respect - are encompassed by our core editorial policies described above.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Corrections, retractions and removals for journals","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press policies and information regarding corrections, retractions and removals in published content.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"corrections-retractions-and-removals-journals","introTitle":"Corrections, retractions and removals for journals","introText":"Cambridge University Press policies and information regarding corrections, retractions and removals in published content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Versions and adaptations for journals","pageBlurb":"Our publications are distributed in many different global, cultural, environmental and economic contexts. We may therefore issue different versions of some of our products in order to cater to these contexts. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"versions-and-adaptations-journals","introTitle":"Versions and adaptations for journals","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Libel, defamation and freedom of expression","pageBlurb":"Freedom of expression is critical to us as academic publishers, but we do not support publishing false statements that harm the reputation of individuals, groups or organisations. Our legal team will address allegations of libel in our publications.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"libel-defamation-and-freedom-of-expression","introTitle":"Libel, defamation and freedom of expression","introText":"Freedom of expression is critical to us as academic publishers, but we do not support publishing false statements that harm the reputation of individuals, groups or organisations. Our legal team will address allegations of libel in any of our publications.","areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Business ethics journals","pageBlurb":"Business ethics: fair access, censorship, marketing communication, advertising, sponsorship, PR / media and metrics, usage and reporting. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"business-ethics-journals","introTitle":"Business ethics journals","introText":"Business ethics: fair access, censorship, marketing communication, advertising, sponsorship, PR / media and metrics, usage and reporting. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}}],"column3Heading":"Books","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing ethics guidelines for books","pageBlurb":"At Cambridge University Press, the integrity of our academic content and publishing process is paramount. These guidelines outline the best practice principles that we apply to our Academic content. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"publishing-ethics-guidelines-books","introTitle":"Publishing ethics guidelines for books","introText":"At Cambridge University Press, the integrity of our academic content and publishing process is paramount. These guidelines outline the best practice principles that we apply to our Academic content. We hope these guidelines will be useful to many different groups, including authors, peer reviewers, editors within and outside of Cambridge University Press, societies, publishing partners and funders. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Core editorial policies for books","pageBlurb":"This page contains information about our publishing principles, research integrity and academic freedom - as well as a number of other aspects of our editorial policies.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"core-editorial-policies-books","introTitle":"Core editorial policies for books","introText":"This page contains infromation about our publishing principles, research integrity and academic freedom - as well as a number of other aspects of our editorial policies.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Authorship and contributorship for books","pageBlurb":"We acknowledge that different disciplines and publication formats have different norms for who is listed as an author.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"authorship-and-contributorship-books","introTitle":"Authorship and contributorship for books","introText":"We acknowledge that different disciplines and publication formats have different norms for who is listed as an author. We expect all authors on any content submitted to Cambridge to be in agreement that the authors listed would all be considered authors according to disciplinary norms, and that no authors who would reasonably be considered an author have been excluded.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Affiliations for books","pageBlurb":"Any affiliations should represent the institution(s) at which the research presented was conducted and/or supported and/or approved.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"affiliations-books","introTitle":"Affiliations for books","introText":"Any affiliations should represent the institution(s) at which the research presented was conducted and/or supported and/or approved. For non-research content, any affiliations should represent the institution(s) with which each author is currently affiliated.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Research ethics for books","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press expects all contributors to align with ethics of research when researching and writing.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"research-ethics-books","introTitle":"Research ethics for books","introText":"Cambridge University Press expects all contributors to align with ethics of research when researching and writing.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Competing interests and funding for books","pageBlurb":"Authors submitting a book or Element manuscript to Cambridge University Press, employees, the SAPC, editors and reviewers of Cambridge University Press publications, must declare any potential competing interests.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"competing-interests-and-funding-books","introTitle":"Competing interests and funding for books","introText":"Authors submitting a book or Element manuscript to Cambridge University Press, employees, the SAPC, editors and reviewers of Cambridge University Press publications, are required to declare any potential competing interests that could interfere with the objectivity or integrity of a publication. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}}],"column4Heading":"Books (cont.)","column4StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Data and supporting evidence for books","pageBlurb":"We advocate for transparency and openness around data, code, and other materials associated with research, and we are a signatory of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"data-and-supporting-evidence-books","introTitle":"Data and supporting evidence for books","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Misconduct for books","pageBlurb":"The principles of research integrity - honesty, transparency, accountability, care and respect - are encompassed by our core editorial policies described above.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"misconduct-books","introTitle":"Misconduct for books","introText":"The principles of research integrity - honesty, transparency, accountability, care and respect - are encompassed by our core editorial policies described above.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Corrections, retractions and removals for books","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press policies and information regarding corrections, retractions and removals in published content.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"corrections-retractions-and-removals-books","introTitle":"Corrections, retractions and removals for books","introText":"Cambridge University Press policies and information regarding corrections, retractions and removals in published content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Versions and adaptations for books","pageBlurb":"Our publications are distributed in many different global, cultural, environmental and economic contexts. We may therefore issue different versions of some of our products in order to cater to these contexts. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"versions-and-adaptations-books","introTitle":"Versions and adaptations for books","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Libel, defamation and freedom of expression","pageBlurb":"Freedom of expression is critical to us as academic publishers, but we do not support publishing false statements that harm the reputation of individuals, groups or organisations. Our legal team will address allegations of libel in our publications.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"libel-defamation-and-freedom-of-expression","introTitle":"Libel, defamation and freedom of expression","introText":"Freedom of expression is critical to us as academic publishers, but we do not support publishing false statements that harm the reputation of individuals, groups or organisations. Our legal team will address allegations of libel in any of our publications.","areas":["publishing-ethics"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Business ethics books","pageBlurb":"Business ethics: fair access, censorship, marketing communication, advertising, sponsorship, PR / media and metrics, usage and reporting. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"business-ethics-books","introTitle":"Business ethics books","introText":"Business ethics: fair access, censorship, marketing communication, advertising, sponsorship, PR / media and metrics, usage and reporting. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-ethics"]}}],"slug":"publishing-ethics"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Publishing partners","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing partnerships","pageBlurb":"Over 220 world-leading societies and presses partner with us on publications including journals, book series, early research and e-books. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"publishing-partnerships","introTitle":"Publishing partnerships","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},"column1Heading":"Publishing partners","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Publishing partnerships","pageBlurb":"Over 220 world-leading societies and presses partner with us on publications including journals, book series, early research and e-books. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"publishing-partnerships","introTitle":"Publishing partnerships","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Partner books","pageBlurb":"Books published for our society partners are given the same high quality production as our own publications, and are published throughout the world in print and electronic formats as appropriate.","linkImage":{"title":"PartnersBooks","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/2U1gsLlZ2xJxn8N97MOIAt/2604acf1f3e6274808a94cc3e0562509/PartnersBooks.jpg","details":{"size":32409,"image":{"width":500,"height":300}},"fileName":"PartnersBooks.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A background of dark blue with the word 'Books' in white text. The background has a pattern of dots forming circles.","slug":"partner-books","introTitle":"Partner books","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"eBook publishing partnerships","pageBlurb":"Publishing partner ebook titles are delivered to customers on Cambridge Core. The publisher logo also appears on each individual book page, to ensure it is always clear that the ebook is published by a publishing partners.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"ebook-publishing-partnerships","introTitle":"eBook publishing partnerships","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journal publishing partnerships","pageBlurb":"Cambridge University Press has a proud history of forming productive and enduring publishing relationships with learned societies, universities, and professional associations.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"journal-publishing-partnerships","introTitle":"Journal publishing partnerships","introText":"Cambridge University Press has a proud history of forming productive and enduring publishing relationships with learned societies, universities, and professional associations. Our mission is to unlock people's potential with the best learning and research solutions.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}}],"column2Heading":"Publishing partners (cont.)","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Journals publishing","pageBlurb":"We pride ourselves on offering a truly collaborative publishing service which has journal development at its core.","linkImage":{"title":"journals publishing","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/3pWJoXbWYEFDv5DOiBQs7I/8c4dedff525b7170cfe631f4f66b88e7/journals_publishing.JPG","details":{"size":7595,"image":{"width":177,"height":155}},"fileName":"journals publishing.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the outline of a book or journal with grey arrows around it. This is on a white circle, which is against a blue background.","slug":"journals-publishing","introTitle":"Journals publishing ","introText":"We pride ourselves on offering a truly collaborative publishing service which has journal development at its core. The range of services we provide includes:","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Customer support","pageBlurb":"Our Customer Services teams have units dedicated to library support, handling print fulfilment and claims, as well as online training and access","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, with stars and galaxies. The dark outline of the Cambridge shield is superimposed over the top. ","slug":"customer-support","introTitle":"Customer support","introText":"Our Customer Services teams have units dedicated to library support, handling print fulfilment and claims, as well as online training and access.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Membership Services","pageBlurb":"We provide a range of services to our society partners, including access to journal content, discounts on Cambridge University Press publications and customer service support.","linkImage":{"title":"membership services","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/74cDq9dHVmVPJDQwvqN9ed/00f3dfbab0c2b1f79dea2c40dabb47e6/membership_services.JPG","details":{"size":8177,"image":{"width":169,"height":156}},"fileName":"membership services.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Line image of a person in blue on a white circle background, against a blue square. Around the person is a curved circular arrow. ","slug":"membership-services","introTitle":"Membership Services","introText":"We provide a range of services to the members of our society partners, including access to journal content (current and archival), discounts on Cambridge University Press publications and customer service support to ensure that any queries or problems are resolved quickly.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Our Team","pageBlurb":"If you would like to discuss a potential journal publishing collaboration, please contact us to discuss your requirements or ideas.","linkImage":{"title":"Our team","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/3DbyRtmwHXuXmdpmkQTTd4/fb83164a4b8328415057478c6a81fde7/Our_team.JPG","details":{"size":8368,"image":{"width":184,"height":157}},"fileName":"Our team.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Line drawing of three people. One is shaded grey and the other two are without fill on a white circle. The circle is against a blue background.","slug":"our-team","introTitle":"Our Team","introText":"If you would like to discuss a potential journal publishing collaboration, please contact us to discuss your requirements or ideas.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["publishing-partners"]}}],"slug":"publishing-partners"}}]}},{"name":"navigationBarCategory","value":{"title":"Open research","navigationBarArea":[{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Open access policies","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access policies","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) has become an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Open access serves authors and the wider community by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed OA content.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"open-access-policies","introTitle":"Open access policies","introText":"Open access (OA) has become an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Open access serves authors and the wider community by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed OA content. We support and promote all forms of OA that are financially sustainable. Our introduction to open access page provides some essential information about the types of OA we offer.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},"column1Heading":"Open access policies","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open research","pageBlurb":"The open research movement seeks to maximise the impact and benefits of research by prioritising barrier-free access to research findings, data and methodologies.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"open-research","introTitle":"Open research","introText":"The open research movement seeks to maximise the impact and benefits of research by prioritising barrier-free access to research findings, data and methodologies. Open research reflects a fundamental belief that the pursuit of knowledge benefits directly from collaboration, transparency, rapid dissemination and accessibility.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing","open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access policies","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) has become an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Open access serves authors and the wider community by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed OA content.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"open-access-policies","introTitle":"Open access policies","introText":"Open access (OA) has become an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Open access serves authors and the wider community by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed OA content. We support and promote all forms of OA that are financially sustainable. Our introduction to open access page provides some essential information about the types of OA we offer.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge University Press and Plan S","pageBlurb":"Our goal to transform the journals we publish to open research depends on a continued, widespread move to funding for Open Access (OA) around the world.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"cambridge-university-press-and-plan-s","introTitle":"Cambridge University Press and Plan S","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Text and data mining","pageBlurb":"We believe that text and data mining (TDM) is an important and powerful research tool with incredible potential. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"text-and-data-mining","introTitle":"Text and data mining","introText":"We believe that text and data mining (TDM) is an important and powerful research tool with incredible potential. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Preprint policy","pageBlurb":"Discover full details of our Preprint policy at Cambridge University Press ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"preprint-policy","introTitle":"Preprint policy at Cambridge University Press","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Social sharing","pageBlurb":"Content sharing is a natural and vital part of research. It helps to disseminate and raise awareness about new findings and to stimulate discussion and further progress.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"social-sharing","introTitle":"Social Sharing","introText":"Many authors and readers share journal and book content with others. Some of the most common ways that content is shared are:","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}}],"column2Heading":"Journals","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access journals","pageBlurb":"We have a growing list of journals that publish Gold Open Access articles under Creative Commons licences.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"open-access-journals","introTitle":"Open access journals","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Gold open access journals","pageBlurb":"Many of our journals publish articles as Gold Open Access, under Creative commons (CC) licences, enabling readers to freely access and re-distribute their articles.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"gold-open-access-journals","introTitle":"Gold Open Access in journals","introText":"Many of our journals publish articles as Gold Open Access, under Creative commons (CC) licences, enabling readers to freely access and re-distribute their articles. In some journals Gold OA is an option offered to authors, while in other journals, some or all article types are always published Gold OA.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Transformative journals","pageBlurb":"The journals below have committed to transition to open research and meet the transformative journals requirements of Plan S. Download our 2021 and 2022 TJ progress reports to see each journal's progression to full OA.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"transformative-journals","introTitle":"Transformative journals","introText":"The journals below have committed to transition to open research and meet the transformative journals requirements of Plan S. Download our 2021 and 2022 TJ progress reports to see each journal's progression to full OA.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Green Open Access policy for journals","pageBlurb":"Discover details of how our Green Open Access policy permits authors of journal articles published by Cambridge to share versions of their work online.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"green-open-access-policy-for-journals","introTitle":"Green Open Access policy for journals","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Transparent pricing policy for journals","pageBlurb":"We aim to price our journals fairly and transparently. In particular, our subscription prices should reflect the amount of subscription content in a journal.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"transparent-pricing-policy-for-journals","introTitle":"Transparent pricing policy for journals","introText":"We aim to price our journals fairly and transparently. In particular, our subscription prices should reflect the amount of subscription content in a journal.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}}],"column3Heading":"Books and Elements","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access books","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) is emerging as a new model for book publishing. We support OA books in line with our mission to disseminate knowledge at the highest international levels of excellence.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"open-access-books","introTitle":"Open access books","introText":"Open access (OA) is emerging as a new model for book publishing. We support OA books in line with our commitment to exploring publishing models that are financially sustainable, scalable and in accordance with our mission to disseminate knowledge at the highest international levels of excellence.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Gold open access books","pageBlurb":"We offer authors the option of publishing their work as open access. Discover more information about our gold open access books on our dedicated information page. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"gold-open-access-books","introTitle":"Gold open access books","introText":"We offer authors the option of publishing their work as open access to allow them to make their works freely available online without compromising any aspect of the publishing process. Typically, we offer this option only for monographs, which are books usually written by a single author to convey the results of their research and analysis in a particular field of study.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Green Open Access policy for books","pageBlurb":"Discover details of how our Green Open Access policy permits authors of books published by Cambridge to share versions of their work online.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"green-open-access-policy-for-books","introTitle":"Green Open Access policy for books","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access Elements","pageBlurb":"Discover information about how to publish an Element Gold Open Access, as well as details of our Green Open Access policy for Elements.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"open-access-elements","introTitle":"Open access Elements","introText":"We offer authors the option of publishing their Elements as open access to allow them to make their works freely available online without compromising any aspect of the publishing process.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-policies"]}}],"slug":"open-research-policies"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Open access publishing","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"What is open access?","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) is an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view.","linkImage":{"title":"What is open access","description":"Dark yellow vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a light yellow background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7sEQ4K9gF64X6oCYQm5gHg/74f9d5bc0f37e8f4ffe68bd177a5118c/What_is_open_access.png","details":{"size":4791,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"What is open access.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Dark yellow vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a light yellow background.","slug":"open-access","introTitle":"What is open access?","introText":"Open access (OA) makes research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Authors will benefit from the open availability of their research to others, leading to an increase in the visibility and usage of their work. Open access allows authors to comply with the Gold and Green OA requirements of major funders.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},"banner":{"title":"1","description":"a mountain range in mist. a red shield is superimposed on the right.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/tg5ltxgzVAAUpHiLcO8IM/8799f338869f552c0974163f621af29a/1.png","details":{"size":2466105,"image":{"width":2560,"height":1440}},"fileName":"1.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"column1Heading":"About open access","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open research","pageBlurb":"The open research movement seeks to maximise the impact and benefits of research by prioritising barrier-free access to research findings, data and methodologies.","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"open-research","introTitle":"Open research","introText":"The open research movement seeks to maximise the impact and benefits of research by prioritising barrier-free access to research findings, data and methodologies. Open research reflects a fundamental belief that the pursuit of knowledge benefits directly from collaboration, transparency, rapid dissemination and accessibility.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing","open-research-policies"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open Access Week","pageBlurb":"Open Access Week 2024 | Explore how we're working to build an open equitable future for all authors. We believe in the quality of your research rather than your ability to pay; so explore our routes to fund your open access publication.","linkImage":{"title":"Open Access Week","description":"Cambridge Blue vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/116LrrCNfUgNVzHbAtJ8Xj/b8f072a1ffc9713d156e6c96c91ef5d4/OA_Week.png","details":{"size":4883,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"OA Week.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Cambridge Blue vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"open-access-week","introTitle":"Open Access Week","introText":"Welcome to Open Access Week 2024! We're working to build an open, equitable future for all authors around the world. Find out more about how we're supporting authors from low- and middle-income countries with our award-winning Cambridge Open Equity Initiative, our open access book-funding programme, Flip it Open, and more. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"What is open access?","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) is an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view.","linkImage":{"title":"What is open access","description":"Dark yellow vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a light yellow background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7sEQ4K9gF64X6oCYQm5gHg/74f9d5bc0f37e8f4ffe68bd177a5118c/What_is_open_access.png","details":{"size":4791,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"What is open access.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Dark yellow vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a light yellow background.","slug":"open-access","introTitle":"What is open access?","introText":"Open access (OA) makes research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Authors will benefit from the open availability of their research to others, leading to an increase in the visibility and usage of their work. Open access allows authors to comply with the Gold and Green OA requirements of major funders.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access glossary","pageBlurb":"Open access has many unique terms, acronyms and additional information. Read our useful glossary to discover more.","linkImage":{"title":"Open access glossary","description":"Bright pink dot pattern fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a dark pink background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7cLxXpMkrUCEEHVu2Brt1b/69ca9bc044cd4698fce66e6ca8224fd7/OA_glossary.png","details":{"size":58518,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"OA glossary.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Bright pink dot pattern fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a dark pink background.","slug":"open-access-glossary","introTitle":"Open access glossary","introText":"Open access has many unique terms, acronyms and additional information. Read our useful glossary to discover more.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access myths","pageBlurb":"Open access (OA) is an important way to make high-quality, peer reviewed content freely available for anyone to access and view. ","linkImage":{"title":"Open access myths","description":"Bright orange dot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a dark orange background","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/6NIEmqNMzKKHvOHi9cLDUR/157e57a4457dce626d4c3469f15caff6/OA_Myths.png","details":{"size":50542,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"OA Myths.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"open-access-myths","introTitle":"Open access myths","introText":"Open access is an important way to make high-quality, peer reviewed content freely available for anyone to access and view. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Hybrid Open Access FAQs","pageBlurb":"Discover move about what hybrid open access is and what's possible in our frequently asked questions","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"hybrid-open-access-faqs","introTitle":"Hybrid open access - Frequently asked questions","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Eligibility checker","url":"/core/eligibility-checker","ariaLabel":"Eligibility checker"}}],"column2Heading":"Open access resources","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access resources","pageBlurb":"Find Open Access resources for authors, including; information on creative commons licences, funder mandates and policies and much more. ","linkImage":{"title":"Open Access - Resource for authors","description":"Open Access - Resource for authors image","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/nZUZJsiSdEQ92gahE9HVA/5ed0042cab7f26c29ce64460ccbbb273/Open-Access-button-v2.png","details":{"size":10991,"image":{"width":500,"height":300}},"fileName":"Open-Access-button-v2.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"A bright orange background, with light orange stripes has superimposed text in a white font that reads Open Access, resources for authors ","slug":"open-access-resources","introTitle":"Open access resources","introText":"Open access (OA) has become an important way to make research findings freely available for anyone to access and view. Open access serves authors and the wider community by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed OA content. We support and promote all forms of OA that are financially sustainable. Our open access resources page provides some essential information about the types of OA we offer.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Benefits of open access","pageBlurb":"Discover the benefits of open access on our dedicated page which covers; Discoverability and dissemination, Educational and other re-use and Public access and engagement.","linkImage":{"title":"Benefits of open access","description":"Pale yellow spot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a dark yellow background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/RzyZtGBB0v0qAeZdQG2lA/b986a003757ddb9089555b2388542208/benefits_of_open_access.png","details":{"size":53285,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"benefits of open access.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Pale yellow spot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a dark yellow background.","slug":"benefits-of-open-access","introTitle":"Benefits of open access","introText":"Publishing open access helps to advance discovery by allowing anyone, anywhere in the world with internet access to find, access, and benefit from your research. Open access plays an important part in allowing us to fulfil our mission of furthering the advancement of learning, knowledge and research worldwide.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Creative commons licenses","pageBlurb":"Creative Commons (CC) licences play an important role in facilitating Gold Open Access publishing. They provide a legal framework for giving users the ability to freely view, download and distribute content.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"creative-commons-licenses","introTitle":"Creative Commons (CC) licences","introText":"Creative Commons (CC) licences play an important role in facilitating Gold Open Access publishing. They provide a legal framework for giving users the ability to freely view, download and distribute content.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Funder policies and mandates","pageBlurb":"Many funders around the world are introducing policies and mandates concerning public access to the research they fund. The policies vary and researchers should check the terms and conditions of their research grants.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"funder-policies-and-mandates","introTitle":"Funder policies and mandates","introText":"Many funders around the world are introducing policies and mandates concerning public access to the research they fund. The policies vary and researchers should check the terms and conditions of their research grants in order to be aware of the particular conditions they must abide by. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Article type definitions","pageBlurb":"Discover which article types are covered in transformative agreements via our dedicated article type definitions page","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"article-type-definitions","introTitle":"Article type definitions","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Convert your article to Open Access","pageBlurb":"If you would like to publish your article to Open Access, we ask that you select a creative commons licence. The CC licence you choose will determine how readers can use your content. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"convert-your-article-to-open-access","introTitle":"Publishing OA under a Read and Publish agreement","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access video resources","pageBlurb":"Comprise of Open Access (OA) Advantage: Webinar, benefits, myths, flipping journal to OA, publishing OA with Cambridge","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Comprise of Open Access (OA) Advantage: Webinar, benefits, myths, flipping journal to OA, publishing OA with Cambridge","slug":"open-access-video-resources","introTitle":"Open Access Video Resources","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-publishing"]}}],"slug":"open-access-publishing"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Open research initiatives","column1Heading":"Research transparency","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Transparency and openness","pageBlurb":"Transparency and openness are core values of academic research and are essential if new observations and discoveries are to fully contribute to advances in global knowledge. ","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","slug":"transparency-and-openness","introTitle":"Transparency and openness","introText":"Transparency and openness are core values of academic research and are essential if new observations and discoveries are to fully contribute to advances in global knowledge. Research articles serve their readers best when they provide sufficient information for new assertions and findings to be properly evaluated and built upon.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open Practice Badges","pageBlurb":"Open Practice Badges are incentives for researchers to share data, materials, or to preregister their work. They are designed to be displayed on published articles to show that authors have engaged in these open practices.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"open-practice-badges","introTitle":"Open Practice Badges","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"OA organisations, initiatives & directories","pageBlurb":"Discover more information on the Open Access organisations, initiatives and directories we are a member of.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"oa-organisations-initiatives-and-directories","introTitle":"OA organisations, initiatives and directories","introText":"Cambridge University Press is a member of a number of organisations, initiatives and directories which we have provided information on below;","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Registered Reports","pageBlurb":"Registered Reports are a publishing format developed by the Center for Open Science to incentivise and reward good research practices and study design. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"registered-reports","introTitle":"Registered Reports","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI)","pageBlurb":"Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) is a new tool designed to facilitate transparency in qualitative and mixed-methods research. ","linkImage":{"title":"frontlist","description":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1yzIb3CIxMfQ2CTz8eswKt/8b72cfb68d75445b52d567fbe3573eb7/frontlist.JPG","details":{"size":20050,"image":{"width":334,"height":341}},"fileName":"frontlist.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"A prism reflects a spectrum of light over a white shield on a purple background. The shield represents the shape of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"annotation-for-transparent-inquiry-ati","introTitle":"Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI)","introText":"Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) is a new tool designed to facilitate transparency in qualitative and mixed-methods research. ","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}}],"column2Heading":"Journal flips","column2StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Open access journal flips","pageBlurb":"We are transforming the vast majority of research publishing in our journals to open access by 2025. 41 journals have flipped to open access for 2024 as part of this transformation, and we are pleased to announce a further 79 flips for 2025.","linkImage":{"title":"openaccess","description":"Open access logo - a stylised open orange padlock. The logo is displayed on a grey stripped background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/12DeiUx4ALihi8EgNJ6WB1/e1e67c2e7082bd23f1a676d4186b04b6/openaccess.JPG","details":{"size":15431,"image":{"width":432,"height":286}},"fileName":"openaccess.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Open access logo - a stylised open orange padlock. The logo is displayed on a grey stripped background.","slug":"open-access-journal-flips","introTitle":"Open access journal flips","introText":"We are transforming the vast majority of research publishing in our journals to open access by 2025. 41 journals have flipped to open access for 2024 as part of this transformation, and we are pleased to announce a further 79 flips for 2025.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"OA Journal Flip FAQs","pageBlurb":"Find answers to questions about open access journal flips for authors, readers, librarians, society members, editorial board members and publishing partners.","linkImage":{"title":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit","description":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/4PiPfW4LdMHTslTjTN19Di/d4ee372bf3c7e8ec90c169960571ceff/CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","details":{"size":73633,"image":{"width":971,"height":551}},"fileName":"CoreHomepage_PH_edit.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"An image of the night sky, showing stars and galaxies. The dark outline of a shield has been superimposed over the top. ","slug":"oa-journal-flip-faqs","introTitle":"OA Journal Flip FAQs","introText":"Find answers to questions about open access journal flips for authors, readers, librarians, society members, editorial board members and publishing partners.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}}],"column3Heading":"Flip it Open","column3StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Flip it Open","pageBlurb":"Flip it Open is our new programme which aims to fund the open access publication of titles through typical purchasing habits. Once titles meet a set amount of revenue, we have committed to make them freely available as open access books.","linkImage":{"title":"flip it open","description":"Image of a door, slightly ajar, with large pink and green balls bouncing through, against a grey background wall.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1Iumh0y51Li1h1czm7xT3s/ffb2baaf34ed6fd6ec5ecea8721a2e17/flip_it_open.JPG","details":{"size":9674,"image":{"width":354,"height":199}},"fileName":"flip it open.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Image of a door, slightly ajar, with large pink and green balls bouncing through, against a grey background wall.","slug":"flip-it-open","introTitle":"Flip it Open","introText":"Flip it Open is our new programme which aims to fund the open access publication of 100 titles through typical purchasing habits. Once titles meet a set amount of revenue, we have committed to make them freely available as open access books here on Cambridge Core and also as an affordable paperback. Just another way we're building an open future.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Flip it Open FAQs","pageBlurb":"Flip it Open is our new programme which aims to fund the open access publication of titles through typical purchasing habits. Once titles meet a set amount of revenue, we have committed to make them freely available as open access books.","linkImage":{"title":"flip it open","description":"Image of a door, slightly ajar, with large pink and green balls bouncing through, against a grey background wall.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1Iumh0y51Li1h1czm7xT3s/ffb2baaf34ed6fd6ec5ecea8721a2e17/flip_it_open.JPG","details":{"size":9674,"image":{"width":354,"height":199}},"fileName":"flip it open.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Image of a door, slightly ajar, with large pink and green balls bouncing through, against a grey background wall.","slug":"flip-it-open-faqs","introTitle":"Flip it Open FAQs","introText":"Flip it Open is our new programme which aims to fund the open access publication of 100 titles through typical purchasing habits. Once titles meet a set amount of revenue, we have committed to make them freely available as open access books here on Cambridge Core and also as an affordable paperback. Just another way we're building an open future.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-research-initiatives"]}}],"slug":"open-research-initiatives"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":"Open access funding","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Funding open access publication","pageBlurb":"We believe that journals must publish articles based on the quality of the work rather than an author's ability to pay.","linkImage":{"title":"Funding open access publication","description":"Dark orange dot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a bright orange background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7te0Mjpty44biAUabJ5RPF/d6e37cd51d396f6ec99817b89b00b235/Funding_OA.png","details":{"size":53374,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"Funding OA.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Dark orange dot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a bright orange background.","slug":"funding-open-access-publication","introTitle":"Funding open access publication","introText":"We believe that journals must publish articles based on the quality of the work rather than an author's ability to pay. The editorial process – including the decision of whether or not to accept an article for publication – should be independent of the author’s decision to publish Gold Open Access (OA), in cases where this is optional, as well as being independent of how the publication costs for a Gold OA article are funded.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-funding"]}},"banner":{"title":"3","description":"An image of prairie land and dusky skies with a green shield superimposed to the left.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7lbnCGEEZDq5LJSmPTzfqB/ff8d397038089070b71384ed0ce45028/3.jpg","details":{"size":313671,"image":{"width":2560,"height":1440}},"fileName":"3.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"column1Heading":"Open access funding","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Funding open access publication","pageBlurb":"We believe that journals must publish articles based on the quality of the work rather than an author's ability to pay.","linkImage":{"title":"Funding open access publication","description":"Dark orange dot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a bright orange background.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/7te0Mjpty44biAUabJ5RPF/d6e37cd51d396f6ec99817b89b00b235/Funding_OA.png","details":{"size":53374,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"Funding OA.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Dark orange dot pattern fills a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo, on a bright orange background.","slug":"funding-open-access-publication","introTitle":"Funding open access publication","introText":"We believe that journals must publish articles based on the quality of the work rather than an author's ability to pay. The editorial process – including the decision of whether or not to accept an article for publication – should be independent of the author’s decision to publish Gold Open Access (OA), in cases where this is optional, as well as being independent of how the publication costs for a Gold OA article are funded.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-funding"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge Open Equity Initiative","pageBlurb":"The Cambridge Open Equity Initiative is a new pilot designed to support authors in low- and middle-income countries who wish to publish their research open access in our journals but do not have access to funding.","linkImage":{"title":"Cambridge Open Equity Initiative","description":"Blue vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/6JjuLI91OqL5yWfpDCBabw/57656fcab1c004e52e2ac5221bf45ae3/COEI.png","details":{"size":7741,"image":{"width":450,"height":270}},"fileName":"COEI.png","contentType":"image/png"}},"altText":"Blue vertical stripes fill a shield shape, representative of the Cambridge University Press logo.","slug":"cambridge-open-equity-initiative","introTitle":"Cambridge Open Equity Initiative","introText":"The Cambridge Open Equity Initiative is designed to support authors in low- and middle-income countries who wish to publish their research open access in our journals but do not have access to funding.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["open-access-funding"]}}],"slug":"open-access-funding"}},{"name":"navigationBarArea","value":{"title":" Cambridge Open Engage","hubPage":{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge Open Engage","pageBlurb":"Cambridge Open Engage is the early research platform from Cambridge University Press. The site offers researchers a new space to rapidly disseminate early and open research, including preprints, posters, presentations and conference papers.","linkImage":{"title":"COE Banner for Core","description":"COE Banner for Core","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/11sHvd1kZ8Vow8Yew8U8Cb/5f69b2462388856cfdb9984c750c6d3c/COE-banner-for-Core-1200x175.jpg","details":{"size":30597,"image":{"width":1600,"height":233}},"fileName":"COE-banner-for-Core-1200x175.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Cambridge Open Engage banner with its logo on the left side of the text and with a blue-green background color.","slug":"cambridge-open-engage","introTitle":"Cambridge Open Engage","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},"column1Heading":" Cambridge Open Engage","column1StaticPagesOrUrls":[{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Cambridge Open Engage","pageBlurb":"Cambridge Open Engage is the early research platform from Cambridge University Press. The site offers researchers a new space to rapidly disseminate early and open research, including preprints, posters, presentations and conference papers.","linkImage":{"title":"COE Banner for Core","description":"COE Banner for Core","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/11sHvd1kZ8Vow8Yew8U8Cb/5f69b2462388856cfdb9984c750c6d3c/COE-banner-for-Core-1200x175.jpg","details":{"size":30597,"image":{"width":1600,"height":233}},"fileName":"COE-banner-for-Core-1200x175.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Cambridge Open Engage banner with its logo on the left side of the text and with a blue-green background color.","slug":"cambridge-open-engage","introTitle":"Cambridge Open Engage","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Partner With Us","pageBlurb":"We work with partners - such as learned societies, funders and departments or research centres within research institutions - in a range of ways.","linkImage":{"title":"Partner With Us","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/54Be88OUjKkNI6xbxmes8I/1196f9840ef75b6e7cf6aec599616505/partner-with-us.jpg","details":{"size":50015,"image":{"width":1250,"height":300}},"fileName":"partner-with-us.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Cambridge Open Engage Partner with Us banner with a yellow background for the Cambridge Core website.","slug":"engage-partner-with-us","introTitle":"Partner With Us","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Branded Hubs","pageBlurb":"Work with us to build your own branded space within Cambridge Open Engage. We offer partners such as learned societies, departments, and many more.","linkImage":{"title":"Branded Hubs","description":"Cambridge Open Engage logo with Branded Hubs banner with yellow background on Cambridge Core website.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1HYQfWBUMmFh5cxXT4ASk3/dd42f22e9034baad9e25666308f03055/Branded_hubs.JPG","details":{"size":13529,"image":{"width":318,"height":192}},"fileName":"Branded hubs.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Cambridge Open Engage logo with Branded Hubs banner with yellow background on Cambridge Core website.","slug":"engage-branded-hubs","introTitle":"Branded Hubs","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Event Workspaces","pageBlurb":"We offer branded event spaces where you can share outputs from events, offer commenting features allowing attendees to ask questions, and much more.","linkImage":{"title":"Event Workspaces","description":"Cambridge Open Engage with logo Event Workspaces banner with a yellow background on Cambridge Core website.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/1JNYmsm8HkoalS94741ud2/0299af5939154363dff989acb51ae3b3/Event_workspaces.JPG","details":{"size":13881,"image":{"width":320,"height":192}},"fileName":"Event workspaces.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Cambridge Open Engage with logo Event Workspaces banner with a yellow background on Cambridge Core website.","slug":"engage-event-workspaces","introTitle":"Event Workspaces","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"Partner Resources","pageBlurb":"Spread the word to your researchers by sending them to Cambridge Open Engage, or contact us if you'd like to discuss tailored messaging for your community.","linkImage":{"title":"Partner Resources","description":"Cambridge Open Engage with logo Partner Resources banner with a yellow background on Cambridge Core website.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/2NdKUR1NBikcoqYsjp1ePQ/0838ba4b5725badec595663d5ab08147/Partner_resources.JPG","details":{"size":13317,"image":{"width":316,"height":190}},"fileName":"Partner resources.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"Cambridge Open Engage with logo Partner Resources banner with a yellow background on Cambridge Core website.","slug":"engage-partner-resources","introTitle":"Partner Resources","introText":"A selection of resources to aid partners with informing their members, staff, authors and editors about the benefits and functionality of Cambridge Open Engage.","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"APSA Preprints","pageBlurb":"APSA Preprints is a free-to-access pre-publication platform dedicated to early research outputs in political science, and developed through the collaboration of the American Political Science Association and Cambridge University Press.","linkImage":{"title":"APSA Preprints Banner","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/37QmpvOaJxxp9ksVaulObU/6ea66e49ff4f3d920eb5c43db27c02ce/APSA-Preprints.jpg","details":{"size":40928,"image":{"width":2000,"height":440}},"fileName":"APSA-Preprints.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"APSA Preprints American Political Science Association logo banner with blue and green text color at the right and a cut circle at the left.","slug":"engage-apsa-preprints","introTitle":"APSA Preprints","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}},{"name":"staticPage","value":{"pageTitle":"APSA Preprints FAQs","pageBlurb":"If you have any questions about APSA Preprints that are not addressed by the FAQs or User Guide, you can contact preprints@apsanet.org.","linkImage":{"title":"APSA Preprints Banner","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/ulsp6w1o06p0/37QmpvOaJxxp9ksVaulObU/6ea66e49ff4f3d920eb5c43db27c02ce/APSA-Preprints.jpg","details":{"size":40928,"image":{"width":2000,"height":440}},"fileName":"APSA-Preprints.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}},"altText":"APSA Preprints American Political Science Association logo banner with blue and green text color at the right and a cut circle at the left.","slug":"engage-apsa-preprints-faqs","introTitle":"APSA Preprints FAQs","contentBlocks":[],"areas":["cambridge-open-engage"]}}],"slug":"cambridge-open-engage"}}]}}],"youtube":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Youtube","url":"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTK8KRW19hUVucVRHbIx73oLKUro8HXt0","ariaLabel":"Visit Cambridge University Press Youtube account. Opens in a new tab."}},"xTwitter":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"xTwitter","url":"https://twitter.com/CambridgeCore","ariaLabel":"Visit Cambridge University Press X account. Opens in a new tab."}},"facebook":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/CambridgeCore","ariaLabel":"Visit Cambridge University Press Facebook account. Opens in a new tab."}},"instagram":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Instagram","url":"https://www.instagram.com/cambridgeuniversitypress/","ariaLabel":"Visit Cambridge University Press Instagram account. Opens in a new tab."}},"linkedin":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/11096649","ariaLabel":"Visit Cambridge University Press Linkedin account. Opens in a new tab."}},"accessibility":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Accessibility","url":"/core/accessibility","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Core accessibility page"}},"contactAndHelp":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Contact & Help","url":"/core/help/FAQs","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Core contact & help page"}},"legalNotices":{"name":"url","value":{"title":"Legal notices","url":"/core/legal-notices/terms","ariaLabel":"Cambridge Core legal notices page"}}}},"locations":[{"id":"4cceb186-9e0f-4a5c-9cae-5fb7faf7c98e","alpha2Code":"AF","alpha3Code":"AFG","shortName":"Afghanistan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"1","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7a8af489-758b-4a78-832d-dd9e754b5512","alpha2Code":"AX","alpha3Code":"ALA","shortName":"Aland Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"240","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6ec2aa7c-8144-4413-9a53-1e477c4c836a","alpha2Code":"AL","alpha3Code":"ALB","shortName":"Albania","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"2","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"522e3e12-6761-4d4d-bcaa-eb24f87aec05","alpha2Code":"DZ","alpha3Code":"DZA","shortName":"Algeria","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"3","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a01524a2-a472-44b6-9ebe-a61fd156973d","alpha2Code":"AS","alpha3Code":"ASM","shortName":"American Samoa","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"4","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"8317dd2d-d1f4-4009-ad3c-457ab2ba3a14","alpha2Code":"AD","alpha3Code":"AND","shortName":"Andorra","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"5","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"1bf09008-eab9-4805-bdd4-2158a298f1f9","alpha2Code":"AO","alpha3Code":"AGO","shortName":"Angola","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"6","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"ea735233-adeb-4652-8f09-22420fc62809","alpha2Code":"AI","alpha3Code":"AIA","shortName":"Anguilla","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"7","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"20d19e9e-af37-4d13-a146-799796d8b6c0","alpha2Code":"AQ","alpha3Code":"ATA","shortName":"Antarctica","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"8","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"075b9cdb-8bcd-4afa-bea8-38fcb3a91d03","alpha2Code":"AG","alpha3Code":"ATG","shortName":"Antigua and Barbuda","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"9","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"5e891ca3-69c1-429c-9673-4b0ca191b8f4","alpha2Code":"AR","alpha3Code":"ARG","shortName":"Argentina","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"10","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0ee9aa6f-ad1f-4760-95d4-4d233a39b6fe","alpha2Code":"AM","alpha3Code":"ARM","shortName":"Armenia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"11","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"c01b6345-36af-4b5e-804b-81e4def241ff","alpha2Code":"AW","alpha3Code":"ABW","shortName":"Aruba","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"12","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"49d6f1dc-ca68-42f8-9f0f-3906decfe986","alpha2Code":"AU","alpha3Code":"AUS","shortName":"Australia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"13","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"AUD","ecommLabel":"Total (incl. GST)","sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f8c6231d-104b-45f9-b8bd-59d058c26617","alpha2Code":"AT","alpha3Code":"AUT","shortName":"Austria","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"14","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e6898057-dce5-4267-9839-6f246dc56655","alpha2Code":"AZ","alpha3Code":"AZE","shortName":"Azerbaijan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"15","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"5303e81f-50eb-474d-9de4-642d76633624","alpha2Code":"BS","alpha3Code":"BHS","shortName":"Bahamas","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"16","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"b39f1489-b2e0-4c8c-af10-6c1a1d1d51c8","alpha2Code":"BH","alpha3Code":"BHR","shortName":"Bahrain","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"17","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"813ffe7c-1bdc-43b7-a14c-ffe7d7c0da9d","alpha2Code":"BD","alpha3Code":"BGD","shortName":"Bangladesh","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"18","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"D","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"5e8eb00f-958a-440e-b98d-d3c0d7fc98c3","alpha2Code":"BB","alpha3Code":"BRB","shortName":"Barbados","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"19","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"3046521d-29d4-40f3-853e-3f401ead4807","alpha2Code":"BY","alpha3Code":"BLR","shortName":"Belarus","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"20","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f1e88a22-8adc-4a00-bbb2-a99ec1b6ec39","alpha2Code":"BE","alpha3Code":"BEL","shortName":"Belgium","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"21","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"1823ccfc-72e0-4af3-bba7-74ef903f39c5","alpha2Code":"BZ","alpha3Code":"BLZ","shortName":"Belize","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"22","cupBranch":"O","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"05e40998-408c-474d-9d60-bc9d29780ef6","alpha2Code":"BJ","alpha3Code":"BEN","shortName":"Benin","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"23","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"76d1cd2b-973d-4f95-ae34-60dae74043da","alpha2Code":"BM","alpha3Code":"BMU","shortName":"Bermuda","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"24","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d9890163-5116-4417-aff7-73eee8cf767b","alpha2Code":"BT","alpha3Code":"BTN","shortName":"Bhutan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"25","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"D","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"2c1cf90a-805b-461b-a568-d5123004356a","alpha2Code":"BO","alpha3Code":"BOL","shortName":"Bolivia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"26","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"80dac76f-ee03-48f1-bbad-f2dd3a05b557","alpha2Code":"BA","alpha3Code":"BIH","shortName":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"241","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"83ded62f-d6fa-4269-8389-6bb6d3530551","alpha2Code":"BW","alpha3Code":"BWA","shortName":"Botswana","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"28","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"1f520814-af4f-4c4f-94ba-9d2f33b1c1f8","alpha2Code":"BV","alpha3Code":"BVT","shortName":"Bouvet Island","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"29","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"3f620225-dde7-4487-a6a1-bb59b383a939","alpha2Code":"BR","alpha3Code":"BRA","shortName":"Brazil","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"30","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"218df5a9-9145-46cd-927c-09d58d5f9dd5","alpha2Code":"IO","alpha3Code":"IOT","shortName":"British Indian Ocean Territory","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"31","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"874a057f-d7b0-413d-a102-b900fa63d3c7","alpha2Code":"BN","alpha3Code":"BRN","shortName":"Brunei Darussalam","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"32","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f8fcfe8b-de4f-4249-82a9-b25c53f752a7","alpha2Code":"BG","alpha3Code":"BGR","shortName":"Bulgaria","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"33","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"825c267c-010c-4686-9e3a-8d9a102481d9","alpha2Code":"BF","alpha3Code":"BFA","shortName":"Burkina Faso","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"34","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"c64375a9-61b0-44d2-94de-43fc25389cfc","alpha2Code":"BI","alpha3Code":"BDI","shortName":"Burundi","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"35","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f571cf28-91cb-4c0d-8a4b-debd3047ab42","alpha2Code":"KH","alpha3Code":"KHM","shortName":"Cambodia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"36","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"5ee10546-d2a4-40c8-b221-02baac2aceb7","alpha2Code":"CM","alpha3Code":"CMR","shortName":"Cameroon","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"37","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"df5651a0-e129-4f1b-b6ad-2f2dc1a61f70","alpha2Code":"CA","alpha3Code":"CAN","shortName":"Canada","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"38","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"fb011ad1-74ca-4235-a7ba-5003ba82e3de","alpha2Code":"CV","alpha3Code":"CPV","shortName":"Cape Verde","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"39","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f38f6d00-c96d-4362-b92f-8eb37b011f40","alpha2Code":"KY","alpha3Code":"CYM","shortName":"Cayman Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"40","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"c0add3c3-c40b-4cda-b80f-acf3b8e0224e","alpha2Code":"CF","alpha3Code":"CAF","shortName":"Central African Republic","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"41","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"579966ba-d860-4886-94d0-e67d02f84a3e","alpha2Code":"TD","alpha3Code":"TCD","shortName":"Chad","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"42","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"b2179410-845b-4891-8e62-968eb7eb1b9e","alpha2Code":"IM","alpha3Code":"IMN","shortName":"Channel Islands, Isle of Man","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"243","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"621336c2-1da9-432a-9c7b-d3d5839ed6ab","alpha2Code":"CL","alpha3Code":"CHL","shortName":"Chile","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"43","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"296c1d80-767f-4036-912b-5f73422f1a22","alpha2Code":"CN","alpha3Code":"CHN","shortName":"China","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"44","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":1,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"eb60ae74-39b7-4400-bf55-0d65502a6c73","alpha2Code":"CX","alpha3Code":"CXR","shortName":"Christmas Island","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"45","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"048a93ca-514c-42cc-b460-cf620e540eb0","alpha2Code":"CC","alpha3Code":"CCK","shortName":"Cocos (Keeling) Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"46","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"93f3e798-c2b9-4240-be44-9e1b60e837cc","alpha2Code":"CO","alpha3Code":"COL","shortName":"Colombia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"47","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9b9db9aa-5411-4d1d-b663-f090006a0f07","alpha2Code":"KM","alpha3Code":"COM","shortName":"Comoros","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"48","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"893b2388-9613-4a21-b513-7cb3af28ca02","alpha2Code":"CG","alpha3Code":"COG","shortName":"Congo","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"49","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"1f635c2a-859c-45e7-9c82-6b985d327344","alpha2Code":"CD","alpha3Code":"COD","shortName":"Congo, The Democratic Republic of the","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"242","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e1b80aee-0209-4a3f-bbd1-eb7eaf5b8d4a","alpha2Code":"CK","alpha3Code":"COK","shortName":"Cook Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"50","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"801c58d4-4ad9-42a6-867d-71e9aa0fa6fd","alpha2Code":"CR","alpha3Code":"CRI","shortName":"Costa Rica","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"51","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7b6c730a-0a5a-4404-b790-98d5795ef876","alpha2Code":"CI","alpha3Code":"CIV","shortName":"Cote D'Ivoire","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"52","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e223963e-bacb-4397-b9d4-a2b6089ed2df","alpha2Code":"HR","alpha3Code":"HRV","shortName":"Croatia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"53","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"2b7a9450-97e2-482d-b493-dec2c8d6271a","alpha2Code":"CU","alpha3Code":"CUB","shortName":"Cuba","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"54","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":1,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9c1673be-ad0d-4ace-beb1-bc90aa7aaa81","alpha2Code":"CY","alpha3Code":"CYP","shortName":"Cyprus","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"55","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a882aa2a-0c36-463c-8bcc-f7a39b4afc30","alpha2Code":"CZ","alpha3Code":"CZE","shortName":"Czech Republic","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"56","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"2c65e5f6-06d7-47f5-96b1-a4de391bd665","alpha2Code":"DK","alpha3Code":"DNK","shortName":"Denmark","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"57","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"27fc0d3d-d582-408c-aba4-405b9d47561f","alpha2Code":"DJ","alpha3Code":"DJI","shortName":"Djibouti","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"58","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0ca16a87-f6e1-4d66-b97a-a2b0d0c47a12","alpha2Code":"DM","alpha3Code":"DMA","shortName":"Dominica","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"59","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e81463fc-6dca-4065-b460-3788de92c400","alpha2Code":"DO","alpha3Code":"DOM","shortName":"Dominican Republic","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"60","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"Q","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e36b7e41-87f5-4cf2-b989-e98cf2302c15","alpha2Code":"TP","alpha3Code":"TMP","shortName":"East Timor","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"61","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0a3f7221-8e0b-4544-87aa-39d757fea3b8","alpha2Code":"EC","alpha3Code":"ECU","shortName":"Ecuador","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"62","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"6f4e6491-3e03-4c7f-9150-7bfa50ee6432","alpha2Code":"EG","alpha3Code":"EGY","shortName":"Egypt","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"63","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"43351744-5158-4569-a9a8-946c9ac2245a","alpha2Code":"SV","alpha3Code":"SLV","shortName":"El Salvador","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"64","cupBranch":"O","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7000fd0d-4dc6-4d1a-90fe-e5353a407af5","alpha2Code":"GQ","alpha3Code":"GNQ","shortName":"Equatorial Guinea","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"65","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"20a43d20-1135-4a18-8c6a-6bcd6f9793b1","alpha2Code":"ER","alpha3Code":"ERI","shortName":"Eritrea","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"66","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"be3990d4-098b-4294-ae25-5b5b5ad4079c","alpha2Code":"EE","alpha3Code":"EST","shortName":"Estonia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"67","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"57314c79-55a8-4792-8365-6a2ba72a104a","alpha2Code":"ET","alpha3Code":"ETH","shortName":"Ethiopia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"68","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"fa4b8ced-ff82-4ca9-9452-caad93f772fb","alpha2Code":"FK","alpha3Code":"FLK","shortName":"Falkland Islands (Malvinas)","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"69","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"45c3a918-4f45-4640-b62e-5a41cb3a7f90","alpha2Code":"FO","alpha3Code":"FRO","shortName":"Faroe Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"70","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a2f4e53e-19ba-4795-83c6-616f537e57b3","alpha2Code":"FJ","alpha3Code":"FJI","shortName":"Fiji","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"71","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"865d0154-f45c-44f1-93f0-f2ea86ea51fc","alpha2Code":"FI","alpha3Code":"FIN","shortName":"Finland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"72","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"05dd7d5d-8a87-43e0-85c7-8c759916e772","alpha2Code":"FR","alpha3Code":"FRA","shortName":"France","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"73","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"03497ee5-48ee-4cdc-b775-0ade025586d4","alpha2Code":"GF","alpha3Code":"GUF","shortName":"French Guiana","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"75","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"791e2817-e292-4258-beb9-2a6c94bb5d69","alpha2Code":"PF","alpha3Code":"PYF","shortName":"French Polynesia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"76","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"bb9290d9-fb8e-4529-baf9-b27e5528980d","alpha2Code":"TF","alpha3Code":"ATF","shortName":"French Southern Territories","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"77","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"afaa83a3-f2db-4be0-bdca-5453f35f1ae7","alpha2Code":"GA","alpha3Code":"GAB","shortName":"Gabon","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"78","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"68325bad-f70d-4ffd-b67c-5de5ebdfecbd","alpha2Code":"GM","alpha3Code":"GMB","shortName":"Gambia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"79","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a9a68e5f-bb52-481d-bbe6-b652ac54f20d","alpha2Code":"GE","alpha3Code":"GEO","shortName":"Georgia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"80","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"94230303-e27a-4c7e-83c0-59f3b65cb72b","alpha2Code":"DE","alpha3Code":"DEU","shortName":"Germany","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"81","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"40151893-12fb-4cc2-8564-33d43fcdb38b","alpha2Code":"GH","alpha3Code":"GHA","shortName":"Ghana","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"82","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"fcb90596-ccc1-4c0d-9c21-12786102ca92","alpha2Code":"GI","alpha3Code":"GIB","shortName":"Gibraltar","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"83","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"51d2507a-91a0-43cd-824b-a7cbd20bb1f6","alpha2Code":"GR","alpha3Code":"GRC","shortName":"Greece","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"84","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"30514745-a50b-448e-90d9-c3bf603f9218","alpha2Code":"GL","alpha3Code":"GRL","shortName":"Greenland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"85","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"80e039ef-ccd8-4d9c-9651-01a75dbd2b18","alpha2Code":"GD","alpha3Code":"GRD","shortName":"Grenada","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"86","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"cb2cecc3-84ae-4a09-b0c5-1e2e94274264","alpha2Code":"GP","alpha3Code":"GLP","shortName":"Guadeloupe","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"87","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"187928f6-cd34-4669-b48a-077f7562c651","alpha2Code":"GU","alpha3Code":"GUM","shortName":"Guam","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"88","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"3cf99d09-1a9d-4e56-b0ff-a3f886a242dd","alpha2Code":"GT","alpha3Code":"GTM","shortName":"Guatemala","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"89","cupBranch":"O","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0c0bd020-ee8f-458b-84ba-c4969b8f3d9e","alpha2Code":"GG","alpha3Code":"GGY","shortName":"Guernsey","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"256","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"05f3afe1-7c4f-4ca2-962d-0db4aa6b410c","alpha2Code":"GN","alpha3Code":"GIN","shortName":"Guinea","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"90","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"2f917b45-0301-4eca-bf2c-3644498bb848","alpha2Code":"GW","alpha3Code":"GNB","shortName":"Guinea-bissau","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"91","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"dcaf4941-7baa-41b4-9b00-3464cd91eff9","alpha2Code":"GY","alpha3Code":"GUY","shortName":"Guyana","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"92","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"c33a6cf0-d4fc-443d-b9e6-d42f630d1af2","alpha2Code":"HT","alpha3Code":"HTI","shortName":"Haiti","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"93","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e6179487-b4ca-4d8f-92ab-a7864b84f85d","alpha2Code":"HM","alpha3Code":"HMD","shortName":"Heard and Mc Donald Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"94","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d11f91c5-5187-4d08-b48d-9077a0768435","alpha2Code":"HN","alpha3Code":"HND","shortName":"Honduras","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"95","cupBranch":"O","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"b67c3d03-f527-4dbd-a07d-01a82bef1107","alpha2Code":"HK","alpha3Code":"HKG","shortName":"Hong Kong","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"96","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"47b97900-a473-4bf5-981b-9de200e6b34f","alpha2Code":"HU","alpha3Code":"HUN","shortName":"Hungary","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"97","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"614cb0b5-e364-44d9-8c58-ff8d88a58156","alpha2Code":"IS","alpha3Code":"ISL","shortName":"Iceland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"98","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"bd34cc15-3c6e-40a6-a0d4-e5d564a28536","alpha2Code":"IN","alpha3Code":"IND","shortName":"India","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"99","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"D","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"87f30ea0-a22f-40b0-aeb6-6a35d7f32bf3","alpha2Code":"ID","alpha3Code":"IDN","shortName":"Indonesia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"100","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"c01d7696-a9ab-4703-9e1a-78e5607d9352","alpha2Code":"IR","alpha3Code":"IRN","shortName":"Iran, Islamic Republic of","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"244","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":1,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0ceb019d-6fbd-4deb-9f86-024807ca8aa2","alpha2Code":"IQ","alpha3Code":"IRQ","shortName":"Iraq","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"102","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"84740583-b333-4f4a-8a42-3a211eaa7af3","alpha2Code":"IE","alpha3Code":"IRL","shortName":"Ireland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"103","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"979019bc-315b-4619-9a23-9eb96fa30b42","alpha2Code":"IL","alpha3Code":"ISR","shortName":"Israel","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"104","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a0301abd-eeaf-4e34-b578-328b434dce05","alpha2Code":"IT","alpha3Code":"ITA","shortName":"Italy","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"105","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a082a2fa-fece-4cda-978a-af61bb51f297","alpha2Code":"JM","alpha3Code":"JAM","shortName":"Jamaica","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"106","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e0d7d043-51c6-4e34-8609-0f26b56bbaa3","alpha2Code":"JP","alpha3Code":"JPN","shortName":"Japan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"107","cupBranch":"F","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"cf6cbfe5-435d-4f16-b202-b75935b9bfd1","alpha2Code":"JE","alpha3Code":"JEY","shortName":"Jersey","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"254","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"301a18e0-a4ff-4454-b99a-1f7ddaf960fc","alpha2Code":"JO","alpha3Code":"JOR","shortName":"Jordan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"108","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a2be4056-1959-41fd-b83b-a1a6e6790668","alpha2Code":"KZ","alpha3Code":"KAZ","shortName":"Kazakhstan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"109","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"8a09cfd7-9e32-461f-9814-51cf3d205afa","alpha2Code":"KE","alpha3Code":"KEN","shortName":"Kenya","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"110","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0e97bf1b-5058-4bcf-9e56-e3e59ec097bf","alpha2Code":"KI","alpha3Code":"KIR","shortName":"Kiribati","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"111","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f78723d2-da0d-4208-b398-d64225f3db40","alpha2Code":"KP","alpha3Code":"PRK","shortName":"Korea, Democratic People's Republic of","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"112","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":1,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"77f81edb-1401-4d4a-a221-6e17780dcc64","alpha2Code":"KR","alpha3Code":"KOR","shortName":"Korea, Republic of","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"113","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e4f2006174dd3a2b0174f952ffbb141b","alpha2Code":"XK","alpha3Code":"UNK","shortName":"Kosovo","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"0","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d309f426-ed06-491e-af88-ae18beb738d3","alpha2Code":"KW","alpha3Code":"KWT","shortName":"Kuwait","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"114","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"8be878e2-8c54-4b7c-b0b4-45f440cc39a4","alpha2Code":"KG","alpha3Code":"KGZ","shortName":"Kyrgyzstan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"115","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"22b8d6c8-a08f-4ce2-b547-c075e7402d5d","alpha2Code":"LA","alpha3Code":"LAO","shortName":"Lao People's Democratic Republic","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"116","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"66842dc2-54f5-4545-8fe9-10825844cd0b","alpha2Code":"LV","alpha3Code":"LVA","shortName":"Latvia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"117","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f2344dfd-803e-438b-b83b-2d83411344f5","alpha2Code":"LB","alpha3Code":"LBN","shortName":"Lebanon","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"118","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"cf97eb3b-a38a-4d0a-a86d-3c62af7cc102","alpha2Code":"LS","alpha3Code":"LSO","shortName":"Lesotho","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"119","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0d696510-0141-46c3-a9dd-73032d1dc369","alpha2Code":"LR","alpha3Code":"LBR","shortName":"Liberia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"120","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e8da5281-6f13-4500-844c-af6e50a1817d","alpha2Code":"LY","alpha3Code":"LBY","shortName":"Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"121","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9e30228c-05f0-465e-8227-9deb4392ec80","alpha2Code":"LI","alpha3Code":"LIE","shortName":"Liechtenstein","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"122","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f18fcd58-f002-4a29-bddd-88ab368390e4","alpha2Code":"LT","alpha3Code":"LTU","shortName":"Lithuania","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"123","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"bf550d77-9986-49c0-bda6-f8df4a33731b","alpha2Code":"LU","alpha3Code":"LUX","shortName":"Luxembourg","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"124","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6142574e-44d7-4df3-b80f-11e0a1ffa8e1","alpha2Code":"MO","alpha3Code":"MAC","shortName":"Macau","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"125","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"b61d957a-4d6a-46a1-9df6-eafbd496bcc4","alpha2Code":"MK","alpha3Code":"MKD","shortName":"Macedonia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"247","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f9c8f20a-0224-4405-a2b4-2dddeb899216","alpha2Code":"MG","alpha3Code":"MDG","shortName":"Madagascar","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"127","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a1e24326-20ed-4e87-a4b5-852bcba55fc7","alpha2Code":"MW","alpha3Code":"MWI","shortName":"Malawi","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"128","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"55e049f1-34d1-4a72-84db-6b20eb50be32","alpha2Code":"MY","alpha3Code":"MYS","shortName":"Malaysia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"129","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"b43dce9c-06f7-489e-b21b-1b581fd1b376","alpha2Code":"MV","alpha3Code":"MDV","shortName":"Maldives","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"130","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"D","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f2186aa4-a2e6-472e-b953-e2cff11e723a","alpha2Code":"ML","alpha3Code":"MLI","shortName":"Mali","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"131","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7a0ab8e8-39b3-4db9-bf76-fc6788ab0791","alpha2Code":"MT","alpha3Code":"MLT","shortName":"Malta","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"132","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"851a02c7-636d-4906-9178-375d5dca7138","alpha2Code":"MH","alpha3Code":"MHL","shortName":"Marshall Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"133","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"33938e2e-84d6-47f9-af01-6544c2556a5f","alpha2Code":"MQ","alpha3Code":"MTQ","shortName":"Martinique","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"134","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"ee4f5569-bdd1-407b-957d-d1242217c485","alpha2Code":"MR","alpha3Code":"MRT","shortName":"Mauritania","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"135","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9eab61a4-b4e2-4a36-a057-f5db49aea119","alpha2Code":"MU","alpha3Code":"MUS","shortName":"Mauritius","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"136","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"68048470-cbf1-46b1-8f48-69d4c29c111e","alpha2Code":"YT","alpha3Code":"MYT","shortName":"Mayotte","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"137","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"2870e1d0-f8d8-44fc-8b14-f7edb8503b86","alpha2Code":"MX","alpha3Code":"MEX","shortName":"Mexico","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"138","cupBranch":"O","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7c3a61f7-61e4-4675-af2d-0e42f46cf477","alpha2Code":"FM","alpha3Code":"FSM","shortName":"Micronesia, Federated States of","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"139","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d6389849-d545-4980-99a2-541aa9b9ee17","alpha2Code":"MD","alpha3Code":"MDA","shortName":"Moldova, Republic of","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"140","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"379a1832-9838-44d1-b577-184ca5f5daff","alpha2Code":"MC","alpha3Code":"MCO","shortName":"Monaco","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"141","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"cc8ff54a-a9e7-41f4-b3c6-f63599d081e1","alpha2Code":"MN","alpha3Code":"MNG","shortName":"Mongolia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"142","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6d6467a5-7349-4779-b335-631dda710c21","alpha2Code":"ME","alpha3Code":"MNE","shortName":"Montenegro","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"246","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a53aa839-afc4-4570-9d12-3733f9afd851","alpha2Code":"MS","alpha3Code":"MSR","shortName":"Montserrat","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"143","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6db8c37d-c5a0-43db-812f-539c8ff3dd8a","alpha2Code":"MA","alpha3Code":"MAR","shortName":"Morocco","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"144","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"730b89e1-8ee5-47cf-a292-28758e3a7f20","alpha2Code":"MZ","alpha3Code":"MOZ","shortName":"Mozambique","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"145","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"5ce552e1-eedc-4350-a4c6-f6a2898def41","alpha2Code":"MM","alpha3Code":"MMR","shortName":"Myanmar","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"146","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"63b3ee95-fe51-4901-a7ae-fc0bc2cd81df","alpha2Code":"NA","alpha3Code":"NAM","shortName":"Namibia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"147","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d3ae3784-58d2-48ee-a6f1-9749a339c902","alpha2Code":"NR","alpha3Code":"NRU","shortName":"Nauru","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"148","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"042203fb-c380-4c2b-8d90-f97239823d9f","alpha2Code":"NP","alpha3Code":"NPL","shortName":"Nepal","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"149","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"D","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"8623257e-9ce6-4fd7-aff5-1858ca8c1545","alpha2Code":"NL","alpha3Code":"NLD","shortName":"Netherlands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"150","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"97a6b88a-5cea-4541-ad90-ea14531d1e89","alpha2Code":"AN","alpha3Code":"ANT","shortName":"Netherlands Antilles","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"151","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"8129284e-e369-4380-be57-644541694140","alpha2Code":"NC","alpha3Code":"NCL","shortName":"New Caledonia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"152","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"fa967094-29de-42a2-99e4-2a8deb0eecc3","alpha2Code":"NZ","alpha3Code":"NZL","shortName":"New Zealand","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"153","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":"Total (incl. GST)","sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"20c4ce92-62d7-447a-98e7-48722dbc7f8c","alpha2Code":"NI","alpha3Code":"NIC","shortName":"Nicaragua","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"154","cupBranch":"O","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"39d2607b-d95e-48bc-8722-9af51474faac","alpha2Code":"NE","alpha3Code":"NER","shortName":"Niger","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"155","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0e6848ae-cbc9-4e95-8c06-193a6025a20a","alpha2Code":"NG","alpha3Code":"NGA","shortName":"Nigeria","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"156","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"825aee1c-2546-432c-a8ce-fe8533971658","alpha2Code":"NU","alpha3Code":"NIU","shortName":"Niue","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"157","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"798cfed5-ffd1-40d0-bd63-6ea5438b0511","alpha2Code":"NF","alpha3Code":"NFK","shortName":"Norfolk Island","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"158","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e0ea495c-ad0d-4de3-a171-896216b1406a","alpha2Code":"MP","alpha3Code":"MNP","shortName":"Northern Mariana Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"159","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"acd087bf-0c83-4c18-83a7-b8d08cdfd5ac","alpha2Code":"NO","alpha3Code":"NOR","shortName":"Norway","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"160","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6cafeb12-f2c3-46ef-b9e2-3e5eb010f605","alpha2Code":"OM","alpha3Code":"OMN","shortName":"Oman","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"161","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"92af6c5d-aa6e-4f19-8260-7a9965860a59","alpha2Code":"PK","alpha3Code":"PAK","shortName":"Pakistan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"162","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"cfbd5050-98fe-4def-a217-98cece6f0237","alpha2Code":"PW","alpha3Code":"PLW","shortName":"Palau","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"163","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"bb3310cf-b407-416e-b3d9-523e2ce1d794","alpha2Code":"PS","alpha3Code":"PSE","shortName":"Palestinian Territory, Occupied","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"248","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e2f744c2-e5d0-491e-aa88-1421e18615bc","alpha2Code":"PA","alpha3Code":"PAN","shortName":"Panama","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"164","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"2688a966-22e0-4d18-b5f0-c1e2e2ad65d0","alpha2Code":"PG","alpha3Code":"PNG","shortName":"Papua New Guinea","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"165","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9f7b77ce-3572-417d-bbbf-22d90f13f704","alpha2Code":"PY","alpha3Code":"PRY","shortName":"Paraguay","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"166","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"4da3ee97-6df0-470d-98cf-562df8c8d164","alpha2Code":"PE","alpha3Code":"PER","shortName":"Peru","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"167","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0f106ec3-9de4-4f85-bb09-26d7830bbdf4","alpha2Code":"PH","alpha3Code":"PHL","shortName":"Philippines","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"168","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9c5b6ddf-210d-44ff-82b6-9ad51f915b83","alpha2Code":"PN","alpha3Code":"PCN","shortName":"Pitcairn","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"169","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"927b1ada-bf62-47c5-bbc0-df990fb2f818","alpha2Code":"PL","alpha3Code":"POL","shortName":"Poland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"170","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9b7febfc-d8ae-417c-9d43-e48a46dc4da8","alpha2Code":"PT","alpha3Code":"PRT","shortName":"Portugal","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"171","cupBranch":"I","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7bdc01da-9217-4e89-9976-fa3c171419bd","alpha2Code":"PR","alpha3Code":"PRI","shortName":"Puerto Rico","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"172","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"988553d3-7531-425e-9de8-94e45fdd9d18","alpha2Code":"QA","alpha3Code":"QAT","shortName":"Qatar","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"173","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"3afbb3fb-e115-43d4-b08e-cf0924bd652e","alpha2Code":"RE","alpha3Code":"REU","shortName":"Reunion","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"174","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a7590f7b-5da8-4887-aeee-f62ac89e7d73","alpha2Code":"RO","alpha3Code":"ROM","shortName":"Romania","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"175","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"927c85b7-545c-4c47-bf16-dece1a52bf76","alpha2Code":"RU","alpha3Code":"RUS","shortName":"Russian Federation","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"176","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":1,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0142ee9b-ef89-4a7f-8e5d-1560f14a849d","alpha2Code":"RW","alpha3Code":"RWA","shortName":"Rwanda","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"177","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"26ae3d8f-411c-4617-9e9f-e0240920ccff","alpha2Code":"KN","alpha3Code":"KNA","shortName":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"178","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"30aacdef-10e4-43bb-bc98-4a6764cb1636","alpha2Code":"LC","alpha3Code":"LCA","shortName":"Saint Lucia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"179","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"8a4e3f48-2458-4cd1-ade0-36e6a51d3508","alpha2Code":"VC","alpha3Code":"VCT","shortName":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"180","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"40904289-77be-48b6-94fc-962f1f4af37d","alpha2Code":"WS","alpha3Code":"WSM","shortName":"Samoa","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"181","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"697b639c-700f-4829-aafd-0aef39d0b2ae","alpha2Code":"SM","alpha3Code":"SMR","shortName":"San Marino","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"182","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"620b7524-57af-4fc6-a18d-84983311633b","alpha2Code":"ST","alpha3Code":"STP","shortName":"Sao Tome and Principe","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"183","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"831a8227-0d4c-4bef-991b-d81f06aafbf4","alpha2Code":"SA","alpha3Code":"SAU","shortName":"Saudi Arabia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"184","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"0927ed95-6d83-450f-b038-f2960f2dad79","alpha2Code":"SN","alpha3Code":"SEN","shortName":"Senegal","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"185","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"d99ef40c-1a85-4077-881d-2f4c7c6f3046","alpha2Code":"RS","alpha3Code":"SRB","shortName":"Serbia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"249","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"7bb7c2ce-5a84-4f0b-9ed4-d054ff932a0d","alpha2Code":"SC","alpha3Code":"SYC","shortName":"Seychelles","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"186","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"5ae5bac7-79d4-4073-9f1f-7e9961b85b52","alpha2Code":"SL","alpha3Code":"SLE","shortName":"Sierra Leone","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"187","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"bc064ea8-099f-4a8a-a386-48431dabd194","alpha2Code":"SG","alpha3Code":"SGP","shortName":"Singapore","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"188","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"84e588f5-00f9-4992-a722-8bd05a47a68a","alpha2Code":"SK","alpha3Code":"SVK","shortName":"Slovakia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"250","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"ec5419a0-4f83-46e5-9f14-653580687402","alpha2Code":"SI","alpha3Code":"SVN","shortName":"Slovenia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"190","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e034000d-6fb7-4420-a23e-09af7c2ef1a5","alpha2Code":"SB","alpha3Code":"SLB","shortName":"Solomon Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"191","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"b4e18b13-68f5-4680-b634-c03793a9287b","alpha2Code":"SO","alpha3Code":"SOM","shortName":"Somalia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"192","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"11227fdf-051a-4520-89ef-315a5a39ec16","alpha2Code":"ZA","alpha3Code":"ZAF","shortName":"South Africa","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"193","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"2605c280-574a-4670-bb14-93f0ee29063f","alpha2Code":"GS","alpha3Code":"SGS","shortName":"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"194","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e4f2006174dd3a2b0174f94f00cc140b","alpha2Code":"SS","alpha3Code":"SSD","shortName":"South Sudan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"0","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"27f58fe2-7c39-486f-ac6a-26da3b68225b","alpha2Code":"ES","alpha3Code":"ESP","shortName":"Spain","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"195","cupBranch":"I","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9fe0fd0a-27d6-4723-8ceb-eaf40b45f064","alpha2Code":"LK","alpha3Code":"LKA","shortName":"Sri Lanka","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"196","cupBranch":"D","cupRegion":"D","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"8740a5ed-79e0-42a5-9769-6e6f035ff78b","alpha2Code":"SH","alpha3Code":"SHN","shortName":"St. Helena","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"197","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"16b75816-519b-43d4-81a4-10292ea39d1a","alpha2Code":"PM","alpha3Code":"SPM","shortName":"St. Pierre and Miquelon","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"198","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"5d27adfe-e461-4a2e-8703-5ec9ac6c1241","alpha2Code":"SD","alpha3Code":"SDN","shortName":"Sudan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"199","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6a7a0bf9-1b4d-4cc9-bf4f-fcef994b6716","alpha2Code":"SR","alpha3Code":"SUR","shortName":"Suriname","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"200","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"Q","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"874d22e5-1e92-4125-87ab-3471711ee562","alpha2Code":"SJ","alpha3Code":"SJM","shortName":"Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"201","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"233630f3-d0d7-46df-836b-cef65edd0705","alpha2Code":"SZ","alpha3Code":"SWZ","shortName":"Swaziland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"202","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"161e0c12-5539-472d-8681-47d12e0f7c87","alpha2Code":"SE","alpha3Code":"SWE","shortName":"Sweden","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"203","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e418e58e-6977-42f0-90f9-1edeb74c9620","alpha2Code":"CH","alpha3Code":"CHE","shortName":"Switzerland","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"204","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"970c958c-d257-4243-996c-5cf54a892450","alpha2Code":"SY","alpha3Code":"SYR","shortName":"Syrian Arab Republic","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"205","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":1,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"bb572853-7dfb-45b9-8d72-5d65f614e2d1","alpha2Code":"TW","alpha3Code":"TWN","shortName":"Taiwan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"206","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"115100c9-86b0-481e-9960-b19253485425","alpha2Code":"TJ","alpha3Code":"TJK","shortName":"Tajikistan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"207","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"43093a64-4dfb-49a0-ac35-a81d3ba8680d","alpha2Code":"TZ","alpha3Code":"TZA","shortName":"Tanzania, United Republic of","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"208","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"9de26d08-cbd0-46dd-95c3-d26c11b91ad9","alpha2Code":"TH","alpha3Code":"THA","shortName":"Thailand","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"209","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"e4f2006174dd3a2b0174f938e23413f1","alpha2Code":"TL","alpha3Code":"TLS","shortName":"Timor-Leste","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"0","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"396a394b-48bd-491d-8783-8e92c49cbf9c","alpha2Code":"TG","alpha3Code":"TGO","shortName":"Togo","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"210","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"c0ea7925-a0ec-4827-b13d-d7dc3666132a","alpha2Code":"TK","alpha3Code":"TKL","shortName":"Tokelau","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"211","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7f008c68-9ed3-444d-9fb7-fdcd6def32e8","alpha2Code":"TO","alpha3Code":"TON","shortName":"Tonga","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"212","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6cc3a480-5cc3-4aaa-b464-3a4638710353","alpha2Code":"TT","alpha3Code":"TTO","shortName":"Trinidad and Tobago","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"213","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"f8df523a-eb8b-4971-b5c0-d46bfc28d25e","alpha2Code":"TN","alpha3Code":"TUN","shortName":"Tunisia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"214","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"c92bc644-fdae-4111-9393-78a5d845a49d","alpha2Code":"TR","alpha3Code":"TUR","shortName":"Türkiye","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"215","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"63efbcff-1e4b-4821-99c1-d67174df50db","alpha2Code":"TM","alpha3Code":"TKM","shortName":"Turkmenistan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"216","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"560a128b-dabd-411b-ab88-2c3718176995","alpha2Code":"TC","alpha3Code":"TCA","shortName":"Turks and Caicos Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"217","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"48917d67-0131-4a0d-ba34-34b7844e4f99","alpha2Code":"TV","alpha3Code":"TUV","shortName":"Tuvalu","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"218","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"63c2a03c-2ef3-427d-8fc4-1c5fdd81cb28","alpha2Code":"UG","alpha3Code":"UGA","shortName":"Uganda","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"219","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a25acd1f-1576-4eed-99f3-e690fa8fcdaf","alpha2Code":"UA","alpha3Code":"UKR","shortName":"Ukraine","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"220","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"5b7988cb-c044-4d74-9eda-3262b689088f","alpha2Code":"AE","alpha3Code":"ARE","shortName":"United Arab Emirates","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"221","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"ba985020-38b1-45d7-89bd-fc95a625e0c7","alpha2Code":"GB","alpha3Code":"GBR","shortName":"United Kingdom","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"222","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"a22b6cd6-8a7d-404a-bfc3-f28fe1cc9df1","alpha2Code":"US","alpha3Code":"USA","shortName":"United States","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"223","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"230a425e-b19e-47ae-b07f-e6418807972b","alpha2Code":"UM","alpha3Code":"UMI","shortName":"United States Minor Outlying Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"224","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9379fd2c-ce6c-458c-b61d-8a554732ce5c","alpha2Code":"VI","alpha3Code":"VIR","shortName":"United States Virgin Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"253","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d282e488-3ecc-45ab-b72c-81dc0c885956","alpha2Code":"UY","alpha3Code":"URY","shortName":"Uruguay","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"225","cupBranch":"N","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"183122de-4fd8-4b1d-821d-ab89ddd09811","alpha2Code":"UZ","alpha3Code":"UZB","shortName":"Uzbekistan","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"226","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9971d148-7a5b-454e-ac18-3c19822988b3","alpha2Code":"VU","alpha3Code":"VUT","shortName":"Vanuatu","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"227","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"6475d530-8e6d-4abd-a7f0-f4b382cb6db2","alpha2Code":"VA","alpha3Code":"VAT","shortName":"Vatican City","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"251","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"EUR","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9a5b0169-d1c8-4c10-8fa2-32b4ecac4987","alpha2Code":"VE","alpha3Code":"VEN","shortName":"Venezuela","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"229","cupBranch":"Q","cupRegion":"N","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"745aab4b-9973-41c0-917f-0638e51f3b57","alpha2Code":"VN","alpha3Code":"VNM","shortName":"Vietnam","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"252","cupBranch":"E","cupRegion":"E","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9db772a9-22f5-43a9-b935-68ceb56a5a1c","alpha2Code":"VG","alpha3Code":"VGB","shortName":"Virgin Islands (British)","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"231","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"7bb4a17e-0a63-4141-9e19-b7851eb72937","alpha2Code":"WF","alpha3Code":"WLF","shortName":"Wallis and Futuna Islands","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"233","cupBranch":"A","cupRegion":"A","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"4a6f26bc-75ad-4d14-a9b8-689a4ec2c55d","alpha2Code":"EH","alpha3Code":"ESH","shortName":"Western Sahara","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"234","cupBranch":"NULL","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"9e2e344d-f7e3-4ae6-b10c-7f9acd4e7d16","alpha2Code":"YE","alpha3Code":"YEM","shortName":"Yemen","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"235","cupBranch":"C","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"USD","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false},{"id":"d0a991ff-3d63-4e93-9f2f-09261a2a874c","alpha2Code":"ZM","alpha3Code":"ZMB","shortName":"Zambia","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"238","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":0,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":true},{"id":"1f6641ed-117b-4cc6-8880-09b4eb72ae4c","alpha2Code":"ZW","alpha3Code":"ZWE","shortName":"Zimbabwe","status":"officially-assigned","kkCountryId":"239","cupBranch":"R","cupRegion":"C","regionCodes":[],"embargoedCountryDigital":0,"embargoedCountryPhysical":1,"currency":"GBP","ecommLabel":null,"sensitiveTerritory":false}]}</script> </div> <platform-footer id='platform-footer-wc' platform='core' env='prod' class='platform-footer-wc' is-preview='false' style="display: none" ></platform-footer> <script> const platformFooter = $('#platform-footer'); const platformFooterWc = $('#platform-footer-wc'); platformFooterWc.prop('initialData', window.__PLATFORM_FOOTER_DATA__); platformFooterWc.on('initialized', function () { platformFooter.hide(); platformFooterWc.show(); }); platformFooterWc.on('update-location', function (event) { $.post(AOP.baseUrl + '/services/country/override', { countryCode: event.originalEvent.detail[0].alpha2Code }, function () { window.location.reload(); window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight); // scroll the bottom of the page }) }) </script> <script src="/core/system/public/bower_components/foundation/js/foundation.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/jquery-lazy/jquery.lazy.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.autocomplete.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/foggy.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.textresizer.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/chosen.jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.sticky.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var AOP = AOP || {}; </script>   <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> window.AOP = window.AOP || {}; window.AOP.pageId = ''; window.AOP.baseUrl = '/core'; window.AOP.env = 'prod'; window.AOP.shouldUseCitationTool = true; </script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/foundationUtils.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/confirmModal.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/trimWhitespace.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/loadScript.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/isArray.js"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/parseQuerystring.js"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/createAlertBox.js"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/countryPicker.js"></script> <div id="confirmModalWrapper"> <div id="confirm-modal" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal role="dialog" aria-labelledby="confirmModalHeader"> <div class="wrapper"> <h1 class="title" id="confirmModalHeader"></h1> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <div class="panel callout message"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="small-12 large-6 columns"><a href="#" class="right small button radius transparent cancel">Cancel</a></div> <div class="small-12 large-6 columns"><a href="#" class="left small radius button blue confirm">Confirm</a></div> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="close-reveal-modal"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></a> </div> </div> <script src="/aca/shared-elements/platform-header-footer.umd.js" language="javascript"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/ecommerce/add-to-basket.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix" language="javascript"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/validation.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/core/system/public/js/revealModal.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>   <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> window.AOP = window.AOP || {}; window.AOP.webTrendsFpcdom = ''; window.AOP.webtrendsSourceId = ''; window.AOP.oracleInfinityAccountId = ''; window.AOP.isInternalTraffic = false; </script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/jquery-extend.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/additional.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/multilingual.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/analytics/cup-events.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/app.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/accessibility.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/analytics/listeners/counter.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/ga-events.js?v=v7.337.1-hotfix"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { if (typeof $(document).cupEvent === 'function') { $(document).cupEvent(); } AOP.initCounterReporter({ apiKey: 'qzD90fb0r257ZKVtGSFnG3UucyyMdgvu8u250Fa0', apiUrl: 'https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events', applicationId: '8a94020952a738f80152b223c992000b', identities: [], authenticationMethods: [], sessionId: 'Fa13YQTpnvl1r8xMtNwbk3pRpd8PzwhX', eventContext: '/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016' }) }); </script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e73e406d87787d1',t:'MTczMjM5MzU1MC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html> <div id="kindleModal" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal> <div class="header"> <h1 class="heading_07">Save article to Kindle</h1> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns margin-bottom"> <p>To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. <a href="/core/help">Find out more about saving to your Kindle</a>. </p> <p> Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. </p> <p> Find out more about the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=kinw_myk_wl_ln?ie=UTF8&nodeId=200767340#fees" target="_blank">Kindle Personal Document Service.</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="row book-title"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="heading_08"><div class="title">The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row book-details book-overview"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li class="volume-issue">Volume 114, <a href="">Issue 2</a></li> <li class="author"> <a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=JESSICA TROUNSTINE&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">JESSICA TROUNSTINE</a><a target="_blank" class="orcid-logo " href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2719" aria-label="Open the ORCID record for JESSICA TROUNSTINE in new tab/window"></a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup> </li> <li class="meta-info">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844" target="_blank" class="url">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row wrapper no-padding-top"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <form id="sendTokindleForm" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/sendto" method="GET"> <fieldset> <legend> <label for="kindleEmailAddress">Your Kindle email address</label> </legend> <div class="row"> <div class="large-6 columns"> <input name="kindleEmailAddress" id="kindleEmailAddress" type="text" value="" required="required"/> <small class="error kindleEmailAddress" style="display:none">Please provide your Kindle email.</small> </div> <div class="large-6 columns"> <label class="dInlineBlock"><input name="kindleEmailDomain" type="radio" checked="checked" value="free.kindle.com" />@free.kindle.com</label> <label class="dInlineBlock"><input name="kindleEmailDomain" type="radio" value="kindle.com" />@kindle.com (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=kinw_myk_wl_ln?ie=UTF8&nodeId=200767340#fees" target="_blank">service fees apply</a>)</label> </div> </div> </fieldset> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <fieldset> <legend>Available formats</legend> <label> <input type="checkbox" name="formats" class="formats" value="pdf" required /> PDF </label> <small class="error formats" style="display:none">Please select a format to save.</small> </fieldset> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <label for="usagePolicykindle"> <input type="checkbox" name="usagePolicykindle" id="usagePolicykindle" value="Usage" required/> By using this service, you agree that you will only keep content for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services <small class="error usagePolicy" style="display:none">Please confirm that you accept the terms of use.</small> </label> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="suppressTrackingEvent" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="service" value="kindle" /> <input type="hidden" name="documents" value="BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" /> <input type="hidden" name="finalReturn" value="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" /> <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="9mogJJ19-ui4zezIUJIz0cib-8JQGrfYf8Nk"> </form>  <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <button href="#" class="button radius transparent right closeModal">Cancel</button> </div> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <button type="submit" onClick="$('#sendTokindleForm').submit();" class="button blue radius left"> Save </button> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $('#sendTokindleForm').on('submit', validatekindleForm); var _formkindle = $('#sendTokindleForm'); function resetValidationkindleForm() { var _form = _formkindle; _form.find('.error.formats').hide(); _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide(); } function validatekindleFormats(e) { var _form = _formkindle; var errors = false; var formats = _form.find('input[name="formats"]:checked'); if (formats.length < 1) { _form.find('.error.formats').show(); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.formats').hide(); } return errors; } function validatekindleUsagePolicy(e) { var _form = _formkindle; var usagePolicy = _form.find('input[name="usagePolicykindle"]'); var errors = false; if (!usagePolicy.is(':checked')) { _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').show(); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide(); } return errors; } function validateKindleEmail(e) { var _form = _formkindle; var kindleEmailAddress = _form.find('input[name="kindleEmailAddress"]'); var errors = false; if (!kindleEmailAddress.val().trim()) { _form.find('.error.kindleEmailAddress').show(); kindleEmailAddress.addClass('error'); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.kindleEmailAddress').hide(); kindleEmailAddress.removeClass('error'); } return errors; } function validatekindleForm(e) { var _form = _formkindle; var resultPolicy = validatekindleUsagePolicy(); var resultFormats = validatekindleFormats(); if (resultPolicy) { $('#usagePolicykindle', _form).one('change', validatekindleUsagePolicy); } if (resultFormats) { $('.formats', _form).one('change', validatekindleFormats); } var resultKindleEmail = validateKindleEmail(e); if (resultKindleEmail) { $('input[name="kindleEmailAddress"]', _form).one('change', validateKindleEmail); } return !resultPolicy && !resultFormats && !resultKindleEmail; } $(document).ready(function () { // reset validation when the modal opens $(document).on('open.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function () { resetValidationkindleForm(); // automatically select if there's only one format if ($('#sendTokindleForm input[name="formats"]').length === 1) { $('#sendTokindleForm input[name="formats"]').prop('checked', true); } }); }); </script><div id="dropboxModal" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal> <div class="header"> <h1 class="heading_07">Save article to Dropbox</h1> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns margin-bottom"> <p> To save this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Dropbox account. <a href="/core/help">Find out more about saving content to Dropbox</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row book-title"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="heading_08"><div class="title">The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row book-details book-overview"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li class="volume-issue">Volume 114, <a href="">Issue 2</a></li> <li class="author"> <a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=JESSICA TROUNSTINE&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">JESSICA TROUNSTINE</a><a target="_blank" class="orcid-logo " href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2719" aria-label="Open the ORCID record for JESSICA TROUNSTINE in new tab/window"></a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup> </li> <li class="meta-info">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844" target="_blank" class="url">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row wrapper no-padding-top"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <form id="sendTodropboxForm" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/sendto" method="GET"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <fieldset> <legend>Available formats</legend> <label> <input type="checkbox" name="formats" class="formats" value="pdf" required /> PDF </label> <small class="error formats" style="display:none">Please select a format to save.</small> </fieldset> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <label for="usagePolicydropbox"> <input type="checkbox" name="usagePolicydropbox" id="usagePolicydropbox" value="Usage" required/> By using this service, you agree that you will only keep content for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services <small class="error usagePolicy" style="display:none">Please confirm that you accept the terms of use.</small> </label> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="suppressTrackingEvent" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="service" value="dropbox" /> <input type="hidden" name="documents" value="BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" /> <input type="hidden" name="finalReturn" value="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" /> <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="9mogJJ19-ui4zezIUJIz0cib-8JQGrfYf8Nk"> </form>  <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <button href="#" class="button radius transparent right closeModal">Cancel</button> </div> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <button type="submit" onClick="$('#sendTodropboxForm').submit();" class="button blue radius left"> Save </button> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $('#sendTodropboxForm').on('submit', validatedropboxForm); var _formdropbox = $('#sendTodropboxForm'); function resetValidationdropboxForm() { var _form = _formdropbox; _form.find('.error.formats').hide(); _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide(); } function validatedropboxFormats(e) { var _form = _formdropbox; var errors = false; var formats = _form.find('input[name="formats"]:checked'); if (formats.length < 1) { _form.find('.error.formats').show(); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.formats').hide(); } return errors; } function validatedropboxUsagePolicy(e) { var _form = _formdropbox; var usagePolicy = _form.find('input[name="usagePolicydropbox"]'); var errors = false; if (!usagePolicy.is(':checked')) { _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').show(); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide(); } return errors; } function validatedropboxForm(e) { var _form = _formdropbox; var resultPolicy = validatedropboxUsagePolicy(); var resultFormats = validatedropboxFormats(); if (resultPolicy) { $('#usagePolicydropbox', _form).one('change', validatedropboxUsagePolicy); } if (resultFormats) { $('.formats', _form).one('change', validatedropboxFormats); } return !resultPolicy && !resultFormats ; } $(document).ready(function () { // reset validation when the modal opens $(document).on('open.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function () { resetValidationdropboxForm(); // automatically select if there's only one format if ($('#sendTodropboxForm input[name="formats"]').length === 1) { $('#sendTodropboxForm input[name="formats"]').prop('checked', true); } }); }); </script><div id="googleDriveModal" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal> <div class="header"> <h1 class="heading_07">Save article to Google Drive</h1> </div> <div class="panel"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns margin-bottom"> <p> To save this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Google Drive account. <a href="/core/help">Find out more about saving content to Google Drive</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row book-title"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="heading_08"><div class="title">The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row book-details book-overview"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li class="volume-issue">Volume 114, <a href="">Issue 2</a></li> <li class="author"> <a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=JESSICA TROUNSTINE&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">JESSICA TROUNSTINE</a><a target="_blank" class="orcid-logo " href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2719" aria-label="Open the ORCID record for JESSICA TROUNSTINE in new tab/window"></a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup> </li> <li class="meta-info">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844" target="_blank" class="url">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000844</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row wrapper no-padding-top"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <form id="sendTogoogleDriveForm" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/sendto" method="GET"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <fieldset> <legend>Available formats</legend> <label> <input type="checkbox" name="formats" class="formats" value="pdf" required /> PDF </label> <small class="error formats" style="display:none">Please select a format to save.</small> </fieldset> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <label for="usagePolicygoogleDrive"> <input type="checkbox" name="usagePolicygoogleDrive" id="usagePolicygoogleDrive" value="Usage" required/> By using this service, you agree that you will only keep content for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services <small class="error usagePolicy" style="display:none">Please confirm that you accept the terms of use.</small> </label> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="suppressTrackingEvent" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="service" value="googleDrive" /> <input type="hidden" name="documents" value="BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" /> <input type="hidden" name="finalReturn" value="/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/geography-of-inequality-how-land-use-regulation-produces-segregation/BAB4ABDF014670550615CE670FF66016" /> <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="9mogJJ19-ui4zezIUJIz0cib-8JQGrfYf8Nk"> </form>  <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <button href="#" class="button radius transparent right closeModal">Cancel</button> </div> <div class="small-6 large-6 columns"> <button type="submit" onClick="$('#sendTogoogleDriveForm').submit();" class="button blue radius left"> Save </button> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $('#sendTogoogleDriveForm').on('submit', validategoogleDriveForm); var _formgoogleDrive = $('#sendTogoogleDriveForm'); function resetValidationgoogleDriveForm() { var _form = _formgoogleDrive; _form.find('.error.formats').hide(); _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide(); } function validategoogleDriveFormats(e) { var _form = _formgoogleDrive; var errors = false; var formats = _form.find('input[name="formats"]:checked'); if (formats.length < 1) { _form.find('.error.formats').show(); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.formats').hide(); } return errors; } function validategoogleDriveUsagePolicy(e) { var _form = _formgoogleDrive; var usagePolicy = _form.find('input[name="usagePolicygoogleDrive"]'); var errors = false; if (!usagePolicy.is(':checked')) { _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').show(); errors = true; } else { _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide(); } return errors; } function validategoogleDriveForm(e) { var _form = _formgoogleDrive; var resultPolicy = validategoogleDriveUsagePolicy(); var resultFormats = validategoogleDriveFormats(); if (resultPolicy) { $('#usagePolicygoogleDrive', _form).one('change', validategoogleDriveUsagePolicy); } if (resultFormats) { $('.formats', _form).one('change', validategoogleDriveFormats); } return !resultPolicy && !resultFormats ; } $(document).ready(function () { // reset validation when the modal opens $(document).on('open.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function () { resetValidationgoogleDriveForm(); // automatically select if there's only one format if ($('#sendTogoogleDriveForm input[name="formats"]').length === 1) { $('#sendTogoogleDriveForm input[name="formats"]').prop('checked', true); } }); }); </script><div id="post-comments-modal" class="reveal-modal data-reveal medium" data-reveal > <a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a> <section> <div class="title-underline"> <h4 class="heading_03"> <span class="reply-only">Reply to:</span> <span class="reply-only" id="reply-comment-title"></span> <span class="comments-only">Submit a response</span> </h4> <div class="border"></div> </div> <form id="postCommentsForm" autocomplete="off" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/comments/submit" method="POST" data-abide=""> <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="9mogJJ19-ui4zezIUJIz0cib-8JQGrfYf8Nk"> <input type="hidden" name="_pid" id="pid" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="_cid" id="cid" value=""> <div class="row"> <div class="row comments-only"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <label for="title">Title * <input name="title" id="title" type="text" maxlength="250" required="required" /> <small class="error">Please enter a title for your response.</small> </label> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <label class="inline" for="comment">Contents *</label> <span > <a href="#" data-dropdown="comment-tip" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="comment-tip" class="icon info tooltip-icon info-icon" > <span class="sr-only">Contents help</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 37 37" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <circle fill="#FFF" stroke="#0072CF" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.5" cy="18.5" r="17.5"/> <path fill="#0072CF" d="M20.4 25.3V15.2h-4.9v2.2h1.1v7.9h-1.1v2.2h6v-2.2h-1.1zm-1.9-11.4c1 0 1.9-1 1.9-2.2 0-1.2-.8-2.2-1.9-2.2s-1.9 1-1.9 2.2c0 1.2.9 2.2 1.9 2.2z"/> </svg> </a> </span> <div id="comment-tip" data-dropdown-content role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="f-dropdown content medium" data-remove-focus="true" aria-label="Contents information"> <div class="close-container"> <a href="#" class="button small transparent-no-border radius tooltip-close-btn" id="tooltip-close-link-comment-tip"> <span class="custom-tooltip-button-remove"> <span class="sr-only">Close Contents help</span> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <defs> <path d="M9.986 0C4.479 0 0 4.434 0 9.916c0 5.469 4.465 9.916 9.986 9.916 5.507 0 9.986-4.433 9.986-9.916C19.958 4.434 15.493 0 9.986 0z" id="a-comment-tip"/> <mask id="b-comment-tip" x="0" y="0" width="19.972" height="19.832" fill="#fff"><use xlink:href="#a-comment-tip"/></mask> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <use stroke="#436FCC" mask="url(#b-comment-tip)" stroke-width="2" xlink:href="#a-comment-tip"/> <path d="M14.778 13.325a.983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385.982.982 0 0 1-.704.28c-.254 0-.507-.098-.704-.28l-3.352-3.329-3.353 3.329a.973.973 0 0 1-.69.28 1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.69-.28.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.385l3.352-3.328-3.352-3.33a.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.384 1 1 0 0 1 1.395 0l3.352 3.329 3.352-3.329a1 1 0 0 1 1.394 0 .983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385l-3.352 3.329 3.352 3.328z" fill="#436FCC"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </div> <p id="info-comment-tip" class="text-left">- No HTML tags allowed<br />- Web page URLs will display as text only<br />- Lines and paragraphs break automatically<br />- Attachments, images or tables are not permitted</p> </div> <textarea name="comment" id="comment" rows="5" maxlength="60000" required="required"></textarea> <small class="error">Please enter your response.</small> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="title-underline"> <h4 class="heading_03">Your details</h4> <div class="border"></div> </div> <section id="contributor-section"> <div id="contributor-row_0" class="contributor-row"> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns left-col"> <div> <label for="firstname_0">First name * <input name="firstname_0" id="firstname_0" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter your first name" /> <small class="error">Please enter your first name.</small> </label> </div> <div> <label for="lastName_0">Last name * <input name="lastName_0" id="lastName_0" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter your last name" /> <small class="error">Please enter your last name.</small> </label> </div> <div> <label for="emailAddress_0" class="inline-tooltip">Email *</label> <span > <a href="#" data-dropdown="comment-email-tip_0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="comment-email-tip_0" class="icon info tooltip-icon info-icon" > <span class="sr-only">Email help</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 37 37" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <circle fill="#FFF" stroke="#0072CF" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.5" cy="18.5" r="17.5"/> <path fill="#0072CF" d="M20.4 25.3V15.2h-4.9v2.2h1.1v7.9h-1.1v2.2h6v-2.2h-1.1zm-1.9-11.4c1 0 1.9-1 1.9-2.2 0-1.2-.8-2.2-1.9-2.2s-1.9 1-1.9 2.2c0 1.2.9 2.2 1.9 2.2z"/> </svg> </a> </span> <div id="comment-email-tip_0" data-dropdown-content role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="f-dropdown content medium" data-remove-focus="true" aria-label="Email information"> <div class="close-container"> <a href="#" class="button small transparent-no-border radius tooltip-close-btn" id="tooltip-close-link-comment-email-tip_0"> <span class="custom-tooltip-button-remove"> <span class="sr-only">Close Email help</span> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <defs> <path d="M9.986 0C4.479 0 0 4.434 0 9.916c0 5.469 4.465 9.916 9.986 9.916 5.507 0 9.986-4.433 9.986-9.916C19.958 4.434 15.493 0 9.986 0z" id="a-comment-email-tip_0"/> <mask id="b-comment-email-tip_0" x="0" y="0" width="19.972" height="19.832" fill="#fff"><use xlink:href="#a-comment-email-tip_0"/></mask> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <use stroke="#436FCC" mask="url(#b-comment-email-tip_0)" stroke-width="2" xlink:href="#a-comment-email-tip_0"/> <path d="M14.778 13.325a.983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385.982.982 0 0 1-.704.28c-.254 0-.507-.098-.704-.28l-3.352-3.329-3.353 3.329a.973.973 0 0 1-.69.28 1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.69-.28.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.385l3.352-3.328-3.352-3.33a.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.384 1 1 0 0 1 1.395 0l3.352 3.329 3.352-3.329a1 1 0 0 1 1.394 0 .983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385l-3.352 3.329 3.352 3.328z" fill="#436FCC"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </div> <p id="info-comment-email-tip_0" class="text-left">Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly.</p> </div> <input name="emailAddress_0" id="emailAddress_0" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" pattern="email" placeholder="Enter your email" /> <small class="error">Please enter a valid email address.</small> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns"> <div class="row"> <label for="occupation_0">Occupation <input name="occupation_0" id="occupation_0" type="text" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter your role and/or occupation" /> <small class="error">Please enter your occupation.</small> </label> </div> <div class="row"> <label for="organisation_0">Affiliation <input name="organisation_0" id="organisation_0" type="text" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter your organisation or institution name" /> <small class="error">Please enter any affiliation.</small> </label> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="contributor-btn"> <input id="add-contributor-btn" type="button" class="blue small button radius add-contributor" value="Add contributor"> </div> <div class="add-contributor-limit-reached"> <hr> <h5 class="heading_05">You have entered the maximum number of contributors</h5> </div> <hr/> <div class="title-underline"> <h4 class="heading_03">Conflicting interests</h4> <div class="border"></div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns"> <p> <span > Do you have any conflicting interests? * <a href="#" data-dropdown="comment-conflict-tip" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="comment-conflict-tip" class="icon info tooltip-icon info-icon" > <span class="sr-only">Conflicting interests help</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 37 37" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <circle fill="#FFF" stroke="#0072CF" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.5" cy="18.5" r="17.5"/> <path fill="#0072CF" d="M20.4 25.3V15.2h-4.9v2.2h1.1v7.9h-1.1v2.2h6v-2.2h-1.1zm-1.9-11.4c1 0 1.9-1 1.9-2.2 0-1.2-.8-2.2-1.9-2.2s-1.9 1-1.9 2.2c0 1.2.9 2.2 1.9 2.2z"/> </svg> </a> </span> <div id="comment-conflict-tip" data-dropdown-content role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="f-dropdown content medium" data-remove-focus="true" aria-label="Conflicting interests information"> <div class="close-container"> <a href="#" class="button small transparent-no-border radius tooltip-close-btn" id="tooltip-close-link-comment-conflict-tip"> <span class="custom-tooltip-button-remove"> <span class="sr-only">Close Conflicting interests help</span> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <defs> <path d="M9.986 0C4.479 0 0 4.434 0 9.916c0 5.469 4.465 9.916 9.986 9.916 5.507 0 9.986-4.433 9.986-9.916C19.958 4.434 15.493 0 9.986 0z" id="a-comment-conflict-tip"/> <mask id="b-comment-conflict-tip" x="0" y="0" width="19.972" height="19.832" fill="#fff"><use xlink:href="#a-comment-conflict-tip"/></mask> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <use stroke="#436FCC" mask="url(#b-comment-conflict-tip)" stroke-width="2" xlink:href="#a-comment-conflict-tip"/> <path d="M14.778 13.325a.983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385.982.982 0 0 1-.704.28c-.254 0-.507-.098-.704-.28l-3.352-3.329-3.353 3.329a.973.973 0 0 1-.69.28 1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.69-.28.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.385l3.352-3.328-3.352-3.33a.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.384 1 1 0 0 1 1.395 0l3.352 3.329 3.352-3.329a1 1 0 0 1 1.394 0 .983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385l-3.352 3.329 3.352 3.328z" fill="#436FCC"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </div> <p id="info-comment-conflict-tip" class="text-left">Please list any fees and grants from, employment by, consultancy for, shared ownership in or any close relationship with, at any time over the preceding 36 months, any organisation whose interests may be affected by the publication of the response. Please also list any non-financial associations or interests (personal, professional, political, institutional, religious or other) that a reasonable reader would want to know about in relation to the submitted work. This pertains to all the authors of the piece, their spouses or partners.</p> </div> </p> <label> <input type="radio" name="conflictInterest" id="frm-conflict-on" value="true"> Yes </label> <label> <input type="radio" name="conflictInterest" id="frm-conflict-off" checked="checked" value="false"> No </label> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns comment-more-info"> <label>More information * <textarea name="conflictInfo" id="conflictInfo" rows="3" maxlength="500" placeholder="Enter details of your conflicting interests" disabled="false" required="required"></textarea> <small class="error">Please enter details of the conflict of interest or select 'No'.</small> </label> </div> <hr /> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <label class="paragraph_05"> <input name="agreeToTerms" type="checkbox" value="yes" id="agreeToTerms" required="required" />   Please tick the box to confirm you agree to our <a href="/core/legal-notices/terms" target="_blank">Terms of use</a>. *<br /><br /> <small class="error">Please accept terms of use.</small> </label> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-top"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <label class="paragraph_05"> <input name="agreePrint" type="checkbox" value="yes" id="agreePrint" required="required" />   Please tick the box to confirm you agree that your name, comment and conflicts of interest (if accepted) will be visible on the website and your comment may be printed in the journal at the Editor’s discretion. *<br /><br /> <small class="error">Please confirm you agree that your details will be displayed.</small> </label> </div> </div> <hr /> <div class="submit-btn"> <input type="submit" class="blue small button radius" value=Submit> </div> </form> </section> </div> <script type="text/template" data-template="contributorsTemplate"> <div id="contributor-row_--x--" class="contributor-row contributor-row-hide"> <hr /> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns left-col"> <div> <label for="firstname_--x--">First name * <input name="firstname_--x--" id="firstname_--x--" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter contributor first name" /> <small class="error">Please enter your first name.</small> </label> </div> <div> <label for="lastName_--x--">Last name * <input name="lastName_--x--" id="lastName_--x--" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter contributor last name" /> <small class="error">Please enter your last name.</small> </label> </div> <div> <label for="emailAddress_--x--" class="inline-tooltip">Email *</label> <span > <a href="#" data-dropdown="comment-email-tip_--x--" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="comment-email-tip_--x--" class="icon info tooltip-icon info-icon" > <span class="sr-only">Email help</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 37 37" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <circle fill="#FFF" stroke="#0072CF" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="18.5" cy="18.5" r="17.5"/> <path fill="#0072CF" d="M20.4 25.3V15.2h-4.9v2.2h1.1v7.9h-1.1v2.2h6v-2.2h-1.1zm-1.9-11.4c1 0 1.9-1 1.9-2.2 0-1.2-.8-2.2-1.9-2.2s-1.9 1-1.9 2.2c0 1.2.9 2.2 1.9 2.2z"/> </svg> </a> </span> <div id="comment-email-tip_--x--" data-dropdown-content role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="f-dropdown content medium" data-remove-focus="true" aria-label="Email information"> <div class="close-container"> <a href="#" class="button small transparent-no-border radius tooltip-close-btn" id="tooltip-close-link-comment-email-tip_--x--"> <span class="custom-tooltip-button-remove"> <span class="sr-only">Close Email help</span> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <defs> <path d="M9.986 0C4.479 0 0 4.434 0 9.916c0 5.469 4.465 9.916 9.986 9.916 5.507 0 9.986-4.433 9.986-9.916C19.958 4.434 15.493 0 9.986 0z" id="a-comment-email-tip_--x--"/> <mask id="b-comment-email-tip_--x--" x="0" y="0" width="19.972" height="19.832" fill="#fff"><use xlink:href="#a-comment-email-tip_--x--"/></mask> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <use stroke="#436FCC" mask="url(#b-comment-email-tip_--x--)" stroke-width="2" xlink:href="#a-comment-email-tip_--x--"/> <path d="M14.778 13.325a.983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385.982.982 0 0 1-.704.28c-.254 0-.507-.098-.704-.28l-3.352-3.329-3.353 3.329a.973.973 0 0 1-.69.28 1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.69-.28.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.385l3.352-3.328-3.352-3.33a.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.384 1 1 0 0 1 1.395 0l3.352 3.329 3.352-3.329a1 1 0 0 1 1.394 0 .983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385l-3.352 3.329 3.352 3.328z" fill="#436FCC"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </div> <p id="info-comment-email-tip_--x--" class="text-left">Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly.</p> </div> <input name="emailAddress_--x--" id="emailAddress_--x--" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" pattern="email" placeholder="Enter contributor email" /> <small class="error">Please enter a valid email address.</small> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns"> <div class="row"> <label for="occupation_--x--">Occupation <input name="occupation_--x--" id="occupation_--x--" type="text" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter contributor role and/or occupation" /> <small class="error">Please enter your occupation.</small> </label> </div> <div class="row"> <label for="organisation_0">Affiliation <input name="organisation_--x--" id="organisation_--x--" type="text" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter contributor organisation or institution name" /> <small class="error">Please enter any affiliation.</small> </label> </div> <input type="button" id="remove-contributor_--x--" class="small button alert radius remove-contributor" value="Remove contributor"> </div> </div></script> <script> window.AOP.basket.currency = 'USD'; window.AOP.basket.isEnabled = true; </script> <script> /* style checkboxes and radio inputs */ AOP.styleInputElements = function (container) { var selector; // Use '.no-style' on the input element to exclude checkboxes from styling if (container) { selector = $('input[type=checkbox], input[type=radio]', container).not('.styled,.no-style'); } else { selector = $('input[type=checkbox], input[type=radio]').not('.styled,.no-style'); } selector.each(function (i, el) { $(this).addClass('styled'); el = $(el)[0]; var doneAlready = (el && el.nextElementSibling && el.nextElementSibling.outerHTML === '<span></span>'); if (!doneAlready) { $(this).after($('<span></span>')); } }); }; $(document).ready(function () { AOP.styleInputElements(); }); </script>