CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91350dc98934fdbc',cH: '7q8HWQZJpz1C1kNq49ynjB8S_8WEX9rjmYv38rVu23c-1739787721-1.2.1.1-eNoUlHfEoauKpQKlJbc79Qmq9rGACknRNCBBPA.aqnhJanm1MfB8EixNwzv2Azrz',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belakhdar%20Salah%20Brahim&__cf_chl_tk=QA10Vn58Ljy89Zca_pRnl6..N775KPuR02TY3aj7Vro-1739787721-1.0.1.1-Z7y4W8sbv7MDAIYNveVUUtsRl6RrPg9gZrItUYX6aPs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787721',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belakhdar%20Salah%20Brahim&__cf_chl_f_tk=QA10Vn58Ljy89Zca_pRnl6..N775KPuR02TY3aj7Vro-1739787721-1.0.1.1-Z7y4W8sbv7MDAIYNveVUUtsRl6RrPg9gZrItUYX6aPs",md: "BcADwMCdaRRtQj_bnBbeTnJJohcRqV8O.6lpkx3z.ao-1739787721-1.2.1.1-qZfSUqm42BFwmFjqRC6DI5osta6HValcRHKjsqCDWpHC7qfCuUWZN_JIBTRNG.u2e2Jl_tBZFabF3jw9pSlIuf4ESx9B.wPtNHe4tgUS3WqvN7vYqk79t1MnBdsRgB_2LNr5Saq4CRjL1IG0b0zo_DEsLd26xQi45a98felHnia9F6IfL1OX2w.7b.p7I_QRXpKdko5Hvyr_uE9vUDyIN5bqfXv.K3Vs4sT74vlNUOj9FS1ExZaR8YlFnN44yjQayr3bPzG6i59eMzfm1FNJXbvnmG4hibHXcg9b_wURheTQA94cS6pcHGk8ketsUKaX7lIZbQxVBSflEHWotvcGY8VX.piKuZ2YkR47ylFSzf39a5rLrygB9VAUxHYYw4BP8QKKuloVbulFJ3kaLJti1XwEyfB0Q8ycDrVy1uqbvYFrOpo5ZiECZ.5ZHPPQyoxEBWvbgEjzZGq3o_5qDoZBVLmlR76eg7XprRq0xgvHwRGsshz0RSsPGz64fD_0ogekZVcBh6FXPu0ryGOBxeTht.MyrkGKPO1TIuF56B7199NT0aQYC_XM09mMrzFyzrxf2bDcgS3nPfhKc5dBwo.JBLmq41MxfqYowU0F9_njD.ZtRsECICl6siaMGsdF2ls7UGGVDEUByOrDvRkVRFJrpps6Nw_RTltg9s7800k0C6EawmEZsU_.lP56kOqVCbdwPe2HQ_gtHL23WKSwzqo_tmAe.ptL92W3I0ZBjUa3TkC8vrW3H86od4J3ggkUYIFTyvVNKhg9o7PkmXRn88RMKKni2H6itJzbPWNNlURDrZ_8JbOAUfMlKziPsZo9oGL4zTq_tHCV6ZErIK1hztQH_EvNj8rTOIz3zHFeC6Yx3LXDWsISm1_FPFHCEQCW0SpGrZXI15is5U.2WoANfXNfEm9V1I0XnO_t8tym.gVx0hs70fJgdsQuN4FVgRvLEbJCBHoGD9HBIEv7jIJDfON4K6tsTeJz8b8FWbsguqIc.suYN.uAWVSuWywAxmLn3XcR2lMohxSDUtTgZAB3VWYpOHoOzwxmJOrJ5Y69GwTbjzaizl3tAns_3vn9SmSLB0tciEY7vb2GArR8UYh0hANnVyMt2E2wo6MjGf5W03rSI0vkCEvp6i_zAfeGtAE4BiCY5pnCYqTiIk7AiYIiAA3nTFn1NzdSHs431aUVJiT1gFMYFIcTJQAb0iSPZ7Gn1.9M8foA12JnL1zzsln3Miao2101kOHU9e832wj0SjcxIBOvEaIocczFfbLUbdbV_PmCvOYKRV9KOsZEErJeqac_CfZ3qYnr3K.meXuOHrFJE4jC583P5x6c.NhhXKhlq2GofxAsh14Ucg.3Yh0eCgawKDZ.iutt5bOViOjoJBI5kwUFPzzN6cJR1X8w04EHaQ933IMZsoZASFkc0ijsGRP3lZvIkcaXK.2R6fNDfmULwAhQBXzOm.pwBGK3fPiipyBjRMoP4C.i5DQN_0.cL3GVXRX4GTACxISF0EuFw6GltiQ3GzXhpbU8mZxuMiVkQvsYwUZSl23GEdzfnusN9UaS5spePzCdPTVTTxT6wwz8OknxKvfFzKpUnlPq0F6Sq9WtNKjwBf4zbnZoBrVWzyjLUXnuzMvaQV8jIC0KtA6Th_iOrh4Ma8QEcn9T4FnY4EhT2m9zk4KiSGqx28E_Z_HRt_K6zo3VDKWbeAxDT67mjMIT3uoSgwZdcr8XR6Rn9jOSEz5bunFEC9DEfGwxLwj38rBmgJ9G5ZIET1idoVAVdlFJlwEWXLnixaqKi117OB6ohIzwDVhj..B2bNSB1sTuGKK2xgdljWxpLV9A1ZGfqFtRDHkea_90KN5J12cZ1ebvTVUTWaxZ2MiHPnwUqZzWU6HsK_DSjukX.Zz0nAIcOOirgVcKH2oTEN1SB3QL4GnVIU4ovB3Tm.gozeiqhmh2dhRadWF_PE4.zRusihtjHKMjnEwqzy_5kFY_qrFT9CoB",mdrd: "_nizsoYhmX8sRaOsFWWwdPL4T4sviPnyat2_bJd0HUk-1739787721-1.2.1.1-8QbrzR48Uz2QfAG2gNxYPpAtLn9wu7BK0jHPlQoX1MRhDm2nS5Ul_btwNvSmpjIuvwmorZJF1CylF9KF05MMWFj6WzhYwyFX4gFrgOexogewnFKqzsBuqiXmzslXC26bcVjCbjLZD_KINRnJILAD7RBPzVAY5X.rZX8p5ek.4W5wKl1Jxlt9GjfHcxsGkc5gyfWvOIYHEIVM7nx6oGTPmVYNSYdhBdHJg.jcrzlcXUb4SpLDzr9PKFK.2ahJAH.7nnTsXmyT1keUlIqEIH0j..xo5RTTpX2AOumzaJ8eFVBUJDd5E97XlbiDsqQGcBsp2addZf4aGFx.dyzTZ88wT9wyHVIV9BU76d.lpeXF0i1YjXMcDd.MShl_V6Kk.J4k0GeSx1KxsJYxQ2cWpVzhmapJC5PBIAGKuHqkPG9lufO1GxoYTWpistQpgBq2F90tGFu6jXWvzea37Lwo2vXBNHeo8nwyeg2YVXxhThxM8NnC.0owrg5ddqfovRyMeVZ1N0BWEdLXRVCHd77g2BQ5xLk0T_Zpj.r90X_k5siDfMz._T6JEq5m1Cz6wFXt4Um5FoiV9D.pXtfBcFJZeiqFqHeiF5BzqfAB0yBkxNNcx1WlR9sRYFU4R69j_iu7yp.HeuNN2ujDM2Xgm406YU4fyY1vOkQrA10X5SoG5XmZca9HYFAWeWrVNNipAZeu73BCoYN9IULmqxwubMtO7H68BeWR35jH0pxSe5NZGL7tt7jnC4xckBIqYdMWn4dJQYpsi3x3zDF9e_9Siv7bTNBhCFDVr2ir2SormaO6Btl0Nk24DtghczeCPsG22hYNGwQTXsAB5vc4qpc8bR.xByxXogvvWY5Y7tQjIkMt1evpcQZDNSG1lbeoex.PhasyM.lF7fSpM8m4ymWSfr8Y6_lFLnwz5TIDxS8tapOn4Ng67v59UVyG6NLDTtiJULD0qb6n_1oU2IbNbvqBE8GoT9lh_mgykINBAi9Xi5qylwvPayUzXLZQIjeFXzyKcwqAcKsr105aVGbOCUxuGgqMQOFgvVhRZ3GMuavrZMhUb8JcEdvBGQ92Fdo_83rIDK6duuaOGlYMVTjDcAk7LTBOZ.7Ut3tUWCr_Z_Zht114eYU.70EaGMXdxeDPTfyqcNmZfvmAaUwiasWu5ezoHZ4jYIHXT2Xdk2TbuSshvnuJb5BfuXFka3QkF0HjBUM_BnFqbavjaJDJdq0AWEXY8QsxBKJzfeMl5tknD7seGSu7uXrK6NU2MG_WQd5_imyQ3e4_K8RMsFaVYGGO1jP29wRpO3k8TSEY133urqlgR2OYpp0ZsAe9caGZ2b1wJFEd4VNILq7CwqAcR3x7KyAhHGMbcV6AQUd_KN6n9EeDyk4ZvzDau85.OXpGOkmDXDuvIgTZ7fGH84MwIj3QKbsk0Vb0.MNEnAzcGO4ezWcgwRXc2djXjZnWwmRsLX1Aaw23PZZGEZQ1WIPkzqYgDTr_r7GsFboQcgGciHaJ9VV0meICWEGH67VEYxf07rShUmjw7dU2cB_TalBcA2VXcnJpvDnC5xk06jyFzZMYsJWw_07UB1Oln6nEglOsZv.h4CVyGu5I7O069IWVYb8F4gDoUTG3ul.qV89to6o1OcW4FKeGBbEXxtlOhmPZTo97QMxcifAxYKSqO88_xjjny4TC9kcnvOs1mPdKVUiFdqZSZyV2unQAzm1FduDKDaXIORCbzZV9duYdCLr3_kv6zmO8e4p4SkC3p5kTTkz1i6nCcLpfbJqbUpGQGK965Z3M.8qjiWFj.bnz2DeEOAVBrWpKhoGhtG_iLFwligCKwi60MaBIXSDc8NrUAiqVkZpsn8Utow2p3FpXyzmwVFWOZ6_dsQwoIEwJpRaI2V5Ki6ZiK_fBi8jb95H7pZ9hr247EpwbyQVsyXRSBwAr3wGPCuuXMomNg4kr9Zp2wDLzXvvqn.B4LYsG7iZeBHC7iwASY9NTvd5OahJu"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91350dc98934fdbc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belakhdar%20Salah%20Brahim&__cf_chl_rt_tk=QA10Vn58Ljy89Zca_pRnl6..N775KPuR02TY3aj7Vro-1739787721-1.0.1.1-Z7y4W8sbv7MDAIYNveVUUtsRl6RrPg9gZrItUYX6aPs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>