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</li> <li id="toc-Recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Complications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frequency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frequency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Frequency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frequency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" 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class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="استئصال الزائدة الدودية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استئصال الزائدة الدودية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendektomija" title="Apendektomija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apendektomija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendicectomia" title="Apendicectomia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apendicectomia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendektomie" title="Appendektomie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Appendektomie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އެޕެންޑިކްސް ނެގުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އެޕެންޑިކްސް ނެގުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendicectom%C3%ADa" title="Apendicectomía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apendicectomía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendicektomio" title="Apendicektomio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apendicektomio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="آپاندکتومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپاندکتومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicectomie" title="Appendicectomie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Appendicectomie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%B0%BD%EC%9E%90%EA%BC%AC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A0%88%EC%A0%9C%EC%88%A0" title="막창자꼬리 절제술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막창자꼬리 절제술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A7%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ապենդէկտոմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ապենդէկտոմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendektomija" title="Apendektomija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apendektomija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendektomi" title="Apendektomi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apendektomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicectomia" title="Appendicectomia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Appendicectomia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicectomia" title="Appendicectomia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Appendicectomia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="אפנדקטומיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפנדקטומיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="აპენდექტომია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აპენდექტომია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendectomia" title="Appendectomia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Appendectomia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendectomia" title="Appendectomia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Appendectomia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Апендектомија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Апендектомија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="അപ്പെൻഡിസെക്ടമി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപ്പെൻഡിസെക്ടമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendectomie" title="Appendectomie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Appendectomie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%AB%E5%9E%82%E5%88%87%E9%99%A4%E8%A1%93" title="虫垂切除術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="虫垂切除術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendektomi" title="Appendektomi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Appendektomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendektomia" title="Appendektomia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Appendektomia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendicectomia" title="Apendicectomia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apendicectomia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппендэктомия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аппендэктомия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendectomy" title="Appendectomy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Appendectomy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apendektomija" title="Apendektomija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Apendektomija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendektomi" title="Appendektomi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Appendektomi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Апендектомія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апендектомія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%91%E5%B0%BE%E5%88%87%E9%99%A4%E6%9C%AF" title="阑尾切除术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阑尾切除术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q620840#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appendectomy" title="View 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical intervention</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue">Appendectomy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blinddarm-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Blinddarm-01.jpg/280px-Blinddarm-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Blinddarm-01.jpg/420px-Blinddarm-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Blinddarm-01.jpg/560px-Blinddarm-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An appendectomy in progress</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Appendisectomy, appendicectomy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Uses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">Appendicitis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Complications</th><td class="infobox-data">Infection, bleeding</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Approach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laparoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Laparoscopic">Laparoscopic</a>, open</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recovery time</th><td class="infobox-data">1-3 weeks</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Common</td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620840" class="extiw" title="d:Q620840">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>appendectomy</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>) or <b>appendicectomy</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgical operation</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Vermiform_appendix" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermiform appendix">vermiform appendix</a> (a portion of the intestine) is removed. Appendectomy is normally performed as an urgent or emergency procedure to treat complicated acute <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appendectomy may be performed <a href="/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Laparoscopic surgery">laparoscopically</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Minimally_invasive_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimally invasive surgery">minimally invasive surgery</a>) or as an open operation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the 2010s, surgical practice has increasingly moved towards routinely offering laparoscopic appendicectomy; for example in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> over 95% of adult appendicectomies are planned as laparoscopic procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laparoscopy is often used if the diagnosis is in doubt, or in order to leave a less visible surgical scar. Recovery may be slightly faster after laparoscopic surgery, although the laparoscopic procedure itself is more expensive and resource-intensive than open surgery and generally takes longer. Advanced pelvic sepsis occasionally requires a lower midline <a href="/wiki/Laparotomy" title="Laparotomy">laparotomy</a>. </p><p>Complicated (perforated) appendicitis should undergo prompt surgical intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been significant recent trial evidence that uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated with either antibiotics or appendicectomy,<sup id="cite_ref-antibiotics_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antibiotics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 51% of those treated with antibiotics avoiding an appendectomy after 3 years.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After appendicectomy the main difference in treatment is the length of time the antibiotics are administered. For uncomplicated appendicitis, antibiotics should be continued up to 24 hours post-operatively. For complicated appendicitis, antibiotics should be continued for anywhere between 3 and 7 days.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An interval appendectomy is generally performed 6–8 weeks after conservative management with antibiotics for special cases, such as perforated appendicitis.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delay of appendectomy 24 hours after admission for symptoms of appendicitis has not shown to increase risk of perforation or other complications.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedure">Procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg/220px-Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg/330px-Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg/440px-Young_nurses_assist_at_an_appendectomy_8b07788v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg/220px-Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg/330px-Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg/440px-Appendectomy_incision_locations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="3544" /></a><figcaption>Four incisions for an appendectomy, corresponding to the order listed.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg/220px-Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg/330px-Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg/440px-Laparoscopic_Port_Site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="3544" /></a><figcaption>Hasson Entry: The two red lines mark the sites of the 5mm laparoscopic ports. The blue line above the umbilicus marks the site of the camera port</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_060227-N-9742R-004_The_Ship%27s_Surgeon_Lt._Cmdr._Michael_Barker,_center,_and_Senior_Medical_Officer_Commander_David_Gibson,_left,_perform_an_urgent_laparoscopic_appendectomy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/US_Navy_060227-N-9742R-004_The_Ship%27s_Surgeon_Lt._Cmdr._Michael_Barker%2C_center%2C_and_Senior_Medical_Officer_Commander_David_Gibson%2C_left%2C_perform_an_urgent_laparoscopic_appendectomy.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/US_Navy_060227-N-9742R-004_The_Ship%27s_Surgeon_Lt._Cmdr._Michael_Barker%2C_center%2C_and_Senior_Medical_Officer_Commander_David_Gibson%2C_left%2C_perform_an_urgent_laparoscopic_appendectomy.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/US_Navy_060227-N-9742R-004_The_Ship%27s_Surgeon_Lt._Cmdr._Michael_Barker%2C_center%2C_and_Senior_Medical_Officer_Commander_David_Gibson%2C_left%2C_perform_an_urgent_laparoscopic_appendectomy.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Surgeons perform a laparoscopic appendectomy.</figcaption></figure> <p>In general terms, the procedure for an open appendectomy is: </p> <ol><li>Antibiotics are given immediately if signs of actual <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> are seen (in appendicitis, sepsis and bacteremia usually only occurs at some point after rupture, once peritonitis has begun), or if there is reasonable suspicion that the appendix has ruptured (e.g., on imaging) or if the onset of peritonitis - which will lead to full sepsis if not quickly treated- is suspected; otherwise, a single dose of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics is given immediately before surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthesia" title="General anaesthesia">General anaesthesia</a> is induced, with <a href="/wiki/Endotracheal_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Endotracheal tube">endotracheal intubation</a> and full <a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant" title="Muscle relaxant">muscle relaxation</a>, and the patient is positioned <a href="/wiki/Supine_position" title="Supine position">supine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a> is prepared and draped and is examined under anesthesia.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>If a mass is present, the incision is made over the mass. Otherwise, the incision is made over <a href="/wiki/McBurney%27s_point" title="McBurney's point">McBurney's point</a> (one-third of the way from the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_superior_iliac_spine" title="Anterior superior iliac spine">anterior superior iliac spine</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">umbilicus</a>), which represents the most common position of the base of the appendix.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The various layers of the <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_wall" title="Abdominal wall">abdominal wall</a> are opened. In order to preserve the integrity of abdominal wall, the <a href="/wiki/External_oblique" class="mw-redirect" title="External oblique">external oblique</a> <a href="/wiki/Aponeurosis" title="Aponeurosis">aponeurosis</a> is split along the line of its fibers, as is the <a href="/wiki/Internal_oblique" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal oblique">internal oblique</a> muscle. As the two run at right angles to each other, this reduces the risk of later <a href="/wiki/Incisional_hernia" title="Incisional hernia">incisional hernia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On entering the <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</a>, the appendix is identified, mobilized, and then <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(medicine)" title="Ligature (medicine)">ligated</a> and divided at its base.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some surgeons choose to bury the stump of the appendix by inverting it so it points into the <a href="/wiki/Caecum" class="mw-redirect" title="Caecum">caecum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Each layer of the abdominal wall is then closed in turn.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The skin may be closed with staples or stitches.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The wound is dressed.</li> <li>The patient is brought to the recovery room.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incisions">Incisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Incisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The standardization of an incision is not best practice when performing an appendectomy given that the appendix is a mobile organ.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A physical exam should be performed prior to the operation and the incision should be chosen based on the point of maximal tenderness to palpation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These incisions are placed for appendectomy: </p> <ol><li>McBurney's incision, also known as grid iron incision</li> <li>Lanz incision</li> <li>Rutherford Morison incision</li> <li>Paramedian incision</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png/220px-Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png/330px-Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png/440px-Appendectomy_plus_10_days.png 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>Wound healing - ten days after a laparoscopic appendectomy</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the past decade, the outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomies have compared favorably to those for open appendectomies because of decreased pain, fewer postoperative complications, shorter hospitalization, earlier mobilization, earlier return to work, and better <a href="/wiki/Cosmesis" title="Cosmesis">cosmesis</a>; however, despite these advantages, efforts are still being made to decrease abdominal incision and visible scars after laparoscopy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research has led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Natural_orifice_transluminal_endoscopic_surgery" title="Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery">natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery</a> (NOTES); however, numerous difficulties need to be overcome before a wider clinical application of NOTES is adopted, including complications such as the opening of hollow viscera, failed sutures, a lack of fully developed instrumentation, and the necessity of reliable cost-benefit analyses.<sup id="cite_ref-journalofmas.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofmas.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many surgeons have attempted to reduce incisional morbidity and improve cosmetic outcomes in laparoscopic appendectomy by using fewer and smaller ports. Kollmar<i> et al.</i> described moving laparoscopic incisions to hide them in the natural camouflages like the suprapubic hairline to improve cosmesis. Additionally, reports in the literature indicate that minilaparoscopic appendectomy using 2– or 3-mm or even smaller instruments along with one 12-mm port minimizes pain and improves cosmesis. More recently, studies by Ates <i>et al.</i> and Roberts <i>et al.</i> have described variants of an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intracorporeal" class="extiw" title="wikt:intracorporeal">intracorporeal</a> sling-based single-port laparoscopic appendectomy with good clinical results.<sup id="cite_ref-journalofmas.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofmas.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, a trend is increasing towards single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS), using a special multiport umbilical trocar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With SILS, a more conventional view of the field of surgery is seen compared to NOTES. The equipment used for SILS is familiar to surgeons already doing laparoscopic surgery. Most importantly, it is easy to convert SILS to conventional laparoscopy by adding a few trocars; this conversion to conventional laparoscopy is called 'port rescue'. SILS has been shown to be feasible, reasonably safe, and cosmetically advantageous, compared to standard laparoscopy; however, this newer technique involves specialized instruments and is more difficult to learn because of a loss of triangulation, clashing of instruments, crossing of instruments (cross triangulation), and a lack of maneuverability.<sup id="cite_ref-journalofmas.com_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofmas.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The additional problem of decreased exposure and the added financial burden of procuring special articulating or curved coaxial instruments exist. SILS is still evolving, being used successfully in many centres, but with some way to go before it becomes mainstream. This limits its widespread use, especially in rural or peripheral centres with limited resources.<sup id="cite_ref-journalofmas.com_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalofmas.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pediatric_patients">Pediatric patients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pediatric patients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apendixexternalview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Apendixexternalview.jpg/220px-Apendixexternalview.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Apendixexternalview.jpg/330px-Apendixexternalview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Apendixexternalview.jpg/440px-Apendixexternalview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Inflamed appendix removal</figcaption></figure> <p>Pediatric patients have a mobile cecum, which allows externalization of the cecal appendix through the umbilicus in most cases. This has led to the development of surgical techniques such as laparoscopic-assisted transumbilical appendectomy, which allows the entire surgery to be performed with a single umbilical incision and has significant advantages in terms of both recovery and aesthetic outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarlapappendix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Scarlapappendix.jpg/220px-Scarlapappendix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Scarlapappendix.jpg/330px-Scarlapappendix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Scarlapappendix.jpg/440px-Scarlapappendix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="1839" /></a><figcaption>Laparoscopic-assisted transumbilical appendectomy scar on a pediatric patient. Anesthetic result one month after surgery.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pregnancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Appendicitis is the most common emergent general surgery related problem to arise during pregnancy. There is a natural elevation in white blood cell count in addition to anatomical changes of the appendix that occur during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These findings, in addition to non-specific abdominal symptoms make appendicitis difficult to diagnose. Appendicitis develops most commonly in the second trimester.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If appendicitis develops in a <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnant</a> woman, an appendectomy is usually performed and should not harm the <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The risk of premature delivery is about 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The risk of fetal death in the perioperative period after an appendectomy for early acute appendicitis is 3 to 5%. The risk of fetal death is 20% in perforated appendicitis.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been debate regarding which surgical approach is preferred during pregnancy. Overall, there is no increased risk of fetal loss or preterm delivery with the laparoscopic approach (LA) as compared to the open approach (OA). However, the LA was associated with shorter length of stay in the hospital as well as reduced risk of wound infection.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patient positioning is of utmost importance to ensure safety of the fetus during the procedure. This is especially important during the third trimester due to the potential of compression of the inferior vena cava leading by the enlarged uterus. Placing the patient in a 30-degree left lateral decubitus position alleviates this pressure and prevents fetal distress.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One area of concern related to the LA during pregnancy is <a href="/wiki/Pneumoperitoneum" title="Pneumoperitoneum">pneumoperitoneum</a>. This causes an increase in the intra-abdominal pressure, leading to decreased venous return and therefore, decreased cardiac output. The decreased cardiac output may lead to fetal acidosis and cause distress. However, an animal pregnancy model demonstrated that a 10-12mmHg insufflation pressure demonstrated no adverse effects on the fetus. SAGES (Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons) currently recommends an insufflation pressure of 10-15mmHg during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recovery">Recovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SCAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SCAR.jpg/220px-SCAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SCAR.jpg/330px-SCAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SCAR.jpg/440px-SCAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Scar and bruise 2 days after operation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg/220px-2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg/330px-2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg/440px-2011-08-03_Cicatriz_posterior_apendicectom%C3%ADa_paciente_masculino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Scar 10 days after operation</figcaption></figure> <p>A study from 2010 found that the average hospital stay for people with appendicitis in the United States was 1.8 days. For people with a perforated (ruptured) appendix, the average length of stay was 5.2 days.<sup id="cite_ref-hcup-us.ahrq.gov_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hcup-us.ahrq.gov-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recovery time from the operation varies from person to person. Some take up to three weeks before being completely active; for others, it can be a matter of days. In the case of a laparoscopic operation, the patient has three stapled scars of about an inch (2.5 cm) in length, between the navel and pubic hair line. When an open appendectomy has been performed, the patient has a 2– to 3-inch (5–7.5 cm) scar, which will initially be heavily bruised.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complications">Complications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Complications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most common post-operative complications associated with an appendectomy is the development of a surgical site infection (SSI).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Signs and symptoms indicative of a superficial SSI are redness, swelling, and tenderness surrounding the incision and are most likely to arise on post-operative day 4 or 5. These symptoms oftentimes precede fluid drainage from the incision. Tenderness extending beyond the redness that surrounds the incision, in addition to the development of cutaneous <a href="/wiki/Vesicle_(dermatology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesicle (dermatology)">vesicles</a> or bullae may be indicative of a deep SSI.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patients with complicated appendicitis (perforated appendicitis) are more likely to develop a SSI, abdominal abscess, or pelvic abscess during the post-operative period. Placement of an abdominal drain was originally thought to reduce the risk of these post-operative complications. However, abdominal drains have not been found to play a significant role in reducing SSIs and have led to increased length of stay in the hospital in addition to increased cost of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frequency">Frequency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Frequency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 327,000 appendectomies were performed during U.S. hospital stays in 2011, a rate of 10.5 procedures per 10,000 population. Appendectomies accounted for 2.1% of all operating-room procedures in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_(Dartigues_1919).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_%28Dartigues_1919%29.JPG/220px-Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_%28Dartigues_1919%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_%28Dartigues_1919%29.JPG/330px-Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_%28Dartigues_1919%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_%28Dartigues_1919%29.JPG/440px-Appendectomy_at_the_French_Hospital_in_Tiflis_%28Dartigues_1919%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>An appendectomy at the French Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tbilisi, Georgia">Tbilisi, Georgia</a>, 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>The first recorded successful appendectomy was performed in September 1731 by English surgeon William Cookesley on Abraham Pike, a chimney sweep.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second was on December 6, 1735, at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="St George's, University of London">St. George's Hospital</a> in London, when French surgeon <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Amyand_(surgeon)" title="Claudius Amyand (surgeon)">Claudius Amyand</a> described the presence of a perforated appendix within the <a href="/wiki/Inguinal_hernia" title="Inguinal hernia">inguinal hernial</a> sac of an 11-year-old boy.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organ had apparently been perforated by a pin the boy had swallowed. The patient, Hanvil Andersen, made a recovery and was discharged a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harry Hancock performed the first <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_surgery" title="Abdominal surgery">abdominal surgery</a> for appendicitis in 1848, but he did not remove the appendix.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1889 in New York City, <a href="/wiki/Charles_McBurney_(surgeon)" title="Charles McBurney (surgeon)">Charles McBurney</a> described the presentation and pathogenesis of appendicitis accurately and developed the teaching that an early appendectomy was the best treatment to avoid perforation and <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a>. </p><p>Some cases of autoappendectomies have occurred. One was attempted by <a href="/wiki/Evan_O%27Neill_Kane" title="Evan O'Neill Kane">Evan O'Neill Kane</a> in 1921, but the operation was completed by his assistants. Another was <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Rogozov" title="Leonid Rogozov">Leonid Rogozov</a>, who in 1961 had to perform the operation on himself as he was the only doctor on a remote Antarctic base.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 13, 1980, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Semm" title="Kurt Semm">Kurt Semm</a> performed the first <a href="/wiki/Laparoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Laparoscopic">laparoscopic</a> appendectomy, opening up the path for a much wider application of minimally invasive surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-litynski_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-litynski-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cost">Cost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While appendectomy is a standard surgical procedure, its cost has been found to vary considerably in the United States. A 2012 study analyzed 2009 data from nearly 20,000 adult patients treated for appendicitis in California hospitals. Researchers examined "only uncomplicated episodes of acute appendicitis" that involved "visits for patients 18 to 59 years old with hospitalization that lasted fewer than four days with routine discharges to home." The lowest charge for removal of an appendix was $1,529 and the highest $182,955, almost 120 times greater. The median charge was $33,611.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the study was limited to California, the researchers indicated that the results were applicable anywhere in the United States. Many, but not all, patients are covered by some sort of <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">medical insurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fl120424_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fl120424-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study by the <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a> found that in 2010, the average cost for a stay in the United States involving appendicitis was $7,800. For stays where the appendix had ruptured, the average cost was $12,800. The majority of patients seen in the hospital were covered by private insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-hcup-us.ahrq.gov_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hcup-us.ahrq.gov-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surgeries_by_type" class="mw-redirect" title="List of surgeries by type">List of surgeries by type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_O%27Neill_Kane" title="Evan O'Neill Kane">Evan O'Neill Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Rogozov" title="Leonid Rogozov">Leonid Rogozov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBackbourne" class="citation book cs1">Backbourne, Lorne. <i>Surgical Recall</i>. 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id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRIFT_Study_Group_on_behalf_of_the_West_Midlands_Research_Collaborative2019" class="citation journal cs1">RIFT Study Group on behalf of the West Midlands Research Collaborative (3 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6972511">"Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis"</a>. <i>British Journal of Surgery</i>. <b>107</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">73–</span>86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbjs.11440">10.1002/bjs.11440</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2168">1365-2168</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6972511">6972511</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31797357">31797357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+appendicitis+risk+prediction+models+in+adults+with+suspected+appendicitis&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6972511%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1365-2168&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31797357&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbjs.11440&rft.au=RIFT+Study+Group+on+behalf+of+the+West+Midlands+Research+Collaborative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6972511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppendectomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-antibiotics-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-antibiotics_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34476484">34476484</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210908083444/https://academic.oup.com/bjs/advance-article/doi/10.1093/bjs/znab287/6363089?searchresult=1">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Antibiotics+as+first-line+alternative+to+appendicectomy+in+adult+appendicitis%3A+90-day+follow-up+from+a+prospective%2C+multicentre+cohort+study&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1351-%3C%2Fspan%3E1359&rft.date=2021-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8499866%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34476484&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbjs%2Fznab287&rft.aulast=Javanmard-Emamghissi&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbjs%2Fadvance-article%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Fbjs%2Fznab287%2F6363089%3Fsearchresult%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppendectomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCODA_Collaborative2020" class="citation journal cs1">CODA Collaborative (Oct 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa2014320">"A Randomized Trial Comparing Antibiotics with Appendectomy for Appendicitis"</a>. <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>20</b> (383): <span class="nowrap">1907–</span>1919. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa2014320">10.1056/NEJMoa2014320</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33017106">33017106</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222151141">222151141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+Randomized+Trial+Comparing+Antibiotics+with+Appendectomy+for+Appendicitis.&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=383&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1907-%3C%2Fspan%3E1919&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A222151141%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33017106&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa2014320&rft.au=CODA+Collaborative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252FNEJMoa2014320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppendectomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcori.org/evidence-updates/comparing-surgery-versus-antibiotics-treating-adults-uncomplicated-appendicitis">"Comparing Surgery versus Antibiotics for Treating Adults with Uncomplicated Appendicitis - Evidence Update for Clinicians | PCORI"</a>. <i>www.pcori.org</i>. 2024-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pcori.org&rft.atitle=Comparing+Surgery+versus+Antibiotics+for+Treating+Adults+with+Uncomplicated+Appendicitis+-+Evidence+Update+for+Clinicians+%7C+PCORI&rft.date=2024-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcori.org%2Fevidence-updates%2Fcomparing-surgery-versus-antibiotics-treating-adults-uncomplicated-appendicitis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppendectomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://jomi.com/article/270/Laparoscopic-Appendectomy-and-Open-Umbilical-Hernia-Repair">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013014156/https://jomi.com/article/270/Laparoscopic-Appendectomy-and-Open-Umbilical-Hernia-Repair">Archived</a> 2020-10-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sell N, O'Donnell T, Saillant N. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Health+Care+as+a+%27Market+Good%27%3F+Appendicitis+as+a+Case+Study&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E818-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3624019%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22529183&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchinternmed.2012.1173&rft.aulast=Hsia&rft.aufirst=Renee+Y.&rft.au=Kothari%2C+Abbas+H.&rft.au=Srebotnjak%2C+Tanja&rft.au=Maselli%2C+Judy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchinte.ama-assn.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2Farchinternmed.2012.1173v1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppendectomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fl120424-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fl120424_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner2012" class="citation news cs1">Tanner, Lindsey (April 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2012/04/24/appendectomy-might-cost-1500--or-180000.html">"Study finds appendectomy could cost as much as house"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Florida_Today" title="Florida Today">Florida Today</a></i>. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 6A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175459/https://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2012/04/24/appendectomy-might-cost-1500--or-180000.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=Study+finds+appendectomy+could+cost+as+much+as+house&rft.pages=6A&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dispatch.com%2Fcontent%2Fstories%2Fnational_world%2F2012%2F04%2F24%2Fappendectomy-might-cost-1500--or-180000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppendectomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendectomy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Appendectomy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Appendectomy">Appendectomy</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tube.medchrome.com/2012/07/open-appendectomy-operative-procedure.html">Open Appendectomy: Operative procedure video</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anatomyguy.com/general-surgery-laparoscopic-appendectomy-for-residents/">Laparoscopic Appendectomy Video</a> (includes case presentation)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100221225233/http://www.appendicitisreview.com/">Open & Laparoscopic appendectomy, appendectomy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3530004957802592748">A video of the procedure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312073525/http://www.evtv1.com/player.aspx?itemnum=1903">Another video of the procedure</a> <small>(either requires Windows Media Player and will not load in Firefox 1.5; or use with any player that can play .wmv files)</small></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox32" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620840" class="extiw" title="d:Q620840">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: 0DTJ?ZZ</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/index.php?srchtype=procs&srchtext=47.0&Submit=Search&action=search">47.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001062">D001062</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002921.htm">002921</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_human_digestive_system250" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_procedures" title="Template:Digestive system procedures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_procedures" title="Template talk:Digestive system procedures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Digestive_system_procedures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Digestive system procedures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_human_digestive_system250" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tests and procedures involving the <a href="/wiki/Human_digestive_system" title="Human digestive system">human digestive system</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_surgery" title="Digestive system surgery">Digestive system surgery</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">Digestive tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Upper_GI_tract152" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">Upper GI tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland" title="Salivary gland">SGs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophagectomy" title="Esophagectomy">Esophagectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heller_myotomy" title="Heller myotomy">Heller myotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialography" title="Sialography">Sialography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impedance%E2%80%93pH_monitoring" title="Impedance–pH monitoring">Impedance–pH monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_pH_monitoring" title="Esophageal pH monitoring">Esophageal pH monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_motility_study" title="Esophageal motility study">Esophageal motility study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_Lumen_Imaging_Probe" title="Functional Lumen Imaging Probe">Functional Lumen Imaging Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_resolution_manometry" class="mw-redirect" title="High resolution manometry">High resolution manometry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sengstaken%E2%80%93Blakemore_tube" title="Sengstaken–Blakemore tube">Sengstaken–Blakemore tube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasogastric_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasogastric tube">Nasogastric tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_lavage" title="Gastric lavage">Gastric lavage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariatric_surgery" title="Bariatric surgery">Bariatric surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjustable_gastric_band" title="Adjustable gastric band">Adjustable gastric band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoscopic_sleeve_gastroplasty" title="Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty">Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_bypass_surgery" title="Gastric bypass surgery">Gastric bypass surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_gastrectomy" title="Sleeve gastrectomy">Sleeve gastrectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_banded_gastroplasty_surgery" title="Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery">Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collis_gastroplasty" title="Collis gastroplasty">Collis gastroplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrectomy" title="Gastrectomy">Gastrectomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billroth_I" title="Billroth I">Billroth I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billroth_II" title="Billroth II">Billroth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roux-en-Y_anastomosis" title="Roux-en-Y anastomosis">Roux-en-Y</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterostomy" title="Gastroenterostomy">Gastroenterostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropexy" title="Gastropexy">Gastropexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrostomy" title="Gastrostomy">Gastrostomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percutaneous_endoscopic_gastrostomy" title="Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy">Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagogastric_dissociation" title="Esophagogastric dissociation">Esophagogastric dissociation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_repair" title="Hill repair">Hill repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissen_fundoplication" title="Nissen fundoplication">Nissen fundoplication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyloromyotomy" title="Pyloromyotomy">Pyloromyotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schilling_test" title="Schilling test">Schilling test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endoscopy" title="Endoscopy">Endoscopy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophagogastroduodenoscopy" title="Esophagogastroduodenoscopy">Esophagogastroduodenoscopy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_swallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium swallow">Barium swallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_series" title="Upper gastrointestinal series">Upper gastrointestinal series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">Lower GI tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Small_bowel120" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small bowel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bariatric_surgery" title="Bariatric surgery">Bariatric surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duodenal_switch" title="Duodenal switch">Duodenal switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejunoileal_bypass" title="Jejunoileal bypass">Jejunoileal bypass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowel_resection" title="Bowel resection">Bowel resection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileostomy" title="Ileostomy">Ileostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestine_transplantation" title="Intestine transplantation">Intestine transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejunostomy" title="Jejunostomy">Jejunostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_ileal_bypass_surgery" title="Partial ileal bypass surgery">Partial ileal bypass surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictureplasty" title="Strictureplasty">Strictureplasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon (anatomy)">Large bowel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Appendectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colectomy" title="Colectomy">Colectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonic_polypectomy" title="Colonic polypectomy">Colonic polypectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colostomy" title="Colostomy">Colostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmann%27s_operation" title="Hartmann's operation">Hartmann's operation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominoperineal_resection" title="Abdominoperineal resection">Abdominoperineal resection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_anterior_resection" title="Lower anterior resection">Lower anterior resection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_mesorectal_excision" title="Total mesorectal excision">Total mesorectal excision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_rectopexy" title="Ventral rectopexy">Ventral rectopexy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sphincterotomy" title="Anal sphincterotomy">Anal sphincterotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorectal_manometry" title="Anorectal manometry">Anorectal manometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_internal_sphincterotomy" title="Lateral internal sphincterotomy">Lateral internal sphincterotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_band_ligation" title="Rubber band ligation">Rubber band ligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transanal_hemorrhoidal_dearterialization" title="Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization">Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endoscopy" title="Endoscopy">Endoscopy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Colonoscopy" title="Colonoscopy">Colonoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anoscopy" title="Anoscopy">Anoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_endoscopy" title="Capsule endoscopy">Capsule endoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroscopy" title="Enteroscopy">Enteroscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proctoscopy" title="Proctoscopy">Proctoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoidoscopy" title="Sigmoidoscopy">Sigmoidoscopy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_ultrasonography" title="Abdominal ultrasonography">Abdominal ultrasonography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecography" title="Defecography">Defecography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-contrast_barium_enema" title="Double-contrast barium enema">Double-contrast barium enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoanal_ultrasound" title="Endoanal ultrasound">Endoanal ultrasound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroclysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Enteroclysis">Enteroclysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_series" title="Lower gastrointestinal series">Lower gastrointestinal series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-bowel_follow-through" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-bowel follow-through">Small-bowel follow-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transrectal_ultrasonography" title="Transrectal ultrasonography">Transrectal ultrasonography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_colonoscopy" title="Virtual colonoscopy">Virtual colonoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stool_test" title="Stool test">Stool tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_fat_test" title="Fecal fat test">Fecal fat test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_pH_test" title="Fecal pH test">Fecal pH test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stool_guaiac_test" title="Stool guaiac test">Stool guaiac test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_digestive_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory digestive gland">Accessory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_extracorporeal_liver_support" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial extracorporeal liver support">Artificial extracorporeal liver support</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioartificial_liver_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioartificial liver device">Bioartificial liver devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_dialysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liver dialysis">Liver dialysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatectomy" title="Hepatectomy">Hepatectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_biopsy" title="Liver biopsy">Liver biopsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_transplantation" title="Liver transplantation">Liver transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal_hypertension" title="Portal hypertension">Portal hypertension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transjugular_intrahepatic_portosystemic_shunt" title="Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt">Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt</a> [TIPS]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distal_splenorenal_shunt_procedure" title="Distal splenorenal shunt procedure">Distal splenorenal shunt procedure</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">Gallbladder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bile_duct" title="Bile duct">bile duct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholecystectomy" title="Cholecystectomy">Cholecystectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholecystostomy" title="Cholecystostomy">Cholecystostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatography" title="Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography">ERCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoportoenterostomy" title="Hepatoportoenterostomy">Hepatoportoenterostomy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cholangiography" title="Cholangiography">Cholangiography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_cholangiography" title="Intravenous cholangiography">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_cholangiopancreatography" title="Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography">MRCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percutaneous_transhepatic_cholangiography" title="Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography">PTC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholecystography" title="Cholecystography">Cholecystography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholescintigraphy" title="Cholescintigraphy">Cholescintigraphy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">Pancreas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frey%27s_procedure" title="Frey's procedure">Frey's procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreas_transplantation" title="Pancreas transplantation">Pancreas transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatectomy" title="Pancreatectomy">Pancreatectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreaticoduodenectomy" title="Pancreaticoduodenectomy">Pancreaticoduodenectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puestow_procedure" title="Puestow procedure">Puestow procedure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdominopelvic_cavity" title="Abdominopelvic cavity">Abdominopelvic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Peritoneum24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">Peritoneum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_peritoneal_lavage" title="Diagnostic peritoneal lavage">Diagnostic peritoneal lavage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraperitoneal_injection" title="Intraperitoneal injection">Intraperitoneal injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laparoscopy" title="Laparoscopy">Laparoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omentopexy" title="Omentopexy">Omentopexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracentesis" title="Paracentesis">Paracentesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritoneal_dialysis" title="Peritoneal dialysis">Peritoneal dialysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">Hernia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hernia_repair" title="Hernia repair">Hernia repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inguinal_hernia_surgery" title="Inguinal hernia surgery">Inguinal hernia surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_hernia_repair" class="mw-redirect" title="Femoral hernia repair">Femoral hernia repair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laparotomy" title="Laparotomy">Laparotomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploratory_laparotomy" title="Exploratory laparotomy">Exploratory laparotomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_urease_test" title="Rapid urease test">Rapid urease test</a> / <a href="/wiki/Urea_breath_test" title="Urea breath test">Urea breath test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clinical_prediction_rule" title="Clinical prediction rule">Clinical prediction rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_for_End-Stage_Liver_Disease" title="Model for End-Stage Liver Disease">MELD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_end-stage_liver_disease" title="Pediatric end-stage liver disease">PELD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Model_for_End-Stage_Liver_Disease" title="United Kingdom Model for End-Stage Liver Disease">UKELD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child%E2%80%93Pugh_score" title="Child–Pugh score">Child–Pugh score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranson_criteria" title="Ranson criteria">Ranson criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_criteria" title="Milan criteria">Milan criteria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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