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precursor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: precursor"> <meta name="keywords" content="precursor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="precursor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 322</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: precursor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">322</span> Synthesis of Vic-Dioxime Palladium (II) Complex: Precursor for Deposition on SBA-15 in ScCO2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=As%C4%B1m%20Egitmen">Asım Egitmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysen%20Demir"> Aysen Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Darendeli"> Burcu Darendeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ulusal"> Fatma Ulusal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilgehan%20G%C3%BCzel"> Bilgehan Güzel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthesizing supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) soluble precursors would be helpful for many processes of material syntheses based on scCO<sub>2</sub>. Ligand (a<em>mphi</em>-(1<em>Z</em>, 2Z)-<em>N</em>-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-<em>N</em>'-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino) were synthesized from chloro glyoxime and flourus aniline and Pd(II) complex (precursor) prepared. For scCO<sub>2</sub> deposition method, organometallic precursor was dissolved in scCO<sub>2</sub> and impregnated onto the SBA-15 at 90 °C and 3000 psi. Then the organometallic precursor was reduced with H<sub>2</sub> in the CO<sub>2</sub> mixture (150 psi H<sub>2</sub> + 2850 psi CO<sub>2</sub>). Pd deposited support material was characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and EDX analyses. The Pd loading of the prepared catalyst, measured by ICP-OES showed a value of about 1.64% mol/g Pd of catalyst. Average particle size was found 5.3 nm. The catalytic activity of prepared catalyst was investigated over Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling reaction in different solvent with K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> at 50 <sup>o</sup>C. The conversion ratio was determined by gas chromatography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotube" title=" nanotube"> nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oximes" title=" oximes"> oximes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor" title=" precursor"> precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20CO2" title=" supercritical CO2"> supercritical CO2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53003/synthesis-of-vic-dioxime-palladium-ii-complex-precursor-for-deposition-on-sba-15-in-scco2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">321</span> Synthesis and Characterization of CaZrTi2O7 from Tartrate Precursor Employing Microwave Heating Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20M.%20Patil">B. M. Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Dharwadkar"> S. R. Dharwadkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) is one of the three major phases in the synthetic ceramic 'SYNROC' which is used for immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and also acts as photocatalytic and photophysical properties. In the present work the nanocrystalline CaZrTi2O7 was synthesized from Calcium Zirconyl Titanate tartrate precursor (CZTT) employing two different heating techniques such as Conventional heating (Muffle furnace) and Microwave heating (Microwave Oven). Thermal decomposition of the CZTT precursors in air yielded nanocrystalline CaZrTi2O7 powder as the end product. The products obtained by annealing the CZTT precursor using both heating method were characterized using simultaneous TG-DTA, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, NTA and thermodilatometric study. The physical characteristics such as crystallinity, morphology and particle size of the product obtained by heating the CZTT precursor at the different temperatures in a Muffle furnace and Microwave oven were found to be significantly different. The microwave heating technique considerably lowered the synthesis temperature of CaZrTi2O7. The influence of microwave heating was more pronounced as compared to Muffle furnace heating. The details of the synthesis of CaZrTi2O7 from CZTT precursor are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CZTT" title="CZTT">CZTT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaZrTi2O7" title=" CaZrTi2O7"> CaZrTi2O7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SYNROC" title=" SYNROC"> SYNROC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconolite" title=" zirconolite "> zirconolite </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79296/synthesis-and-characterization-of-cazrti2o7-from-tartrate-precursor-employing-microwave-heating-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">320</span> Optical Characterization and Surface Morphology of SnO2 Thin Films Prepared by Spin Coating Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Ajayi">J. O. Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Oluyamo"> S. S. Oluyamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Agunbiade"> D. B. Agunbiade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, tin oxide thin films (SnO2) were prepared using the spin coating technique. The effects of precursor concentration on the thin film properties were investigated. Tin oxide was synthesized from anhydrous Tin (II) Chloride (SnCl2) dispersed in Methanol and Acetic acid. The metallic oxide (SnO2) films deposited were characterized using the UV Spectrophotometer and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the absorption spectra, absorption increases with decrease in precursor concentration. Absorbance in the VIS region is lower than 0 % at higher concentration. The optical transmission spectrum shows that transmission increases as the concentration of precursor decreases and the maximum transmission in visible region is about 90% for films prepared with 0.2 M. Also, there is increase in the reflectance of thin films as concentration of precursor increases. The films have high transparency (more than 85%) and low reflectance (less than 40%) in the VIS region. Investigation showed that the direct band gap value increased from 3.79eV, to 3.82eV as the precursor concentration decreased from 0.6 M to 0.2 M. Average direct bandgap energy for all the tin oxide films was estimated to be 3.80eV. The effect of precursor concentration was directly observed in crystal outgrowth and surface particle densification. They were found to increase proportionately with higher concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anhydrous%20TIN%20%28II%29%20chloride" title="anhydrous TIN (II) chloride">anhydrous TIN (II) chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densification" title=" densification"> densification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIS-%20VIS%20region" title=" NIS- VIS region"> NIS- VIS region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20coating%20technique" title=" spin coating technique"> spin coating technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31411/optical-characterization-and-surface-morphology-of-sno2-thin-films-prepared-by-spin-coating-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">319</span> CuO Thin Films Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis: Influence of Precursor Solution Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lamri%20Zeggar">M. Lamri Zeggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bourfaa"> F. Bourfaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Adjimi"> A. Adjimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Boutebakh"> F. Boutebakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Aida"> M. S. Aida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Attaf"> N. Attaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CuO thin films were deposited by spray ultrasonic pyrolysis with different precursor solution. Two staring solution slats were used namely: Copper acetate and copper chloride. The influence of these solutions on CuO thin films proprieties of is instigated. The X rays diffraction (XDR) analysis indicated that the films deposed with copper acetate are amorphous however the films elaborated with copper chloride have monoclinic structure. UV- Visible transmission spectra showed a strong absorbance of the deposited CuO thin films in the visible region. Electrical characterization has shown that CuO thin films prepared with copper acetate have a higher electrical conductivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuprous%20oxide" title=" cuprous oxide"> cuprous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20solution" title=" precursor solution"> precursor solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36338/cuo-thin-films-deposition-by-spray-pyrolysis-influence-of-precursor-solution-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">318</span> Effect of Precursor’s Grain Size on the Conversion of Microcrystalline Gallium Antimonide GaSb to Nanocrystalline Gallium Nitride GaN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20F.%20Janik">Jerzy F. Janik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariusz%20Drygas"> Mariusz Drygas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslaw%20M.%20Bucko"> Miroslaw M. Bucko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple precursor system has been recently developed in our laboratory for the conversion of affordable microcrystalline gallium antimonide GaSb to a range of nanocrystalline powders of gallium nitride GaN – a wide bandgap semiconductor indispensable in modern optoelectronics. The process relies on high temperature nitridation reactions of GaSb with ammonia. Topochemical relationships set up by the cubic lattice of GaSb result in some metastable cubic GaN formed in addition to the stable hexagonal GaN. A prior application of high energy ball milling to the initially microcrystalline GaSb precursor is shown to alter the nitridation output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title="nanocrystalline">nanocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gallium%20nitride" title=" gallium nitride"> gallium nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title=" GaN"> GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gallium%20antimonide" title=" gallium antimonide"> gallium antimonide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaSb" title=" GaSb"> GaSb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitridation" title=" nitridation"> nitridation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20milling" title=" ball milling"> ball milling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18150/effect-of-precursors-grain-size-on-the-conversion-of-microcrystalline-gallium-antimonide-gasb-to-nanocrystalline-gallium-nitride-gan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">317</span> Optimization of Monascus Orange Pigments Production Using pH-Controlled Fed-Batch Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Min%20Kim">Young Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe"> Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monascus pigments, commonly used as a natural colorant in Asia, have many biological activities, such as cholesterol level control, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant, that have recently been elucidated. Especially, amino acid derivatives of Monascus pigments are receiving much attention because they have higher biological activities than original Monascus pigments. Previously, there have been two ways to produce amino acid derivatives: one-step production and two-step production. However, the one-step production has low purity, and the two-step production—precursor(orange pigments) fermentation and derivatives synthesis—has low productivity and growth rate during its precursor fermentation step. In this study, it was verified that pH is a key factor that affects the stability of orange pigments and the growth rate of Monascus. With an optimal pH profile obtained by pH-stat fermentation, we designed a process of precursor(orange pigments) fermentation that is a pH-controlled fed-batch fermentation. The final concentration of orange pigments in this process increased to 5.5g/L which is about 30% higher than the concentration produced from the previously used precursor fermentation step. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20process" title="cultivation process">cultivation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fed-batch%20fermentation" title=" fed-batch fermentation"> fed-batch fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monascus%20pigments" title=" monascus pigments"> monascus pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20stability" title=" pH stability"> pH stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55435/optimization-of-monascus-orange-pigments-production-using-ph-controlled-fed-batch-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">316</span> Monodisperse Quaternary Cobalt Chromium Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesised from a Single Source Precursor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadijat%20O.%20Abdulwahab">Khadijat O. Abdulwahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20Malik"> Mohammad A. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20O%E2%80%99Brien"> Paul O’Brien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grigore%20A.%20Timco"> Grigore A. Timco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Floriana%20Tuna"> Floriana Tuna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthesis of spinel ferrite nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution is very crucial in their numerous applications including information storage, hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery, contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, catalysis, sensors, and environmental remediation. Ferrites have the general formula MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn etc.) and possess remarkable electrical and magnetic properties which depend on the cations, method of preparation, size and their site occupancies. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the use of a single source precursor to synthesise quaternary ferrite nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrated the use of trimetallic iron pivalate cluster [CrCoFeO(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3] as a single source precursor to synthesise monodisperse cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO4) nanoparticles by the hot injection thermolysis method. The precursor was thermolysed in oleylamine, oleic acid, with diphenyl ether as solvent at its boiling point (260°C). The effect of concentration on the stoichiometry, phases or morphology of the nanoparticles was studied. The p-XRD patterns of the nanoparticles obtained at both concentrations were matched with cubic iron cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO4). TEM showed that a more monodispersed spherical ferrite nanoparticles of average diameter 4.0 ± 0.4 nm were obtained at higher precursor concentration. Magnetic measurements revealed that all the ferrite particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterised by Powder X-ray Diffraction (p-XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Super Conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ferrite%20nanoparticles" title="quaternary ferrite nanoparticles">quaternary ferrite nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20source%20precursor" title=" single source precursor"> single source precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monodisperse" title=" monodisperse"> monodisperse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20chromium%20ferrite" title=" cobalt chromium ferrite"> cobalt chromium ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal" title=" colloidal"> colloidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20injection%20thermolysis" title=" hot injection thermolysis"> hot injection thermolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15324/monodisperse-quaternary-cobalt-chromium-ferrite-nanoparticles-synthesised-from-a-single-source-precursor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">315</span> Characterization of CuO Incorporated CMOS Dielectric for Fast Switching System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nissar%20Mohammad%20Karim">Nissar Mohammad Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Soin"> Norhayati Soin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To ensure fast switching in high-K incorporated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, the results on the basis of d (NBTI) by incorporating SiO2 dielectric with aged samples of CuO sol-gels have been reported. Precursor ageing has been carried out for 4 days. The minimum obtained refractive index is 1.0099 which was found after 3 hours of adhesive UV curing. Obtaining a low refractive index exhibits a low dielectric constant and hence a faster system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractive%20index" title="refractive index">refractive index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sol-Gel" title=" Sol-Gel"> Sol-Gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20aging" title=" precursor aging"> precursor aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging "> aging </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18115/characterization-of-cuo-incorporated-cmos-dielectric-for-fast-switching-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">314</span> Cellulose Extraction from Pomelo Peel: Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitlada%20Chumee">Jitlada Chumee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drenpen%20Seeburin"> Drenpen Seeburin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cellulose was extracted from pomelo peel and an etherification reaction used for converting cellulose to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The pomelo peel was refluxed with 0.5 M HCl and 1 M NaOH solution at 90°C for 1 h and 2 h, respectively. The cellulose was bleached with calcium hypochlorite and used as precursor. The precursor was soaked in mixed solution between isopropyl alcohol and 40%w/v NaOH for 12 h. After that, chloroacetic acid was added and reacted at 55°C for 6 h. The optimum condition was 5 g of cellulose: 0.25 mole of NaOH : 0.07 mole of ClCH2COOH with 78.00% of yield. Moreover, the product had 0.54 of degree of substitution (DS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pomelo%20peel" title="pomelo peel">pomelo peel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyl%20cellulose" title=" carboxymethyl cellulose"> carboxymethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioplastic" title=" bioplastic"> bioplastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9705/cellulose-extraction-from-pomelo-peel-synthesis-of-carboxymethyl-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Effect of Eu2O3-doped ZnO Nanostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Otilia%20R.%20Vasile">Otilia R. Vasile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florina%20C.%20Ilie"> Florina C. Ilie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20F.%20Nicoara"> Irina F. Nicoara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20D.%20Ghitulica"> Cristina D. Ghitulica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roxana%20Trusca"> Roxana Trusca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ovidiu%20Oprea"> Ovidiu Oprea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasile%20A.%20Surdu"> Vasile A. Surdu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20S.%20Vasile"> Bogdan S. Vasile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecaterina%20Adronescu"> Ecaterina Adronescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work ZnO nanostructures (nanopowders and nanostars) have been synthesized via a simple sol-gel method. The used methods for synthesizing the nanostructures involve two steps as follows: (1) precipitation of zinc acetate precursor for the synthesis of ZnO nanopowders and zinc chloride precursor for the synthesis of ZnO nanostars and (2) addition of Eu2O3 in different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) using europium acetate as precursor. Detailed crystalline parameters for each of the synthetized species were analysed using X-ray diffraction. Structural transitions were also discussed. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared ZnO nanopowders and nanostars were investigated by electron microscopy. TEM investigations have shown an average particle size range from 23 to 29 nm and polyhedral and spherical morphology with tendency to form aggregates for nanopowders. For nanostars structures, a star-like morphology could be observed. Cytotoxicity tests on MG-63 cell lines were also performed. Photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanopowders have reached higher values compared to ZnO nanostars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title="cytotoxicity">cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20activity" title=" photocatalytic activity"> photocatalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25677/synthesis-characterization-and-cytotoxic-effect-of-eu2o3-doped-zno-nanostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> Characterizing of CuO Incorporated CMOS Dielectric for Fast Switching System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nissar%20Mohammad%20Karim">Nissar Mohammad Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Soin"> Norhayati Soin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To ensure fast switching in high-K incorporated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, the results on the basis of d (NBTI) by incorporating SiO2 dielectric with aged samples of CuO sol-gels have been reported. Precursor ageing has been carried out for 4 days. The minimum obtained refractive index is 1.0099 which was found after 3 hours of adhesive UV curing. Obtaining a low refractive index exhibits a low dielectric constant and hence a faster system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractive%20index" title="refractive index">refractive index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20ageing" title=" precursor ageing"> precursor ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallurgical%20and%20materials%20engineering" title=" metallurgical and materials engineering"> metallurgical and materials engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16951/characterizing-of-cuo-incorporated-cmos-dielectric-for-fast-switching-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> Effect of the Nature of Silica Precursor in Zeolite ZSM-22 Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyiko%20M.%20Chauke">Nyiko M. Chauke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Ramontja"> James Ramontja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20M.%20Moutloali"> Richard M. Moutloali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The zeolite ZSM-22 material demonstrated effective hydrophilic character as a nanoadditive filler in the preparation of nanocomposite membranes. In this study, nanorods ZSM-22 zeolite materials were hydrothermally synthesised from a homogenous gel mixture prepared using different silica precursors: colloidal silica, fumed silica, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and aluminium precursor: aluminium sulphate octadecahydrate (Al₂(SO₄)₃.18H₂O to Si/Al of 60. This was focused on developing a defect-free zeolite framework for effective use in applications such as membrane separation process, adsorption, and catalysis. The obtained ZSM-22 zeolite materials with 60 Si/Al ratio exhibits high crystallinity, hydrophilicity, and needle-like morphologies, suggesting successful synthesis as shown by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) physicochemical analysis. It was revealed that the use of different nature of silica precursors significantly influenced the properties of the final product and contributed to the development of defect-free zeolite material. As such, the crystalline nanorods of Theta-1 (TON) ZSM-22 obtained from TEOS silica showed high phase purity, defect-free, and narrow particle size distribution. Morphological analysis exhibited that the use of TEOS as silica precursor was effective than its counterparts and produced high crystalline need-like agglomerated particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20precursor" title="silica precursor">silica precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title=" hydrothermal synthesis"> hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20material" title=" zeolite material"> zeolite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZSM-22" title=" ZSM-22"> ZSM-22</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121139/effect-of-the-nature-of-silica-precursor-in-zeolite-zsm-22-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> The Effect of Calcining Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of Porous ZnO Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Masar">M. Masar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Janota"> P. Janota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sedlak"> J. Sedlak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Machovsky"> M. Machovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Kuritka"> I. Kuritka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc oxide (ZnO) nano crystals assembled porous architecture was prepared by thermal decomposition of zinc oxalate precursor at various temperatures ranging from 400-900°C. The effect of calcining temperature on structure and morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry, and BET adsorption analysis. The porous nano crystalline ZnO morphology was developed due to the release of volatile precursor products, while the overall shape of ZnO micro crystals was retained as a legacy of the precursor. The average crystallite size increased with increasing temperature of calcination from approximately 21 nm to 79 nm, while the specific surface area decreased from 30 to 1.7 m2g-1. The photo catalytic performance of prepared ZnO powders was evaluated by degradation of methyl violet 2B, a model compound. The significantly highest photo catalytic activity was achieved with powder calcined at 500°C. This may be attributed to the sufficiently well-developed crystalline arrangement, while the specific surface area is still high enough. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title="ZnO">ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20structure" title=" porous structure"> porous structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title=" photodegradation"> photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20violet" title=" methyl violet"> methyl violet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10735/the-effect-of-calcining-temperature-on-photocatalytic-activity-of-porous-zno-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">309</span> Effect of Si/Al Ratio on SSZ-13 Crystallization and Its Methanol-To-Olefins Catalytic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiqiang%20Xu">Zhiqiang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfang%20Ma"> Hongfang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weixin%20Qian"> Weixin Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SSZ-13 materials with different Si/Al ratio were prepared by varying the composition of aluminosilicate precursor solutions upon hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C. The Si/Al ratio of the initial system was systematically changed from 12.5 to infinity in order to study the limits of Al composition in precursor solutions for constructing CHA structure. The intermediates and final products were investigated by complementary techniques such as XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, and chemical analysis. NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD was used to study the Brønsted acidity of SSZ-13 samples with different Si/Al ratios. The effect of the Si/Al ratio on the precursor species, ultimate crystal size, morphology and yield was investigated. The results revealed that Al species determine the nucleation rate and the number of nuclei, which is tied to the morphology and yield of SSZ-13. The size of SSZ-13 increased and the yield decreased as the Si/Al ratio was improved. Varying Si/Al ratio of the initial system is a facile, commercially viable method of tailoring SSZ-13 crystal size and morphology. Furthermore, SSZ-13 materials with different Si/Al ratio were tested as catalysts for the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction at 350 °C. SSZ-13 with the Si/Al ratio of 35 shows the best MTO catalytic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title="crystallization">crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTO" title=" MTO"> MTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%2FAl%20ratio" title=" Si/Al ratio"> Si/Al ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSZ-13" title=" SSZ-13"> SSZ-13</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93128/effect-of-sial-ratio-on-ssz-13-crystallization-and-its-methanol-to-olefins-catalytic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">308</span> The Effect of Reaction Time on the Morphology and Phase of Quaternary Ferrite Nanoparticles (FeCoCrO₄) Synthesised from a Single Source Precursor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadijat%20Olabisi%20Abdulwahab">Khadijat Olabisi Abdulwahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Azad%20Malik"> Mohammad Azad Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20O%27Brien"> Paul O'Brien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grigore%20Timco"> Grigore Timco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Floriana%20Tuna"> Floriana Tuna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthesis of spinel ferrite nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution is very crucial in their numerous applications including information storage, hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery, contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, catalysis, sensors, and environmental remediation. Ferrites have the general formula MFe₂O₄ (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn e.t.c) and possess remarkable electrical and magnetic properties which depend on the cations, method of preparation, size and their site occupancies. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the use of a single source precursor to synthesise quaternary ferrite nanoparticles. Here in, we demonstrated the use of trimetallic iron pivalate cluster [CrCoFeO(O₂CᵗBu)₆(HO₂CᵗBu)₃] as a single source precursor to synthesise monodisperse cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO₄) nanoparticles by the hot injection thermolysis method. The precursor was thermolysed in oleylamine, oleic acid, with diphenyl ether as solvent at 260 °C. The effect of reaction time on the stoichiometry, phases or morphology of the nanoparticles was studied. The p-XRD patterns of the nanoparticles obtained after one hour was pure phase of cubic iron cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO₄). TEM showed that a more monodispersed spherical ferrite nanoparticles were obtained after one hour. Magnetic measurements revealed that the ferrite particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterised by Powder X-ray Diffraction (p-XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Super Conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20chromium%20ferrite" title="cobalt chromium ferrite">cobalt chromium ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal" title=" colloidal"> colloidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20injection%20thermolysis" title=" hot injection thermolysis"> hot injection thermolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monodisperse" title=" monodisperse"> monodisperse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20source%20precursor" title=" single source precursor"> single source precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ferrite%20nanoparticles" title=" quaternary ferrite nanoparticles"> quaternary ferrite nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70779/the-effect-of-reaction-time-on-the-morphology-and-phase-of-quaternary-ferrite-nanoparticles-fecocro4-synthesised-from-a-single-source-precursor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> Prophet and Philosopher Mohammed: A Precursor of Feminism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mozammel%20Haque">Mohammad Mozammel Haque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> That feminism is nothing but the name of a belief that women should have the same rights as men needs no telling. The history of modern western feminism is divided into three waves and each is described as dealing with different aspects of the same feminist issues. The first wave refers to the movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries, which dealt mainly with suffrage, working conditions and educational rights for women. The second wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws and the role of women in society. The third wave (late 1980s-early 2000s) is seen as both a continuation of the second wave and a response to the perceived failures. Mary Wollstonecraft struggled for the emancipation and freedom of the women of Europe, Begum Rokeya brought about revolution for the women of the East and West Bengal, Jeremy Bentham wrote for the independence of women in England. But if feminism refers to the movement of giving women what they deserve, then it won’t be an overstatement to state that Mohammad is the precursor of what we call feminism. This paper investigates the background of official starting of feminism, and also the backdrop of the women of Muhammad’s time. The article, besides showing that this great prophet and philosopher firstly brought about a movement for the education and rights of women and took them out of grave where they were buried alive, also delineates Mohammedan endeavours he attempted to give the women what they ought to have. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title=" equality"> equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title=" feminism"> feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor" title=" precursor"> precursor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22734/prophet-and-philosopher-mohammed-a-precursor-of-feminism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> The Effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids on the Blood Glucose and Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolic Pathways in Db/Db Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Huang">Juan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanqu%20Huang"> Nanqu Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingshan%20Shi"> Jingshan Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Qiu"> Yu Qiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: There are pathophysiological connections between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and research on drugs with hypoglycemic and beta-amyloid (Aβ)-clearing effects have great therapeutic potential for AD. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids (DNLA) as one of the active compounds of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. In this study, we attempted to verify the hypoglycemic effect and investigate the effects of DNLA on the amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolic pathway of the hippocampus in db/db mice. Methods: 4-weeks-old male C57BL/KsJ mice were the control group. And the same age and sexuality db/db mice were: model, DNLA-L (20 mg/kg), DNLA-M (40 mg/kg), and DNLA-H (80 mg/kg). After, mice were treated with different concentrations of DNLA for 17 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by glucose oxidase assay every week from the 4th to last week. The protein expression of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and APP were examined by Western blotting. Results: The concentration of FBG and the protein expression of Aβ1-42, BACE1, and APP were increased in the hippocampus of the model group. Moreover, DNLA not only significantly decreased the concentration of FBG but also reduced the protein expressions of Aβ1-42, BACE1 and APP in the hippocampus of db/db mice in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: DNLA can decrease the protein expressions of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus of db/db mice, and the mechanism may be involved in the APP metabolic pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 diabetes mellitus"> type 2 diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-site%20amyloid%20precursor%20protein-cleaving%20enzyme%201" title=" β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1"> β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Chinese%20medicines" title=" traditional Chinese medicines"> traditional Chinese medicines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-amyloid" title=" beta-amyloid"> beta-amyloid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152548/the-effect-of-dendrobium-nobile-lindl-alkaloids-on-the-blood-glucose-and-amyloid-precursor-protein-metabolic-pathways-in-dbdb-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized Using Sugar Cane as a Percursor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20Romanovicz">Vanessa Romanovicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20A.%20Berns"> Beatriz A. Berns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20D.%20Carpenter"> Stephen D. Carpenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deyse%20Carpenter"> Deyse Carpenter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with the carbon nanotubes (CNT) synthesized from a novel precursor, sugar cane and Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO). The objective was to produce CNTs to be used as catalyst supports for Proton Exchange Membranes. The influence of temperature, inert gas flow rate and concentration of the precursor is presented. The CNTs prepared were characterized using TEM, XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, and the surface area determined by BET. The results show that it is possible to form CNT from sugar cane by pyrolysis and the CNTs are the type multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The MWCNTs are short and closed at the two ends with very small surface area of SBET = 3.691m,/g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20cane" title=" sugar cane"> sugar cane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20support" title=" catalyst support"> catalyst support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3116/carbon-nanotubes-synthesized-using-sugar-cane-as-a-percursor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Using of Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assays to Study Homo and/ or Heterodimerization of Laminin Receptor 37 LRP/ 67 LR with Galectin-3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fulwah%20Alqahtani">Fulwah Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Mahdavi"> Jafar Mahdavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Weldon"> Lee Weldon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nick%20Holliday"> Nick Holliday</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dlawer%20Ala%27Aldeen"> Dlawer Ala'Aldeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are two isoforms of laminin receptor; monomeric 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor (37 LRP) and mature 67 kDa laminin receptor (67 LR). The relationship between the 67 LR and its precursor 37 LRP is not completely understood, but previous observations have suggested that 37 LRP can undergo homo- and/or hetero- dimerization with Galectin-3 (Gal-3) to form mature 67 LR. Gal-3 is the only member of the chimera-type group of galectins, and has one C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that is responsible for binding the ß-galactoside moieties of mono- or oligosaccharides on several host and microbial molecules. The aim of this work was to investigate homo- and hetero-dimerization among the 37 LRP and Gal-3 to form mature 67 LR in mammalian cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=37%20LRP" title="37 LRP">37 LRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=67%20LR" title=" 67 LR"> 67 LR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gal-3" title=" Gal-3"> Gal-3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BiFC" title=" BiFC"> BiFC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15423/using-of-bimolecular-fluorescence-complementation-bifc-assays-to-study-homo-and-or-heterodimerization-of-laminin-receptor-37-lrp-67-lr-with-galectin-3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Superficial Metrology of Organometallic Chemical Vapour Deposited Undoped ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel and Soda-Lime Glass Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uchenna%20Sydney%20Mbamara">Uchenna Sydney Mbamara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolu%20Olofinjana"> Bolu Olofinjana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezekiel%20Oladele%20B.%20Ajayi"> Ezekiel Oladele B. Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elaborate surface metrology of undoped ZnO thin films, deposited by organometallic chemical vapour deposition (OMCVD) technique at different precursor flow rates, was carried out. Dicarbomethyl-zinc precursor was used. The films were deposited on AISI304L steel and soda-lime glass substrates. Ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy showed that all the thin films were over 80% transparent, with an average bandgap of 3.39 eV, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the thin films were crystalline with a hexagonal structure, while Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) results identified the elements present in each thin film as zinc and oxygen in the ratio of 1:1. Microscope and contactless profilometer results gave images with characteristic colours. The profilometer also gave the surface roughness data in both 2D and 3D. The asperity distribution of the thin film surfaces was Gaussian, while the average fractal dimension Da was in the range of 2.5 ≤ Da. The metrology proved the surfaces good for ‘touch electronics’ and coating mechanical parts for low friction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undoped%20ZnO" title="undoped ZnO">undoped ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20flow%20rate" title=" precursor flow rate"> precursor flow rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMCVD" title=" OMCVD"> OMCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20texture" title=" surface texture"> surface texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168457/superficial-metrology-of-organometallic-chemical-vapour-deposited-undoped-zno-thin-films-on-stainless-steel-and-soda-lime-glass-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Synthesis, Characterization and Gas Sensing Applications of Perovskite CaZrO3 Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20M.%20Patil">B. M. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calcium Zirconate (CaZrO3) has high protonic conductivities at elevated temperature in water or hydrogen atmosphere. Undoped calcium zirconate acts as a p-type semiconductor in air. In this paper, we reported synthesis of CaZrO3 nanoparticles via modified molecular precursor method. The precursor calcium zirconium oxalate (CZO) was synthesized by exchange reaction between freshly generated aqueous solution of sodium zirconyl oxalate and calcium acetate at room temperature. The controlled pyrolysis of CZO in air at 700°C for one hour resulted in the formation nanocrystalline CaZrO3 powder. CaZrO3 obtained by the present method was characterized by Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pellets of synthesized CaZrO3 fabricated, sintered at 1000°C for 5 hr and tested as sensors for NO2 and NH3 gases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaZrO3" title="CaZrO3">CaZrO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CZO" title=" CZO"> CZO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NO2" title=" NO2"> NO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NH3" title=" NH3"> NH3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79303/synthesis-characterization-and-gas-sensing-applications-of-perovskite-cazro3-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Inflow Strategy in Wind Energy Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arijit%20Saha">Arijit Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Kassem"> Hassan Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leo%20Hoening"> Leo Hoening</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ongoing climate change demands the increasing use of renewable energies. Wind energy plays an important role in this context since it can be applied almost everywhere in the world. To reduce the costs of wind turbines and to make them more competitive, simulations are very important since experiments are often too costly if at all possible. The wind turbine on a vast open area experiences the turbulence generated due to the atmosphere, so it was of utmost interest from this research point of view to generate the turbulence through various Inlet Turbulence Generation methods like Precursor cyclic and Kaimal Spectrum Exponential Coherence (KSEC) in the computational simulation domain. To be able to validate computational fluid dynamic simulations of wind turbines with the experimental data, it is crucial to set up the conditions in the simulation as close to reality as possible. This present work, therefore, aims at investigating the turbulent inflow strategy and boundary conditions of KSEC and providing a comparative analysis alongside the Precursor cyclic method for Large Eddy Simulation within the context of wind energy applications. For the generation of the turbulent box through KSEC method, firstly, the constrained data were collected from an auxiliary channel flow, and later processing was performed with the open-source tool PyconTurb, whereas for the precursor cyclic, only the data from the auxiliary channel were sufficient. The functionality of these methods was studied through various statistical properties such as variance, turbulent intensity, etc with respect to different Bulk Reynolds numbers, and a conclusion was drawn on the feasibility of KSEC method. Furthermore, it was found necessary to verify the obtained data with DNS case setup for its applicability to use it as a real field CFD simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inlet%20Turbulence%20Generation" title="Inlet Turbulence Generation">Inlet Turbulence Generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20cyclic" title=" precursor cyclic"> precursor cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KSEC" title=" KSEC"> KSEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20Eddy%20simulation" title=" large Eddy simulation"> large Eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PyconTurb" title=" PyconTurb"> PyconTurb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150507/numerical-investigation-of-turbulent-inflow-strategy-in-wind-energy-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> A Kernel-Based Method for MicroRNA Precursor Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Liu">Bin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, functioning in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The discrimination of the real pre-miRNAs from the false ones (such as hairpin sequences with similar stem-loops) is necessary for the understanding of miRNAs’ role in the control of cell life and death. Since both their small size and sequence specificity, it cannot be based on sequence information alone but requires structure information about the miRNA precursor to get satisfactory performance. Kmers are convenient and widely used features for modeling the properties of miRNAs and other biological sequences. However, Kmers suffer from the inherent limitation that if the parameter K is increased to incorporate long range effects, some certain Kmer will appear rarely or even not appear, as a consequence, most Kmers absent and a few present once. Thus, the statistical learning approaches using Kmers as features become susceptible to noisy data once K becomes large. In this study, we proposed a Gapped k-mer approach to overcome the disadvantages of Kmers, and applied this method to the field of miRNA prediction. Combined with the structure status composition, a classifier called imiRNA-GSSC was proposed. We show that compared to the original imiRNA-kmer and alternative approaches. Trained on human miRNA precursors, this predictor can achieve an accuracy of 82.34 for predicting 4022 pre-miRNA precursors from eleven species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gapped%20k-mer" title="gapped k-mer">gapped k-mer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imiRNA-GSSC" title=" imiRNA-GSSC"> imiRNA-GSSC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA%20precursor" title=" microRNA precursor"> microRNA precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77955/a-kernel-based-method-for-microrna-precursor-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Morphology Study of Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells in Sequential Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmat%20Nawaz">Asmat Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Koray%20Erdinc"> Ali Koray Erdinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burak%20Gultekin"> Burak Gultekin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tayyib"> Muhammad Tayyib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceylan%20Zafer"> Ceylan Zafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiying%20Wang"> Kaiying Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nadeem%20Akram"> M. Nadeem Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a sequential deposition process is used for the fabrication of PEDOT: PSS based inverted planar perovskite solar cell. A small amount of additive deionized water (DI-H<sub>2</sub>O) was added into PbI<sub>2</sub> + Dimethyl formamide (DMF) precursor solution in order to increase the solubility of PbI<sub>2</sub> in DMF, and finally to manipulate the surface morphology of the perovskite films. A morphology transition from needle like structure to hexagonal plates, and then needle-like again has been observed as the DI-H2O was added continuously (0.0 wt% to 3.0wt%). The latter one leads to full surface coverage of the perovskite, which is essential for high performance solar cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20diffusion%20lengths" title="charge carrier diffusion lengths">charge carrier diffusion lengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methylamonium%20lead%20iodide" title=" Methylamonium lead iodide"> Methylamonium lead iodide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20composition" title=" precursor composition"> precursor composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cell" title=" perovskite solar cell"> perovskite solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20deposition" title=" sequential deposition"> sequential deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54517/morphology-study-of-inverted-planar-heterojunction-perovskite-solar-cells-in-sequential-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Influence of MgO Physically Mixed with Tungsten Oxide Supported Silica Catalyst on Coke Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thidaya%20Thitiapichart">Thidaya Thitiapichart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of additional magnesium oxide (MgO) was investigated by using the tungsten oxide supported on silica catalyst (WOx/SiO2) physically mixed with MgO in a weight ratio 1:1. The both fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by FT-Raman spectrometer, UV-Vis spectrometer, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The results indicated that the additional MgO could enhance the conversion of trans-2-butene due to isomerization reaction. However, adding MgO would increase the amount of coke deposit on the WOx/SiO2 catalyst. The TPO profile presents two peaks when the WOx/SiO2 catalyst was physically mixed with MgO. The further peak was suggested to be coming from the coke precursor that could be produced by isomerization reaction of the undesired product. Then, the occurred coke precursor could deposit and form coke on the acid catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coke%20formation" title="coke formation">coke formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metathesis" title=" metathesis"> metathesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20oxide" title=" magnesium oxide"> magnesium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physically%20mix" title=" physically mix "> physically mix </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25495/influence-of-mgo-physically-mixed-with-tungsten-oxide-supported-silica-catalyst-on-coke-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Study of Divalent Phosphate Iron-Oxide Precursor Recycling Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinn-Dar%20Wu">Shinn-Dar Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to synthesize lithium iron phosphate cathode material using a recycling technology involving non-protective gas calcination. The advantages include lower cost and easier production than traditional methods that require a large amount of protective gas. The novel technology may have extensive industrial applications. Given that the traditional gas calcination has a large number of protection free Fe3+ production, this study developed a precursor iron phosphate (Fe2+) material recycling technology and conducted related tests and analyses. It focused on flow field design of calcination and new technology as well as analyzed the best conditions for powder calcination combination. The electrical properties were determined by button batteries and exhibited a capacity of 118 mAh/g (The use of new materials synthesis, capacitance is about 122 mAh/g). The cost reduced to 50% of the original. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20battery" title="lithium battery">lithium battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20iron%20phosphate" title=" lithium iron phosphate"> lithium iron phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcined%20technology" title=" calcined technology"> calcined technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20technology" title=" recycling technology"> recycling technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5225/study-of-divalent-phosphate-iron-oxide-precursor-recycling-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourfaa%20Fouzia">Bourfaa Fouzia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meryem%20Lamri%20Zeggar"> Meryem Lamri Zeggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adjimi%20Amel"> Adjimi Amel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salah%20Aida"> Mohammed Salah Aida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Attaf"> Nadir Attaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semiconductor photocatalysts such as ZnO has attracted much attention in recent years due to their various applications for the degradation of organic pollutants in water, air and in dye sensitized photovoltaic solar cell. In the present work, ZnO thin films were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis by using different precursors namely: Acetate, chloride and zinc nitrate in order to investigate their influence on ZnO photocatalytic activity. The films crystalline structure was studied by mean of X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and the films surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The films optical properties were studied by mean of UV–visible spectroscopy. The prepared films were tested for the degradation of the red reactive dye largely used in textile industry. As a result, we found that the zinc nitrate is the best precursor to prepare ZnO thin films suitable for a good photocatalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor" title="precursor">precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thins%20films" title=" thins films"> thins films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36904/zinc-oxide-thin-films-deposition-by-spray-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Development of Single Layer of WO3 on Large Spatial Resolution by Atomic Layer Deposition Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zhuiykov">S. Zhuiykov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zh.%20Hai"> Zh. Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Xu"> H. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Xue"> C. Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unique and distinctive properties could be obtained on such two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor as tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) when the reduction from multi-layer to one fundamental layer thickness takes place. This transition without damaging single-layer on a large spatial resolution remained elusive until the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was utilized. Here we report the ALD-enabled atomic-layer-precision development of a single layer WO<sub>3</sub> with thickness of 0.77±0.07 nm on a large spatial resolution by using (<sup>t</sup>BuN)<sub>2</sub>W(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as tungsten precursor and H<sub>2</sub>O as oxygen precursor, without affecting the underlying SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate. Versatility of ALD is in tuning recipe in order to achieve the complete WO<sub>3</sub> with desired number of WO<sub>3</sub> layers including monolayer. Governed by self-limiting surface reactions, the ALD-enabled approach is versatile, scalable and applicable for a broader range of 2D semiconductors and various device applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atomic%20Layer%20Deposition%20%28ALD%29" title="Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)">Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20oxide" title=" tungsten oxide"> tungsten oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WO%E2%82%83" title=" WO₃"> WO₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-dimensional%20semiconductors" title=" two-dimensional semiconductors"> two-dimensional semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20fundamental%20layer" title=" single fundamental layer"> single fundamental layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54206/development-of-single-layer-of-wo3-on-large-spatial-resolution-by-atomic-layer-deposition-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> In situ Investigation of PbI₂ Precursor Film Formation and Its Subsequent Conversion to Mixed Cation Perovskite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dounya%20Barrit">Dounya Barrit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Chun%20Tang"> Ming-Chun Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoang%20Dang"> Hoang Dang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Wang"> Kai Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Detlef-M.%20Smilgies"> Detlef-M. Smilgies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aram%20Amassian"> Aram Amassian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several deposition methods have been developed for perovskite film preparation. The one-step spin-coating process has emerged as a more popular option thanks to its ability to produce films of different compositions, including mixed cation and mixed halide perovskites, which can stabilize the perovskite phase and produce phases with desired band gap. The two-step method, however, is not understood in great detail. There is a significant need and opportunity to adopt the two-step process toward mixed cation and mixed halide perovskites, but this requires deeper understanding of the two-step conversion process, for instance when using different cations and mixtures thereof, to produce high-quality perovskite films with uniform composition. In this work, we demonstrate using in situ investigations that the conversion of PbI₂ to perovskite is largely dictated by the state of the PbI₂ precursor film in terms of its solvated state. Using time-resolved grazing incidence wide-angle X-Ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements during spin coating of PbI₂ from a DMF (Dimethylformamide) solution we show the film formation to be a sol-gel process involving three PbI₂-DMF solvate complexes: disordered precursor (P₀), ordered precursor (P₁, P₂) prior to PbI₂ formation at room temperature after 5 minutes. The ordered solvates are highly metastable and eventually disappear, but we show that performing conversion from P₀, P₁, P₂ or PbI₂ can lead to very different conversion behaviors and outcomes. We compare conversion behaviors by using MAI (Methylammonium iodide), FAI (Formamidinium Iodide) and mixtures of these cations, and show that conversion can occur spontaneously and quite rapidly at room temperature without requiring further thermal annealing. We confirm this by demonstrating improvements in the morphology and microstructure of the resulting perovskite films, using techniques such as in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, SEM and XRD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20GIWAXS" title="in situ GIWAXS">in situ GIWAXS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20iodide" title=" lead iodide"> lead iodide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20cation" title=" mixed cation"> mixed cation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cell" title=" perovskite solar cell"> perovskite solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20process" title=" sol-gel process"> sol-gel process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvate%20phase" title=" solvate phase"> solvate phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96205/in-situ-investigation-of-pbi2-precursor-film-formation-and-its-subsequent-conversion-to-mixed-cation-perovskite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Precursor Synthesis of Carbon Materials with Different Aggregates Morphologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20A.%20Khlebnikov">Nikolai A. Khlebnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20N.%20Krasilnikov"> Vladimir N. Krasilnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgenii%20V.%20Polyakov"> Evgenii V. Polyakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasia%20A.%20Maltceva"> Anastasia A. Maltceva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon materials with advanced surfaces are widely used both in modern industry and in environmental protection. The physical-chemical nature of these materials is determined by the morphology of primary atomic and molecular carbon structures, which are the basis for synthesizing the following materials: zero-dimensional (fullerenes), one-dimensional (fiber, tubes), two-dimensional (graphene) carbon nanostructures, three-dimensional (multi-layer graphene, graphite, foams) with unique physical-chemical and functional properties. Experience shows that the microscopic morphological level is the basis for the creation of the next mesoscopic morphological level. The dependence of the morphology on the chemical way and process prehistory (crystallization, colloids formation, liquid crystal state and other) is the peculiarity of the last called level. These factors determine the consumer properties of carbon materials, such as specific surface area, porosity, chemical resistance in corrosive environments, catalytic and adsorption activities. Based on the developed ideology of thin precursor synthesis, the authors discuss one of the approaches of the porosity control of carbon-containing materials with a given aggregates morphology. The low-temperature thermolysis of precursors in a gas environment of a given composition is the basis of the above-mentioned idea. The processes of carbothermic precursor synthesis of two different compounds: tungsten carbide WC:nC and zinc oxide ZnO:nC containing an impurity phase in the form of free carbon were selected as subjects of the research. In the first case, the transition metal (tungsten) forming carbides was the object of the synthesis. In the second case, there was selected zinc that does not form carbides. The synthesis of both kinds of transition metals compounds was conducted by the method of precursor carbothermic synthesis from the organic solution. ZnO:nC composites were obtained by thermolysis of succinate Zn(OO(CH2)2OO), formate glycolate Zn(HCOO)(OCH2CH2O)1/2, glycerolate Zn(OCH2CHOCH2OH), and tartrate Zn(OOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COO). WC:nC composite was synthesized from ammonium paratungstate and glycerol. In all cases, carbon structures that are specific for diamond- like carbon forms appeared on the surface of WC and ZnO particles after the heat treatment. Tungsten carbide and zinc oxide were removed from the composites by selective chemical dissolution preserving the amorphous carbon phase. This work presents the results of investigating WC:nC and ZnO:nC composites and carbon nanopowders with tubular, tape, plate and onion morphologies of aggregates that are separated by chemical dissolution of WC and ZnO from the composites by the following methods: SEM, TEM, XPA, Raman spectroscopy, and BET. The connection between the carbon morphology under the conditions of synthesis and chemical nature of the precursor and the possibility of regulation of the morphology with the specific surface area up to 1700-2000 m2/g of carbon-structured materials are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20morphology" title="carbon morphology">carbon morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20materials" title=" composite materials"> composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20synthesis" title=" precursor synthesis"> precursor synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20carbide" title=" tungsten carbide"> tungsten carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32660/precursor-synthesis-of-carbon-materials-with-different-aggregates-morphologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor&page=11">11</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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