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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Énergie de fusion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div id="homonymie" class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette <a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie">page d’homonymie</a> répertorie les différents sujets et articles portant le même nom. </p> </div></div> <p>L’<b>énergie de fusion</b> peut avoir deux significations techniques différentes : </p> <ul><li>l'une au niveau d'un corps, ne modifie pas sa composition atomique, ni chimique, mais sa forme (gaz, liquide, solide) ;</li> <li>l'autre modifie la structure atomique.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Énergie_de_fusion,_de_changement_d'état_de_la_matière"><span id=".C3.89nergie_de_fusion.2C_de_changement_d.27.C3.A9tat_de_la_mati.C3.A8re"></span>Énergie de fusion, de <a href="/wiki/Changement_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Changement d'état">changement d'état</a> de la matière</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Énergie de fusion, de changement d'état de la matière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Énergie de fusion, de changement d'état de la matière"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elle est nommée <a href="/wiki/Enthalpie_de_changement_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Enthalpie de changement d'état">chaleur latente</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(physique)" title="Fusion (physique)">fusion</a>-<a href="/wiki/Solidification" title="Solidification">solidification</a>, (passages des états solide aux états liquides) ou aussi "<a href="/wiki/Enthalpie_de_changement_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Enthalpie de changement d'état">Enthalpie de changement d'état</a>". Cette énergie est rapportée à l'unité de masse (<abbr class="abbr" title="joule par kilogramme">J kg<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) ou unité de mole (<abbr class="abbr" title="joule">J</abbr>/mol ou J.mol<sup>-1</sup>), pour permettre les comparaisons entre composés chimiques de formulations chimiques différentes. De très nombreux domaines nécessitent la prise en compte de cette énergie. Par exemple : </p> <ol><li>En <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Météorologie">météorologie</a>. Par exemple la chaleur latente de fusion de la banquise joue un rôle très important dans la météo mondiale.</li> <li>Les différentes soudures utilises des méthodes de fusion variées.</li> <li>Les <a href="/wiki/Pompe_%C3%A0_chaleur" title="Pompe à chaleur">pompes à chaleur</a> et les <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rateur" title="Réfrigérateur">frigos</a> n'utilisent pas la fusion, mais utilisent l'autre changement d'état, la <a href="/wiki/Vaporisation" title="Vaporisation">vaporisation</a>/condensation d'un fluide avec des qualités précises de température et de pression de changement d'état. On parle alors de <a href="/wiki/Fluide_frigorig%C3%A8ne" title="Fluide frigorigène">fluide frigorigène</a>.</li> <li>Une nouvelle application, va dans le sens du retour en grâce des inerties dans le bâtiment, les <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau_%C3%A0_changement_de_phase_(thermique)" title="Matériau à changement de phase (thermique)">matériaux à changement de phase</a> MCP.</li> <li>autres applications…</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Énergie_de_fusion_nucléaire"><span id=".C3.89nergie_de_fusion_nucl.C3.A9aire"></span>Énergie de fusion nucléaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Énergie de fusion nucléaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Énergie de fusion nucléaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Énergie de fusion nucléaire">Énergie de fusion nucléaire</a>.</div></div> <p>L'<b>énergie de fusion</b> représente l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie" title="Énergie">énergie</a> produite à partir de <a href="/wiki/Physique_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Physique nucléaire">réactions</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fusion nucléaire">fusion nucléaire</a> durant lesquelles deux <a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">atomes</a> légers fusionnent pour produire un <a href="/wiki/Noyau_atomique" title="Noyau atomique">noyau</a> plus lourd et dégager une certaine quantité d'énergie, principalement sous forme de <a href="/wiki/Transfert_thermique" title="Transfert thermique">chaleur</a>. </p><p>Contrairement à la <a href="/wiki/Fission_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fission nucléaire">fission nucléaire</a>, la production d'énergie à partir de réactions de fusion n'est pas encore maîtrisée et la plus grande installation expérimentale, le <i><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Torus" title="Joint European Torus">Joint European Torus</a></i>, n'a pu produire que 10 <abbr class="abbr" title="mégawatt"><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">MW</a></abbr> pendant 0,5 seconde avec un pic à 16,1 <abbr class="abbr" title="mégawatt"><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">MW</a></abbr>. <a href="/wiki/International_Thermonuclear_Experimental_Reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor">ITER</a>, dont la construction a débuté en 2005, doit permettre de démontrer la faisabilité technique de la production d'énergie à partir des réactions de fusion. L'étape suivante, <a href="/wiki/Demo_(r%C3%A9acteur)" title="Demo (réacteur)">Demo</a>, doit démontrer la possibilité de produire de l'électricité de façon continue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpie_de_fusion" title="Enthalpie de fusion">Enthalpie de fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fusion nucléaire">Fusion nucléaire</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89nergie_de_fusion" title="Modèle:Palette Énergie de fusion"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89nergie_de_fusion&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Énergie de fusion</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Théorie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noyau_atomique" title="Noyau atomique">Noyau atomique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Énergie nucléaire">Énergie nucléaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fusion nucléaire">Fusion nucléaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physique_des_plasmas" title="Physique des plasmas">Physique des plasmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tohydrodynamique" title="Magnétohydrodynamique">Magnétohydrodynamique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri%C3%A8re_coulombienne" title="Barrière coulombienne">Barrière coulombienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crit%C3%A8re_de_Lawson" title="Critère de Lawson">Critère de Lawson</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Type par<br />confinement</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fusion_par_confinement_magn%C3%A9tique" title="Fusion par confinement magnétique">Magnétique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_sph%C3%A9rique" title="Tokamak sphérique">Tokamak sphérique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellarator" title="Stellarator">Stellarator</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fusion_par_confinement_inertiel" title="Fusion par confinement inertiel">Inertiel</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confinement_inertiel_par_laser" title="Confinement inertiel par laser">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-pinch" title="Z-pinch">Z-pinch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonofusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonofusion (page inexistante)">Sonofusion</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Confinement_inertiel_%C3%A9lectrostatique" title="Confinement inertiel électrostatique">Électrostatique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Confinement_inertiel_%C3%A9lectrostatique" title="Confinement inertiel électrostatique">Fuseur de Farnsworth-Hirsch</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fusion_froide" title="Fusion froide">Fusion froide</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_catalys%C3%A9e_par_muons" title="Fusion catalysée par muons">Fusion catalysée par muons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_pyro%C3%A9lectrique" title="Fusion pyroélectrique">Fusion pyroélectrique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Réacteurs</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Confinement<br />magnétique</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">International</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demo_(r%C3%A9acteur)" title="Demo (réacteur)">DEMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROTO_(r%C3%A9acteur)" title="PROTO (réacteur)">PROTO</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Amériques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Canada"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> STOR-1M</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : États-Unis"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=DIII-D_(fusion_reactor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIII-D (fusion reactor) (page inexistante)">D<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>-D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor" title="Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor">TFTR</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Spherical_Torus_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Spherical Torus Experiment (page inexistante)">NSTX</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Compact_Stellarator_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Compact Stellarator Experiment (page inexistante)">NCSX</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electric_Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electric Tokamak (page inexistante)">UCLA ET</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcator_C-Mod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcator C-Mod (page inexistante)">Alcator C-Mod</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levitated_Dipole_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levitated Dipole Experiment (page inexistante)">LDX</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPARC_(r%C3%A9acteur)" title="SPARC (réacteur)">SPARC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Brésil"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ETE_(tokamak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETE (tokamak) (page inexistante)">ETE</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Asie/Australie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Japon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/JT-60" title="JT-60">JT-60</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Helical_Device&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Helical Device (page inexistante)">LHD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Corée du Sud"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KSTAR" title="KSTAR">KSTAR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Chine (République populaire de)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9acteur_HT-7" title="Réacteur HT-7">HT-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Advanced_Superconducting_Tokamak" title="Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak">EAST</a>, <a href="/wiki/HL-2M" title="HL-2M">HL-2M</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Fusion_Engineering_Test_Reactor" title="China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor">CFETR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Australie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H-1NF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H-1NF (page inexistante)">H-1NF</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Europe</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Allemagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASDEX_Upgrade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASDEX Upgrade (page inexistante)">ASDEX Upgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendelstein_7-X" title="Wendelstein 7-X">W7-X</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokamak_de_Fontenay-aux-Roses" title="Tokamak de Fontenay-aux-Roses">TFR</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak_Petula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokamak Petula (page inexistante)">Petula</a>, <a href="/wiki/WEST_(tokamak)" title="WEST (tokamak)">WEST (ex-Tore Supra)</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Italie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> FTU, IGNITOR</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Royaume-Uni"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mega_Ampere_Spherical_Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (page inexistante)">MAST</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_Tight_Aspect_Ratio_Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (page inexistante)">START</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Russie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9acteur_T-15" title="Réacteur T-15">T-15</a></li> <li><span style="margin:0px 3px 0px 2px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Suisse"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokamak_%C3%A0_configuration_variable" title="Tokamak à configuration variable">TCV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span>+<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Royaume-Uni"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Torus" title="Joint European Torus">JET</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Confinement<br />inertiel</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Avec laser</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Asie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Japon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GEKKO_XII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GEKKO XII (page inexistante)">GEKKO XII</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">États-Unis</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility" title="National Ignition Facility">NIF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OMEGA_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OMEGA laser (page inexistante)">OMEGA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova laser (page inexistante)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novette_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novette laser (page inexistante)">Novette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nike_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nike laser (page inexistante)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiva_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiva laser (page inexistante)">Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argus_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argus laser (page inexistante)">Argus laser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclops_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclops laser (page inexistante)">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janus_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janus laser (page inexistante)">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_path_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long path laser (page inexistante)">Long path</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4_pi_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4 pi laser (page inexistante)">4 pi</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Europe</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/High_Power_Laser_Energy_Research" title="High Power Laser Energy Research">Hiper laser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule" title="Laser Mégajoule">LMJ</a> <a href="/wiki/LULI2000" title="LULI2000">LULI2000</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Royaume-Uni"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulcan laser (page inexistante)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Russie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISKRA_lasers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISKRA lasers (page inexistante)">ISKRA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Tchéquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asterix_IV_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asterix IV laser (page inexistante)">Asterix IV</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sans laser</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">États-Unis</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z_machine" title="Z machine">Z machine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_r%C3%A9acteurs_%C3%A0_fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire" 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cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>1 langue</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Ajouter un sujet</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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