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Outre-Manche, on y voit l'un des nombreux chefs-d'\u0153uvre de Walter Scott (1771-1832), dans le genre litt\u00e9raire du roman historique qu'il cr\u00e9a et ma\u00eetrisa. En France, Ivanho\u00e9 passe, avec Quentin Durward (1823), pour l'\u0153uvre par excellence de Scott. Il est vrai que trop de lecteurs fran\u00e7ais ignorent des r\u00e9cits aussi aboutis que Le C\u0153ur du Mid-Lothian (1818), Waverley (1815), ou Old Mortality (1816, que son titre fran\u00e7ais, Les Puritains d'\u00c9cosse , n'incite gu\u00e8re \u00e0 lire). 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Un art de la reconstitution historique </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="IVANHOÉ, Walter Scott - Fiche de lecture, Rowena et Rebecca" href="/encyclopedie/ivanhoe/2-rowena-et-rebecca/"> 2. Rowena et Rebecca </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="IVANHOÉ, Walter Scott - Fiche de lecture, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/ivanhoe/3-bibliographie/"> 3. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>IVANHOÉ, </strong><span class="rm">Walter Scott</span><span class="label-sub"> Fiche de lecture</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-fiches_de_lecture" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yBI00466_0"><i class="anchor" id="yBI00466_0"></i><p><em>Ivanhoé</em>, qui prend pour cadre historique le retour de Richard Cœur de Lion en Angleterre après la fin de la troisième croisade et de sa captivité en Autriche, jouit d'une réputation différente en France et en Grande-Bretagne. Outre-Manche, on y voit l'un des nombreux chefs-d'œuvre de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de WALTER SCOTT (1771-1832). L'œuvre de Scott ne peut être appréciée à sa véritable valeur que replacée dans une perspective historique ; il serait en effet tout à fait injuste, et inexact, d'en faire un écrivain mineur à reléguer sur les rayons des bibliothèques enfantines. Créateur d'un genre narratif, le roman historique , Scott a exercé sur son époque une influence..." title="Article : WALTER SCOTT (1771-1832)" href="/encyclopedie/walter-scott/">Walter Scott</a> (1771-1832), dans le genre littéraire du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le roman a toujours puisé dans l'histoire de quoi nourrir ses fictions et leur donner les prestiges du vraisemblable. Mais, en tant que genre spécifiquement déterminé, le roman historique a pris son essor — comme la plupart des formes romanesques — au xix e siècle, alors que la bourgeoisie prend le pouvoir. C'est au xviii e siècle que l'histoire commence à être traitée comme une..." title="Article : ROMAN HISTORIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/roman-historique/">roman historique</a> qu'il créa et maîtrisa. En France, <em>Ivanhoé</em> passe, avec <em>Quentin Durward</em> (1823), pour l'œuvre par excellence de Scott. Il est vrai que trop de lecteurs français ignorent des récits aussi aboutis que <em>Le Cœur du Mid-Lothian</em> (1818), <em>Waverley</em> (1815), ou <em>Old Mortality</em> (1816, que son titre français, <em>Les Puritains d'Écosse</em>, n'incite guère à lire). Autant de livres qui témoignent de la force créatrice d'un très grand écrivain écossais.</p><p>Né en 1771 à Édimbourg, Walter Scott était devenu sir Walter lorsqu'il mourut dans sa seigneuriale demeure d'Abbotsford en 1832. Entre ces deux dates se situe une existence relativement brève mais bien remplie : de bonnes études, une belle carrière de juriste et de haut fonctionnaire, un mariage (en 1797) avec une jeune femme d'origine française, et une surabondante production littéraire. Scott commence avec éclat par une série de longs poèmes entre 1802 et 1815 ; quand il cesse, avec le soudain triomphe de Byron, d'occuper la première place, Scott passe au roman et publie anonymement <em>Waverley</em> en 1815 ; ses vingt et un romans suivants (dont <em>Ivanhoé</em> en 1819) seront signés par « l'auteur de <em>Waverley</em> ». En 1827, Scott reconnaît enfin la paternité de son œuvre romanesque. Victime d'un désastre financier à la suite de spéculations éditoriales aventureuses, il travaillera dur pendant ses dernières années pour éponger des dettes écrasantes ; il y parvient en écrivant encore quatre romans, ainsi que des ouvrages historiques, des nouvelles, tout en menant à bien une édition de ses œuvres complètes avec des préfaces et des annotations.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yBI00466_1"><i class="anchor" id="yBI00466_1"></i><h2>Un art de la reconstitution historique</h2><p>Paru après la série des grands romans écossais de Scott, <em>Ivanhoé</em> met en scène des figures historiques et des personnages inventés ; il insiste sur les conflits qui déchiraient l'Angleterre à la fin du <span class="pc">xii</span><sup>e</sup> siècle. Au sommet, les fils de Henri II se disputent le pouvoir : le prince Jean compte bien supplanter sur le trône son demi-frère Richard, excellent guerrier qui, s'il a accompli pendant la croisade quelques exploits, a eu la maladresse de se faire capturer en traversant le territoire autrichien sous un déguisement. Les hobereaux et les aristocrates habitant sur le sol anglais se divisent en deux partis : celui des Normands et celui des Saxons, qui, par leur fusion progressive, ont créé la nation britannique et façonné sa langue. Scott montre que l'ordre militaro-religieux des Templiers joue, quant à lui, un rôle extrêmement trouble dans toutes les querelles intestines.</p><p>Le sujet du roman concerne donc les fondements mêmes de la nation anglaise. Il est traité avec un brio extraordinaire, dans un enchaînement de tournois, de combats singuliers, d'enlèvements, de sièges de châteaux, comme celui de Torquilstone. Le talent de Scott se déploie dans les récits d'événements violents et tragiques et dans la capacité à faire vivre une multitude de personnages, y compris secondaires, comme Robin des Bois ou Frère Tuck. Deux joutes et une grande bataille marquent les temps forts de ce récit haletant. Le début de la première rencontre peut en donner une faible idée : « Les trompettes n'eurent pas plus tôt donné le signal, que les champions quittèrent leurs positions de départ à la vitesse de l'éclair, et se rejoignirent au centre de la lice dans un fracas tonitruant. Leurs lances volèrent en éclats jusqu'à la poignée, et on les crut un instant renversés tous les deux, car la violence du choc avait fait plier les chevaux sur leurs jarrets de<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="BI00466_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="MONOD, Sylvère"><a title="Auteur : Sylvère MONOD" rel="author" href="/auteurs/sylvere-monod/"><strong>Sylvère MONOD</strong></a> : professeur émérite de l'université de Paris-III-Sorbonne nouvelle </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : IVANHOÉ, Walter Scott - Fiche de lecture" href="/carte-mentale/ivanhoe/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yBI00466_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Œuvres littéraires" href="/classification/litteratures/uvres-litteraires/"> Œuvres littéraires </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Œuvres littéraires du xixe s. occidental"> <a title="Classification : Œuvres littéraires du xixe s. occidental" href="/classification/litteratures/uvres-litteraires/uvres-litteraires-du-xixe-s-occidental/"> Œuvres littéraires du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> s. occidental </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Œuvres littéraires" href="/classification/litteratures/uvres-litteraires/"> Œuvres littéraires </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Œuvres littéraires par genres" href="/classification/litteratures/uvres-litteraires/uvres-litteraires-par-genres/"> Œuvres littéraires par genres </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Œuvres romanesques"> <a title="Classification : Œuvres romanesques" href="/classification/litteratures/uvres-litteraires/uvres-litteraires-par-genres/uvres-romanesques/"> Œuvres romanesques </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yBI00466_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/walter-scott/#c28291"> <span class="rg">SCOTT </span><span class="pc">WALTER </span><span class="rm">(1771-1832)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Raymonde ROBERT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 776 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...la gloire de Byron, Scott tente alors l'aventure du roman et publie, en 1814, <em>Waverley ou Il y a soixante ans </em>(<em>Waverley or 'Tis Sixty Years Ago</em>). Le succès est immédiat en Angleterre ; il atteint son apogée vers 1820 avec la parution d'<em><a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Ivanhoé , qui prend pour cadre historique le retour de Richard Cœur de Lion en Angleterre après la fin de la troisième croisade et de sa captivité en Autriche, jouit d'une réputation différente en France et en Grande-Bretagne. Outre-Manche, on y voit l'un des nombreux chefs-d'œuvre de Walter Scott (1771-1832), dans le genre littéraire du roman historique qu'il créa et maîtrisa. En F..." title="Article : IVANHOÉ" href="/encyclopedie/ivanhoe/">Ivanhoé</a></em>et se maintient à un niveau plus qu'honorable... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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